Sub: Structural Engineering

Topic : Steel Structures

MODULE-38A
Analysis and design of tension and compression members.

Tension members: Tension members are linear members in which axial forces act so as to elongate the member. Ties of trusses, suspenders of cable stayed and suspension bridges are examples of tension members. Net cross-sectional area [ : ] b = width of plate = thickness of plate

= gauge length = staggered pitch = no. of bolts in critical section. Design strength due to gross-section yielding: = = gross area of c/s = yield stress of material = 1.1 Net section rupture: a) Plates: = = ultimate stress = 1.25 net c/s area.

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Sub: Structural Engineering b) Threaded rods: =

Topic : Steel Structures net root area at the threaded section

c) Single angles connected through one leg:

0.7 Design strength due to block shear: a) Bolted connections: (i) For shear yield and tension fracture

(ii)

For shear facture and tension yield = .

= minimum gross and net area in Shear along bolt line.

= minimum gross and net area in tension from bolt hole to the toe of the angle. Compression members: Common hot rolled and built-up steel members used for carrying axial compression, usually fail by flexural buckling. The buckling strength of these members is affected by residual stresses, initial bow and accidental eccentricities of load. To account for all these factors, the strength of these members subjected to axial compression is defined by buckling class a, b, c and d. Design compressive strength: JH ACADEMY = effective sectional area Page 2

Sub: Structural Engineering

Topic : Steel Structures = design compressive stress

= [ = =

where class a b

= effective slenderness ratio

0.21 0.34 0.49 0.76

= imperfection factor

Effective length of compression members:

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Sub: Structural Engineering Laced columns: The effective slenderness ratio ( the ( effects.

Topic : Steel Structures

) of laced column shall be taken as 1.05 times

) , the actual maximum slenderness ratio, in order to for shear deformation

Width of lacing bar: In bolted or riveted construction, the minimum width of lacing bars shall be three times the nominal dia of bolt/ rivet. Thickness of lacing bar: t for single lacing for double lacing Angle of inclination: to to the axis of built up member design force for

lacing =25% of axial force in the member. Slenderness ratio of lacing bar:

Battened columns The effective slenderness ratio ( 1.1 times the ( ) of battened columns, shall be taken as

) , the maximum slenderness ratio of the column to account

for shear deformation effects. Design for battens: 2.5% of axial force in the member. Battens should be designed to carry the bending moment and shear arising from transverse shear force 2.5% of axial force.

M= = longitudinal shear force = transverse shear force JH ACADEMY Page 4

Sub: Structural Engineering C = distance between c/c of battens N= number of parallel plates

Topic : Steel Structures

S= minimum transverse distance between centroid of rivet connecting the batten to the main member.

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