yamashiro (cry249) Ch1-HW2 haley (56990) This print-out should have 30 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 (part 1 of 7) 2.0 points A spacecraft is observed to be at location 200 m, 300 m, 400 m relative to an origin located on a nearby asteroid, and 5 s later it is observed to be at location 300 m, 125 m, 650 m . Find the average velocity of the spacecraft, v = vx , vy , vz . What is vx in m/s? Correct answer: 20 m/s. Explanation: The average velocity of the spacecraft is calculated by nding the change of position over a change in time: v = rf ri . t For v y the value becomes: v y = v2y v1y t (125 m) (300 m) = (5 s)

= 35 m/s 003 (part 3 of 7) 2.0 points What is vz in m/s? Correct answer: 50 m/s. Explanation: The average velocity of the spacecraft is calculated by nding the change of position over a change in time: v = rf ri . t

Because r is a vector, the average velocity will also be a vector and each component must be calculated separately. For v x the value becomes: v x = v2x v1x t (300 m) (200 m) = (5 s) = 20 m/s 002 (part 2 of 7) 2.0 points What is vy in m/s? Correct answer: 35 m/s. Explanation: The average velocity of the spacecraft is calculated by nding the change of position over a change in time: v = rf ri . t

Because r is a vector, the average velocity will also be a vector and each component must be calculated separately. For v z the value becomes: v z = v2z v1z t (650 m) (400 m) = (5 s) = 50 m/s 004 (part 4 of 7) 1.0 points What is |v | in m/s? Correct answer: 64.2262 m/s. Explanation: The magnitude is calculated by: |v | = =
2 + v2 + v2 vx y z

(20 m/s)2 + (35 m/s)2 + (50 m/s)2

Because r is a vector, the average velocity will also be a vector and each component must be calculated separately.

= 64.2262 m/s 005 (part 5 of 7) 1.0 points

yamashiro (cry249) Ch1-HW2 haley (56990) Find the unit vector in the direction of the velocity of the spacecraft, v = v x , vy , v z . What is v x ? Correct answer: 0.3114. Explanation: The unit vector for a vector is given as : v = v x , v y , vz For example: v x = = vx |v | 20 m/s 64.2262 m/s vx , vy , vz = |v | For example: v z = vz |v | 50 m/s = 64.2262 m/s = 0.778499 008 (part 1 of 7) 2.0 points

Here are the positions at three dierent times for a bee in ight (a bees top speed is about 7m/s . T ime 11.1 s 11.6 s 12.1 s P osition 4.5 m, 8.4 m, 0 m 2.3 m, 5.2 m, 0 m 0.5 m, 0.7 m, 0 m

= 0.3114 006 (part 6 of 7) 1.0 points What is v y ? Correct answer: 0.544949. Explanation: The unit vector for a vector is given as : v = v x , v y , vz = For example: v y = vy |v | 35 m/s = 64.2262 m/s = 0.544949 007 (part 7 of 7) 1.0 points What is v z ? Correct answer: 0.778499. Explanation: The unit vector for a vector is given as : v = v x , v y , vz = vx , vy , vz |v | vx , vy , vz |v | Between 11.1 s and 11.6 s, nd the bees average velocity:
A A v A = vx , vy , 0 .

Be careful with signs.

A What is vx in m/s?

Correct answer: 4.4 m/s. Explanation: The bees average velocity is equal to: v = d t df di = tf ti dx , dy , dz =

vx , vy , vz

dx , dy , dz tf ti
f

For the rst time interval, and in the x direction, this becomes
A vx = 1 d2 x dx t2 t1 (2.3 m) (4.5 m) = (11.6 s) (11.1 s)

= 4 . 4 m/ s 009 (part 2 of 7) 2.0 points

yamashiro (cry249) Ch1-HW2 haley (56990)

A What is vy in m/s?

