General Navigation QB

061 GENERAL NAVIGATION
061-01 BASICS OF NAVIGATION 061-01-01 The Solar System

8260. What is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will reach an altitude of 90o above the horizon at some time during the year? A ! $ % 0o "#o 66o 2&o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8260. Assuming mid1latitudes 2"0o to #0o 3456. At which time of year is the relationshi* between the length of day and night+ as well as the rate of change of declination of the sun+ changing at the greatest rate? A ! $ % 5ummer solstice and s*ring e7uino8 5*ring e7uino8 and autumn e7uino8 5ummer solstice and winter solstice Winter solstice and autumn e7uino8
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8280. What is the a**ro8imate date of *erihelion+ when the .arth is nearest to the 5un? A ! $ % !eginning of 9anuary .nd of %ecember !eginning of 9uly .nd of :arch
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A
8&&". At what a**ro8imate date is the earth furthest from the sun 2a*helion6? A ! $ % !eginning of 9uly .nd of %ecember !eginning of 9anuary .nd of 5e*tember
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8&&#. 5easons are due to the( A ! $ % .arth;s elli*tical orbit around the 5un inclination of the *olar a8is with the ecli*tic *lane .arth;s rotation on its *olar a8is variable distance between .arth and 5un
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !
061-01-02 The Earth

826<. A great circle trac= >oins *osition A 2#9o5 <"<oW6 and ! 26<o5 <"8oW6. What is the difference between the great circle trac= at A and !? A ! $ % it increases by 6o it decreases by 6o it increases by &o it decreases by &o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 826". ?he angle between the *lane of the .7uator and the *lane of the .cli*tic is( A ! $ % 66.# deg 2&.# deg 2#.& deg 6#.6 deg
8282. @iven( Aalue for the elli*ticity of the .arth is <4290. .arth;s semi1ma>or a8is+ as measured at the e7uator+ e7uals 6&08." =m. What is the semi1minor a8is 2=m6 of the earth at the a8is of the Boles? A ! $ % 6 &#6.9 6 &08." 6 &60.0 6 &99.9
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8&09. At what a**ro8imate latitude is the length of one minute of arc along a meridian e7ual to one 3: 2<8#2 m6 correct? A ! $ % "#o 0o 90o &0o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8&<2. ?he ma8imum difference between geocentric and geodetic latitude occurs at about( A ! $ % 90o 3orth and 5outh 60o 3orth and 5outh "#o 3orth and 5outh 0o 3orth and 5outh 2e7uator6
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8&<&. What is the C?$ time of sunrise in Aancouver+ !ritish $olumbia+ $anada 2"93 <2& &0W6 on the 6th %ecember? A ! $ % 2&2" C?$ 002" C?$ <##2 C?$ 00&8 C?$
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $
8&<6. ?he circumference of the .arth is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % "&200 nm <0800 nm 2<600 nm #"00 nm
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8&&<. )n order to fly from *osition A 2<0o003+ 0&0o00W6 to *osition ! 2&0o0036+ 0#0o00W6+ maintaining a constant true course+ it is necessary to fly( A ! $ % the great1circle route the constant average drift route a rhumb line trac= a straight line *lotted on a /ambert chart
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8&&2. ?he diameter of the .arth is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % <8 #00 =m 6 &#0 =m <2 000 =m "0 000 =m
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 90&8. At what a**ro8imate date is the earth closest to the sun 2*erihelion6? A ! $ % .nd of 9une .nd of :arch !eginning of 9uly !eginning of 9anuary
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( %
90#". )n which two months of the year is the difference between the transit of the A**arent 5un and mean 5un across the @reenwich :eridian the greatest? A ! $ % :arch and 5e*tember Debruary and 3ovember 9une and %ecember A*ril and August
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 9000. What is a line of e7ual magnetic variation? A ! $ % An isocline An isogonal An isogriv An isovar
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 9008. ?he circumference of the *arallel of latitude at 60o3 is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % <0 800 3: <8 006 3: 20 000 3: &" 6"< 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 980". Barallels of latitude+ e8ce*t the e7uator are( A ! $ % both 'humb lines and @reat circles @reat circles 'humb lines are neither 'humb lines nor @reat circles
98<8. ?he angle between the *lane of the ecli*tic and the *lane of e7uator is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % 20.#o 2#.&o 2&.#o 66.#o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <0899. @iven( ?he coordinates of the heli*ort at )ssy les :oulineau8 are( 3"8o#0 .002o<6.# ?he coordinates of the anti*odes are( A ! $ % 5"<o<0 W<00o"&.# 5"8o#0 .<00o"&.# 5"8o#0 W<00o"&.# 5"<o<0 .<00o"&.#
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <090<. An aircraft at latitude 02o203 trac=s <80o2?6 for 68# =m. En com*letion of the flight the latitude will be( A ! $ % 0&o#05 0"o<05 0"o&05 09o0#5
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <09<9. An aircraft de*arting A23"0o 00;.080o00;6 flies a constant true trac= of 200o at a ground s*eed of <20 =t. What are the coordinates of the *osition reached in 6 -'? A ! $ % 3"0o 00; .068o <0; 3"0o 00; .06"o 20; 3"0o 00; .000o &0; 3"0o 00; .060o 00;
<09&0. )f an aero*lane was to circle around the .arth following *arallel 60o3 at a ground s*eed of "80 =t. )n order to circle around the .arth along the e7uator in the same amount of time+ it should fly at a ground s*eed of( A ! $ % ##0 =t 2"0 =t 960 =t "80 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <09"0. ?he angle between the true great1circle trac= and the true rhumb1line trac= >oining the following *oints( A 260o5 <6#oW6 ! 260o5 <00o.6+ at the *lace of de*arture A+ is( A ! $ % 0.8o 9o <#.6o #.2o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <09#". An aircraft flies the following rhumb line trac=s and distances from *osition 0"o003 0&0o00W( 600 3: 5outh+ then 600 3: .ast+ then 600 3: 3orth+ then 600 3: West. ?he final *osition of the aircraft is( A ! $ % 0"o003 029o#8W 0"o003 0&0o02W 0"o003 0&0o00W 0&o#83 0&0o02W
<#"#<. Which of the following statements concerning the earth;s magnetic field is com*letely correct? A %i* is the angle between total magnetic field and vertical field com*onent ! ?he blue *ole of the earth;s magnetic field is situated in 3orth $anada $ At the earth;s magnetic e7uator+ the inclination varies de*ending on whether the geogra*hic e7uator is north or south of the magnetic e7uator % ?he earth;s magnetic field can be classified as transient semi1*ermanent or *ermanent 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <6202. What is the initial great circle direction from "#o3 <"o<2W to "#o3 <2o"8.? A ! $ % 86.#o 2?6 80."o 2?6 090o 2:6 200o 2:6
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <6206. Fou are flying from A 2#0n <0W6 to ! 2#83 02.6. What is the $onvergency between A and !? A ! $ % 6.#o 9.0o <0.2o 6.8o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <6286. 'adio bearings( A ! $ % are 'humb lines cut all meridians at the same angle are @reat circles are lines of fi8ed direction
<6290. -ow many nm are e7uivalent to <o of arc of latitude( A ! $ % < nm <# nm 60 nm 600 nm
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <6&<0. ?he earth may be referred to as( A ! $ % round an oblate s*heroid a globe elli*tical
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <6&<0. What is the standard formula for convergency? A ! $ % $onvergency G dial 8 sin mean latitude $onvergency G dial 8 cos mean latitude $onvergency diong 8 cos mean latitude $onvergency G diong 8 sin mean latitude
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <6&<8. A line which cuts all meridians at the same angle is called a( A ! $ % /ine of variation @reat circle 'humb line Agonic line
<6&<9. A Barallel of /atitude is a( A ! $ % @reat circle 'humb line 5mall circle :eridian of tangency
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <6&20. ?he shortest distance between 2 *oint of the surface of the earth is( A ! $ % a great circle the arc of a great circle half the rhumb line distance 'humb line
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <6&2<. $onversion angle is( A ! $ % convergency " times convergency twice convergency 1 0.# convergency
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <6&22. @enerally what line lies closer to the *ole? A ! $ % 'humb line Erthodromic line .7uator ?he rhumb line or great circle de*ending on the chart used
2#<"8. ?he .arth is( A A s*here which has a larger *olar circumference than e7uatorial circumference ! A s*here whose centre is e7uidistant 2the same distance6 from the Boles and the .7uator $ $onsidered to be a *erfect s*here as far as navigation is concerned % 3one of the above statements is correct 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2#<80. At what time of the year is the .arth at its furthest *oint from the sun 2a*helion6? A ! $ % .arly 9uly /ate %ecember .arly 9anuary :id19une
061-01-03 Time an time !on"ersions

82#". 2'efer to figure 06<1<"6 When it is <000 5tandard ?ime in Huwait+ the 5tandard time in Algeria ( A ! $ % 0000 <200 <&00 0800
8202. ?he duration of civil twilight is the time( A between sunset and when the centre of the sun is <2o below the true horizon ! agreed by the international aeronautical authorities which is <2 minutes $ needed by the sun to move from the a**arent height of 0o to the a**arent height of 6o % between sunset and when the centre of the sun is 6o below the true horizon 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 828#. 2'efer to figures 06<1<& and 06<1<#6 An aircraft ta=es off from @uam at 2&00 5tandard ?ime on &0 A*ril local date. After a flight of << -' <# :)3 it lands at /os Angeles 2$alifornia6. What is the 5tandard ?ime and local date of arrival 2assume summer time rules a**ly6? A ! $ % <0<# on &0 A*ril <2<# on < :ay <&<# on < :ay <6<# on &0 A*ril
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 869&. What is the definition of .A?? A ! $ % .stimated on1bloc=s arrival time .stimated time overhead the destination airfield 1 .stimated initial a**roach fi8 time .stimated final a**roach fi8 time
90&<. )n which months is the difference between a**arent noon and mean noon the greatest? A ! $ % 3ovember and Debruary 9anuary and 9uly :arch and 5e*tember 9une and %ecember
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 90#&. $ivil ?wilight occurs between( A ! $ % sunset and 6 deg below the horizon 6 deg and <2 deg below the horizon <2 deg and <8 deg below the horizon sunrise and sunset
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 90#8. Which is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will rise above the horizon and set every day? A ! $ % 62o 68o 02o 66o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 900". En the 20th of Debruary+ at #2o5 and 0"0o.+ the sunrise is at 02"& C?$. En the same day+ at #2o5 and 0&#oW+ the sunrise is at( A ! $ % 2<"& C?$ 02"& C?$ 00"& C?$ 0#2& C?$
908#. 2'efer to figures 06<1<& and 06<1<#6 At <200 5tandard ?ime on the <0th of 9uly in Iueensland+ Australia+ what is the 5tandard ?ime in -awaii+ C5A? A ! $ % <200 5? <0 9uly <000 5? <0 9uly <600 5? 09 9uly 0200 5? <0 9uly
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <09&#. What is the local mean time+ *osition 6#o2#3 <2&o"#W at 2200 C?$? A ! $ % <&"# 2200 06<# 08<#
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <09"6. ?he main reason that day and night+ throughout the year+ have different duration is due to the( A ! $ % inclination of the ecli*tic to the e7uator earth;s rotation relative s*eed of the sun along the ecli*tic gravitational effect of the sun and moon on the s*eed of rotation of the earth
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <#"20. ?he /ocal :ean ?ime at longitude 09#o20W at 0000 C?$+ is( A ! $ % <0&8("0 same day 062<(20 same day <0&8("0 *revious day 062<(20 *revious day
<#"2&. What is the meaning of the term standard time? A ! $ % )t is the time zone system a**licable only in the C5A )t is an e8*ression for local mean time )t is another term for C?$ )t is the time set by the legal authorities for a country or *art of a country
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <#"#&. $ivil twilight is defined by( A ! $ % sun altitude is <2o below the celestial horizon sun altitude is <8o below the celestial horizon sun u**er edge tangential to horizon sun altitude is 6o below the celestial horizon
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2<"#0. 2'efer to figure 06<1<26 ?he C?$ of sunrise on 6 %ecember at W)33)B.@ 2$anada6 2"9o #0;3 090o &0;W6 is( A ! $ % 09&0 0<<& 22&0 <"<&
2"002. 2'efer to figure 06<10"6 @iven( ?A5 is <20 =t A?A JK; <2&2 C?$ .?A JF; <2"0 C?$ A?A JF; is <2#0 C?$ What is .?A JL;? A ! $ % <2#0 C?$ <&02 C?$ <&00 C?$ <&0& C?$
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2"028. )n 8 hours and 8 minutes the mean sun has moved how many degrees 2o6 along the celestial e7uator? A ! $ % <8o <"8o <22o #6o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2"0&#. :orning $ivil twilight begins when( A ! $ % the sun;s u**er edge is tangential to the celestial horizon the centre of the sun is <2o below the celestial horizon the centre of the sun is <8o below the celestial horizon the centre of the sun is 6o below the celestial horizon
2"0#8. When the time is <"00 /:? at 90o West+ it is( A ! $ % <"00 /:? at 90o .ast <200 /:? at <20o West <000 /:? at 60o West 0600 /:? at the Brime meridian
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2"0#9. When the time is 2000 C?$+ it is( A ! $ % <"00 /:? at 90o West 2"00 /:? at <20o West <200 /:? at 60o .ast 0800 /:? at the Brime meridian
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2"06<. Which of the following alternatives is correct when you cross the international date line? A ! $ % ?he date will increase if you are crossing on a westerly heading ?he date will increase if you are crossing on a easterly heading ?he date will always be the same )f you are crossing from westerly longitude to easterly longitude the date will remain the same
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2#<#0. En 20 Deb+ at 5#2<0.0 .0"000.0+ the sunrise is at 02&0 C?$. En the same day+ at 5#2<0.0 W0&#00.0+ the sunrise is at( A ! $ % 02&0 C?$ 0#<0 C?$ 00&0 C?$ 2<&0 C?$
2#<#<. ?he C?$ of the end of .vening $ivil ?wilight in *osition 3#<000; W008000; on <# August is( A ! $ % <928 C?$ <9"" C?$ 2000 C?$ 20&2 C?$
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2#<92. 2'efer to figures 06<1<& and 06<1<#6 )f it is <200 5tandard ?ime on <0th 9uly in Iueensland+ Australia+ the 5tandard ?ime in -awaii+ C5A is( A ! $ % <2005? <0 9uly <0005? <0 9uly <6005? 09 9uly 02005? <0 9uly
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2#<9&. ?he months in which the difference between a**arent noon and mean noon is greatest are( A ! $ % Debruary and 3ovember 9anuary and 9uly :arch and 5e*tember 9une and %ecember
2#269. 2'efer to figures 06<1<& and 06<1<#6 What is the 5tandard ?ime in -awaii when it is 0600 5? on the <6th 9uly in Iueensland+ Australia? A ! $ % <000 5? <#th 9uly 2000 5? <#th 9uly <000 5? <6th 9uly <000 5? <0th 9uly
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2#298. )f it is 0000 hours 5tandard ?ime in Huwait+ what is the 5tandard ?ime in Algeria? A ! $ % 0#00 0900 <200 0&00
061-01-0# $istan!es
8289. )sogrives are lines that connect *ositions that have( A ! $ % the same horizontal magnetic field strength the same grivation the same variation 0o magnetic di*
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <<298. ?he north and south magnetic *oles are the only *ositions on the earth;s surface where( A ! $ %
Ans( $
a freely sus*ended com*ass needle will stand horizontal isogonals converge a freely sus*ended com*ass needle will stand vertical the value of magnetic variation e7uals 90o
<#"26. ?he lines on the earth;s surface that >oin *oints of e7ual magnetic variation are called( A ! $ % isogrives isoclines isogonals isotachs
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2"00". A great circle on the .arth running from the 3orth Bole to the 5outh Bole is called( A ! $ % a longitude a *arallel of latitude a difference of longitude a meridian
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2"0<&. An aircraft is following the "#o3 *arallel of latitude. ?he trac= followed is a( A ! $ % constant1heading trac= rhumb line great circle constant1drift trac=
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2"02<. -ow does the convergency of any two meridians on the .arth change with varying latitude? A ! $ % )t changes as cosine of latitude )t changes as sine of latitude )t increases with decrease of latitude )t is of constant value and does not change with latitude
2"02". -ow many small circles can be drawn between any two *oints on a s*here? A ! $ % Ene 3one An unlimited number ?wo
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2"020. )f you are flying along a *arallel of latitude+ you are flying( A ! $ % a great circle trac= on a north1south trac= on a trac= which is constantly changing direction a rhumb line trac=
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2"0&2. )n which occasions does the rhumb line trac= and the great circle trac= coincide on the surface of the .arth? A En .ast1West trac=s in *olar areas ! En high latitude trac=s directly .ast1West $ En .ast1West trac=s in the northern hemis*here north of the magnetic e7uator % En trac=s directly 3orth15outh and on .ast1West trac=s along the .7uator 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2"0#0. When flying on a westerly great circle trac= in the 5outhern -emis*here you will( A fly a s*iral and finally end u* at the south *ole ! e8*erience an increase in the value of true trac= $ always have the rhumb line trac= between the de*arture *oint and the destination to the left of your great circle trac= % e8*erience a decrease in the value of true trac= 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !
061-01-0% $istan!e
<6280. -ow many feet are there in < sm? A ! $ % &.280 ft #.280 ft 6.080 ft <.000 ft
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <6288. -ow many feet are there in a nm? A ! $ % &.280 ft #.280 ft 6.080 ft <.000 ft
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <6289. -ow many feet are there in a =m? A ! $ % &.280 ft #.280 ft 6.080 ft <.000 ft
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <629<. -ow many centimetres are e7uivalent to &6.2# inches? A ! $ % 92.08 cm 0.0<" m <".20 cm <<.0# cm
<6292. -ow many feet are e7uivalent to 9.# =m? A ! $ % &<.<60 ft #0.<60 ft #0.060 ft 9.#00 ft
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <629&. ?he )nternational 3autical :ile defined by )$AE is e7uivalent to MMM m. A ! $ % <.#82m <.6#2m <.8#2m <.962m
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2"00#. A nautical mile is( A ! $ % <609 metres <8#2 metres <0<2 metres <#00 metres
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2"0"<. ?he distance along a meridian between 6&o##;3 and <&o"0;5 is( A ! $ % &008 3: 0002 3: #008 3: "662 3:
2"0##. What is the length of one degree of longitude at latitude 60o 5outh? A ! $ % &0 3: #2 3: 60 3: 90 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2"0#6. What is the rhumb line distance+ in nautical miles+ between two *ositions on latitude 60o3+ that are se*arated by <0o of longitude? A ! $ % &00 3: #20 3: 600 3: 866 3:
061-02
&AGNETIS& AN$ CO&'ASSES 061-02-01 General 'rin!i(les
8&2#. What is the di* angle at the 5outh :agnetic Bole? A ! $ % 0 deg 90 deg <80 deg 6" deg
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8&"#. What is the value of magnetic di* at the 5outh :agnetic Bole? A ! $ % &60o <80o 090o 0o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8&"8. ?he angle between ?rue 3orth and :agnetic 3orth is =nown as( A ! $ % deviation variation alignment error di*
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8&#<. )sogonic lines connect *ositions that have( A ! $ % the same variation 0o variation the same elevation the same angle of magnetic di*
8&#". At a s*ecific location+ the value of magnetic variation( A ! $ % de*ends on the true heading de*ends on the ty*e of com*ass installed de*ends on the magnetic heading varies slowly over time
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8&##. What is the definition of magnetic variation? A ?he angle between the direction indicated by a com*ass and :agnetic 3orth ! ?he angle between ?rue 3orth and $om*ass 3orth $ ?he angle between :agnetic 3orth and ?rue 3orth % ?he angle between :agnetic -eading and :agnetic 3orth 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8&#8. ?he horizontal com*onent of the earth;s magnetic field( A ! $ % is a**ro8imately the same at all magnetic latitudes less than 60o wea=ens with increasing distance from the magnetic *oles wea=ens with increasing distance from the nearer magnetic *ole is a**ro8imately the same at magnetic latitudes #0o3 and #0o5
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8&00. )sogonals converge at the( A ! $ % :agnetic e7uator 3orth and 5outh geogra*hic and magnetic *oles 3orth magnetic *ole only 3orth and 5outh magnetic *oles only
8&0#. )f variation is West, then( A ! $ % ?rue 3orth is West of :agnetic 3orth $om*ass 3orth is West of :agnetic 3orth ?rue 3orth is .ast of :agnetic 3orth :agnetic 3orth is West of $om*ass 3orth
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8&8#. $om*lete the following statement regarding magnetic variation. ?he charted values of magnetic variation on earth normally change annually due to( A a reducing field strength causing numerical values at all locations to decrease ! magnetic *ole movement causing numerical values at all locations to increase $ magnetic *ole movement causing numerical values at all locations to increase or decrease % an increasing field strength causing numerical values at all locations to increase 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8&88. Which of these is a correct statement about the .arth;s magnetic field? A )t acts as though there is a large blue magnetic *ole in 3orthern $anada ! ?he angle of di* is the angle between the vertical and the total magnetic force $ )t may be tem*orary+ transient+ or *ermanent % )t has no effect on aircraft deviation 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8&89. When turning right from &&0o 2$6 to 0"0o 2$6 in the northern hemis*here+ the reading of a direct reading magnetic com*ass will( A ! $ % over1indicate the turn and li7uid swirl will decrease the effect under1indicate the turn and li7uid swirl will increase the effect under1indicate the turn and li7uid swirl will decrease the effect over1indicate the turn and li7uid swirl will increase the effect
8&90. )sogonals are lines of e7ual( A ! $ % com*ass deviation magnetic variation *ressure wind velocity
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8&9<. A negative 2westerly6 magnetic variation signifies that( A ! $ % ?rue 3orth is .ast of :agnetic 3orth ?rue 3orth is West of :agnetic 3orth $om*ass 3orth is .ast of :agnetic 3orth $om*ass 3orth is West of :agnetic 3orth
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8&9#. An aircraft is over *osition -E 2##o&03 060o<#W6+ where FF' AE' 2#&o&03 060o<#W6 can be received. ?he magnetic variation is &<oW at -E and 28oW at FF'. What is the radial from FF'? A ! $ % 0&<o 208o 028o &&2o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8&90. A line drawn on a chart which >oins all *oints where the value of magnetic variation is zero is called an( A ! $ % isogonal aclinic line agonic line isotach
8&98. ?he angle between ?rue 3orth and :agnetic 3orth is called( A ! $ % com*ass error deviation variation drift
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8"08. ?he value of magnetic variation on a chart changes with time. ?his is due to( A ! $ % movement of the magnetic *oles+ causing an increase increase in the magnetic field+ causing an increase reduction in the magnetic field+ causing a decrease movement of the magnetic *oles+ which can cause either an increase or a decrease
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8"<". @iven( ?rue trac= is &"8o %rift <0o left Aariation &2oW %eviation "o. What is the com*ass heading? A ! $ % 000o 0&&o &#9o &&0o
8"<6. ?he agonic line( A is midway between the magnetic 3orth and 5outh *oles ! follows the geogra*hic e7uator $ is the shorter distance between the res*ective ?rue and :agnetic 3orth and 5outh *oles % Dollows se*arate *aths out of the 3orth *olar regions+ one currently running through Western .uro*e and the other through theC5A 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8"20. )sogonal lines converge as follows( A ! $ % at the 3orth :agnetic Bole at the 3orth and 5outh :agnetic and @eogra*hical Boles at the 3orth and 5outh :agnetic *oles at the :agnetic e7uator
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 9"62. Which of the following statements concerning earth magnetism is com*letely correct? A An isogonal is a line which connects *laces with the same magnetic variation, the agonic line is the line of zero magnetic di* ! An isogonal is a line which connects *laces with the same magnetic variation, the aclinic is the line of zero magnetic di* $ An isogonal is a line which connects *laces of e7ual di*, the aclinic is the line of zero magnetic di* % An isogonal is a line which connects *laces with the same magnetic variation, the aclinic connects *laces with the same magnetic field strength 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !
90"0. An Agonic line is a line that connects( A ! $ % *ositions that have the same variation *ositions that have 0o variation *oints of e7ual magnetic di* *oints of e7ual magnetic horizontal field strength
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 90"". ?he .arth can be considered as being a magnet with the( A blue *ole near the north *ole of the earth and the direction of the magnetic force *ointing straight u* from the earth;s surface ! red *ole near the north *ole of the earth and the direction of the magnetic force *ointing straight down to the earth;s surface $ blue *ole near the north *ole of the earth and the direction of the magnetic force *ointing straight down to the earth;s surface % red *ole near the north *ole of the earth and the direction of the magnetic force *ointing straight u* from the earth;s surface 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 900<. When is the magnetic com*ass most effective? A ! $ % 1 )n the region of the magnetic 5outh Bole About midway between the magnetic *oles )n the region of the magnetic 3orth Bole En the geogra*hic e7uator
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 9080. At the magnetic e7uator( A ! $ % di* is zero variation is zero deviation is zero the isogonal is an agonic line
908&. ?he value of magnetic variation( A ! $ % varies between ma8imum values of "#o. and "#oW is a ma8imum of <80o is always 0o at the magnetic e7uator is never greater than 90o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 909". Where is a com*ass most effective? A ! $ % About midway between the earth;s magnetic *oles )n the region of the magnetic 5outh *ole )n the region of the magnetic 3orth *ole En the geogra*hic e7uator
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 98<9. A magnetic com*ass will be most effective at( A ! $ % a *osition roughly half way between the magnetic *oles the 5outh :agnetic Bole the 3orth :agnetic Bole the .7uator
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <"6#&. When accelerating on a westerly heading in the northern hemis*here+ the com*ass card of a direct reading magnetic com*ass will turn( A ! $ % cloc=wise giving an a**arent turn towards the north cloc=wise giving an a**arent turn towards the south anti1cloc=wise giving an a**arent turn towards the north anti1cloc=wise giving an a**arent turn towards the south
<6296. When a magnetized com*ass needle is freely sus*ended in the .arth;s magnetic field+ when free from e8traneous magnetic influence+ it will align itself with( A ! $ % true 3orth magnetic 3orth absolute 3orth relative 3orth
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <6290. When a magnetized com*ass needle is freely sus*ended in the .arth;s magnetic field+ and affected by e8traneous magnetic influence+ it will align itself with( A ! $ % true 3orth magnetic 3orth com*ass 3orth relative 3orth
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <6299. When is :agnetic 3orth Bole is .ast of the ?rue 3orth Bole variation is( A ! $ % N and easterly 1 and easterly 1 and westerly N and westerly
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <6&00. When the :agnetic Bole is West of the ?rue 3orth *ole variation is( A ! $ % N and easterly 1 and easterly 1 and westerly N and westerly
<6&0<. An isogonal is( A ! $ % a line of e7ual wind s*eed a line of e7ual magnetic deviation a line of zero magnetic variation a line of e7ual magnetic variation
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <6&02. ?he agonic line is( A ! $ % a line of zero magnetic deviation a line of e7ual magnetic deviation a line of zero magnetic variation a line of e7ual magnetic variation
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <6&0". What is deviation? A ! $ % ?he angle between magnetic 3orth and com*ass 3orth ?he angle between magnetic 3orth and ?rue 3orth ?he angle between ?rue 3orth and com*ass 3orth ?he angle between ?rue 3orth and magnetic 3orth
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <6&0#. %eviation is( A ! $ % an error to be added to magnetic headings a correction to be added to magnetic heading to obtain com*ass heading a correction to be added to com*ass heading to obtain magnetic heading an error to be added to com*ass heading to obtain magnetic heading
2"0"&. ?he force acting on the needle of a direct reading com*ass varies( A directly with the horizontal com*onent of the earth;s magnetic field ! directly with the vertical com*onent of the earth;s magnetic field $ inversely with both vertical and horizontal com*onents of the earth;s magnetic field % inversely with the horizontal com*onent of the earth;s magnetic field 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2"0"8. ?he horizontal com*onent of the earth;s magnetic field( A ! $ % wea=ens with increasing distance from the nearer magnetic *ole wea=ens with increasing distance from the magnetic *oles is stronger closer to the magnetic e7uator is a**ro8imately the same at all magnetic latitudes less than 60o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2#<96. ?he lines on a chart >oining *laces of e7ual magnetic di* are called( A ! $ % Aclinic lines )sogonals )soclinals Agonic lines
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2#<90. An aircraft is accelerating on a westerly heading in the 3orthern -emis*here, the effect on a %irect 'eading $om*ass will result in( A ! $ % An a**arent turn to the West An indication of a turn to the 3orth A decrease in the indicated reading An indication of a turn to the 5outh
2#<98. When should a %'$ be OswungP? A ! $ % .very 6 months Dollowing a change of magnetic latitude Dor night use After flying in an area where lightning is visible
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2#200. An aircraft+ in the 3orthern -emis*here+ turns right from &&02$6 in a 'ate < ?urn for &0 secs. As the aircraft rolls out+ does the com*ass overread or underread and will li7uid swirl increase or decrease the error( A ! $ % Cnderread %ecrease Cnderread )ncrease Everread %ecrease Everread )ncrease
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2#20<. An aircraft is accelerating on a westerly heading in the 3orthern -emis*here. ?he effect on a %irect 'eading :agnetic $om*ass is( A ! $ % Cnderreads 3orth Cnderreads 5outh Everreads 3orth Everreads 5outh
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2##0". What is the ma8imum *ossible value of %i* Angle? A ! $ % 66o <80o 90o "#o
061-02-02 Air!ra)t &a*netism

