7 days

7 days

10 days

10 days

1-10 days days 1-10

Feekes 10.5.4

12 days
Watery ripe

12 days

12 days

212 dayssy

15-17 days

15-17 days

15-17 days

Feekes 11.1

Early milk stage

15-17 days

15-17 days

15-17 days

20 days

20 days

20 days

20 days

Feekes 11.2 mealy ripe

25 days

25 days

Dough stage

Dough stage

27 days days

Feekes 11.3 kernel hard

Hard dough Hard dough

Hard Dough

Dough Stages Dough stages

Freeze damage

Crop Yield vs ET Relationships

Wheat- 10.1 in

6.0 bu/a in

4.5 bu/a in

Yield Components
Yield = (Heads/sq ft) x (kernels/head) x (kernel wt) x unit area
Example: wheat (40 hds/sq ft) x (26 kernels/hd) x (0.0010666 oz/kernel) x (43,560 sq ft/acre) (16 oz) 60 lbs/bu = 50 bu/a

Yield Components
Yield=(Heads/sq ft) x (kernels/head) x (kernel wt) x unit area
Example: wheat yielded 75 bu/a; how many heads per sq ft will there be? 75 bu/a x 60 lbs/bu x (16 oz) (43,560 sq ft/a) (0.0010666 oz/kernel) (26 kernels/hd) = ? Heads / sq ft

Yield Components
Yield=(Heads/sq ft) x (kernels/head) x (kernel wt) x unit area
Example: wheat yielded 40 bu/a; how many kernels per head will there be? 40 bu/a x 60 lbs/bu x (16 oz) (43,560 sq ft/a) (0.0010666 oz/kernel) (35 heads/sq ft) = ?? kernels/hd

Lowering Wheat Yields

10C = 50F 15C = 59F 20C = 68F 25C = 77F 30C = 86F 35C = 95F

10C = 50F 15C = 59F 20C = 68F 25C = 77F 30C = 86F 35C = 95F

Nitrogen Timing, Belleville 2003-06

Timing Fall N-rate 40 80 120 Split fall/spring 20+20 40+40 60+60 Spring 40 80 120 Split spring/F6 Split spring/F8 F6 F8 Check 40+40 40+40 80 80 0 2003 68 92 91 69 94 95 69 95 96 68 70 67 51 49 2004 71 88 88 73 89 87 75 88 89 73 70 70 58 42
LSD (0.05) 5

2006 74 90 91 76 87 93 72 89 88 70 68 65 52 46

10/4/02 @ 90 lbs/a; NH4NO3, spring application-2/18/03; Residual N (24)-26 ppm; LSD (0.05) 4 10/6/03 @ 90 lbs/a; NH4NO3, spring application-3/12/04;

10

Preplant Banding, Broadcast/Inc. and DrillRow P Applications For Wheat

P Rate Effect On Wheat Yields

KSU, Dickinson Co., 1978

75 70 65 Grain Yield (bu/a) 60 55 50 Knife P 45 40 35 30 0 10 20 30 40 50 P Rate (Lb P2O5/A) Broadcast P Drill-row P

Leikam, et. al., 1980

Eghball and Sander, 2001

Simultaneous application of N in same soil zone as P often termed Dual application

For wheat generally similar to drill-row
P Rate Effect On Wheat Yields
KSU, Dickinson Co., 1978
75 70 65 Grain Yield (bu/a) 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 0 10 20 30 P Rate (Lb P2O5/A) 40 50 Knife P Broadcast P Drill-row P

Subsurface Dual Band

Leikam, et. al., 1980

Effect of Previous Crop and Fertilizer Placement on Wheat Yields- Parsons Application Method Knife Band Broadcast Wheat Yield- 3 Yr Ave (bu/a) Soybean Corn Grain Sorghum 57.8 55.0 52.8 AVE 55.2 55.5 52.4 50.1 52.7 48.9 43.0 39.4 43.8 AVE 54.1 50.1 47.4

Treatments applied prior to wheat planting UAN and 10-34-0 were used on 36 inch centers for KN and SB

11

Effects of N-P placement on wheat yield components-3 yr ave

N-P method No. Heads No. m-2 437 410 398 7 No. Kernels Kernel wt No. Hd-1 26.2 25.1 24.5 0.3 mg 31.0 31.5 31.6 0.2

Subsurface-kn Surface-bd Surface-bc

LSD

Effects of N-P placement on wheat yield components-3 yr ave

N-rate Lbs/a
20 40 80

No. Heads No. m-2 340 384 448 487 8

No. Kernels Kernel wt No. Hd-1 24.1 24.6 25.8 26.5 0.3 mg 31.6 31.8 31.2 31.0 0.3

120 LSD

12

No-Till Wheat Manhattan 2005-06

Treatment
Seed-Fert

Yield 05
46 49 51 44 47 51 53 43 47 53

Yield 06
52 56 65 53 55 64 69 53 64 71

60-60 N 60-90 N 60-120 N 90-60 N 90-90 N 90-90 N Fung 90-120 N 120-60 N 120-90 N 120-120 N

Nitrogen Content

Potassium Uptake

13

Phosphorus Uptake

Leaf Rust

Effect of Fungicide Treatment on Wheat Yields-2007

North Central KS Treatment Fungicide Check Yield bu/a 74 65 TW lbs/bu 57 57 Southwest KS Yield bu/a 41 33 TW lbs/bu 55.9 54.5

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Sprouting in the head

Sprouted Kernels

15