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- ) - (
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-: :

:
:Open Loop

.

:Closed Loop

.
) (-
:

) : (Heating

.

) : (Sensing


.
) :(Controlling
) -( .

: : Heating

: : Heat Sensing

Feedback
Controller

)(-

: Sensor Types
)( RTD's :
) ( RTD's
) o o(

RTD's
PT100,PT50:RTD'S ) (-
RTD PT50,PT150

Temperature

)(-

RTD's
:
. - .

- .

)( :thermocouples
) ( .

)(-

) ( ) (emf


.
.

:
""1800C -

.
- .

)(-

)( : Thermistors

.
- .

- .

. )(-

RTD

260-850

Thermocouple

270 - 1800

Thermistors

80-50

) (- :

- RTD 850C

1800C .

- RTD .

RTD - RTD

)(-

.
:


.
) (- .
:

) (output .

: : Indicators & Controllers


:
*

Temperature Indicators

Temperature transmitter

Data Logger

Temperature Controller

: Temperature Indicators -
Thermocouple RTD

.

: Bimetal thermometer -

:
-

- .

Remoter reading thermometer -

- ) (Bulb ) (Capillary

infrared thermometer -

) (infrared

) (-32 to 1000

:
. - .

- Recorder

- )(-


) (4-20mA
.

: Temperature Transmitter-

(0-10 V) (0-
)50mV) (0-20 mA) ( 4-20 mA

) :(-
. (85-265)VAC/DC
) (4-20 mA ):(0-5VDC

: Data Logger -
Data Acquisition Data Acquisition
Data Acquisition -

... .

-
...

Data Acquisition ) (pc

:
* Monitoring

* Control

*Following

* Result Comparison


Digital Signal . Analog signal

Digital Signal Data logger


Data Logger


.

Data Logger )(pc ) (printer


.

: Data Logger .
:
- portable

- panel Mounted

- Portable with built in printer

Data Logger
Data Logger
.

: Microprocessor temperature controllers -


Microprocessor ) (Thermocouple ) (RTD
) (
) (Relay )(Transistor
Microprocessor Temperature Controller

-
:* -

* .
* )(Scale Range
* C F

* )(Relay Transistor-

*
)(0-8V) ( 0-5V) (4-20mA) (0-10v) (0-50mV
* )(set point
* )(AC,DC
*
)(PT 100,J,K,R,S....
* .

* )(PID-on/off control

- )

( ...
.

:
: Level indicators

: Level Sensors
: Level Controllers
.

: : Level Indicators


: By pass level Indicators


.
) (transmitter .

: : Level Sensors

) (Transmitter
plc

- : Reed control level sensors

- ) ( Float


) ( output ) (4-20mA
) (0-5v .

. )

( ... ) ( ..

- : pressure transmitters

) (4-20mA
.

- : Ultrasonic Level Sensors



.

) (4-20mA

) (-

- ) (-

- )(Radar sensors


.
- ) (output )(0-5v)(4-20mA

: : Level Control Devices

:
Transistor OutputRealy Output
Thyristor Output
:
- Float

- Magnetic
- Conductivity
- Capacity
- Optical
- Vibration

- : Float switch


) switch(On/off

) (Float ) (Switch
:

:
) (-

-
- : Reed switches
.
- ) (Reed switch

) (on/off
.

-
- : Conductivity Switches

).(on/off

-
- : Capacitive Switches
-

:
) (-
)(sight tube

.
.

- : optical level switches


.

)(-


) -(
)(on/off
- : Vibration Controllers


)Switch(on/off
- ) (

-
* :
:* ) ( ... )

( ...

* ) ( ...
) ( ...

* .
* .
* ) ( ...
* :
. . - .

* 24 VDC 220 VAC


)
(

.
.
- " "

) (-
:
.. .


:
* ) (Zero Absolute


.

* )(Absolute Pressure

-
* ): (Atmospheric Pressure
(10)5
...

* ) : (Gauge pressure

.
* ): (Positive Pressure

.
* ): (Negative Pressure
.
:
: .
- :

)) (A )(B
) ( ) (Differential pressure )(A
). (B
:

: : Differential Pressure Gauges

* :
Manometers - Diaphragm Gauge

- : Manometers

) (Differential Pressure

. U
:

U
.

.
- P1 P2

:
P1 p2 = fgh
. :

f /

g /

) : (Mark II ) -( )-(
.

- : Diaphragm Differential pressure Gauge




.
.
-

:
.
:

.
...

: ): (Pressure Gauge
) (Differential Pressure Gauges

. :

: Bourdon Tube

)(-
:

) (- C

C
.

. . - .

- G1/4 G1/4

: : Pressure Switches
Electric Switch
)

( ....
:

-

) (-
). (Differential

.
-

).(Switch

) (Switch :

): (Dead Band
) (-

-
.