8&&9. @iven( ?rue ?rac= G &#2 deg Aariation G <<W %eviation G .# %rift G <0' What is -eading 2$6? A ! $ % 008 $ &"6 $ &#8 $ 02# $
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8&"<. When decelerating on a westerly heading in the 3orthern -emis*here+ the com*ass card of a direct reading magnetic com*ass will turn( A ! $ % cloc=wise giving an a**arent turn toward the south anti1cloc=wise giving an a**arent turn towards the south cloc=wise giving an a**arent turn towards the north anti1cloc=wise giving an a**arent turn towards the north
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8&6&. When an aircraft on a westerly heading on the northern hemis*here accelerates+ the effect of the acceleration error causes the magnetic com*ass to( A ! $ % lag behind the turning rate of the aircraft indicate a turn towards the north indicate a turn towards the south to turn faster than the actual turning rate of the aircraft
8&0&. )n 3orthern -emis*here+ during an acceleration in an easterly direction+ the magnetic com*ass will indicate( A ! $ % a decrease in heading an increase in heading an a**arent turn to the 5outh a heading of .ast
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8&0". $oncerning direct reading magnetic com*asses+ in the northern hemis*here+ it can be said that( A on an .asterly heading+ a longitudinal acceleration causes an a**arent turn to the 5outh ! on an .asterly heading+ a longitudinal acceleration causes an a**arent turn to the 3orth $ on a Westerly heading+ a longitudinal acceleration causes an a**arent turn to the 5outh % on a Westerly heading+ a longitudinal deceleration causes an a**arent turn to the 3orth 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8&8<. ?he angle between :agnetic 3orth and $om*ass 3orth is called( A ! $ % magnetic variation com*ass error com*ass deviation alignment error
8&86. Fou are in the 3orthern hemis*here+ heading <&#$ on a %irect 'eading :agnetic $om*ass. Fou turn right in a 'ate < turn for &0 seconds. %o you roll out on an indicated heading of( A ! $ % greater than 22# less than 22# e7ual to 22# not *ossible to determine
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8&89. When turning right from &&0o2$6 to 0"0o2$6 in the northern hemis*here the reading of a direct reading magnetic com*ass will( A ! $ % over1indicate the turn and li7uid swirl will decrease the effect under1indicate the turn and li7uid swirl will increase the effect under1indicate the turn and li7uid swirl will decrease the effect over1indicate the turn and li7uid swirl will increase the effect
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8&96. $om*ass deviation is defined as the angle between( A ! $ % ?rue 3orth and :agnetic 3orth :agnetic 3orth and $om*ass 3orth ?rue 3orth and $om*ass 3orth ?he horizontal and the total intensity of the earth;s magnetic field
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8"0<. ?he value of variation( A ! $ % is zero at the magnetic e7uator has a ma8imum value of <80 deg has a ma8imum value of "#. or "#W cannot e8ceed 90 deg
8"0". %eviation a**lied to magnetic heading gives( A ! $ % magnetic course true heading com*ass heading magnetic trac=
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8"<<. At the magnetic e7uator+ when accelerating after ta=e off on heading West+ a direct reading com*ass( A ! $ % underreads the heading overreads the heading indicates the correct heading indicates a turn to the south
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8"<9. An aircraft in the northern hemis*here ma=es an accurate rate one turn to the right4starboard. )f the initial heading was &&0o after &0 seconds of the turn the direct reading magnetic com*ass should read( A ! $ % 060o less than 060o more than 060o more or less than 060o de*ending on the *endulous sus*ension used
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8"2<. When accelerating on an easterly heading in the 3orthern hemis*here+ the com*ass card of a direct reading magnetic com*ass will turn( A ! $ % anti1cloc=wise giving an a**arent turn toward the south cloc=wise giving an a**arent turn toward the south anti1cloc=wise giving an a**arent turn toward the north cloc=wise giving an a**arent turn toward the north
8"2&. Fou are turning from &&0o to 0"0o in the 3orthern hemis*here using timing. Fou sto* the turn at the correct time. !efore the direct indicating magnetic com*ass settles down+ does it over1read or under1read+ and does the effect of li7uid swirl increase or decrease? A ! $ % Cnder1read, increase Ever1read, decrease Cnder1read, decrease Ever1read, increase
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8"2". Which of the following statements is correct concerning the effect of turning errors on a direct reading com*ass? A ?urning errors are greatest on north4south headings+ and are least at high latitudes ! ?urning errors are greatest on east4west headings+ and are least at high latitudes $ ?urning errors are greatest on north4south headings+ and are greatest at high latitudes % ?urning errors are greatest on east4west headings+ and are greatest at high latitudes 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 9060. Bermanent magnetism in aircraft arises chiefly from( A e8*osure to the earth;s magnetic field during normal o*eration ! hammering+ and the effect of the earth;s magnetic field+ whilst under construction $ the combined effect of aircraft electrical e7ui*ment and the earth;s magnetic field % the effect of internal wiring and e8*osure to electrical storms 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !
2"0&8. Ene *ur*ose of a com*ass calibration is to reduce the difference+ if any+ between( A ! $ % com*ass north and magnetic north com*ass north and true north true north and magnetic north com*ass north and the lubber line
061-02-03 'rin!i(les+ $ire!t , -emote -ea in* Com(asses

8&"&. )n a remote indicating com*ass system the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and electrical circuits may be minimised by( A ! $ % *ositioning the master unit in the centre of the aircraft the use of re*eater cards mounting the detector unit in the wingti* using a vertically mounted gyrosco*e
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8&"". ?he main advantage of a remote indicating com*ass over a direct reading com*ass is that it( A is able to magnify the earth;s magnetic field in order to attain greater accuracy ! has less moving *arts $ re7uires less maintenance % senses+ rather than see=s+ the magnetic meridian 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8&#2. ?he *ur*ose of com*ass chec= swing is to( A ! $ % cancel out the horizontal com*onent of the earth;s magnetic field cancel out the vertical com*onent of the earth;s magnetic field measure the angle between :agnetic 3orth and $om*ass 3orth cancel out the effects of the magnetic fields found on board the aero*lane
8&62. Which of the following is an occasion for carrying out a com*ass swing on a %irect 'eading $om*ass? A After an aircraft has *assed through a severe electrical storm+ or has been struc= by lightning ! !efore an aircraft goes on any flight that involves a large change of magnetic latitude $ After any of the aircraft radio e7ui*ment has been changed due to unserviceability % Whenever an aircraft carries a large freight load regardless of its content 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8&66. Why are the detector units of slaved gyro com*asses usually located in the aircraft wingti*s? A With one detector unit in each wingti*+ com*ass deviations are cancelled out ! ?o isolate the detector unit from the aircraft deviation sources $ ?o isolate the detector unit from the .arth;s magnetic field % ?o reduce turning and acceleration errors 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8&0<. A direct reading com*ass should be swung when( A ! $ % there is a large+ and *ermanent+ change in magnetic latitude there is a large change in magnetic longitude the aircraft is stored for a long *eriod and is fre7uently moved the aircraft has made more than a stated number of landings
8&02. ?he direct reading magnetic com*ass is made a*eriodic 2dead beat6 by( A using the lowest acce*table viscosity com*ass li7uid ! =ee*ing the magnetic assembly mass close to the com*ass *oint and by using dam*ing wires $ using long magnets % *endulous sus*ension of the magnetic assembly 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8&8". ?he main reason for usually mounting the detector unit of a remote indicating com*ass in the wingti* of an aero*lane is to( A facilitate easy maintenance of the unit and increase its e8*osure to the .arth;s magnetic field ! reduce the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and electrical circuits $ *lace it is a *osition where there is no electrical wiring to cause deviation errors % *lace it where it will not be sub>ected to electrical or magnetic interference from the aircraft 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8"0#. ?he annunciator of a remote indicating com*ass system is used when( A ! $ % synchronising the magnetic and gyro com*ass elements com*ensating for deviation setting local magnetic variation setting the heading *ointer
8"00. Which one of the following is an advantage of a remote reading com*ass as com*ared with a standby com*ass? A )t senses the magnetic meridian instead of see=ing it+ increasing com*ass sensitivity ! )t is lighter than a direct reading com*ass because it em*loys+ a*art from the detector unit+ e8isting aircraft e7ui*ment $ it eliminates the effect of turning and acceleration errors by *endulously sus*ending the detector unit % )t is more reliable because it is o*erated electrically and *ower is always available from sources within the aircraft 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8"60. An aircraft;s com*ass must be swung( A if the aircraft has been in the hangar for a long time and has been moved several times ! if the aircraft has been sub>ected to hammering $ every maintenance ins*ection % after a change of theatre of o*erations at the same magnetic latitude 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 980&. ?he sensitivity of a direct reading magnetic com*ass is( A inversely *ro*ortional to the horizontal com*onent of the earth;s magnetic field ! *ro*ortional to the horizontal com*onent of the earth;s magnetic field $ inversely *ro*ortional to the vertical com*onent of the earth;s magnetic field % inversely *ro*ortional to the vertical and horizontal com*onents of the earth;s magnetic field 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !
980#. What is the advantage of the remote indicating com*ass 2slaved gyro com*ass6 over the direct reading magnetic com*ass? A )t is lighter ! )t is connected to a source of electrical *ower and so is more accurate $ )t senses the earth;s magnetic field rather than see=s it+ so is more sensitive % )t is not affected by aircraft deviation 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <#"&9. ?he main reason for mounting the detector unit of a remote reading com*ass in the wingti* of an aero*lane is( A to ensure that the unit is in the most accessible *osition on the aircraft for ease of maintenance ! by having detector units on both wingti*s+ to cancel out the deviation effects caused by the aircraft structure $ to minimise the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and electrical circuits % to ma8imise the units e8*osure to the earth;s magnetic field 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <#"#2. ?he sensitivity of a direct reading com*ass varies( A ! $ % inversely with the vertical com*onent of the earth;s magnetic directly with the horizontal com*onent of the earth;s magnetic field directly with the vertical com*onent of the earth;s magnetic field inversely with both vertical and horizontal com*onents of the earth;s magnetic field
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <6&00. )f com*ass -%@ is &"0o and deviation N&+ what is magnetic heading? A ! $ % %eviation is *lus therefore .ast+ so com*ass is least+ so magnetic is &"&o %eviation is *lus therefore West+ so com*ass is least+ so magnetic is &"&o %eviation is *lus therefore .ast+ so com*ass is best+ so magnetic is &&0o %eviation is *lus therefore .ast+ so com*ass is best+ so magnetic is &"&o
<6&08. )f true -%@ is <6#o and variation 1& what is magnetic heading? A Aariation is minus therefore West+ so magnetic is best+ so magnetic is <68o ! Aariation is minus therefore West+ so magnetic is least+ so magnetic is <62o $ Aariation is *lus therefore .ast+ so magnetic is best+ so magnetic is <62o % Aariation is *lus therefore .ast+ so magnetic is best+ so magnetic is <68o 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <6&09. )n still air+ you wish to fly a true of &<#o. Aariation is "oW. %eviation is 2o.. What $om*ass heading should you fly? A ! $ % &2< &<& &<0 &09
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2"0&". :agnetic com*ass calibration is carried out to reduce( A ! $ % deviation variation *aralla8 error acceleration errors
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2#<&2. Fou are in the northern hemis*here+ heading West+ and the aircraft is accelerating. Will a direct reading magnetic com*ass over1read or under1read and is the com*ass indicating a turn to the north or to the south( A ! $ % over1reads north over1 reads south under1reads north under1reads south
2#<99. $oncerning a %irect 'eading $om*ass in the 3orthern -emis*here+ it can be said( A En an easterly heading+ a lateral acceleration *roduces an a**arent turn to the 5outh ! En an easterly heading+ a longitudinal acceleration *roduces an a**arent turn to the 3orth $ En a westerly heading+ a lateral acceleration *roduces an a**arent turn to the 3orth % En a westerly heading+ a longitudinal acceleration *roduces an a**arent turn to the 5outh 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !
061-03
C.A-TS
061-03-01 General (ro(erties o) mis!ellaneo/s ty(es o) (ro0e!tions

