print name (first last): course: ECET 257 lab date (mo/day/yr):

______________________ 01/28/2010 ______________________

lab section (day time): ______________________ instructor: ______________________

Triac Analog Control

Performance Checks
_____ 1. _____ 2. Ramp generator (2.k.) Vload waveform for Econtrol = 3V voltage controlled phase angle firing (2.z.) (There is no No Report Challenge.)

Lab Report Scoresheet Prelab initial submission (on time, with calculations, complete) (15%) All required signed Performance check offs (50%) Lab Report Purpose, Approach and Results (25%) Proper grammar, capitalization, spelling -2% each error Any other errors -3% each error

_________ __________ __________

Lab Report Analysis and Conclusions (10%) Proper grammar, capitalization, spelling -2% each error Any other errors -3% each error Questions not answered in the form: 1. xxx, 2. yyy -3% Total Late report (* 0.5)

__________

__________ ___________

Comments:

Final Report Grade %, (maximum = 100%)

__________

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Triac Analog Control

Prelab Activity
Build the circuit below neatly on your circuit board. Once the circuit is fully configured, remove the jumpers to separate the circuit into three modules: zero crossing detector, ramp generator, comparator.

+ 5V 3 R4 27 k 2 4 U1a TLC2274 11 1

jumper to separate the ramp generator from the comparator 5 U1b TLC2274 - 5V 6 7

connect to Econtrol dc

- 5V C1 100 n - 5V 12.6 Vrms CT connect to transformer secondary 1k R2 2.2 k 1N4001 zero crossing test point jumper to separate the zero crossing detector from the ramp generator R1 2.2 k R3 10 k + 5V Q1 MPS751 R5 10 k R6 10 k

connect to triac trigger

__________ Instructors initials

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Triac Analog Control

Objectives
Verify the performance of a triac operated with voltage controlled phase angle firing .

Approach and Results

1. Simple ON/OFF Control
a. Obtain a Triac-Light Control box. b. With the boxs power cord unplugged, remove the plexiglass cover. With the Ohmmeter, verify the proper configuration, as shown in the shaded box of Figure 1. Do not connect the 5V supply.

Red Red
H

+5V

+5V

6 1

MOC3030

6 N

Q4004
2 4 2 4

Load
Black Black

Figure 1 Simple ON/OFF control c. Install your triac and your MOC3010 (or 3011 or 3012). Be sure that you have each installed correctly in their sockets. d. Pull the ground clip for your oscilloscope x10 probe back and tape it to the cable so that it cannot fall into the circuit. Connect the probe from channel 2 to the light (marked Load). There is a test point available. Warning Assure that the probe is set to attenuate the voltage to the oscilloscope x10. This lowers the voltage to the oscilloscope to about 17VP. Without the x10 attenuator, the input voltage to the oscilloscope will be 170VP, which will damage the input channel of the oscilloscope. Set the vertical channel to properly account for the probes attenuation. e. Set the switch on the box to off. Replace the plexiglass cover. Install the light bulb. f. Connect the +5V supply and common as shown in Figure 1.

MOC3010

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Triac Analog Control

g. Plug the box into the line voltage. Turn the +5V on. Set the oscilloscope channel 2 to display the RMS and DC (mean) of these signals. Vload = ___________Vrms light ___________ (on or off)

h. With an insulated tool, flip the switch to on. Vload = ___________Vrms i. j. light ___________ (on or off)

Turn the +5V supply off. Verify that the light goes off. Unplug the box.

2. Voltage Controlled Phase Angle Firing

a. Build the circuit in Figure 2a.

- 5V 12.6 Vrms CT 10 k

+ 5V

120 Vrms

2.2 k

1N4001

1N4001 2.2 k 1N4001 zero crossing test point

Figure 2a Zero crossing detector

b. Turn on the + 5 Vdc supplies, then plug in the transformer.

c. Display the waveform at the zero crossing test point on Ch 1. You must connect the oscilloscopes ground to the circuit common. Verify that it is a modified version of a full-wave rectified signal, is 120 Hz, has voltages above +5 V clipped, and extends about -1 V negative at the zero crossing. When the wave is correct, capture it to include in your report. d. Unplug the transformer, then turn the + 5 Vdc supplies off.