012 (part 5 of 7) 1.0 points Of the two average velocities you calculated, which is the best estimate of the bees instantaneous velocity at 11.1 s? 1. The average velocity between 11.6 s and 12.1 s. 2. The average velocity between 11.1 s and 11.6 s. correct Explanation: The best estimate for the instantaneous velocity at 11.1 s is the average velocity with the smallest time interval that includes 11.1 s. In this case the rst time interval is the only one that includes 11.1 s so it is the best estimate. 013 (part 6 of 7) 1.0 points Using the best information available, what is the displacement in the x direction of the bee during the time interval from 11.1 s to 11.13 s in units of meters? Correct answer: 0.132 m. Explanation: The best approach with the information provided is approximate that the instantaneous velocity at any point through the small time interval is equal to the average velocity over the rst time interval. If we do this, the displacement in the x direction is equal to:
A d = v x t = (4.4 m/s) (11.13 s 11.1 s)

Correct answer: 6.4 m/s. Explanation: For the rst time interval, and in the y direction, this becomes
A vx = 1 d2 y dy t2 t1 (5.2 m) (8.4 m) = (11.6 s) (11.1 s)

= 6.4 m/s 010 (part 3 of 7) 2.0 points Between 11.6 s and 12.1 s, nd the bees average velocity:
B B v B = vx , vy , 0 . B What is vx in m/s?

Correct answer: 3.6 m/s. Explanation: For the second time interval, and in the x direction, this becomes
B vx

d3 d2 x = x t3 t2 (0.5 m) (2.3 m) = (12.1 s) (11.6 s) = 3 . 6 m/ s

011 (part 4 of 7) 1.0 points

B What is vy in m/s?

Correct answer: 9 m/s. Explanation: For the second time interval, and in the y direction, this becomes
B vx 2 d3 y dy = t3 t2 (0.7 m) (5.2 m) = (12.1 s) (11.6 s)

0.132 m 014 (part 7 of 7) 1.0 points What is the displacement in the y direction during the same time interval in units of meters? Correct answer: 0.192 m.

= 9 m/s

yamashiro (cry249) Ch1-HW2 haley (56990) Explanation: Similar to part 6, the displacement in the y direction is equal to:
A d = v x t = (6.4 m/s) (11.13 s 11.1 s)

016 (part 2 of 3) 3.0 points What is dy in meters? Correct answer: 0 m. Explanation: See answer 1 but in the y direction: dy = (0 m) + = 0m 017 (part 3 of 3) 3.0 points What is dz in meters? Correct answer: 16.3636 m. Explanation: See answer 1 but in the z direction: dz = (30 m) + (3000 kg m/sec) (18 s 13 s) (1100 kg) (0 kg m/sec) (18 s 13 s) (1100 kg)

0.192 m 015 (part 1 of 3) 4.0 points At time 13 s, a car with mass 1100 kg is located at 94 m, 0 m, 30 m and has momentum 4500 kg m/sec, 0 kg m/sec, 3000 kg m/sec . The cars momentum is not changing. At time 18 s, nd the position of the car: d = dx , dy , dz What is dx in meters? Correct answer: 114.455 m. Explanation: Since the momentum is constant and much less than the speed of light, the momentum is equal to : p = mv . This means the velocity of the car is simply equal to the momentum of the car divided by the cars mass: p v= m This means that the nal position of the car is given by the initial position of the car plus the distance the extra distance the car travels during the time interval which is nothing more than the velocity times the time: p d = d + T m
i

= 16.3636 m 018 10.0 points

Which of the following observations give conclusive evidence of an interaction? A. Change of velocity, either change of direction or change of speed. B. Change of shape or conguration without change of velocity. C. Change of position without change of velocity. D. Change of identity without change of velocity. E. Change of temperature without change of velocity. List all that apply separated by commas.

i i di x , dy , dz

px , py , pz T + m

Correct answer: A,B,D,E. Explanation: All but C give conclusive evidence of an interaction. Answer C on its own does not give signicant evidence and can be viewed in terms of Newtons First Law. 019 (part 1 of 6) 2.0 points

This leads to the distance in the x direction: dx = (94 m) + (4500 kg m/sec) (18 s 13 s) (1100 kg)