8"&#. ?he standard *arallels of a /amberts conical orthomor*hic *ro>ection are 00o"03 and &8o203. ?he constant of the cone for this chart is( A ! $ % 0.60 0.&9 0.92 0."2
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8"&0. En a transverse :ercator chart+ the scale is e8actly correct along the( A ! $ % *rime meridian and the e7uator e7uator and *arallel of origin meridian of tangency and the *arallel of latitude *er*endicular to it meridians of tangency
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8"&9. En a /ambert $onformal $onic chart earth convergency is most accurately re*resented at the( A ! $ % north and south limits of the chart *arallel of origin standard *arallels e7uator
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8"#0. An Ebli7ue :ercator *ro>ection is used s*ecifically to *roduce( A ! $ % *lotting charts in e7uatorial regions radio navigational charts in e7uatorial regions to*ogra*hical ma*s of large east4west e8tent charts of the great circle route between two *oints
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l
Ans( % 8"6<. ?he main use for an Ebli7ue :ercator chart would be( A ! $ % for countries with large changes in latitude but small changes in longitude route charts for selected great circle routes better to*ogra*hical coverage of *olar regions to*ogra*hical coverage of e7uatorial regions
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8"6&. 5cale on a /amberts conformal chart is( A ! $ % constant along a *arallel of latitude constant along a meridian of longitude constant over the whole chart varies with latitude and longitude
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8"69. En a transverse :ercator chart+ with the e8ce*tion of the .7uator+ *arallels of latitude a**ear as( A ! $ % hy*erbolic lines straight lines elli*ses *arabolas
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8"90. ?he two standard *arallels of a conical /ambert *ro>ection are at 3<0o"0 and 3"<o20. ?he cone constant of this chart is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % 0.<8 0.90 0.66 0.""
8"9<. ?he constant of the cone+ on a /ambert chart where the convergence angle between longitudes 0<0o. and 0&0oW is &0o+ is( A ! $ % 0."0 0.0# 0.#0 0.6"
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8#02. ?he chart that is generally used for navigation in *olar areas is based on a( A ! $ % 5tereogra*hical *ro>ection %irect :ercator *ro>ection @nomonic *ro>ection /ambert conformal *ro>ection
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <099&. A :ercator chart has a scale at the e7uator G <(& 00" 000. What is the scale at latitude 60o 5? A ! $ % < ( < 8#2 000 < ( 0 "08 000 < ( & 208 000 < ( <8# 200
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <099". A /ambert conformal conic *ro>ection+ with two standard *arallels( A ! $ % shows lines of longitude as *arallel straight lines shows all great circles as straight lines the scale is only correct at *arallel of origin the scale is only correct along the standard *arallels
<"6#<. ?he convergence factor of a /ambert conformal conic chart is 7uoted as 0.08#&#. At what latitude on the chart is earth convergency correctly re*resented? A ! $ % &8o<# #<o"# #2o0# 80o&9
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <"6##. ?he nominal scale of a /ambert conformal conic chart is the( A ! $ % scale at the e7uator scale at the standard *arallels mean scale between *ole and e7uator mean scale between the *arallels of the secant cone
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <"669. ?he constant of cone of a /ambert conformal conic chart is 7uoted as 0.&9##. At what latitude on the chart is earth convergency correctly re*resented? A ! $ % 68o2# 2<o&# 2&o<8 66o"2
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <#"<&. En a direct :ercator *ro>ection+ the distance measured between two meridians s*aced #o a*art at latitude 60o3 is 8 cm. ?he scale of this chart at latitude 60o3 is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % < ( " 0#0 000 < ( 0 000 000 < ( 6 000 000 < ( & #00 000
<#"<0. At 60o 3 the scale of a direct :ercator chart is <( A ! $ % < ( & 000 000 < ( & #00 000 < ( < #00 000 < ( 6 000 000
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <#""0. ?ransverse :ercator *ro>ections are used for( A ! $ % ma*s of large north4south e8tent ma*s of large east4west e8tent in e7uatorial areas radio navigation charts in e7uatorial areas *lotting charts in e7uatorial areas
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <#"#6. A direct :ercator graticule is based on a *ro>ection that is( A ! $ % s*herical concentric cylindrical conical
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <#"#9. What is the value of the convergence factor on a Bolar 5tereogra*hic chart? A ! $ % 0.866 0.# 0.0 <.0
<6&<<. ?he .arth has been charted using( A ! $ % W@B8" W@58" @%8" @B58"
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2"000. A straight line is drawn on a /amberts conformal conic chart between two *ositions of different longitude. ?he angular difference between the initial true trac= and the final true trac= of the line is e7ual to( A ! $ % earth convergency chart convergency conversion angle difference in longitude
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2"022. -ow does the chart convergency change with latitude in a /ambert $onformal *ro>ection? A ! $ % )t changes with sine of latitude )t changes with cosine of latitude )t increases with increase of latitude )t is constant and does not change with latitude
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2"02&. -ow does the scale vary in a %irect :ercator chart? A ! $ % ?he scale increases with increasing distance from the .7uator ?he scale decreases with increasing distance from the .7uator ?he scale is constant ?he scale increases south of the .7uator and decreases north of the .7uator
2"0&0. En a chart a straight line is drawn between two *oints and has a length of ".6& cm. What is the chart scale if the line re*resents <#0 3:? A ! $ % < ( < 000 000 < ( 6 000 000 < ( & 000 000 < ( # 000 000
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2"0#". What is the constant of the cone for a /ambert conic *ro>ection whose standard *arallels are at #0o3 and 00o3? A ! $ % 0.#00 0.9"< 0.866 0.066
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2#2<6. )sogrivs on a chart indicate lines of( A ! $ % Lero magnetic variation .7ual magnetic ti* .7ual horizontal directive force .7ual grivation < min
061-03-02 -e(resentation o) meri ians1 (arallel1 *reat !ir!les , rh/m2 lines

8"#&. En a /ambert conformal conic chart the convergence of the meridians( A ! $ % is the same as earth convergency at the *arallel of origin is zero throughout the chart varies as the secant of the latitude e7uals earth convergency at the standard *arallels
8"##. En a %irect :ercator chart a great circle will be re*resented by a( A ! $ % com*le8 curve curve concave to the e7uator curve conve8 to the e7uator straight line
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8"0". En a %irect :ercator chart+ meridians are( A ! $ % inclined+ e7ually s*aced+ straight lines that meet at the nearer *ole *arallel+ e7ually s*aced+ vertical straight lines *arallel+ une7ually s*aced+ vertical straight lines inclined+ une7ually s*aced+ curved lines that meet at the nearer *ole
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8"06. ?he angular difference+ on a /ambert conformal conic chart+ between the arrival and de*arture trac= is e7ual to( A ! $ % ma* convergence earth convergence conversion angle difference in longitude
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8"9". En a %irect :ercator chart at latitude <#o5+ a certain length re*resents a distance of <20 3: on the earth. ?he same length on the chart will re*resent on the earth+ at latitude <0o3+ a distance of( A ! $ % <22.& 3: <<0.0 3: <2".2 3: <<8.2 3:
8"90. En a %irect :ercator chart at latitude of "#o3+ a certain length re*resents a distance of 90 3: on the earth. ?he same length on the chart will re*resent on the earth+ at latitude &0o3+ a distance of( A ! $ % "# 3: 0&.# 3: 08 3: <<0 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8#<<. ?he *arallels on a /ambert $onformal $onic chart are re*resented by( A ! $ % *arabolic lines straight lines arcs of concentric circles hy*erbolic lines
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8#<8. En a /ambert $onformal $onic chart great circles that are not meridians are( A ! $ % curves concave to the *arallel of origin straight lines curves concave to the *ole of *ro>ection straight lines within the standard *arallels
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8#2<. En a %irect :ercator chart+ a rhumb line a**ears as a( A ! $ % straight line small circle concave to the nearer *ole s*iral curve curve conve8 to the nearer *ole
8#22. En a %irect :ercator chart+ great circles are shown as( A ! $ % curves conve8 to the nearer *ole straight lines rhumb lines curves concave to the nearer *ole
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 98<0. A 'humb line is( A ! $ % the shortest distance between two *oints on a Bolyconic *ro>ection a line on the surface of the earth cutting all meridians at the same angle any straight line on a /ambert *ro>ection a line conve8 to the nearest *ole on a :ercator *ro>ection
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <09#6. Which one of the following+ concerning great circles on a %irect :ercator chart+ is correct? A ! $ % ?hey are all curves conve8 to the e7uator ?hey are all curves concave to the e7uator ?hey a**ro8imate to straight lines between the standard *arallels With the e8ce*tion of meridians and the e7uator+ they are curves concave to the e7uator
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <0900. -ow does scale change on a normal :ercator chart? A .8*ands as the secant2 2<42 co1latitude6 ! .8*ands directly with the secant of the latitude $ $orrect on the standard *arallels+ e8*ands outside them+ contracts within them % .8*ands as the secant of the .4W great circle distance 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !
<0998. Which one of the following describes the a**earance of rhumb lines+ e8ce*t meridians+ on a Bolar 5tereogra*hic chart? A ! $ % 5traight lines .lli*ses around the Bole $urves conve8 to the Bole $urves concave to the Bole
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <0999. A straight line on a /ambert $onformal Bro>ection chart for normal flight *lanning *ur*oses( A ! $ % can only be a *arallel of latitude is a /o8odromic line is a 'humb line is a**ro8imately a @reat $ircle
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <<0<<. En a /ambert chart 2standard *arallels &0o3 and 6#o36+ with res*ct to the straight line drawn on the ma* the between A 23"9o W0&0o6 and ! 23"8o W0"0o6+ the( A ! $ % great circle is to the north+ the rhumb line is to the south great circle and rhumb line are to the north great circle and rhumb line are to the south rhumb line is to the north+ the great circle is to the south
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <<0<&. Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the a**earance of great circles+ with the e8ce*tion of meridians+ on a Bolar 5tereogra*hic chart whose tangency is at the *ole? A ! $ % ?he higher the latitude the closer they a**ro8imate to a straight line Any straight line is a great circle ?hey are com*le8 curves that can be conve8 and4or concave to the Bole ?hey are curves conve8 to the Bole
<<0<8. En a %irect :ercator+ rhumb lines are( A ! $ % straight lines curves concave to the e7uator elli*ses curves conve8 to the e7uator
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <<020. En which of the following chart *ro>ections is it 3E? *ossible to re*resent the north or south *oles? A ! $ % /amberts conformal %irect :ercator ?ransverse :ercator Bolar stereogra*hic
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <"6#0. En a /ambert conformal conic chart+ with two standard *arallels+ the 7uoted scale is correct( A ! $ % along the *rime meridian along the two standard *arallels in the area between the standard *arallels along the *arallel of origin
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <#"<9. Barallels of latitude on a %irect :ercator chart are( A ! $ % *arallel straight lines e7ually s*aced arcs of concentric circles e7ually s*aced straight lines converging above the *ole *arallel straight lines une7ually s*aced
<#"##. ?he scale on a /ambert conformal conic chart( A ! $ % is constant along a meridian of longitude is constant across the whole ma* varies slightly as a function of latitude and longitude is constant along a *arallel of latitude
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <#"#8. En a /ambert conformal conic chart the distance between *arallels of latitude s*aced the same number of degrees a*art( A ! $ % e8*ands between+ and reduces outside+ the standard *arallels is constant throughout the chart reduces between+ and e8*ands outside+ the standard *arallels is constant between+ and e8*ands outside the standard *arallels
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <620<. What is the 'humb line 2'/6 direction from "#o3 <"o<2W to "#o3 <2o"8.? A ! $ % 200o 2?6 090o 2?6 090o 2:6 200o 2:6
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2"006. A rhumb line on a %irect :ercator chart a**ears as a( A ! $ % straight line com*le8 curve curve conve8 to the nearer *ole small circle concave to the nearer *ole
2"060. Where on a %irect :ercator *ro>ection is the chart convergency correct com*ared to the earth convergency? A ! $ % All over the chart At the two *arallels of tangency At the *oles At the e7uator
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2#<#&. ?he rhumb line distance between *oints $ 236000.0 .002<&.06 and % 2360000.0 W 000<&.06 is( A ! $ % &00 nm #20 nm <#0 nm 600 nm
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2#<9". An aircraft starts at *osition 0"<<.05 <08<2.2W and heads ?rue 3orth for 29#0nm+ then turns 90o left maintaining a rhumb line trac= for &<" =m. ?he aircraft;s final *osition is( A ! $ % ##00.03 <0"<2.2W "#00.03 <0"<2.2W ##00.03 <00<&.8. "#00.03 <00<&.8.
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2#20&. ?he a**earance of a rhumb line on a :ercator chart is( A ! $ % A small circle concave to the nearer *ole A straight line A s*iral curve A curved line
2#20". ?he distance on a /ambert;s chart+ between two *arallels of latitude the same number of degrees a*art( A ! $ % is constant all over the chart is constant between the 5tandard Barallels and e8*ands outside them .8*ands between the 5tandard Barallels+ but reduces outside them 'educes between the 5tandard Barallels+ but e8*ands outside them
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2#200. ?he scale 7uoted on a /amberts chart is( A ! $ % ?he scale at the 5tandard Barallels ?he scale at the .7uator ?he mean scale between the Bole and the .7uator ?he mean scale at the Barallel of the 5ecant of the $one
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2#2<2. En a conformal chart+ scale is( A ! $ % $onstant $onstant along a meridian of longitude Aariable( it varies as a function of latitude and longitude $onstant along a *arallel of latitude
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2#2<". En a ?ransverse :ercator chart scale is correct at( A ! $ % ?he <80o meridian ?he Dalse :eridian ?he @reat $ircle of ?angency ?he :eridian of ?angency
2#2<#. A *ilot navigates from A to ! on 0000.03 on a Bolar 5tereogra*hic chart. A is at 6000.0W+ ! is at 6000.0., the initial trac= at A is( A ! $ % 0&0o <#0o &#0o 2<0o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2#28#. Which of the following differences in latitude will give the biggest difference in the initial @reat $ircle trac= and the mean @reat $ircle trac= between two *oints se*arated by <0o change of longitude? A ! $ % 603 and 605 603 and ##3 &05 and &03 &05 and 2#5
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2#299. )n which of the following *ro>ections does a *lane surface touch the 'educed .arth at one of the Boles? A ! $ % @nomic 5tereogra*hic /ambert;s %irect :ercator
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2#&0#. En a Bolar 5tereogra*hic ma*+ a straight line is drawn from *osition A 2003 <02W6 to *osition ! 2803 006.6. ?he *oint of highest latitude along this line occurs at longitude 0&#W. What is the initial straight1line trac= angle from A to !+ measured at A? A ! $ % 0"9 000 229 02&
2##0#. ?he initial straight trac= from A 20#3 60.6 to ! 20#3 60W6 on a Bolar 5tereogra*hic chart is( A ! $ % 0&0o &60o 060o &&0o
061-03-03 The /se o) !/rrent aerona/ti!al !harts

