Sub: Structural Engineering

Topic : Steel Structures

MODULE-40A
Connections- simple and eccentric, beamcolumn connections,

Simple Connections: there are three types of connections. 1. Riveted 2. Bolted 3. Pinned

1. Riveted:

2. Bolted:

3. Pinned:

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Sub: Structural Engineering Patterns of riveted joints:

Topic : Steel Structures

Types of bolted joints: 1. Lap joint: The two members to be connected are overlapped and connected together. Such a joint is called lap joint. 2. Butt joint: The two members to be connected are placed end to end. Additional plate/plates provided on either one or both sides, called cover plates, are placed and are connected to main plates. If the cover plates are provided on one side, it is called single cover butt joint and if the cover plates are provided on both sides of main plates, it is called a double cover butt joint.

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Sub: Structural Engineering

Topic : Steel Structures

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Sub: Structural Engineering

Topic : Steel Structures

Failure of bolted joints: 1. Shear failure of bolts:

2. Bearing failure of bolt:

3. Bearing failure of plate

4. Tension failure of bolts: Bolts subjected to tension may fail at the stress area. 5. Tearing failure of plates:

6. Block shear failure:

Specification of bolted joints: Diameter of bolts: The fewer the bolts, the fewer the number of holes to be formed and less installation work. The larger diameter bolts are particularly favorable in

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Sub: Structural Engineering

Topic : Steel Structures

connections where shear governs because the bolt capacity in shear varies as square of bolt diameter. Spacing of bolt holes: Pitch: It is the distance between the centers of two consecutive bolts measured along a row of bolts. A row generally refers to a line of bolts placed parallel to load. Gauge: It is the distance between adjacent bolt lines. Minimum pitch: 2.5 times nominal dia of bolt. Maximum pitch: 16t or 200mm whichever is less for tension members. 12t or 200mm whichever is less for compression members. for compression members butted each other 4.5 time nominal dia of bolt 1.5 times the width of member The distance between the centers of any two consecutive bolts in a line adjacent and parallel to an edge of the outside plate should not exceed 100+4t or 200mm whichever is less. t is thickness of thinner outside plate. The distance between centers of two adjacent bolts should not exceed 32t or 300mm whichever is less. t is the thickness of thinner plate. When the bolts are staggered at equal intervals and gauge does not exceed 75mm, the spacing mentioned above may be increased by 50% subjected to maximum specified as 32t or 300mm whichever is less. Edge distance: Minimum edge distance: 1. For sheared or hard flame cut edges: 1.7 time of whole dia. 2. For rolled or machine flame cut edges: 1.5 time of hole dia Nominal size of bolt (d) 12-14 mm 16-24 mm >24 mm hole dia (D) d+1mm d+2mm d+3mm

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Sub: Structural Engineering

Topic : Steel Structures

Maximum edge distance: 12t

where

= thickness of thinner outer plate. Shear strength of bolts: Nominal shear capacity of bolt:

= number of shear planes with threads intercepting shear planes. = number of shear planes without threats intercepting shear planes. = shear area at threads = nominal plain shank area. Design strength of the bolt Bearing strength of bolts: Nominal bearing strength of bolt = 1.25

Where e, P= end and pitch distance = diameter of hole = ultimate tensile strength of plate. Nominal dia of bolt = summation of thickness of the connected plates. Design bearing strength of bolts:

Tensile capacity of bolts: Nominal tensile capacity <

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Sub: Structural Engineering Design tensile capacity =

Topic : Steel Structures

Combined shear and tension: ( ) ( ) = factored shear force on bolt = design shear capacity = factored tensile force on bolt = design tensile capacity Bolt strength is minimum of shear and bearing: Fillet welds: Design strength of fillet weld

Where

= effective length of weld Throat thickness 1.25 For shop welding = 1.5 for site welding = smaller of ultimate strength of weld and parent material.

Size of weld: Maximum size: -1.5mm or Minimum size: 3mm Thickness of thicker plate: 0-10mm 10-20mm 20-32mm 32-50mm 3mm 5mm 6mm 8 first run 10 for min size f weld. where t= thinner plate

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Sub: Structural Engineering

Topic : Steel Structures

Effective throat thickness: should not be less than 3mm. should not exceed 0.7t or 1.0t under special circumstances. = size of thinner plate. Effective throat thickness= K.S s= size of weld, K=

91-100 K 0.70 0.65

101-106 0.6

107-113 0.55

114-120 0.5

Effective length of weld= L - 2S Eccentric connections: Bolted bracket connection: Type-1

= or K= Torque = = Total torque= = K

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Sub: Structural Engineering The force F= Type:2 is maximum when distance is maximum.

Topic : Steel Structures

Which is

direct shear load

Tensile force in bolts:

or K= Moment of resistance due to tensile force in bolt = Total moment of resistance due to tensile force =K Total tensile force in the bolted connection =

For equilibrium, total compressive force C should be equal to total tensile force hence

External moment= moment resisted by bolts in tension + moment of the compressive Force. M=

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Sub: Structural Engineering = [

Topic : Steel Structures ] ) ( ) should be checked.

and (

Welded bracket connection: Type:1

Direct shear stress= (

The shear stress due to twisting moment

where J=

Type:2

Direct shear stress = JH ACADEMY Page 10

Sub: Structural Engineering

( ( ) ) ( )

Topic : Steel Structures

Bending stress

Combined stress

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