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The idlers are an important part of a belt conveyor system; they provide stability to the conveyed materials. There are mainly three types of idles used in the industry namely, flat idlers, trough idlers, and garland idlers. In this article we will discuss only the flat type belt conveyor idler design.
Belt speed generally expressed in meters. The output aims from the design process are:
Capacity of the conveyor generally expressed in tons per hour. Bulk density of the conveyed materials generally expressed in tons per cubic meter. Conveyor belt width generally expressed in meters.
The spacing of the idlers generally expressed in meters. The idler speed generally expressed in meters per second. Load on each idlers. Idler diameter generally expressed in meters.
The following design equations are used across the industry for calculating the different design parameters of the flat idlers:
ml= (10*W)/ (36*V)1.2 Where, mb is in kg/m. W = Capacity of the conveyor (tons per hour) V = Belt speed (m/sec)
Design procedure: First, we will calculate the weight of the conveyed material using the eqn.1.2 as: ml = (10*1000)/(36*1.68) = 165.34 kg/m Now, to calculate the spacing between the two idlers we will use the eqn.1.1 S=(8*50000*0.015)/(15+165.34)*9.81 = 3.391 m
The diameter of the idler can be calculated from the eqn.1.3 as below:
D= (60*1.68)/ (3.14*50) = 0.64 m Total load acted on each idler can be obtained from the eqn.1.4 :
F=(10*1000*3.391*9.81)/(36*1.68)=5500 N Maximum bending stress applied on each idlers can be obtained from the eqn.1.5 as below: b= (8*5500*1.2)/ (3*3.14*0.643) = 21385.176 N/m2 If the maximum bending stress calculated from the above equations is higher than the accepted limit of the bending stress then, you have to reconsider the input assumed parameters, for example you may have to set the lower idler speed or you have to think of the lower belt sag value, so that idler spacing got reduced and so the load per idler.
Conclusion
There are three types of idlers used in the conveyor industry, out of which only the flat belt conveyor idler design calculations are discussed here theoretically. We have not used the factor of safety in the design calculations here, or in other words the factor of safety is considered as one through out the calculations. The theoretical calculations are ideal for the preliminary design. FEA tools like Ansys or Pro Mechanica should be used for the final virtual validation of the design. References Limberoller Belt Conveyor Idlers
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