8"28. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE' 3#2"&.& W008#&.< $E3 AE' 3#&#".8 W008"9.< Aircraft *osition 3#&&0 W00800. Which of the following lists two radials that are a**licable to the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 5-A 2<&o $E3 &<0o 5-A 0"2o $E3 <&8o 5-A 0&&o $E3 <&0o 5-A 22<o $E3 &<8o
'ef( all Ans( ! 8"29. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2lE6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE' 3#2"&.& W008#&.< $'H AE' 3#<#0." W00829.0 Aircraft *osition 3#220 W009<0 Which of the following lists two radials that are a**licable to the aircraft *osition( A ! $ % 5-A 02#o $'H <"<o 5-A 2<2o $'H &28o 5-A 20#o $'H &2<o 5-A 0&&o $'H <"9o
'ef( all Ans( !
8"&0. At 0020 C?$ an aircraft is crossing the &<0o radial at "0 3: of a AE'4%:. station. At 00&# C?$ the radial is 0"0o and %:. distance is "0 3:. :agnetic variation is zero. ?he true trac= and ground s*eed are( A ! $ % 080o 090o 08#o 088o 226 =t 2&2 =t 226 =t 2&2 =t
'ef( all Ans( $ 8"&<. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE'4%:. 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 'adial 02#o4"9 3: What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 3#&28 W00820 3#&&0 W008&0 3#<## W009<# 3#200 W092#
'ef( all Ans( ! 8"&&. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from $E3 AE'4%:. 23#&#".8 W008"9.<6 to *osition 3#"00 W00800? A ! $ % &20o 088o 09"o 260o 8 3: 29 3: 6" 3: &0 3:
'ef( all Ans( !
8"&". En /ambert $onformal chart the distance between meridians #o a*art along latitude &0o 3orth is 9 cm. ?he scale of the chart at that *arallel a**ro8imates( A ! $ % < ( & 0#0 000 < ( # 000 000 < ( 2 000 000 < ( 6 000 000
'ef( all Ans( ! 8"&6. A straight line is drawn on a 3orth Bolar 5tereogra*hic chart >oining Boint A 200003 06000W6 to Boint ! 200003 06000.6. What is the initial trac= direction 2going eastwards6 of the line at A? A ! $ % 090 ? 0&0 ? <20 ? &&0 ?
'ef( all Ans( ! 8"&8. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart 2.2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from !./ AE'4%:. 23#"&9.0 W006<&.86 to *osition 3#"<0 W000<0? A ! $ % 22&o 2&6o &20o &&&o &6 3: "" 3: "" 3: &6 3:
'ef( all Ans( !
8""0. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 Which of the following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at *osition 3#&<8.0 W00626.9? A ! $ % AE'( %:.( danger area $ivil air*ort( AE'( %:. :ilitary air*ort( AE'( 3%! :ilitary air*ort( AE'( %:.
'ef( all Ans( % 8""<. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( $'H AE'4%:. 23#<#0." W00829.06 Herry aerodrome 23#2<0.9 W009&<."6 What is the $'H radial and %:. distance when overhead Herry aerodrome? A ! $ % &00o <<9o <20o 299o "& 3: "" 3: "# 3: "2 3:
'ef( all Ans( A 8""2. En a :ercator chart+ at latitude 60o3+ the distance measured between W002o and .008ois 20 cm. ?he scale of this chart at latitude 60o3 is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % < ( # #60 000 < ( 208 000 < ( 080 000 < ( ##6 000
'ef( all Ans( $
8""&. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE'4%:. 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 !irr aerodrome 23#&0" W000#"6 What is the 5-A radial and %:. distance when overhead !irr aerodrome? A ! $ % 068o 2"8o 060o 2"0o "< 3: "2 3: "2 3: "< 3:
'ef( all Ans( A 8""". En a :ercator chart+ the scale( A ! $ % varies as <4cosine of latitude 2<4cosineGsecant6 varies as the sine of the latitude is constant throughout the chart varies as Q cosine of the co1latitude
'ef( all Ans( A 8""6. An aircraft starts at *osition 0"<05 <0822W and heads true north for 29#0 nm+ then turns 90 degrees left+ and maintains a rhumb line trac= for &<" =ilometers. What is its final *osition? A ! $ % ##003 <0"22W "#003 <0"22W ##003 <00&8. "#003 <00&8.
'ef( all Ans( %
8""0. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o?6 and distance between $'3 3%! 23#&<8.< W008#6.#6 and .H3 3%! 23#"2&.6 W000&8.06? A ! $ % 0""o 0"2o 0&6o 0&#o 82 3: 8& 3: 8< 3: 80 3:
'ef( all Ans( % 8""8. @iven( %irect :ercator chart with a scale of <( 200 000 at e7uator $hart length from A to !+ in the vicinity of the e7uator+ << cm What is the a**ro8imate distance from A to !? A ! $ % 2< 3: <2 3: 22 3: <" 3:
'ef( all Ans( ! 8""9. @iven that( A is 3## .4W 000 ! is 3#" . 0<0 )f the true great circle trac= from A to ! is <00?+ what is the true 'humb /ine trac= at A? A ! $ % 096 <00 <0" <00
'ef( all Ans( $
8"#<. 2'efer to figure 06<1<06 What are the average magnetic course and distance between *osition 36000 W02000 and 5umburg AE' 23#9## W 00<<#6? A ! $ % <0#o 09<o 09<o <0#o #62 3: "80 3: #62 3: "80 3:
'ef( all Ans( A 8"#2. En a Bolar 5tereogra*hic chart+ the initial great circle course from A 00o3 060oW to ! 00o3 060o. is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % 0&0o 2?6 &&0o 2?6 <#0o 2?6 2<0o 2?6
'ef( all Ans( A 8"#". 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE' 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 %:. #0 3: $'H AE' 23#<#0." W00829.06 %:. "< 3: Aircraft heading 200o2:6 !oth %:. distances increasing What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 3#2<# W000"# 3#2<# W009"0 3#200 W009&# 3#2&# W000#0
'ef( all Ans( $
8"#6. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o?6 and distance between !A/ AE' 23#&<8.0 W00626.96 and $D3 3%! 23##02.6 W00820."6? A ! $ % &&#o &20o &2#o &20o <28 3: <2" 3: <26 3: <20 3:
'ef( all Ans( ! 8"#8. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 Which of the following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at *osition 3#&<8.< W008#6.#? A ! $ % $ivil air*ort( AE'( %:.( non1com*ulsory re*orting *oint AE'( %:.( 3%!( com*ulsory re*orting *oint $ivil air*ort( 3%!( %:.( non1com*ulsory re*orting *oint AE'( %:.( 3%!( com*ulsory re*orting *oint
'ef( all Ans( $ 8"#9. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE' 3#2"&.& W008#&.< $E3 AE' 3#&#".8 W008"9.< Aircraft *osition 3#&20 W009#0 Which of the following lists two radials that are a**licable to the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 5-A &2#o $E3 2&#o 5-A <&0o $E3 0"6o 5-A &<0o $E3 226o 5-A <"#o $E3 0##o
'ef( all Ans( A
8"62. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE' 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 radial <29o $'H AE' 23#<#0." W00829.06 radial 0"0o What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 3#20# W000## 3#2<# W000## 3#2<0 W000#0 3#220 W000#0
'ef( all Ans( % 8"6#. @iven( $hart scale is <( 8#0 000 ?he chart distance between two *oints is " centimetres .arth distance is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % " 3: 0" 3: <00 3: "0 3:
'ef( all Ans( % 8"60. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What feature is shown on the chart at *osition 3#&#< W0090<0? A ! $ % $onnaught aerodrome $astlebar aerodrome $onnemara aerodrome !rittas !ay aerodrome
'ef( all Ans( !
8"68. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o:6 and distance between $'3 3! 23#&<8.< W008#6.#6 and !./ AE' 23#"&9.0 W006<&.86? A ! $ % 229o 089o 0#0o 2&0o <2# 3: 9# 3: <26 3: <&0 3:
'ef( all Ans( $ 8"00. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o:6 and distance between H.' 3%! 23#2<0.9 W009&<.#6 and $'3 3%! 23#&<8.< W008#6.#6? A ! $ % 02#o <90o 20#o 0<0o 00 3: 0< 3: 0< 3: 00 3:
'ef( all Ans( A 8"0<. En a direct :ercator *ro>ection+ at latitude "#o 3orth+ a certain length re*resents 00 3:. At latitude &0o 3orth+ the same length re*resents a**ro8imately( A ! $ % #0 3: 86 3: 00 3: 8< 3:
'ef( all Ans( !
8"02. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE'4%:. 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 'adial <6#o4&6 3: What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 3#2<0 W008&0 3#208 W008"0 3#&<# W009<# 3#&<0 W00908
'ef( all Ans( A 8"0&. A**ro8imately how many nautical miles corres*ond to <2 cm on a ma* with a scale of <( 200 000? A ! $ % <&0 <#0 &29 "&
'ef( all Ans( A 8"08. A course of <20o2?6 is drawn between K26<o&036 and F2#8o&036 on a /ambert $onformal conic chart with a scale of <( < 000 000 at 60o3. ?he chart distance between K and F is( A ! $ % &&." cm 66.0 cm &8.# cm &6.0 cm
'ef( all Ans( !
8"8<. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE' 3#2"&.& W008#&.< $'H AE' 3#<#0." W00829.0 Aircraft *osition 3#2&0 W00820 Which of the following lists two radials that are a**licable to the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 5-A <&<o $'H 0<0o 5-A &0"o $'H <89o 5-A &<2o $'H <90o 5-A <2"o $'H 009o
'ef( all Ans( A 8"82. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( $'3 AE' 23#&<8.< W008#6.#6 %:. <8 3: 5-A AE' 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 %:. &0 3: Aircraft heading 200o2:6 !oth %:. distances decreasing What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 3#2#2 W0092& 3#&<0 3008&0 3#&00 W0092& 3#&## W0082#
'ef( all Ans( !
8"8&. En a chart+ the distance along a meridian between latitudes "#o3 and "6o3 is 6 cm. ?he scale of the chart is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % < ( < 000 000 < ( 8#0 000 < ( <8# 000 < ( <8 #00 000
'ef( all Ans( ! 8"8". ?he following way*oints are entered into an inertial navigation system 2)356 WB? <( 603 &0W WB? 2( 603 20W WB? &( 603 <0W ?he intertial navigation is connected to the automatic *ilot on the route WB<1 WB21WB&. ?he trac= change on *assing WB?( A ! $ % < 9 deg increase < " deg decrease zero a 9 deg decrease
'ef( all Ans( % 8"8#. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE' 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 radial 20#o $'H AE' 2#<#0." W00829.06 radial &<0o What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 3#2<0 W009<0 3#<<8 W009<& 3#20# W009<# 3#2<# W009<0
'ef( all Ans( A
8"86.2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent manual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What feature is shown on the chart at *osition 35&<< W006&0? A ! $ % $lonbullogue aerodrome $onnemara aerodrome H.''F4Darranfore aerodrome Bunchestown aerodrome
'ef( all Ans( % 8"80. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from $'H AE'4%:. 23#<#0." W00829.06 to *osition 3#<"0 W000&0? A ! $ % <06o <0"o 29&o <<&o &8 3: 06 3: &9 3: &8 3:
'ef( all Ans( % 8"88. ?he chart distance between meridians <0o a*art at latitude 6#o 3orth is &.0# inches. ?he chart scale at this latitude a**ro8imates( A ! $ % < ( 6 000 000 < ( # 000 000 < ( 2 #00 000 < ( & 000 000
'ef( all Ans( !
8"89. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart 2.2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 Which of the following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at *osition 3#<#0." W00829.0? A ! $ % $ivil air*ort( AE'( non1com*ulsory re*orting *oint $ivil air*ort( AE'( %:.( com*ulsory re*orting *oint AE'( %:.( 3%!( com*ulsory re*orting *oint AE'( %:.( 3%!( )/5
'ef( all Ans( ! 8"92. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What feature is shown on the chart at *osition 3#2<2 W006<2? A ! $ % ?C5HA' 'E$H /?.-. 3%! W?% 3%! H.''F4Darranfore aerodrome $lonbullogue aerodrome
'ef( all Ans( A 8"9#. An aircraft at *osition 60003 00#22W5 flies <6# =m due .ast. What is the new *osition? A ! $ % 60003 00820. 60003 0022"W5 60003 00<08. 60003 00<08W
'ef( all Ans( !
8"96. ?wo *ositions *lotted on a *olar stereogra*hic chart+ A 280o3 000o6 and ! 200o3 <02oW6 are >oined by a straight line whose highest latitude is reached at 0&#oW. At *oint !+ the true course is( A ! $ % 2"0o 02&o 20&o &0#o
'ef( all Ans( $ 8"98. @iven( An aircraft is flying a trac= of 2##o2:6. At 22#" C?$+ it crosses radial &60o from a AE' station. At 2&00 C?$+ it crosses radial &&0o from the same station. At 2&00 C?$+ the distance between the aircraft and the station is( A ! $ % the same as it was at 22#" C?$ greater than it was at 22#" C?$ randomly different that it was at 22#" C?$ less than it was at 22#" C?$
'ef( all Ans( A 8"99. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o?6 and distance between W?% 3%! 23#2<<.& W0000#.06 and DEF 3%! 23#2&".0 W009<<.06? A ! $ % 00#o 29"o 286o 200o 8< 3: 80 3: 8< 3: 8& 3:
'ef( all Ans( $
8#00. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from $E3 AE'4%:. 23#&#".8 W008"9.<6 to *osition 3#"&0 W00900? A ! $ % 0"9o 2<"o &#8o <69o "# 3: 26 3: &6 3: &# 3:
'ef( all Ans( $ 8#0<. @iven( Way*oint <.60o5 0&0oW Way*oint 2.60o5 020oW What will be the a**ro8imate latitude shown on the dis*lay unit of an inertial navigation system at longitude 02#oW? A ! $ % 060o <<;5 0#9o "9;5 060o 00;5 060o 06;5
'ef( all Ans( % 8#0&. En a chart+ "9 nautical miles is re*resented by 0.0 centimetres. What is the scale? A ! $ % <4000+000 Q+0<#+&96 <4<+296+"00 <4<+<#6+600
'ef( all Ans( $
8#06. 2refer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from 5-A AEA4%:. 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 to *osition 3#2<0 W00920? A ! $ % &"6o &#"o <98o 2<"o &" 3: &" 3: &0 3: &0 3:
'ef( all Ans( % 8#00. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE' 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 radial <"&o $'H AE' 23#<#0." W00829.06 radial 0#0o What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 3#20# W0080# 3#<## W008<0 3#2<0 W00800 3#200 W00800
'ef( all Ans( $ 8#<0. ?he distance measured between two *oints on a navigation ma* is "2 mm 2millimetres6. ?he scale of the chart is <(< 600 000. ?he actual distance between these two *oints is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % &.69 3: &00.00 3: 60.20 3: &6.&0 3:
'ef( all Ans( %
8#<&. What is the chart distance between longitudes <09o. and <0#oW on a direct :ercator chart with a scale of <(# 000 000 at the e7uator? A ! $ % <&& mm <06 mm <60 mm 02 mm
'ef( all Ans( A 8#<". 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from $'H AE'4%:. 23#<#0." W00829.06 to *osition 3#2&0 W000#0? A ! $ % 0&9o 02"o 02&o 0<0o "8 3: "& 3: "8 3: "& 3:
'ef( all Ans( A 8#<#. An aircraft is at ##&03 0&6<&W where the variation is <#W. )t is tuned to a AE' located at #&&03 0&6<&W where the variation is <2W. What AE' radial is the aircraft on? A ! $ % &"8 0<2 <6# 0<#
'ef( all Ans( !
8#<6. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE' 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 radial <20o $'H AE' 23#<#0." W00829.06 radial 0&&o What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 3#2&0 W00800 3#22# W0080# 3#220 W000#0 3#2"0 W000#0
'ef( all Ans( A 8#<9. A chart has the scale <( < 000 000. Drom A to ! on the chart measures <.# inches 2one inch e7uals 2.#" centimetres6+ the distance from A to ! in 3: is( A ! $ % "".# &8.< 20.6 #".2
'ef( all Ans( $ 8#20. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from $'H AE'4%:. 23#<#0." W00829.06 to *osition 3#220 W008<0? A ! $ % 0"8o 0&0o 0<"o 220o "0 3: && 3: && 3: "0 3:
'ef( all Ans( !
8#2". 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o:6 and distance between W?% 3%! 23#2<<.& W0000#.06 and H.' 3%! 23#2<0.9 W009&<.#6? A ! $ % 200o 090o 208o 098o 89 3: 9< 3: 90 3: 90 3:
'ef( all Ans( $ 8#2#. A straight line drawn on a chart measures ".6& cm and re*resents <#0 3:. ?he chart scale is( A ! $ % < ( & 000 000 < ( 6 000 000 < ( # 000 000 < ( < 000 000
'ef( all Ans( ! 90"<. 'oute A 2""o3 026o.6 to ! 2"6o3 02"o.6 forms an angle of &#o with longitude 026o.. Average magnetic variation between A and ! is &o.. What is the average magnetic course from A to !? A ! $ % &22o &28o 0&2o 0&8o
'ef( all Ans( A
90#<. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE' 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 %:. "< 3: $'H AE' 23#<#0." W00829.06 %:. &0 3: Aircraft heading 200o2:6 !oth %:. distances decreasing What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 1 3#22# W008<0 3#20# W009<# 3#2<# W0080# 3#2<# W009<#
'ef( all Ans( $ 98<0. # hours 20 minutes and 20 seconds hours time difference is e7uivalent to which change of longitude( A ! $ % 8<o &0 08o <# 09o <0 80o 0#
'ef( all Ans( % <020#. An aircraft flies a great circle trac= from #6o 3 000o W to 62o 3 <<0o .. ?he total distance travelled is( A ! $ % 20"0 3: <088 3: #"20 3: &020 3:
'ef( all Ans( %
<09##. An aircraft de*arts a *oint 0"003 <0000W and flies 600 nm 5outh+ followed by 600 nm .ast+ then 600 nm 3orth+ then 600 nm West. What is its final *osition? A ! $ % 0"003 <0000W 06005 <0000W 0"003 <69#8.<W 0"003 <000<.8W
'ef( all Ans( $ <09#0. A /ambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0.80. A straight line course drawn on this chart from A 2#&o3 00"oW6 to ! is 080o at A, course at ! is 092o2?6. What is the longitude of !? A ! $ % 0<<o. 009o&6. 008o. 0<9o.
'ef( all Ans( A <09#9. En a *olar stereogra*hic *ro>ection chart showing the 5outh *ole+ a straight line >oins *osition A 200o5 06#o.6 to *osition ! 200o5 02#oW6. ?he true course on de*arture from *osition A is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % 2#0o 22#o <&#o &<#o
'ef( all Ans( !
<096<. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE'4%:. 23#2"&.& W0008#&.<6 'adial <20o4&# 3: What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 3#2&0 W00800 3#&00 W009"# 3#22# W0080# 3#2#0 W009#0
'ef( all Ans( A <0962. Assume a :ercator chart. ?he distance between *ositions A and ! located on the same *arallel and <0o longitude a*art+ is 6 cm. ?he scale at the *arallel is <( 9 260 000. What is the latitude of A and !? A ! $ % "#o 3 or 5 &0o 3 or 5 0o 60o 3 or 5
'ef( all Ans( % <096&. @iven( :agnetic heading &<<o %rift angle <0o left 'elative bearing of 3%! 200o What is the magnetic bearing of the 3%! measured from the aircraft? A ! $ % 2<<o 208o 22<o <80o
'ef( all Ans( $
<096". 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from 5-A AE'4%:. 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 to *osition 3#&<0 W008&0? A ! $ % 0<9o 000o 200o 0&#o &< 3: #8 3: &< 3: &0 3:
'ef( all Ans( % <096#. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 At *osition #2<<3 009&<W+ which of the following denotes all the symbols? A ! $ % :ilitary air*ort+ )/5+ 3%! $ivil air*ort+ AE'+ )/5 :ilitary air*ort+ AE'+ )/5 $ivil air*ort+ )/5+ 3%!
'ef( all Ans( % <0960. A straight line on a chart ".89 cm long re*resents <8# 3:. ?he scale of this chart is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % < ( # 000 000 < ( & #00 000 < ( 6 000 000 < ( 0 000 000
'ef( all Ans( %
<0969. 2'efer to figure 06<1<06 What are the average magnetic course and distance between )3@E AE' 236&#0 W0<6"06 and 5umburg AE' 23#9## W 00<<#6? A ! $ % <&<o <<8o <<0o <&0o "9" 3: ""0 3: "9" 3: ""0 3:
'ef( all Ans( A <0902. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from $E3 AE'4%:. 23#&#".8 W008"9.<6 to *osition 3#&"0 W008206? A ! $ % &<<o <<9o <"0o 2"0o 22 3: "2 3: 2& 3: 2" 3:
'ef( all Ans( $ <090&. En a *articular %irect :ercator wall chart+ the <80W to <80. *arallel of latitude at #&3 is <&& cm long. What is the scale of the chart at &05? A ! $ % < ( & 000 000 < ( <8 000 000 < ( 2< 000 000 < ( 2# 000 000
'ef( all Ans( %
<090". 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o?6 and distance between 5/@ 3%! 23#"<6.0 W008&6.06 and $D3 3%! 23##02.6 W00820."6? A ! $ % <9<o 020o &"8o 0<<o "# 3: "6 3: "6 3: "0 3:
'ef( all Ans( % <090#. ?he total length of the #&o3 *arallel of latitude on a direct :ercator chart is <&& cm. What is the a**ro8imate scale of the chart at latitude &0o5? A ! $ % < ( 2# 000 000 < ( &0 000 000 < ( <8 000 000 < ( 2< 000 000
'ef( all Ans( A <0906. )n a navigation chart a distance of "9 3: is e7ual to 0 cm. ?he scale of the chart is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % < ( <&0 000 < ( 000 000 < ( < &00 000 < ( 0 000 000
'ef( all Ans( $ <0900. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o?6 and distance between W?% 3%! 23#2<<.& W0000#.06 and 5/@ 3%! 23#"<6.0 W008&6.06? A ! $ % &""o &&6o <#6o <6"o <&9 3: <&0 3: <&6 3: <&8 3:
'ef( all Ans( !
<0908. A /ambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0.0#. ?he initial course of a straight line trac= drawn on this chart from A 2"0o3 0#0oW6 to ! is 0"&o2?6 at A, course at ! is 0##o2?6. What is the longitude of !? A ! $ % "<oW &6oW &8oW &"oW
'ef( all Ans( % <0980. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o?6 and distance between $E3 AE' 23#&#".8 W008"9.<6 and !./ AE' 23#"&9.0 W006<&.86? A ! $ % 29&o 00<o <<&o 06&o 98 3: <00 3: 90 3: <0< 3:
'ef( all Ans( % <098<. At latitude 60o3 the scale of a :ercator *ro>ection is <(# 000 000. ?he length on the chart between $ 360o W008o and % 360o W008o is( A ! $ % <9.2 cm <6.2 cm &#.6 cm <0.8 cm
'ef( all Ans( %
<098&. At "0o 3orth the chart distanced between meridians <0o a*art is # inches. ?he scale of the chart at "0o 3orth a**ro8imates( A ! $ % <( 2 #00 000 < ( 8 000 000 < ( & 000 000 < ( 6 000 000
'ef( all Ans( % <098". 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE'4%:. 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 $onnemara aerodrome 23#&<" W009286 What is the 5-A radial and %:. distance when overhead $onnemara aerodrome? A ! $ % &&&o <#"o &26o <"6o &0 3: &8 3: &0 3: &8 3:
'ef( all Ans( A <0980. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o:6 and distance between W?% 3%! 23#2<<.& W0000#.06 and !A/ AE' 23#&<8.0 W500626.96? A ! $ % 206o 0<8o 026o <98o 0< 3: <#& 3: 0< 3: 02 3:
'ef( all Ans( $
<0988. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from 5-A AE'4%:. 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 to *osition 3#220 W008<0? A ! $ % <&9o <29o <&2o 2<2o &# 3: "6 3: &6 3: 26 3:
'ef( all Ans( A <0989. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= and distance between !A/ AE' 23#&<8.0 W00626.96 and $'3 3%! 23#&<8.< W008#6.#6? A ! $ % 208o 200o 268o 202o 89 3: 90 3: 9< 3: 89 3:
'ef( all Ans( ! <0990. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 Which of the following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at *osition 3#"<6.0 W008&6.0? A ! $ % AE'+ %:.+ 3%! non1com*ulsory re*orting *oint AE'+ %:.+ 3%!+ com*ulsory re*orting *oint civil air*ort+ AE'+ %:.+ non1com*ulsory re*orting *oint civil air*ort+ 3%!+ %:.+ com*ulsory re*orting *oint
'ef( all Ans( %
<099<.2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from !./ AE'4%:. 23#"&9.0 W006<&.86 to *osition 3#""0 W000&0? A ! $ % 090o 208o 208o 098o "6 3: "" 3: <0 3: "# 3:
'ef( all Ans( ! <0992. Way*oint < is 603 &0W. Way*oint 2 is 603 20W. ?he aircraft auto*ilot is cou*led to the )35 steer. What is the latitude on *assing 2#W? A ! $ % 600#3 60<<3 60&23 #9"9:
'ef( all Ans( A <0990. Bosition A is at 005 0&0W+ *osition ! is 005 060.. What is the @reat $ircle trac= of ! from A+ measured at A? A ! $ % <&2? 0"8? 090? 228?
'ef( all Ans( A <<000. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from $E3 AE'4%:. 23#&#".8 W008"9.<6 to *osition 3#&&0 W009&0? A ! $ % <6#o 2&&o &&#o 02#o 20 3: &# 3: "& 3: &8 3:
'ef( all Ans( !
<<00<. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 Which of the following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at *osition 3#2<< W0000#? A ! $ % 3%!( )/5 AE'( 3%! civil air*ort( )/5 civil air*ort( 3%!
'ef( all Ans( % <<002. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from !./ AE'4%:. 23#"&9.0 W006<&.86 to *osition 3##00 W00000? A ! $ % <26o 296o &<#o 222o && 3: 6# 3: &" 3: "8 3:
'ef( all Ans( $ <<00". 2'efer to figure 06<1<06 What are the initial true course and distance between *ositions 3#800 W0<&00 and 36600 .00200? A ! $ % 0&2o 029o 0"2o 0&6o "00 3: #00 3: 6&# 3: 6&8 3:
'ef( all Ans( %
<<00#. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE'4%:. 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 'adial 2&2o4&2 3: What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 3#&0& W008<0 3#&0# W008<# 3#228 W009&# 3#220 W009&0
'ef( all Ans( % <<000. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from 5-A AE'4%:. 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 to *osition 3#&00 W009"0? A ! $ % 0#0o &09o 29&o &2"o 20 3: && 3: && 3: <0 3:
'ef( all Ans( ! <<009. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE' 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 radial 22&o $'H AE' 2#<#0." W00829.06 radial &22o What is the aircraft *osition( A ! $ % 3#220 W00920 3#2&0 W009<0 3#2<0 W009<0 3#2<0 W009&0
'ef( all Ans( A
<<0<". An aircraft at latitude 02203 trac=s <80? for 68# =ilometres. What is its latitude at the end of the flight? A ! $ % 0&#05 02#05 02<05 08#05
'ef( all Ans( A <<0<#. $ontour lines on aeronautical ma*s and charts connect *oints( A ! $ % of e7ual latitude with the same variation having the same longitude having the same elevation above sea level
'ef( all Ans( % <<0<6. 2'efer to figure 06<1<06 An aircraft on radial &<#o at a range of <#0 3: from :F@@.3.5 3%! 236206 W000&26 is at *osition? A ! $ % 36&20 W0<20# 36020 W00"0# 36&"# W0<<2# 360"0 W00&20
'ef( all Ans( A <<0<0. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What feature is shown on the chart at *osition 3#2<< W009&<? A ! $ % H.''F4Darranfore aerodrome Waterford 3%! $onnemara aerodrome Bunchestown aerodrome
'ef( all Ans( A
<<0<9. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( $E3 AE'4%:. 2#&#".8 W008"9.<6 $astlebar aerodrome 23#&#< W009<06 What is the $E3 radial and %:. distance when overhead $astlebar aerodrome A ! $ % 26#o 000o 2#0o 086o <0 3: <8 3: <0 3: <8 3:
'ef( all Ans( A <<02<. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What feature is shown on the chart at *osition 3#"<0 W0<00#? A ! $ % $ammore aerodrome !elmullet aerodrome .A@/. )5/A3% /?.-. 3%! $lonbullogue aerodrome
'ef( all Ans( $ <<02&. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( $'3 AE' 23#&<8.< W008#6.#6 %:. &" 3: 5-A AE' 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 %:. 26 3: Aircraft heading 090o2:6 !oth %:. distances increasing What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 3#2## W008<# 3#2#0 W00&0 3#&0# W009&0 3#&<0 W00820
'ef( all Ans( A
2<"#<. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE'4%:. 23#2"&.& W008#&.<6 radial 0"8o422 3: What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 3#228 00920 3#&00 W08&0 3#2#8 W0082# 3#22# W009<0
'ef( all Ans( ! 2<"#2. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( 5-A AE' 3#2"&.& W008#&.< $'H AE' 3#<#0." W00829.0 Aircraft *osition 3#2&0 W009&0 Which of the following lists two radials that are a**licable to the aircraft *osition? A 5-A 068o $'H <"#o ! 5-A 060o $'H <&8o $ 5-A 2"0o $'H <&0o % 5-A 2"8o $'H &2#o 'ef( all Ans( % 2<"#". 2'efer to figure 06<1096 At <2<# C?$ /A9.5 AE'?A$ 2&8o "6;3 020o 0#;W6 ':) reads <08o+ range <&# 3:. $alculate the aircraft *osition at <2<# C?$( A ! $ % "<o 00;3 028o <0;W "<o 0#;3 020o #0;W "0o ##;3 020o ##;W "0o #0;3 020o "0;W
'ef( all Ans( $
2<668. 2'efer to figure 06<1006 Assume a 3orth *olar stereogra*hic chart whose grid is aligned with the @reenwich meridian. An aircraft flies from the geogra*hic 3orth *ole for a distance of "80 3: along the <<0o. meridian+ then follows a grid trac= of <#"o for a distance of &00 3:. )ts *osition is now a**ro8imately( A ! $ % 00o <#;3 080o . 80o 00;3 080o. 08o "#;3 080o. 09o <#;3 00"o.
'ef( all Ans( ! 2<669. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 @iven( $E3 AE'4%:. 23#&#".8 W008"9.<6 Abbey 5hrule aerodrome 23#&&# W000&96 What is the $E3 radial and %:. distance when overhead Abbey 5hrule aerodrome? A ! $ % 296o &0"o <2"o <<6o "6 3: "0 3: "6 3: "0 3:
'ef( all Ans( $ 2<60<. 2'efer to figure 06<1<06 An aircraft on radial <<0o at a range of <20 3: from 5AKAAE'% AE' 2360#0 W000#06 is at *osition( A ! $ % 36<20 W00""& 360<0 .002## 36<09 .002## 36020 .00&00
'ef( all Ans( %
2<602. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o?6 and distance between 5-A AE' 23#2"&.& W0008#&.<6 and $E3 AE' 2#&#".8 W008"9.<6? A ! $ % 0<0o &#8o 006o 002o 0< 3: 02 3: 0< 3: 02 3:
'ef( all Ans( % 2<60". 2'efer to figure 06<1066 $om*lete line # of the JD/)@-? 3AA)@A?)E3 /E@; *ositions J9; to JH;. What is the -%@o 2:6 and .?A? A ! $ % -%@ &&0o -%@ &20o -%@ &&0o -%@ &20o .?A <"22 C?$ .?A <"<2 C?$ .?A <&22 C?$ .?A <"&2 C?$
'ef( all Ans( A 2<60#. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o:6 and distance between !A/ AE' 23#&<8.0 W00626.96 and 5/@ 3%! 23#"<6.0 W008&6.06? A ! $ % 262o <28o &08o &<6o 86 3: 99 3: 98 3: 96 3:
'ef( all Ans( %
2<606. 2'efer to figure 06<1066 $om*lete line " of the JD/)@-? 3AA)@A?)E3 /E@; *ositions J@; to J-;. What is the -%@o 2:6 and .?A? A ! $ % -%@ &""o -%@ &""o -%@ &#"o -%@ 0&"o .?A <&0& C?$ .?A <&&6 C?$ .?A <&26 C?$ .?A <&&6 C?$
'ef( all Ans( ! 2<600. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from $'H AE'4%:. 23#<#0." W500829.06 to *osition 3#2<0 W00920? A ! $ % &#0o 29#o <00o &<<o 22 3: &8 3: 22 3: &8 3:
'ef( all Ans( % 2<608. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o:6 and distance between 'H AE' 23#<#0." W00829.06 and $'3 3%! 23#&<8.< W008#6.#6? A ! $ % <00o &#0o <69o &"9o 92 3: 89 3: 9< 3: 90 3:
'ef( all Ans( !
2<609. 2'efer to figure 06<10&6 Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a AE'4%:.? A ! $ % & < " 0
'ef( all Ans( ! 2<68&. 2'efer to figure 06<10&6 Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a %:.? A ! $ % 2 < 6 &
'ef( all Ans( A 2<68". 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the average trac= 2o:6 and distance between $'3 3%! 23#&<8.< 008#6.#6 and W?% 3%! 23#2<<.4& W0000#.06? A ! $ % <&#o &22o <"2o &<#o 96 3: 9# 3: 9# 3: 9" 3:
'ef( all Ans( $
2<68#. 2'efer to figure 06<10&6 Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a AE'? A ! $ % < 2 & 0
'ef( all Ans( $ 2<686. 2'efer to figure 06<10&6 Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates an 3%!? A ! $ % # " 2 &
'ef( all Ans( ! 2<680. 2'efer to figure 06<10&6 Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a basic+ non1s*ecified+ navigation aid? A ! $ % # " 2 6
'ef( all Ans( A
2<688. 2'efer to figure 06<10&6 Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a AE'?A$? A ! $ % 6 0 & #
'ef( all Ans( ! 2<689. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a flight )nformation 'egion 2D)'6 boundary? A ! $ % < & " #
'ef( all Ans( A 2<690. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a $ontrol Lone boundary? A ! $ % 2 & " #
'ef( all Ans( !
2<69<. 2'efer to figure 06<10&6 Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a ?A$A3? A ! $ % 6 0 & <
'ef( all Ans( A 2<69&. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a grou* of unlighted obstacles? A ! $ % 9 <0 << <2
'ef( all Ans( $ 2<69". 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a grou* of lighted obstacles? A ! $ % 9 <0 << <2
'ef( all Ans( %
2<69#. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates an e8ce*tionally high unlighted obstacle? A ! $ % <& 6 9 <2
'ef( all Ans( A 2<696. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates an e8ce*tionally high lighted obstacle? A ! $ % <" <& <2 <6
'ef( all Ans( A 2<690. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 What is the meaning of aeronautical chart symbol number <6? A ! $ % 5hi*wrec= showing above the surface at low tide Eff1shore lighthouse /ightshi* Eff1shore helico*ter landing *latform
'ef( all Ans( $
2<698. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a lightshi*? A ! $ % <2 <0 <# <6
'ef( all Ans( % 2<00<. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a lighted obstacle? A ! $ % 9 <0 <# <6
'ef( all Ans( ! 2<00&. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates an unlighted obstacle? A ! $ % 9 <0 8 <#
'ef( all Ans( A 2<00". 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a Way*oint? A ! $ % <# 6 0 8
'ef( all Ans( %
2<00#. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a com*ulsory re*orting *oint? A ! $ % 8 <# 6 0
'ef( all Ans( % 2<006. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a non1com*ulsory re*orting *oint? A ! $ % <# 6 0 8
'ef( all Ans( ! 2<000. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates the boundary of advisory airs*ace? A ! $ % 2 & " #
'ef( all Ans( % 2<008. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates an uncontrolled route? A ! $ % & " # 2
'ef( all Ans( !
2"000. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 What is the meaning of aeronautical chart symbol number <#? A ! $ % Aeronautical ground light Aisual reference *oint -azard to aerial navigation /ighthouse
'ef( all Ans( A 2"00<. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates an aeronautical ground light? A ! $ % <" <6 <0 <#
'ef( all Ans( % 2#<89. %etermine the distance between *oints A 23"#00.0 .0<000.06 and ! 23"#00.0 W00#00.06 is( A ! $ % &00 nm 6&6." nm 900 nm 2<2.< nm
'ef( all Ans( !
2#22#. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 5-A AE' 2#2"&3 008#&W6 20#o radial $'H AE' 2#<#03 00829W6 &<0o radial What is the *osition of the aircraft? A ! $ % #2<03 009<0W #<<83 009<&W #20#3 009<#W #2<#3 009<0W
'ef( all Ans( A 2#226. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 5-A AE' 2#2"&3 008#&W6 %:. "< nm $'H AE' 2#<#03 00829W6 %:. &0 nm What is the *osition of the aircraft? A ! $ % #2<#3 0080#W #20#3 009<#W #2<#3 009<#W #22#3 008<0W
'ef( all Ans( A 2#2##. -ow is a non1controlled route mar=ed on a ma*4chart? A ! $ % As a solid line As a dashed line As an alternate dotted4dashed line As a dotted line
Ans( !
2#282. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 Four radial from the 5-A AE' 2#2"&3 008#&W6 is <20o :. Drom $'H AE' 2#<#<3 008&0W6 0&&o :. What is your *osition? A ! $ % #&203 00800W #2"03 0082<W #2203 0082<W #2&03 00800W
'ef( all Ans( % 2#&0<. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from $'H AE' 2#<#<3 008&0W6 to *osition #2203 009<0W? A ! $ % &22 : &9 nm &&0 : "< nm &&0 : &9 nm &22 : "< nm
'ef( all Ans( $ 2#&02. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from 5-A AE' 2#2"&3 008#&W6 to !)'' air*ort 2#&<<3 000#"W6? A ! $ % 068 : "2 nm 060 : "0 nm 068 : "0 nm 060 : "2 nm
'ef( all Ans( A
2#&0&. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the lat and long of the 5-A AE' 2#2"&3 008#&W6 2&9:4&6nm radial4range? A ! $ % #2<#3 009&0W #2203 009&0W #2<23 009&0W #2<23 009<#W
'ef( all Ans( ! 2##69. 2'efer to figure 06<1<06 Which of the following beacons is <8# 3: from AH'A!.'@ 236<2" W006"06? A ! $ % H)'HWA// 23#8#8 W002#"6 5?E'3EWAF 23#8<# W006<06 5C:!C'@- 23#9## W00<<#6 5AKAAE'% 2360#0 W000#06
'ef( all Ans( $
061-0#
$EA$ -EC3ONING NAVIGATION 4$-5 061-0#-01 Basi!s o) ea re!6onin*
8290. @iven( A is 3##o 000o ! is 3#"o .0<0o ?he average true course of the great circle is <00o. ?he true course of the rhumbline at *oint A is( A ! $ % <00o 096o <0"o <00o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8299. ?he rhumb1line distance between *oints A 260o003 002o&0.6 and ! 260o003 000o&0W6 is( A ! $ % <#0 3: "#0 3: 600 3: &00 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8#62. An aircraft is climbing at a constant $A5 in )5A conditions. What will be the effect on ?A5 and :ach 3o? A ! $ % ?A5 increases and :ach 3o decreases !oth increase !oth decrease ?A5 decreases and :ach 3o increases
8#00. -eading is <#6o?+ ?A5 is &20 =nots+ W4A is <&0o4"#. What is your true trac=? A ! $ % <60 <#2 <0" 222
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8#0". ?he )$AE definition of .?A is the( A ! $ % actual time of arrival at a *oint or fi8 estimated time of arrival at destination estimated time of arrival at an en1route *oint or fi8 estimated time en route
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 860<. @iven( ?rue trac=( <92o :agnetic variation( 0o. %rift angle( #o left What is the magnetic heading re7uired to maintain the given trac=? A ! $ % <90o <9"o 20"o <80o
86<9. @iven( ?rue course A to ! G 2#0o %istance A to ! G &<# 3: ?A5 G "#0 =t W4A G 200o460 =t .?% A 06#0 C?$ What is the .?A at !? A ! $ % 00&0 C?$ 00&6 C?$ 08<0 C?$ 00<6 C?$
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 90&". An aircraft *asses *osition A 260o003 <20o00W6 on route to *osition ! 260o003 <"0o&0W6. What is the great circle trac= on de*arture from A? A ! $ % 26<o 288o 209o 200o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 90&6. @iven( Bosition A 360 W020 Bosition ! 360 W02< Bosition $ 3#9 W020 What are+ res*ectively+ the distances from A to ! and from A to $? A ! $ % 60 3: and &0 3: #2 3: and 60 3: &0 3: and 60 3: 60 3: and #2 3:
9800. What is the longitude of a *osition 6 3: to the east of #8o"23 09"o00W? A ! $ % 09&o#&.<W 09&o#".0W 09&o"8.#W 09"o<2.0W
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 98<#. @iven( Bosition A is 300o .<00o Bosition ! is 2"0o2?6+ 200 3: from A What is the *osition of !? A ! $ % 50<o"0 .<0<o"0 30<o"0 .090o00 50<o"0 .090o00 30<o"0 .<0<o"0
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <0929. ?he rhumb line trac= between *osition A 2"#o003+ 0<0o00W6 and *osition ! 2"8o&03+ 0<#o00W6 is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % &"# &00 &&0 &<#
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <09"#. What is the time re7uired to travel along the *arallel of latitude 60o3 between meridians 0<0o. and 0&0oW at a ground s*eed of "80 =t? A ! $ % < -' "# :)3 < -' <# :)3 2 -' &0 :)3 # -' 00 :)3
<<0#9. @iven the following( :agnetic heading( 060o :agnetic variation( 8oW %rift angle( "o right What is the true trac=? A ! $ % 0"8o 06"o 0#6o 002o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <<060. An aircraft has a ?A5 of &00 =nots and is over a stretch of water between 2 airfields #00 nm a*art. )f the wind com*onent is 60 =nots head+ what is the distance from the first airfield to the critical *oint? A ! $ % 2#0 nm 200 nm &00 nm 280 nm
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <"6"9. An aircraft de*arts from *osition A 20"o<05 <08o22W6 and flies northward following the meridian for 29#0 3:. )t then flies westward along the *arallel of latitude for &82 3: to *osition !. ?he co1ordinates of *osition ! are? A ! $ % #&o20 3 <02o&8 . "#o00 3 <02o&8 . #&o20 3 <69o22 W "#o00 3 <69o22 W
<"6#2. An aircraft in the northern hemis*here is ma=ing an accurate rate one turn to the right. )f the initial heading was <&#o+ after &0 seconds the direct reading magnetic com*ass should read( A ! $ % 22#o less than 22#o more or less than 22#o de*ending on the *endulous sus*ension used more than 22#o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <#"2<. # -' 20 :)3 20 5.$ corres*onds to a longitude difference of( A ! $ % 0#o00 08o"# 80o0# 8<o<0
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <#"22. What is the ration between the litre and the C5 gallon? A ! $ % < C51@A/ e7uals ".## litres < litre e7uals ".## C51@A/ < C51@A/ e7uals &.08 litres < litre e7uals &.08 C51@A/
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <#"2". What is the )5A tem*erature value at D/ &&0? A 1 1#6o$ ! 1 166o$ $ 1 18<o$ % 1 1#<o$ 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( %
<620". An aircraft leaves 0o345 "#oW and flies due south for <0 hours at a s*eed of #"0 =ts. What is its *osition? A ! $ % 5outh *ole 3orth *ole &0o5 "#o5
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <620#. An aircraft leaves 0o345 "#oW and flies due south for <0 hours at a s*eed of #"0 =ts. What is its *osition as a true bearing from the south *ole? A ! $ % &0o? 000o? "#o? 60o?
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <6208. Fou are flying from A 2#03 <0W6 to ! 2#83 02.6. )f initial @reat circle trac= is 0"0o? what is Dinal @reat circle trac=? A ! $ % #0o #2o "&o 29o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <6280. Fou are flying from A 2&05 20.6 to ! 2&05 20W6. What is the '/ trac= from A to !? A ! $ % 2#0o 2?6 200o 2?6 290o 2?6 &00o 2?6
<628<. Fou are flying from A 2&05 20.6 to ! 2&05 20W6. What is the initial @$ trac=? A ! $ % 260o 2?6 200o 2?6 290o 2?6 &00o 2?6
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2"0<2. An aircraft is flying at D/ <80 and the outside air tem*erature is 1&0o$. )f the $A5 is <#0 =t+ what is the ?A5? A ! $ % <<# =t <9# =t <80 =t <"# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2"0<#. $alibrated Airs*eed 2$A56 is indicated Airs*eed 2)A56 corrected for( A ! $ % density tem*erature and *ressure error com*ressibility error instrument error and *osition error
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2"02#. )f the $om*ass -eading is 26#o variation is &&oW and deviation is &o.+ what is the ?rue -eading? A ! $ % 229o 2&#o &0<o 29#o
2"026. )f the chart scale is < ( #00 000+ what earth distance would be re*resented by 0 cm on the chart? A ! $ % &# 3: &.# =m &# 000 m 0.&# =m
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2"0&<. )n the 3orthern -emis*here the rhumb line trac= from *osition A to ! is 2&0o+ the convergency is 6o and the difference in longitude is <0o. What is the initial rhumb line trac= from ! to A? A ! $ % 0#0o 0#&o 0#6o 0"0o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2"0&6. En a %irect :ercator *ro>ection a *articular chart length is measured at &0o3. What earth distance will the same chart length be if measured at 60o3? A ! $ % A larger distance ?wice the distance ?he same distance A smaller distance
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2"0"#. ?he @reat $ircle bearing from A 200o5 0&0oW6 to ! 200o5 060o.6 is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % 090o 2?6 0"8o 2?6 <&2o 2?6 &<2o 2?6
2"0"6. ?he great circle bearing of *osition ! from *osition A in the 3orthern -emis*here is 0"0o. )f the $onversion Angle is "o+ what is the great circle bearing of A from !? A ! $ % 228o 2<2o 220o 22"o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2"0"0. ?he great circle trac= measured at A 2"#o00;3 0<0o00;W6 from A to ! 2"#o00;3 0<9o00;W6 is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % 200o 090o 20&o 09&o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2"0"9. ?he initial great circle trac= from A to ! is 080o and the rhumb line trac= is 08&o. What is the initial great circle trac= from ! to A and in which -emis*here are the two *ositions located? A ! $ % 266o and in the northern hemis*here 260o and in the southern hemis*here 260o and in the northern hemis*here 266o and in the southern hemis*here
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2#<#2. A flight is *lanned from A 23&0000; .4W000000;6 to ! 23"6000; .4W000000;6. ?he distance in =ilometres from A to ! is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % #"0 09" <000 <00<
2#<##. @iven( Aariation 0oW %eviation "o. )f the aircraft is flying a $om*ass heading of 200+ the ?rue and :agnetic -eadings are( A ! $ % 20"o 2?6 260o 2:6 260o 2?6 20"o 2:6 200o 2?6 28<o 2:6 26&o 2?6 2#9o 2:6
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2#<88. @iven( ?rue trac= <"0o %rift 8o5 Aariation 9oW %eviation 2o. What is the com*ass heading? A ! $ % <"0o 2$6 <##o 2$6 <&9o 2$6 <2#o 2$6
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2#2<&. En a chart+ "9 nm is re*resented by 0.0 cm, the scale of the chart is( A ! $ % <(000 000 <(2 0<# &96 <(< 296 "00 <( <#6 600
2#2<9. ?he distance I to ' is &0<6 nm, ?A5 is "80 =ts. Dlying outbound I to ' the head wind com*onent is calculated as 90 =ts and the tail wind com*onent ' to I is 0# =ts. /eaving I at <&20 C?$+ what is the .?A at the *oint of .7ual ?ime( A ! $ % <6&< C?$ <802 C?$ <002 C?$ <0#2 C?$
061-0#-02 7se o) the na"i*ational !om(/ter