= 114.455 m

yamashiro (cry249) Ch1-HW2 haley (56990) An electron passes location 0.02 m, 0.04 m, 0.06 m , and 1 s later is detected at location 0.02 m, 1.84 m, 0.86 m . Find the average velocity of the elecron: v = vx , vy , vz . What is vx ? Correct answer: 0 m/s. Explanation: The average velocity over a time interval is given by: d2 d1 v = t2 t1 This means that the x component is: d2x d1x vx = t2 t1 (0.02 m) (0.02 m) = (1 s) = 0 m/ s 020 (part 2 of 6) 2.0 points What is vy ? Correct answer: 1.8 106 m/s. Explanation: vy = d2y d1y t2 t1 (1.84 m) (0.04 m) = (1 s) = 1.8 106 m/s 021 (part 3 of 6) 2.0 points What is vz ? Correct answer: 8 105 m/s. Explanation: vz = d2z d1z t2 t1 (0.86 m) (0.06 m) = (1 s) = 8 105 m/s dy = d2y + vy t = (1.84 m) + (1.8 106 m/s) (5 s) = 10.84 m 024 (part 6 of 6) 1.0 points What is dz ? Correct answer: 4.86 m. Explanation: dz = d2z + vz t = (0.86 m) + (8 105 m/s) (5 s) = 4.86 m 025 10.0 points At a certain instant a ball passes location r = 7, 16, 17 m. Correct answer: 0.02 m. Explanation: 022 (part 4 of 6) 2.0 points

If the electron continues to travel at this average velocity, nd where it will be in another 5 s : d = dx , dy , dz . What is dx ?

The new position is equal to the initial position plus the velocity of the electron time the time interval it travels: dx = d2x + vx t = (0.02 m) + (0 m/s) (5 s) = 0.02 m 023 (part 5 of 6) 1.0 points What is dy ? Correct answer: 10.84 m. Explanation:

yamashiro (cry249) Ch1-HW2 haley (56990) In the next three seconds, the balls average velocity is vavg = 11, 40, 11 m/s. At the end of this 3 second time interval, what is the height y of the ball? Correct answer: 136 m. Explanation: This is a fairly simple problem. Since the question is only asking for the y coordinate of the balls location after 3 seconds, we dont need to worry about the x or z components of its motion at all. We can use the position update formula rf = ri + vavg t to nd the new y location after 3 s. The ball started at ri,y = 16 m, moving (in the y direction) at a rate of vavg,y = 40 m/s. We know that t = 3 s. We have rf,y = ri,y + vy t = 16 m + (40 m/s)(3 s) = 136 m. 026 (part 1 of 5) 2.0 points A comet travels in an elliptical path around a star, in the direction shown. II I Star III IV V 3. A 4. G 5. C 6. B H G F E D A B C 7. H 8. D

Viewed from above, which arrow best indicates the direction of the comets velocity when the comet is located at position I? 1. H 2. B 3. F 4. G 5. D 6. C 7. E correct 8. A Explanation: The velocity is tangent to the comets path, in the direction of motion. In the case for pointI the correct direction is direction E. 027 (part 2 of 5) 2.0 points Viewed from above, which arrow best indicates the direction of the comets velocity when the comet is located at position II? 1. E 2. F correct

Explanation: The velocity is tangent to the comets path, in the direction of motion. In the case for point II the correct direction is direction

yamashiro (cry249) Ch1-HW2 haley (56990) F. 028 (part 3 of 5) 2.0 points Viewed from above, which arrow best indicates the direction of the comets velocity when the comet is located at position III? 1. H 2. F 3. C 4. D 5. G correct 6. E 7. A 8. B Explanation: The velocity is tangent to the comets path, in the direction of motion. In the case for point III the correct direction is direction G. 029 (part 4 of 5) 2.0 points Viewed from above, which arrow best indicates the direction of the comets velocity when the comet is located at position IV? 1. E 2. G 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. H correct 8. F

Explanation: The velocity is tangent to the comets path, in the direction of motion. In the case for point IV the correct direction is direction H. 030 (part 5 of 5) 2.0 points Viewed from above, which arrow best indicates the direction of the comets velocity when the comet is located at position V? 1. D 2. E 3. F 4. C 5. G 6. B 7. H 8. A correct Explanation: The velocity is tangent to the comets path, in the direction of motion. In the case for point V the correct direction is direction A.