: : Pressure Transmitter

- PLC

plc
)4-
(20mA ) (0-5v

-
.

- :

:
:

:
:

: :
: K Factor -

K Factor
-: Linearity
K Factor
-: Repeatability

-: Viscosity

: :
- : Magnetic Flow meter
.
:

.
.
) ( -

Ue = BL.V
= Ue

= B
= L

= V
) ( - .

) (
) ( F2

UE = B.L.V
L&B ) (UE V
:
=

) (

) (

* ) (UE )(Q
:
- .
-
.

.
- .

- Clean in Place .
:
- ) ( Conductive Liquids
-
Considerations :

.

) ( -

- :Turbine Flow meter


Principle of operation
Turbine Flow meter

Advantages :
- . / ) ( 20000 PSI
- ) . / (
- .

- .
Disadvantages :
- ) ( .

- .

- .
Considerations :
- .
-


)(F5

- :Mass Flow meter


Principle Of Operation
Mass Flow meter :
=

.
) ( F6 ) ( U

.
) ( A


) ( B
) ( C
- ) ( -

.
Advantages :
-

- .
Disadvantages :
- .
- .

Considerations :
-
-

.
- .

- :Vortex Flow meter


) (Vortex Shedding ) (

.

:
=

Advantages :
- .
- .
- .
- .
Disadvantages :
- .
- .

- .
Considerations :

-
- .

- :Positive Displacement Flew meter

Principle of Operation :

) ( F10

.

Advantages :

- .
- .
Disadvantages :
- .
- .
- .

Considerations :
:
- .

- .
- : Variable Area Flow meter
Principle of Operation :


.


) ( -

Advantages :
-
.
- .
Disadvantages :
-
.
-
)+( 2% F.S
-

-
- : Differential Pressure Flow meter
Principle of operation :


Laminar Flow

.
Advantages :

- / .
- .
- .

- .
Disadvantages :
- )

( .

- .
.

Considerations :
:

- .
- .

- Ultrasonic Floweret:
Principle of operation :
) ( a

. )( -
Advantages:
- .
- .

- .
Disadvantages :
-

-
- .

Considerations:

- .
- .
: Flow meter Selection


:

Flow Rate

Port Size

) ( )Pressure .( min working max


) ( )Temp .( min working max
Fluid Media

) ( Liquid Viscosity

) ( Gas Density

End Connections

Scientific Term

) ( )Meter Position ( Local or Remate

( Indicating Totalizing Control


)Please Specify
) In Case of control (What the type of Out put


) (
PLC .

. PC and win95/98/NT/2000 only


.

:
cylinders motors limit switches light barriers . etc

.
) (plc )s7-
(300/400
Siemens s7-300/400 sima c step 7 plc so ware
.
:
The machine
The plc
) (The graphic machine editor
PLC ).(Program editor

. PLC machine

PLC

PLC ( Symbol editor)


. (Symbol table)
The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again.


-
( Graphic editor)
( Graphic windows)

.

-
Z X , Y Z,X,Y
The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it
again.


.

.
.
. . mm
.
-

)(How to create new element



machine/new element
-:

- )(Fixing element


properties / father
father origin

linear mover
father linear mover
:

origin
.
- )(properties of the element
name


.
)(father
father
origin
linear mover

father

linear mover
)(position
) (x,y,z
.

)(size

.
)(fix ability

.
)(visibility
) (xy yz zx or 3d
.

-
Automatic hook


.
The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may
hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to
d elete the image and then insert it again.

Box
.
.
.


.
.
. limit switch father
. limit switch editor

LED
LED
.
PLC
). (I0.0 or Q0.0 or m10.0 ,., etc
The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the
image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file
again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again.

Limit Switch
limit switch

:

PLC ).(I

linear mover .
: limit switch father origin
.
: limit switch master box
.
: PLC
I0.0
.
The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again.

Light barrier
photo cell
. Generators photo cell .
photo cell .
photo cell . PLC

photo cell

. photo cell

Distance Sensor
Distance sensor

.


PLC Word ) (QW or IW
IW512 word
IW512
. IW514
Push button & switch

switch
.

Push Button
.

Generator

PLC )(I,Q
.
father
Dynamics
-:
The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image,
or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If
the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again.

Delay
Dynamics
Turntable

QW512 .

Destroyer
generator

The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the
image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still
appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again.


.
Text Display

.
The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again.

Linear mover



.


box linear mover box editor

father . linear mover

Press
) ( Generator
.

.
.
linear mover
limit switch
linear mover press editor
father :
The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again.

Wedge

.
Divider
.
.

Divider
.

. Divider
.

Transporter

.


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- .
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