82##. Airfield elevation is <000 feet. ?he I3- is 988. Cse 20 feet *er millibar. What is *ressure altitude? A ! $ % 60# &2# <60# 82#
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8#26. @iven( ?rue course &00o %rift 8o' Aariation <0oW %eviation 1"o $alculate the com*ass heading? A ! $ % &06o &22o 29"o 208o
8#&<. 26# C51@A/ e7uals? 25*ecific gravity 0.806 A ! $ % 862 =g 80& =g 89# =g 9"0 =g
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8#&2. @round s*eed is #"0 =nots. 02 nm to go. What is time to go? A ! $ % 8 mins 9 mins <8 mins <2 mins
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8#"&. ?he relative bearing to a beacon is 200o'. ?hree minutes later+ at a ground s*eed of <80 =nots+ it has changed to 22#o'. What was the distance of the closest *oint of a**roach of the aircraft to the beacon? A ! $ % "# nm <8 nm 9 nm & nm
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8#"#. An aero*lane flying at <80 =ts ?A5 on a trac= of 090o. ?he wind is 0"#o4#0 =ts. ?he distance the aero*lane can fly out and return in one hour is( A ! $ % 88 3: 8# 3: #6 3: <06 3:
8#"9. @iven( @5 G <22 =t %istance from A to ! G 98# 3: What is the time from A to !? A ! $ % 0 -' "8 :)3 8 -' 0" :)3 0 -' "9 :)3 8 -' <0 :)3
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8##". @iven( )A5 <20 =t D/ 80 EA? N20o$ What is the ?A5? A ! $ % <&2 =t <02 =t <20 =t <"< =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8##0. ?he wind velocity is &#942#. An aircraft is heading <80 at a ?A5 of <98 =nots. 2All directions are ?rue6. What is its trac= and ground s*eed? A ! $ % <80.22& <09.220 <80.220 <09.22&
8##8. @iven( @5 G "80 =t %istance from A to ! G #&60 3: What is the time from A to !? A ! $ % << -' 00 :)3 << -' 06 :)3 << -' <0 :)3 << -' <# :)3
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8#60. Fou are flying 090o$ heading. %eviation is 2oW and Aariation is <2.. Four ?A5 is <60 =nots. Fou are flying the 000 radial outbound from a AE' and you have gone <" nm in 6 minutes. What is the W4A? A ! $ % <#8o?4#< 060o?4#0 &"0o?42# 0##o?42#
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8#6". @iven( @5 G 2&6 =t %istance from A to ! G &#" 3: What is the time from A to !? A ! $ % < -' 09 :)3 < -' &0 :)3 < -' <0 :)3 < -' "0 :)3
8#66. @iven( @5 G #<0 =t %istance A to ! G "& 3: What is the time 2:)36 from A to !? A ! $ % 6 " # 0
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8#68. @iven( @5 G <20 =t %istance from A to ! G 8" 3: What is the time from A to !? A ! $ % 00 -' "2 :)3 00 -' "& :)3 00 -' "" :)3 00 -' "# :)3
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8#08. En a *articular ta=e1off+ you can acce*t u* to <0 =nots tailwind. ?he runway I%: is 0"0+ the variation is <0. and the A?)5 gives the wind direction as 2<0. What is the ma8imum wind strength you can acce*t? A ! $ % <8 =nots << =nots 8 =nots " =nots
8#8". @iven( $ourse 0"0o2?6 ?A5 is <20 =t Wind s*eed &0 =t :a8imum drift angle will be obtained for a wind direction of( A ! $ % <20o <"#o <<#o <&0o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8#80. @45 G 2"0 =nots+ %istance to go G #00 nm. What is time to go? A ! $ % 20 minutes 29 minutes 2 h 0# m 2 h <2 m
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8#88. @iven( ?rue trac= 000o Aariation &0oW %eviation N<o %rift <0o' $alculate the com*ass heading? A ! $ % <00o 09<o 089o <0<o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l A35( $
8#9". Bressure Altitude is 20+000 feet+ EA? G 1&#$+ :ach 3o G 0."# W4A G 20048#+ ?rac= G 200? What is drift and ground s*eed? A ! $ % <8/42#2 =nots <#'4&<0 =nots <0/4228 =nots <0'4280 =nots
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8#96. )f the true trac= from A to ! is 090o+ ?A5 is "60 =nots+ wind velocity is &60o4<00 =ts+ variation is <0o. and deviation is 120, calculate the com*ass heading and ground s*eed. A ! $ % 069o and ""8 =ts 068o and "60 =ts 008o and "#0 =ts 000o and "#& =ts
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8#90. @iven( ?rue trac= <80o %rift 8o' $om*ass heading <9#o %eviation 12o $alculate the variation? A ! $ % 2#oW 2<oW #oW 9oW
8606. @iven( @5 G &"# =t %istance from A to ! G &#60 3: What is the time from A to !? A ! $ % <0 -' <9 :)3 <0 -' 0# :)3 << -' 00 :)3 << -' 02 :)3
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 86<". An aircraft travels 2." statute miles in "0 seconds. What is the ground s*eed? A ! $ % <8& =t <60 =t 209 =t <&< =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 86<#. At <000 hours an aircraft is on the &<0 radial from a AE'4%:.+ at <0 nautical miles range. At <0<0 the radial and range are 0"04<0 nm. What is the aircraft;s trac= and ground s*eed? A ! $ % 080 4 8# =nots 08# 4 8# =nots 080 4 80 =nots 08# 4 90 =nots
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 86<8. -ow long will it ta=e to fly # 3: at a ground s*eed of 269 =t? A ! $ % < :)3 00 5.$ < :)3 ## 5.$ 2 :)3 &0 5.$ 0 :)3 &" 5.$
862<. @iven( @5 G <&# =t %istance from A to ! G "&& 3: What is the time from A to !? A ! $ % & -' 20 :)3 & -' 2# :)3 & -' <9 :)3 & -' <2 :)3
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <09&0. An aircraft is landing on runway 2& 2I%: 220o6+ surface wind <80o4&0 =ts from A?)5, variation is <&o.. ?he cross wind com*onent on landing is( A ! $ % 26 =ts 2& =ts 20 =ts <# =ts
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <<0&0. @iven( @5 G <0# =t %istance from A to ! G <0& 3: Whatis the time from A to !? A ! $ % 0< -' 0< :)3 00 -' #0 :)3 00 -' #8 :)3 00 -' #9 :)3
<<0&8. @iven( @5 9# =t %istance from A to ! G1 "80 3: What is the time from A to !? A ! $ % " -' #9 :)3 # -' 0& :)3 0# -' 00 :)3 # -' 08 :)3
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <<0"&. Fou leave A to fly to !+ "0# nm away+ at <000 hours. Four .?A at ! is <<&0. At <0"0 you are <90 nm from A. What ground s*eed is re7uired to arrive on time at !? A ! $ % &<0 =nots &&0 =nots &"2 =nots &60 =nots
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <<0"6. An aircraft travels <00 statute miles in 20 :3+ how long does it ta=e to travel 2<# 3:? A ! $ % #0 :)3 <00 :)3 90 :)3 80 :)3
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <<0#". ?he e7uivalent of 00 m4sec is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % <"# =t <&6 =t 2<0 =t &# =t
<<060. @iven( 'e7uired course 0"#o2:6 Aariation is <#o. W4A is <90o2?64&0 =t $A5 is <20 =t at D/ ## in standard atmos*here What are the heading 2o:6 and @5? A ! $ % 0&6o and <#< =t 0##o and <"0 =t 0#2o and <#" =t 0#6o and <&0 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <<06<. @iven( @5 G "&# =t %istance from A to ! G <920 3: What is the time from A to !? A ! $ % " -' <0 :)3 & -' 2# :)3 & -' 26 :)3 " -' 2# :)3
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <<069. @iven( ?rue trac=( &#2o Aariation <<oW %eviation is 1#o %rift <0o' $alculate the com*ass heading? A ! $ % &#8o &"6o 0<8o 02#o
<<00#. @iven( ?rue course from A to ! G 090o ?A5 G "60 =t W4A G &604<00 =t Average variation G <0o. %eviation G 12o $alculate the com*ass heading and @5? A ! $ % 008o 068o 069o 000o "#0 =t "60 =t ""8 =t "#& =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <<080. 0&0 D?4:)3 e7uals( A ! $ % &.0 m4sec #.2 m4sec <.6 m4sec 2.2 m4sec
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <<082. Duel flow *er -' is 22 C51@A/+ total fuel on board is 8& ):B @A/. What is the endurance? A ! $ % " -' &2 :)3 & -' <2 :)3 & -' #& :)3 2 -' <# :)3
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <<08#. -ow many 3: would an aircraft travel in < :)3 "# 5.$ if @5 is <&# =t? A ! $ % &9.0 2.&6 &.2# &.9"
<#"20. @iven( D/ 2#0 EA? 1<#o$ ?A5 2#0 =t $alculate the :ach 3o? A ! $ % 0."" 0."0 0.&9 0."2
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <#"29. @iven( ?A5 G 22# =t -%@ 2o?6 <2&o W4A 090460 =t $alculate the ?rac= 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % <&" <&" <20 <2& <08 =t <88 =t <90 =t <80 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <#"&0. @iven( ?A5 G <00 =t -%@ 2?6 G <00o W4A &#04&0 =t $alculate the ?rac= 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % 098 <09 09< <0& <08 =t <82 =t <8& =t <08 =t
<#"&2. @iven( ?A5 2&0 =t -%@ 2?6 2#0o W4A m 20#4<0 =t $alculate the drift and @5? A ! $ % </ <' 2' 2/ 22# =t 22< =t 22& =t 22" =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <#"&&. @iven( ?rue -%@ G <"#o ?A5 2"0 =t ?rac= 2?6 <#0o @5 2<0 =t $alculate the W4A? A ! $ % &604&# =t <804&# =t 29#4&# =t <<#4&# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2<002. @iven( ?rue altitude 9000 D? EA? 1&2o$ $A5 200 =t What is the ?A5? A ! $ % 2<# =t 200 =t 2<0 =t 220 =t
2"0<6. @iven( ?rue ?rac= G 09#o ?A5 G <60 =t ?rue -eading G 080o @5 G <&0 =ts $alculate W4A A ! $ % <2"o4&6 =t 2&0o4&6 =t &00o4&6 =t 0#0o4&6 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2"0<0. @iven( ?rue ?rac= ?rue -eading ?A5 @45 2&9o 229o ### =t #00 =t
$alculate the wind velocity. A ! $ % &00o4<00 =t &<0o4<00 =t <&0o4<00 =t <6#o4<00 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2"0<8. @iven( ?rue ?rac= %rift Aariation $om*ass -dg 2"#o #o right &o . 2"2o
$alculate the deviation. A ! $ % <<o . <o . #o . #o W
2"0#&. ?rue -eading of an aircraft is 26#o and ?A5 is 290 =t. )f W4A is 2<0o4&#=t+ what is ?rue ?rac= and @5? A ! $ % 2#9o and &0# =t 2#9o and 202 =t 260o and &<# =t 20<o and 202 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2#<29. $ourse 0"0o?+ ?A5 <20 =t+ Wind s*eed &0 =nots. Drom which direction will the wind give the greatest drift( A ! $ % 2<#o 2&0o? 2&#o? 2"0o?
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2#<&0. 'e7uired course 0"#o?+ W4A G <904&0+ D/ ##+ )5A+ Aariation <#o.+ $A5 <20 =nots. What is the magnetic heading and @45? A ! $ % 0#2o: <#" 060o: <#" 0&0o: <#" 0&0o: <<&
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2#22". @iven( Bressure Altitude G #000 ft EA? G N&#$ What is true altitude( A ! $ % "##0 ft ###0 ft "290 ft #&20 ft
2#228. @iven( Bressure Altitude 29 000 ft EA? 1##o$ What is the density altitude( A ! $ % 20 #00 ft &< 000 ft && #00 ft &6 000 ft
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 2#229. )f the headwid com*onent is #0 =t+ the D/ is &&0+ tem*erature 95A 10o$ and the ground s*eed is "96 =t+ the :ach 3o. is( A ! $ % 0.98 0.08 0.9# 0.0#
061-0#-03 The Trian*le o) "elo!ities+ metho s o) sol/tion

