RESULT The effect of pulse input FT : 179.1 ml/min Time (min) 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 TT1 : 29.3 oC TT2 : 30.0 oC TT3 : -32768.

0 oC QT1 (mS/cm) 7.1324 8.4413 6.9114 6.1756 4.4264 4.1476 3.5885 3.0874 2.5693 2.2055 1.8084 1.5434 1.2357 1.0473 0.6912 0.4697 0.3448 0.2205 0.1436 0.0725 0.0615 0.0313 0.0153 0.0306 0.0311 QT2 (mS/cm) 1.3475 2.506 3.5156 3.8833 4.3369 4.3917 4.2845 4.2257 3.9115 3.7309 3.5653 3.2659 3.0397 2.638 2.0702 1.7046 1.4709 1.1025 0.7911 0.6763 0.5246 0.3619 0.2972 0.2451 0.1877 QT3 (mS/cm) 0.8077 0.9136 1.1703 1.567 2.3135 2.2766 2.5207 2.2955 2.9802 3.1204 3.2192 3.2192 3.2119 3.1819 3.0406 2.7187 2.7187 2.1158 1.8064 1.547 1.3432 1.0548 0.8954 0.607 0.5878

75 78 81 84 87 90

0.0067 0.0105 0 0 0 0

0.0892 0.0507 0.082 0.0575 0.0152 0

0.4349 0.3787 0.3116 0.1967 0.1818 0.1405

Graph result based on the data

Conductivity change with time for each reactor in pulse change

9 8 7 6 CONDUCTIVITY 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 -1 QT1 (mS/cm) 10 20 30 40 50 TIME QT2 (mS/cm) QT3 (mS/cm) 60 70 80 90 100

No calculation involved.

DISCUSSION

In this experiment, the objective is to determine the concentration response to pulse change of the CSTR reactor. The value of the conductivity which in (mS/cm) was recorded in each three minutes per interval. The data obtain for 90 minutes was plotted into a graph to see the result of the concentration of the deionized water where it is increasing with time. Though the concentration is uniform in the system, where 300g of sodium chloride was dissolved in the feed tank and the deionized water that was dissolve to the sodium in tank was pumped to other one by one which was full with deionized water. After 84 minute mixing, the concentration reading of the three reactor reached a stable reading even there is some tolerance of reading between QT2 and QT3. As commonly, CSTR is widely used in process industry to produce a product with continuous and in big volume at the end of the process. This is much better and easiest way to transfer a batch process to a continuous one. CSTR is much better than batch process due to its steady state operation which resulting in more constant product properties, an improved consumption where the heat required during the process and high yield at the end of the process. Compared to other reactor such as TFR, it is more likely good in mixing where it is independently form the net flow of the reactor during the process of CSTR. Residence time distribution is highly important during process where CSTR is not suitable for process of emulsion of polymerization where the particle of nucleation is very sensitive to the residence time distribution. Therefore, the broad residence time distribution profile can pose some server complication. Since CSTR have steady state concentration in the reactor, it is lot easier to calculate the feed additional monomer streams to each CSTR for this process. Besides that, we can compare the time-based addition profile with other semi-batch process. This is because CSTR does have no backmixing from the downstream of CSTR, thus the negative effect of CSTR can be neglected.

CONCLUSION

At the end of the experiment, the graph showed it take 84 minute of mixing to reach almost stable reading. Besides that, there are some error during the experiment where the computer system had some minor failure during the data reading. Thus, there may be some error in the data during the experiment. In addition, the objective of the experiment it to study the effect of pulse or residence time in input concentration of solute curve had been achieved based on the graph plotted. Conductivity of the solution is depend on the time taken of the CSTR operate since it is in steady state process, thus a high yield may be obtain at the end of the process.

References. Levenspiel Octave, Department of Chemical Engineering Oregon State University, Chemical Reaction Engineering Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999