Enamel

Dr. Mahmoud Bakr

School Of Dentistry and Oral health Griffith University Member of the Australian Dental Association (ADA), Australian Biology Institute Inc. (ABI), and the Egyptian Dental Union (EDU).

ENAMEL
The hardest calcified tissue in the body forms the protective covering of the crown

* PHYSICAL

PROPERTIES:

COLOR THICKNESS HARDNESS BRITTLENESS PERMEABILITY

GROUND SECTION

DECALCIFIED SECTION

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION: INORGANIC CONTENT 96%

CRYSTALLINE CALCIUM PHOSPHATE

By weight

ORGANIC CONTENT 4%

HYDROXYAPATITE Ca 10(PO4)6 (OH)2

AMELOGENINS ENAMELINS and Water

unit structure of enamel

Enamel rods

Wavy Course of Enamel Rods

HUNTER-SCHREGER BANDS

(optical phenomenon) dark and light bands

Hunter Schreger bands

Note that Hunter Schreger bands Start from the ADJ an end before reaching the outer surface of enamel

Cross Section :

Hexagonal, fish scales, keyhole pattern

HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF ENAMEL

Incremental lines Enamel lamellae Enamel tufts Enamel spindle Dentino-enamel junction

STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF ENAMEL

Incremental lines:
CROSS STRAIATIONS (short increment)
INCREMENTAL LINES OF RETZIUS ( long increment)

 INCREMENTAL LINES OF RETZIUS ( long increment)

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1. A.D.J 2. Brown striae of Retzius 3. Dentinal tubule

Brown striae of Retzius

A.D.J

Dentinal tubules

NEONATAL LINE

Postnatal Enamel

Prenatal Enamel

Enamel lamella

Enamel lamellae
In enamel only Extending in enamel and dentin

A: enamel tuft B: enamel Lamella

Enaml tufts

Enamel Spindles

THE AMELODENTINAL JUNCTION

 SURFACE STRUCTURES OF ENAMEL

* OUTER STRUCTURELESS ENAMEL

*PERIKYMATA

*ENAMEL ROD ENDS

* CRACKs *Afibrillar cementum

SURFACE STRUCTURES
1 OUTER STRUCTURELESS ENAMEL
REMEMBER: THAT THERE IS AN INNER STRUCTURELESS ENAMEL

30 um thick

Perikymata

Enamel Rod Ends

SHALLOWER CERVICALLY DEEPER OCCLUSALLY

CRACKs

AFIBRILLAR CEMENTUM

SALIVARY PELLICLE

Age changes of Enamel

Attrition Decreased Permeability Increased Hardness (ionic exchange) Color changes

Attrition

Dentin

2 - PERMEABILITY

Recently

Main path

Old enamel

Erupted teeth
ASG