8#20. @iven( ?rue -eading G 090o ?A5 G <80 =t @5 G <80 =t %rift #o right $alculate the W4A? A ! $ % &60o 4 <# =t <90o 4 <# =t 0<0o 4 <# =t <80o 4 <# =t
8#29. @iven( D/ <20 EA? is )5A standard $A5 is 200 =t ?rac= is 222o 2:6 -eading is 2<#o2:6 Aariation is <#oW ?ime to fly <0# 3: is 2< :)3. What is the W4A? A ! $ % 0#0o2?6 4 00 =t 0"0o2?6 4 <0# =t 0##o2?6 4 <0# =t 06#o2?6 4 00 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8#&0. @iven( Dor ta=e1off an aircraft re7uires a headwind com*onent of at least <0 =t and has a cross1wind limitation of &# =t. ?he angle between the wind direction and the runway is 60o. $alculate the minimum and ma8imum allowable wind s*eeds? A ! $ % <2 =t and &8 =t 20 =t and "0 =t <# =t and "& =t <8 =t and #0 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8#&&. @iven( :a8imum allowable tailwind com*onent for landing <0 =t Blanned runway 0# 20"0o magnetic6 ?he direction of the surface wind re*orted by A?)5 2<0o Aariation is <0o. $alculate the ma8imum allowable winds*eed that can be acce*ted without e8ceeding the tailwind limit? A ! $ % <# =t <8 =t 8 =t << =t
8#&". @iven( 'unway direction 08&o2:6 5urface W4A 0&#4&# =t $alculate the effective headwind com*onent? A ! $ % 2" =t 20 =t &< =t &" =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8#&#. An aircraft is following a true trac= of 0"8o at a constant ?A5 of 2<0 =t. ?he wind velocity is &#0o4&0 =t. ?he @5 and drift angle are( A ! $ % <92 =t+ 0o left 200 =t &.#o right <9# =t+ 0o right 22# =t+ 0o left
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8#&6. @iven( 'unway direction 2&0o2?6 5urface W4A 280o2?64"0 =t $alculate the effective cross1wind com*onent? A ! $ % 2< =t &6 =t &< =t 26 =t
8#&8. @iven( ?A5 G "8# =t ?rue -%@ G 226o W4A G <<0o2?649# =t $alculate the drift angle and @5? A ! $ % 0o' 9o' 9o' 8o/ #&< =tg #&& =t "&& =t "&# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8#"2. @iven( ?A5 G <98 =t -%@ 2o?6 G <80 W4A G &#942# $alculate the ?rac= 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % <80 <09 <8< <80 22& =t 220 =t <80 =t <8& =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8#"6. @iven( ?rue -%@ G &00o ?A5 G 2&0 =t ?rac= 2?6 G &<&o @5 G 2<0 =t $alculate the W4A? A ! $ % 2##42# =t 2#04&# =t 2604&0 =t 26#4&0 =t
8#"0. @iven( :agnetic trac= G 2<0o :agnetic -%@ G 2<#o AA' G <#o. ?A5 G &60 =t Aircraft flies 6" 3: in <2 :)3 $alculate the true W4A? A ! $ % 26#o4#0 =t <9#o4#0 =t 2&#o4#0 =t &00o4&0 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8##<. @iven( ?A5 G <90 =t ?rue -%@ G 08#o W4A G <<0o2?64#0 =t $alculate the drift angle and @5? A ! $ % 8o/ 0o/ "o/ "o/ <"6 =t <#6 =t <68 =t <"# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8##&. @iven( ?A5 G 9# =t -%@ 2?6 G 00#o W4A G &<0420 =t $alculate the drift and @5? A ! $ % 9' <0/ 9/ 8' <08 =t <0" =t <0# =t <0" =t
8##9. @iven( ?A5 G <&2 =t ?rue -%@ G 2#0o W4A G 09#o2?64&# =t $alculate the drift angle and @5? A ! $ % 2o' "o' "o/ &o/ <66 =t <6# =t <60 =t <66 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8#6&. @iven( ?A5 G 2#0 =t -%@ 2?6 G 029o W4A G 0&#4"#=t $alculate the drift and @5? A ! $ % </ <' </ <' 20# =t 20# =t 26# =t 29# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8#69. @iven( ?rue -%@ G 002o ?A5 G <&0 =t ?rac= 2?6 G &#&o @5 G <&2 =t $alculate the W4A? A ! $ % 0884<# =t 09#420 =t 088420 =t 09&42# =t
8#02. @iven( ?A5 G 2&# =t -%@ 2?6 G 006o W4A G 0"04"0=t $alculate the drift angle and @5? A ! $ % #' 0/ #/ 0' 200 =t 269 =t 2## =t 20" =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8#0&. @iven( ?A5 G 20# =t -%@ 2?6 G <80o W4A G 2"042# =t $alculate the drift and @5? A ! $ % 0/ 6/ &/ "/ <92 =t <9" =t <90 =t <9# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8#80. @iven( ?rue -%@ G <&&o ?A5 G 22# =t ?rac= 2?6 G <""o @5 G 206 =t $alculate the W4A? A ! $ % 0004"0 =t 00#4"# =t 0004"# =t 00#4#0 =t
8#8<. @iven( ?A5 G 90 =t -%@ 2?6 G &##o W4A G <20420 =t $alculate the ?rac= 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % 006 &"6 &#8 &#9 9# =t <02 =t <0< =t <02 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8#8&. @iven( ?rue -eading G 090o ?A5 G 200 =t W4A G 220o4&0 =t $alculate the @5? A ! $ % <80 =t 2&0 =t 220 =t 200 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8#8#. @iven( $om*ass -eading 090o %eviation 2oW Aariation <2o. ?A5 <60 =t Whilst maintaining a radial 000o from a AE' station+ the aircraft flies a ground distance of <" 3: in 6 :)3. What is the W4A 2o?6? A ! $ % <6#o42# =t &"0o42# =t &"0o498 =t <60o4#0 =t
8#86. @iven( ?A5 G <"0 =t -%@ 2?6 G 00#o W4A G 26#42# =t $alculate the drift and @5? A ! $ % <<' 9' <<' <0' <"0 =t <"0 =t <"2 =t <"6 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8#92. @iven( ?A5 G <"0 =t ?rue -%@ G &02o W4A G 0"#o2?64"# =t $alculate the drift angle and @5? A ! $ % 9o' <6o/ 9o/ <8o' <"& =t <#6 =t <"6 =t <"6 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8#9#. @iven( ?A5 G "6# =t ?rac= 2?6 G 000o W4A G &00480 =t $alculate the -%@ 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % 000 00< &#8 &#0 "&0 =t "&2 =t "28 =t "&0 =t
8600. @iven( :a8imum allowabl crosswind com*onent is 20 =t 'unway 06 'WF I%: 06&o2:6 Wind direction <00o2:6 $alculate the ma8imum allowable winds*eed? A ! $ % 26 =t &< =t && =t 2# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8602. @iven( ?A5 G "02 =t ?rue -%@ G 00#o W4A G <<0o2?64#0 =t $alculate the drift angle and @5? A ! $ % 6o/ 0o' 0o/ 0o' "80 =t "9< =t "9< =t "80 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 860#. @iven( $ourse re7uired G 08#o 2?6 Dorecast W4A 0&04<00 =t ?A5 G "00 =t %istance G 26# 3: $alculate the true -%@ and flight time? A ! $ % 096o+ 29 :)3 006o+ &" :)3 00#o+ &9 :)3 09#o+ &< :)3
8600. @iven( ?A5 G 200 =t ?rac= 2?6 G 00&o W4A G 2<0420 =t $alculate the -%@ 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % 000 009 00# 000 2<" =t 2<< =t 2<& =t 2<0 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8608. @iven( ?A5 G <&2 =t -%@ 2?6 G 0#&o W4A G 20#4<# =t $alculate the trac= 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % 0#0 0#0 0#2 0#< <"" =t <"# =t <"& =t <"" =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8609. @iven( ?A5 G 200 =t ?rue -%@ G <"#o Actual wind G 20#o2?64&0 =t $alculate the drift angle and @5? A ! $ % 8o' 6o' 6o/ 6o' 26< =t 2#< =t 2#6 =t 2#9 =t
86<0. @iven( ?A5 G 220 =t ?rac= 2?6 G &<6o W4A G 20#4<# =t $alculate the -%@ 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % &<& &<< &<2 &<0 2&# =t 2&0 =t 2&2 =t 2&& =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 86<6. @iven( ?A5 G 220 =t :agnetic course G 2<2o W4A <60o 2:64#0 =t $alculate the @5? A ! $ % <86 =t 290 =t 2"6 =t 2#0 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A 8620. @iven( 'unway direction &0#o2:6 5urface W4A 260o2:64&0 =t $alculate the cross1wind com*onent? A ! $ % <8 =t 2" =t 20 =t 2< =t
<<02". @iven( ?A5 G "00 =t ?rue -%@ G &<0o W4A G 0"#o2?64"# =t $alculate the drift angle and @5 A ! $ % &o' #o/ #o/ #o' "00 =t 200 =t "0# =t "0# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <<02#. @iven( ?rue -%@ G 00"o ?A5 G 2&0 =t ?rac= 2?6 G 066o @5 G 2"2 =t $alculate the W4A A ! $ % <804&0 =t <804&# =t <8#4&# =t <804"0 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <<026. @iven( ?A5 G <## =t -%@ 2?6 G 2<6o W4A G 090460 =t $alculate the trac= 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % 22" 2&< 222 226 <0# =t <96 =t <8< =t <86 =t
<<029. An aero*lane is flying at ?A5 <80 =t on a trac= of 090o. ?he W4A is 0"#o4#0 =t. -ow far can the aero*lane fly out from its base and return in one hour? A ! $ % #6 3: 88 3: 8# 3: <06 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <<0&0. @iven( ?A5 G &00 =t ?rue -%@ G <8<o W4A G 09#o2?64&# =t $alculate the true trac= and @5? A ! $ % <86 <06 <92 <89 &00 =t &00 =t &00 =t &00 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <<0&2. @iven( :agnetic heading G 2##o AA' G "0oW @5 G &0# =t W4A G 2&#o2?64<20 =t $alculate the drift angle? A ! $ % 0o left 0o right 9o left <6o right
<<0&&. @iven( ?rue -%@ G 0#"o ?A5 G "#0 =t ?rac= 2?6 G 0#9o @5 G "<6 =t $alculate the W4A? A ! $ % 0<04## =t 00#4#0 =t 0<04#0 =t 0<04"# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <<0&". @iven( ?A5 G "8# =t -%@ 2?6 G <68o W4A G <&040# =t $alculate the ?rac= 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % <0# <0& <0# <0" "&2 =t "2" =t "20 =t "28 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <<0&6. @iven( ?A5 G <90 =t -%@ 2?6 G &##o W4A G <6#42# =t $alculate the drift and @5? A ! $ % <' </ <' </ <6# =t 22# =t <0# =t 2<# =t
<<0&9. @iven( :agnetic trac= G &<#o -%@ G &0<o 2:6 AA' G #oW ?A5 G 22# =t ?he aircraft flies #0 3: in <2 :)3. $alculate the W4A 2o?6? A ! $ % <9#o46& =t &##o4<# =t <9#o46< =t <90o46& =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <<0"<. @iven( ?A5 G <## =t ?rac= 2?6 G &0#o W4A G <604<8 =t $alculate the -%@ 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % &0< &0# &09 &09 <69 =t <69 =t <00 =t <"< =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <<0"2. @iven( ?rue -eading G <80o ?A5 G #00 =t W4A 22#o4<00 =t $alculate the @5? A ! $ % "#0 =t 600 =t #&# =t "&# =t
<<0"0. Dor a given trac= the( Wind com*onent G "# =t %rift angle G <#o left ?A5 G 2"0 =t What is the wind com*onent on the reverse trac=? A 1 1## =t ! 1 16# =t $ 1 1"# =t % 1 1&# =t 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <<0"8. An aircraft is on final a**roach to runway &2' 2&22o6. ?he wind velocity re*orted by the tower is &#0o420 =t. ?A5 on a**roach is 9# =t. )n order to maintain the centre line+ the aircrafts heading 2o:6 should be( A ! $ % &22o &28o &<6o &26o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <<0"9. @iven( ?A5 G 200 =t ?rac= 2?6 G 260o W4A G 20#4&0 =t $alculate the -%@ 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % 26" 262 26" 262 2&0 =t 2&0 =t 2"< =t 2"< =t
<<0#2. @iven( ?rue -%@ G 2&&o ?A5 G "80 =t ?rac= 2?6 G 2"0o @5 G #2& =t $alculate the W4A? A ! $ % <<#400 =t <<040# =t <<0480 =t <0#40# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <<0#&. @iven( 'unway direction 2<0o2:6 5urface W4A 2&0o 2:64&0 =t $alculate the crosswind com*onent? A ! $ % <9 =t <0 =t <6 =t <& =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <<0##. @iven( ?rue -%@ G 0&#o ?A5 G 2"# =t ?rac= 2?6 G 0"6o @5 G 220 =t $alculate the W4A? A ! $ % &&#4## =t &&#4"# =t &"04#0 =t &"04"# =t
<<0#0. @iven( :agnetic trac= G 00#o -%@ G 066o2:6 AA' G <<o. ?A5 G 20# =t Aircraft flies "8 3: in <0 :)3. $alculate the true W4A? A ! $ % &"0o4"# =t &20o4#0 =t 2<0o4<# =t <80o4"# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <<062. @iven( ?A5 G "80 =t -%@ 2o?6 G 0"0o W4A G 090460 =t $alculate the ?rac= 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % 0&2 028 0&" 0&6 "2# =t "<# =t ""# =t "&# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <<06&. @iven( ?A5 G <2# =t ?rue -%@ G &##o W4A G &20o2?64&0 =t $alculate the true trac= and @5? A ! $ % 002 &"# &"8 00# 98 =t <00 =t <02 =t <02 =t
<<06". @iven( ?rue -%@ G 206o ?A5 G <"0 =t ?rac= 2?6 G 200o @5 G <&# =t $alculate the W4A? A ! $ % <804<0 =t 00040# =t 0004<0 =t <8040# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <<066. @iven( ?rue heading G &<0o ?A5 G 200 =t @5 G <06 =t %rift angle 0o right $alculate the W4A? A ! $ % 090o4&& =t &60o4&& =t 200o4&& =t <80o4&& =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <<068. @iven( ?A5 G <&# =t -%@ G 2o?6 G 208 W4A G <"0420 =t $alculate the ?rac= 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % 209 28& 282 20# <#2 =t <#0 =t <"8 =t <#0 =t
<<002. @iven( ?A5 G "6# =t -%@ 2?6 G <2"o W4A G <00480 =t $alculate the drift and @5? A ! $ % 8/ &/ "/ 6/ "<# =t "<# =t "00 =t "00 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <<006. @iven( ?A5 G <&0 =t ?rac= 2?6 G 00&o W4A G <904"0 =t $alculate the -%@ 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % 002 00< &#9 &#0 <0& =t <00 =t <66 =t <68 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <<000. @iven( ?A5 G &0# =t ?rue -%@ G <2"o W4A G <&0o2?64## =t $alculate the true trac= and @5? A ! $ % <2# <2& <26 <2# &22 =t &20 =t &20 =t &<8 =t
<<08". @iven( ?A5 G 200 =t ?rac= 2?6 G <<0o W4A G 0<#4"0 =t $alculate the -%@ 2o?6 and @5? A ! $ % 090 <2< <2< 099 20< =t 200 =t <99 =t <99 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <<086. @iven( ?A5 G 200 =t ?rue -%@ G 200o Actual wind 20#o2?64&0 =t $alculate the drift angle and @5? A ! $ % 6' 6/ 6' 8' 2#9 =t 2#6 =t 2#< =t 2#9 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <<088. @iven( ?A5 G 290 =t ?rue -%@ G <0<o W4A G &<0o2?64&0 =t $alculate the drift angle and @5? A ! $ % "o' "o/ "o' "o/ &<0 =t &<" =t &<" =t &<0 =t
<<089. ?he following information is dis*layed on an )nertial 3avigation 5ystem( @5 #20 =t. ?rue -%@ 090o+ %rift angle #o right+ ?A5 "80 =t 5A? 2static air tem*erature6 1#<o$. ?he W4A being e8*erienced is( A ! $ % 22#o460 =t &20o460 =t 220o460 =t &2#o460 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <<090. @iven( ?A5 G ""0 =t -%@ 2?6 G &"9o W4A G 0"04"0 =t $alculate the drift and @5? A ! $ % "/ 2/ 6/ #/ "<# =t "20 =t &9# =t &8# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <<092. @iven( : 0.80 EA? 1#0o$ D/ &&0 @5 "90 =t AA' 20oW :agnetic heading <"0o %rift is <<o 'ight $alculate the true W4A? A ! $ % 200o49# =t 02#o4"0 =t 020o49# =t 02#o4"# =t
<"6#8. ?he re*orted surface wind from the control tower is 2"0o4&# =t. 'unway &0 2&00o6. What is cross1wind com*onent? A ! $ % &0 =t 2" =t 20 =t 2< =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <#"&". Dor a landing on runway 2& 2220o magnetic6 surface W4A re*orted by the A?)5 is <804&0 =t. AA' is <&o.. $alculate the cross wind com*onent? A ! $ % 20 =t 22 =t 26 =t <# =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <629". -ow long will it ta=e to travel 28" nm at a s*eed of #26 HB-? A ! $ % <.6 h <.9 h "# min <h
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <629#. )f it ta=es <&2." mins to travel 8"0 nm+ what is your s*eed in =mh? A ! $ % 00# =mh 290 =mh <20 =mh 966 =mh
061-0#-0# 8ist elements re9/ire )or esta2lishin* $- (osition