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Triac Analog Control

e. Add the ramp generator shown in Figure 2b.

Figure 2b Triggered ramp generator f. Display the waveform at the zero crossing test point on Ch 1, and the signal at the op amps pin 1 on Ch 2. g. Before connecting it to the circuit, assure that Econtrol is set to 1 Vdc. h. Turn the + 5 Vdc and Econtrol supplies on, then plug in the transformer. i. Verify that the output of the op amp is a ramp that starts at the zero crossing, and goes negative at a linear rate, changing -2.5 V in ~ 7.5 ms. Use the cursors to verify this. j. Verify that increasing Econtrol, increases the negative slope of the ramp, charging to -2.5 V more quickly. k. When the wave is correct, with the cursors properly set, capture it to include in your report. Demonstrate the ramp waveform as Econtrol is varied from 0 Vdc to 5 Vdc.

l.

Unplug the transformer, then turn the supplies off.

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Triac Analog Control

m. Add the comparator shown in Figure 2c.

Figure 2c Triggered ramp generator and comparator n. Display the waveform at the zero crossing test point on Ch 1, and the signal at the op amps pin 7 on Ch 2. o. Before connecting it to the circuit, assure that Econtrol is set to 1 Vdc. p. Turn the + 5 Vdc and Econtrol supplies on, then plug in the transformer. q. Verify that the output of the op amp pin 7 is a rectangle that goes high at the zero crossing. Its levels should be ~ + 4 V. r. Verify that increasing Econtrol, causes the falling edge of the rectangle to occur sooner, narrowing the positive pulse width. Then, return Econtrol = 1 V. s. t. When the wave is correct, with the oscilloscope measuring the + duty cycle, capture it to include in your report. {Hint: There is a + duty cycle measure funtion.} Unplug the transformer, then turn the supplies off.

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Triac Analog Control

u. Add the remaining components as shown in Figure 2d. v. Move the oscilloscope channel 2 with the x10 probe to the light, and assure that there is only one ground connection to the oscilloscope. fs

Red

+ 5V 3 R4 27 k 2 Econtrol 4 U1a TLC2274 11 - 5V - 5V C1 100 n - 5V R1 2.2 k R2 2.2 k 1N4001 R3 10 k 1N4001 + 5V Q1 MPF751 R5 10 k R6 10 k 6 1 5 U1b TLC2274 7
Black

120 Vrms

12.6 Vrms CT

1N4001 zero crossing test point

Figure 2d Voltage controlled phase angle firing w. Turn the supplies on. Plug the transformer in. Set Econtrol to 2V. x. Plug in the light box and turn its switch on. y. Adjust the oscilloscope to display two cycles of the voltage across the light, and to measure the rms voltage. Verify that the waveform across the load is correct. Save the Vload waveform with Econtrol = 3V so you can include it in your report. z. Complete the Vload and tlag columns in a table similar to the one below. Complete the last three columns as part of your lab report.

Table 1 Voltage controlled phase angle firing

Econtrol Vdc 1 2 3 4 Vload measured Vrms tlag msec

lag
degrees (calculated)

Vload theory Vrms

[Hint: use the curve]

error in Vload %

Demonstrate the circuit performance as Econtrol is varied from 1 Vdc to 4 Vdc.

Q4004

MOC30xx

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Triac Analog Control

Analysis and Conclusions

a. Include Table 1 in the body of your report, immediately following the description of the procedures. b. Plot Econtrol, (X axis) versus Vload rms measured (Y axis). c. Include all of the waveforms captured. d. Did this circuit behave correctly? Explain. e. Prove with a series of calculations the assertion in step 2.f. that the ramp should change -2.5 V in 8 ms.