8#82. A useful method of a *ilot resolving+ during a visual flight+ any uncertainty in the aircraft;s *osition is to maintain visual contact with the ground and( A set heading towards a line feature such as a coastline+ motorway+ river or railway ! fly the reverse of the heading being flown *rior to becoming undertain until a *in*oint is obtained $ fly e8*anding circles until a *in*oint is obtained % fly reverse headings and associated timings until the *oint of de*arture is regained. 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <"6#". Bosition A is located on the e7uator at longitude <&0o00.. Bosition ! is located <00 3: from A on a bearing of 22#o2?6. ?he co1ordinates of *osition ! are( A ! $ % 0<o<<3 <28o "9. 0<o<<5 <28o "9. 0<o<<3 <&<o <<. 0<o<<5 <&<o <<.
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <"6#6. @iven( Bosition A "#o3+ ?o. Bosition ! "#o3+ "#o<#. %istance A1! G 280 3: ! is to the .ast of A 'e7uired( longitude of *osition A? A ! $ % &8o&9. "9o#0. #<o#<. "0o&&.
<"600. ?he @reat $ircle bearing of ! 200o5 060o.6+ from A 200o5 0&0oW6+ is a**ro8imately? A ! $ % <#0o 2?6 090o 2?6 &<8o 2?6 <&#o 2?6
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % <#"28. What is the final *osition after the following rhumb line trac=s and distances have been followed from *osition 60o003 0&0o00W? 5outh for &600 3: .ast for &600 3: 3orth for &600 3: West for &600 3: ?he final *osition of the aircraft is( A ! $ % #9o003 090o00W 60o003 090o00W 60o003 0&0o00. #9o003 060o00W
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <#"&#. An aircraft at *ositon 60o3 00#oW trac=s 090o2?6 for &<#=m. En com*letion of the flight the longitude will be( A ! $ % 002o <0W 000o <#. 000o "0. 00#o <#.
<#"&6. ?he de*arture between *ositions 60o3 <60o. and 60s3 8 is 900 3:. What is the longitude of 8? A ! $ % <00oW <"0oW <"#o. <0#o.
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <#"&0. An aircraft at latitude <0o 5outh flies north at a @5 of 890 =m4-'. What will its latitude be after <.# -'? A ! $ % 22o003 0&o#03 02o003 <2o<#3
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <628&. Fou are flying from A 2&05 20.6 to ! 2&05 20W6. At what longitude will the @$ trac= e7ual the '/ trac=? A ! $ % <0o. <0oW 0o.4W 20oW
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <628". What is diat from &0o&95 20o20. to "#o2&3 "0o"0.( A ! $ % <"o"" 3 06o2 5 06o2 3 06o" 5
<628#. What is the $hlong 2in degrees and minutes6 from A 2"#3 <6&0.6 to ! 2"#3 <##"0W6? A ! $ % &8o0#. &8o#0W &8o0#W &8o#0.
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 2"0<9. @iven( ?rue ?rac= %rift Aariation $om*ass -dg 2"#o #o right &o. 2"2o
$alculate the :agnetic -eading( A ! $ % 2"0o 2"&o 2&0o 2#&o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2"020. @rid heading is 299o+ grid convergency is ##o West and magnetic variation is 90o West. What is the corres*onding magnetic heading? A ! $ % 08"o &&"o <#"o 26"o
061-0#-0% Cal!/late $- elements

8#"0. EA? G N&#o$ Bressure alt G #000 feet What is true alt? A ! $ % "##0 feet ###0 feet "290 feet #&20 feet
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 8##0. @iven( Air*ort elevation is <000 ft I3- is 988 hBa What is the a**ro8imate air*ort *ressure altitude? 2Assume < hBa G 20 D?6 A 680 D? ! &20 D? $ <680 D? % 1 1&20 D? 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 8#6<. Four *ressure altitude is D/ ##+ the I3- is 998+ and the 5A? is N&0$. What is %ensity Altitude? A ! $ % 6980 feet 00#0 feet 8620 feet <0020 feet
8#6#. Fou are on )/5 &o glideslo*e which *asses over the runway threshold at #0 feet. Four %:. range is 2# nm from the threshold. What is your height above the runway threshold elevation? 2Cse the < in 60 rule and 6000 feet G < nautical mile6 A ! $ % 80<0 feet 0"#0 feet 6"#0 feet 0##0 feet
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8#0#. @iven( D/ &#0 :ach 0.80 EA? 1##o$ $alculate the values for ?A5 and local s*eed of sound 2/556? A ! $ % "6< =t+ /55 296 =t 2&0 =t+ /55 296 =t "90 =t+ /55 "6< =t "6< =t+ /55 #06 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 8#00. ?he *ressure alt is 29000 feet and the 5A? is 1##$. What is density altitude? A ! $ % 20#00 feet 26000 feet &0000 feet &<000 feet
8#99. Fou are flying at a ?rue :ach 3o of 0.82 in a 5A? of 1"#o$. At <000 hours you are <00 nm from the BE/ %:. and your .?A at BE/ is <0<2. A?$ as= you to slow down to be at BE/ at <0<6. What should your new ?:3 be if you reduce s*eed at <00 nm distance to( A ! $ % : .06 : .02 : .68 : .6<
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( % 860". @iven( ?A5 G "8# =t EA? G )5A N<0o$ D/ "<0 $alculate the :ach 3umber? A ! $ % 0.8# 0.90 0.82# 0.80
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 86<0. @iven( ?A5 "80 =t D/ &&0 ?em*erature )5A N <# $alculate the :ach 3umber? A ! $ % 0.8< 0.8" 0.06 0.08
90#2. A flight is to be made from A "9o5 <80o.4W to ! #8o5+ <80o.4W. ?he distance is =ilometres from A to ! is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % <222 <000 #"0 80"
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 9090. An aircraft is at <03 and is flying 5outh at """ =m4hour. After & hours the latitude is( A ! $ % <05 023 025 0345
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ <<020. @iven( Aircraft at D/ <#0 overhead an air*ort elevation of air*ort 020 ft I3- is <00& hBa EA? at D/ <#0 1#o$ What is the true altitude of the aircraft? 2Assume < hBa G 20 ft6 A ! $ % <#+8"0 ft <#+280 ft <"+<60 ft <"+020 ft
<<028. An aircraft ta=es off from the aerodrome of !')EC%. 2altitude < "8& ft+ ID. G 96& hBa+ tem*erature G &2o$6. Dive minutes later+ *assing #+000 ft on ID.+ the second altimeter set on <+0<& hBa will indicate a**ro8imately( A ! $ % 6+900 ft 6+"00 ft 6+000 ft "+000 ft
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <<0#<. An aircraft maintaining a #.2R gradient is at 0 3: from the runway+ on a flat terrain, its height is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % 680 ft 22<0 ft <890 ft &6"0 ft
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! <#"2#. @iven( Bressure Altitude 29+000 ft+ EA? 1##$. $alculate the %ensity Altitude? A ! $ % 20+#00 ft &<+#00 ft &&+#00 ft 26+000 ft
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A <6209. An aircraft leaves *oint A 20#3 #0W6 and flies due 3orth. At the 3orth Bole it flies due south along the meridian of 6#o#0. unit reaches 0#3 2*oint !6. What is the total distance covered? A ! $ % <+6#0 nm 2+000 nm 2+<0# nm <+800 nm
2#<"". Four true altitude is ##00 feet+ the I3- is 99#+ and the 5A? is N&0o$. What is %ensity Altitude( A ! $ % 0080 feet 8<20 feet 9280 feet 99&0 feet
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $ 2#2<8. @iven( Bressure Altitude G 29+000 ft EA? G 1#0o $alculate the %ensity Altitude A ! $ % 26+000 ft 20+000 ft &<+000 ft &&+#00 ft
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( ! 2#22<. @iven( :0.9 D/&00 EA? 100$ %etermine $A5( A ! $ % #00 =ts 28< =ts 29& =ts 268 =ts
061-0#-06 Constr/!t $- (osition

8##6. A /amberts $onical conformal chart has standard *arallels at 6&3 and "<3. What is the constant of the cone? A ! $ % 0.89< 0.088 0.6#6 0.000
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 8#89. @iven( A *olar stereogra*hic chart whose grid is aligned with the zero meridian. @rid trac= &""o /ongitude <<#o00W $alculate the true course? A ! $ % 099o 229o 209o 0"9o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! <0900. ?he great circle distance between *osition A 2#9o&".<3 008o08.".6 and ! 2&0o2#.93 <0<o#<.6W6 is( A ! $ % #+"00 3: <0+800 3: 2+000 3: <0+800 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A
<<00&. 2'efer to figure 06<1096 <&00 C?$ %' *osition &0o&03 02<o&0W alter heading BE'?E 5A3?E 3%! 2&&o0&3 0<6o2&W6 ?A5 "#0 =t+ Dorecast W4A &60o4&0 =t. $alculate the .?A at BE'?E 5A3?E 3%!( A <&"< ! <&"" $ <&"8 % 1 <&#" 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ <6200. Fou are flying from A 2#03 <0W6 to ! 2#83 02.6. At what longitude will the @reat $ircle trac= e7ual the 'humb /ine 2'/6 trac= between A and !( A ! $ % 06oW 0oW 0"oW 0"o.
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 2#202. At 360<0.0 on a :ercator chart the scale is <(# 000 000, the length of a line on the chart between $ 360<0.0 .008<0.0 and % 360<0.0 W008<0.0 is( A ! $ % <9.2 cm <6.2 cm <0.8 cm &#.6 cm
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $
2#206. @iven( Aircraft *osition 58000.0 .<"000.0 Aircraft trac=ing 02#o2@6 )f the grid is aligned with the @reenwich Anti1:eridian+ the ?rue trac= is( A ! $ % 2"#o 20#o <6#o 06#o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, Ans( %
061-0#-0: Name ran*e s(e!i)i!s o) ma;im/m ran*e an ra i/s o) a!tion

8#28. An aircraft was over I at <&20 hours flying direct to ' @iven( %istance I to ' &0<6 3: ?rue airs*eed "80 =t :ean wind com*onent EC? 190 =t :ean wind com*onent !A$H N0# =t ?he .?A for reaching the Boint of .7ual ?ime 2B.?6 between I and ' is( A ! $ % <820 <0#6 <0#2 <0"2
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 8#&0. An aircraft was over A at <"&# hours flying direct to !. @iven( %istance A to ! 2+900 3: ?rue airs*eed "00 =t :ean wind com*onent EC? N## =t :ean wind com*onent !A$H 10# =t. ?he .?A for reaching the Boint of .7ual ?ime 2B.?6 between A and ! is( A ! $ % <02< <0"" <8"6 <6#0
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( %
8#"<. @iven( %istance A to ! 2&"6 3: @rounds*eed EC? &6# =t @rounds*eed !A$H "80 =t 5afe endurance 8 -' &0 :)3 ?he time from A to the Boint of 5afe 'eturn 2B5'6 A is( A ! $ % <90 min 2<9 min 290 min 209 min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 8#"". ?wo *oints A and ! are <000 3: a*art. ?A5 G "90 =t. En the flight between A and ! the e7uivalent headwind is 120 =t. En the return leg between ! and A+ the e7uivalent headwind is N"0 =t. What distance from A+ along the route A to !+ is the Boint of .7ual ?ime 2B.?6? A ! $ % "00 3: #&0 3: "## 3: #00 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 8##2. An aircraft was over A at <"&# hours flying direct to ! @iven( %istance A to ! 2900 3: ?rue airs*eed "00 =t :ean wind com*onent EC? N## =t :ean wind com*onent !A$H 10# =t 5afe endurance 9 -' &0 :)3 ?he distance from A to the Boint of 5afe 'eturn 2B5'6 A is( A ! $ % 28"" 3: <6<< 3: <0#9 3: 2<"< 3:
8#09. @iven( %istance A to ! <90& 3: @rounds*eed EC? "&0 =t @rounds*eed !A$H &8# =t ?he time from A to the Boint of .7ual ?ime 2B.?6 between A and ! is( A ! $ % <"# min <&0 min <62 min <8< min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 8#9<. @iven( %istance A to ! 2"8" 3: :ean grounds*eed out "20 =t :ean grounds*eed bac= #00 =t 5afe endurance 08 -r &0 min ?he distance from A to the Boint of 5afe 'eturn 2B5'6 A is( A ! $ % <908 3: <9"0 3: <0&6 3: <6&0 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 8#9&. @iven( %istance I to ' <060 3: @rounds*eed out "&# =t @rounds*eed bac= &8# =t ?he time from I to the Boint of .7ual ?ime 2B.?6 between I and ' is( A ! $ % <<0 min <<" min <06 min <02 min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( !
860&. Drom the de*arture *oint+ the distance to the *oint of e7ual time is( A *ro*ortional to the sum of ground s*eed out and ground s*eed bac= ! inversely *ro*ortional to the sum of ground s*eed out and ground s*eed bac= $ inversely *ro*ortional to the total distance to go % inversely *ro*ortional to ground s*eed bac= 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 86<<. @iven( %istance A to ! 2"8" 3: @rounds*eed EC? "20 =t @rounds*eed !A$H #00 =t ?he time from A to the Boint of .7ual ?ime 2B.?6 between A and ! is( A ! $ % <0& min <6& min <9& min <8& min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 86<&. @iven( A% G Air distance @% G @round distance ?A5 G ?rue airs*eed @5 G @round s*eed Which of the following is the correct formula to calculate ground distance 2@%6 gone? A ! $ % @% G 2A% K @564?A5 @% G 2A% ?A564?A5 @% G A% K 2@5 ?A564@5 @% G ?A542@5 K A%6
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A
8622. @iven( %istance A to ! is &60 3: Wind com*onent A ! is 1<# =t Wind com*onent ! A is N<# =t ?A5 is <80 =t What is the distance from the e7ual1time1*oint to !? A ! $ % <00 3: <9# 3: <80 3: <6# 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % 862&. @iven( %istance A to ! &62& 3: @rounds*eed out &00 =t @rounds*eed bac= &00 =t ?he time from a to the Boint of .7ual ?ime 2B.?6 between A and ! is( A ! $ % &2& min 288 min 26& min 2&8 min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ <<0"0. An aircraft has a ?A5 of &00 =nots and a safe endurance of 0 hours. )f the wind com*onent on the outbound leg is #0 =nots head+ what is the distance to the *oint of safe endurance? A ! $ % <#00 nm <"#8 nm <#"" nm <622 nm
<<0"#. ?he distance from A to ! is 2&68 nautical miles. )f outbound grounds*eed in &6# =nots and homebound grounds*eed is "80 =nots and safe endurance is 8 hours &0 minutes+ what is the time to the B3'? A ! $ % 290 minutes 209 minutes 2<9 minutes <90 minutes
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A <<0#8. Dor a distance of <860 3: between I and '+ a ground s*eed EC? of &8# =t+ a ground s*eed !A$H of "6# =t and an endurance of 8 hr 2e8cluding reserves6 the distance from I to the *oint of safe return 2B5'6 is( A ! $ % 9&0 3: <#&2 3: <68# 3: <86# 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ <<06#. @iven( %istance I to ' <060 3: @rounds*eed out "&# =t @rounds*eed bac= &8# =t 5afe endurance 9 hr ?he distance from I to the Boint of 5afe 'eturn 2B5'6 between I and ' is( A ! $ % <&<& 3: <8&8 3: <"60 3: <6"2 3:
<<080. An aircraft was over I at <&20 hours flying direct to '. @iven( %istance I to ' &0<6 3: ?rue airs*eed "80 =t :ean wind com*onent out 90 =t :ean wind com*onent bac= N0# =t 5afe endurance <0(00 hr ?he distance from I to the Boint of 5afe 'eturn 2B5'6 I is( A ! $ % 2&00 3: 2290 3: <&<0 3: <#<0 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! <<09<. An aircraft ta=es off from an air*ort 2 hours before sunset. ?he *ilot flies a trac= of 090o2?6. W4A <&0o420 =t+ ?A5 <00 =t. )n order to return to the *oint of de*arture before sunset+ the furthest distance which may be travelled is( A ! $ % 90 3: <<# 3: <0# 3: 8" 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 2"0"2. ?he distance between *oint of de*arture and destination is &"0 3: and wind velocity in the whole area is <00o42# =t. ?A5 is <"0 =t. ?rue ?rac= is <&#o and safe endurance & hr and <0 min. -ow long will it ta=e to reach the Boint of 5afe 'eturn? A ! $ % < hr and "" min < hr and &0 min < hr and 2< min # hr and &0 min
061-0#-0< &is!ellaneo/s $- /n!ertainties an (ra!ti!al means o) !orre!tion

<6&<". $alculate the diat from 3 00< <# .090 00 to 5090 00( A ! $ % 9<o<#3 88o"#3 9<o<#5 268o<#3
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ <6&<#. $alculate the dlong from 300< <# .090 00 to 300< <# .0<# <#( A ! $ % 0"o"#. 0"o<#. 0"o"#W <0#o<#3
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $
061-0%
IN-F8IG.T NAVIGATION
061-0%-01 7se o) "is/al o2ser"ations an a((li!ation to in-)li*ht na"i*ation

8620. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 What is the symbol for an unlighted obstacle? A ! $ % <0 <" <# 9
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % 86&#. An island a**ears "#o to the right of the centre line on an airborne weather radar dis*lay. What is the true bearing of the aircraft from the island if at the time of observation the aircraft was on a magnetic heading 2:-6 of 2<#o with the magnetic variation 2AA'6 2<oW? A ! $ % <0<o 0#9o 2&9o &29o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 86&9. An island is observed to be <#o to the left. ?he aircraft heading is <20o2:6+ variation <0o2W6. ?he bearing 2o?6 from the aircraft to the island is( A ! $ % <22 088 268 &02
866". A ground feature was observed on a relative bearing of &<#o and & min later on a relative bearing of 200o. ?he W4A is calm, aircraft @5 <80 =t. What is the minimum distance between the aircraft and the ground feature? A ! $ % & 3: <2 3: 9 3: 6 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 8660. An island is observed by weather radar to be <#o to the left. ?he aircraft heading is <20o2:6 and the magnetic variation <0oW. What is the true bearing of the aircraft from the island? A ! $ % <22o &02o 088o 268o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % 8669. 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 What is the chart symbol for a lightshi*? A ! $ % <# <6 <0 <2
860&. An island a**ears &0o to the right of the centre line on an airborne weather radar dis*lay. What is the true bearing of the aircraft from the island if at the time of observation the aircraft was on a magnetic heading 2:-6 of &##o with the magnetic variation 2AA'6 <#o.? A ! $ % <60o <&0o 220o <90o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 860". 2'efer to figure 06<10<6 Which of the following is the symbol for an e8ce*tionally high 2over <000 feet A@/6 lighted obstruction? A ! $ % <& <0 <" <2
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 8600. %uring a low level flight 2 *arallel roads that are crossed at right angles by an aircraft. ?he time between these roads can be used to chec= the aircraft( A ! $ % grounds*eed *osition trac= drift
8000. An island a**ears 60o to the left of the centre line on an airborne weather radar dis*lay. What is the true bearing of the aircraft from the island if at the time of observation the aircraft was on a magnetic heading 2:-6 of 206o with the magnetic variation 2AA'6 <0o.? A ! $ % 0"6o 086o 226o 026o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 800<. An island a**ears &0o to the left of the centre line on an airborne weather radar dis*lay. What is the true bearing of the aircraft from the island if at the time of observation the aircraft was on a magnetic heading 2:-6 of 020o with the magnetic variation 2AA'6 2#o W? A ! $ % <"#o <9#o 20#o &2#o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 80<&. Fou are flying a AD' route and have become uncertain of your *osition. Which is the best course of action? A 5et heading towards a line feature coastline+ river+ or motorway ! ?urn round and fly your flight *lan trac=s in reverse until you see something you recognised before $ Dly a series of ever1e8*anding circles from your *resent *osition till you find your ne8t chec= *oint % ?urn round and fly your flight *lan in reverse bac= to base 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A
<<<06. A ground feature a**ears &0o to the left of the centre line of the $'? of an airborne weather radar. )f the heading of the aircraft is &##o 2:6 and the magnetic variation is <#o .ast+ the true bearing of the aircraft from the feature is( A ! $ % <60o 220o &<0o <&0o
061-0%-02 Na"i*ation in !lim2 an
es!ent
8629. @iven( Aircraft height 2#00 ft )/5 @B angle &o At what a**ro8imate distance from ?'- can you e8*ect to ca*ture the @B? A ! $ % <".# 3: 0.0 3: <&.< 3: 8.& 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % 86&". An aircraft is descending down a <2R slo*e whilst maintaining a @5 of #"0 =t. ?he rate of descent of the aircraft is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % 6#0 ft4min 6#00 ft4min "#00 ft4min &900 ft4min
86"0. En a <2R glide slo*e+ your ground s*eed is #"0 =nots. What is your rate of descent? A ! $ % 6##0 feet4min "820 feet4min 80"0 feet4min &<20 feet4min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 86"8. An aircraft at D/ &#0 is re7uired to commence descent when 8# 3: from a AE' and to cross the AE' at D/ 80. ?he mean @5 for the descent is &"0 =t. What is the minimum rate of descent re7uired? A ! $ % <900 ft4min <800 ft4min <600 ft4min <000 ft4min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 86#". An aircraft at D/ &&0 is re7uired to commence descent when 6# 3: from a AE' and to cross the AE' at D/ <00. ?he mean @5 during the descent is &&0 =t. What is the minimum rate of descent re7uired? A ! $ % <9#0 ft4min <6#0 ft4min <0#0 ft4min <8#0 ft4min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 86##. An aircraft at D/ &#0 is re7uired to descend to cross a %:. facility at D/80. :a8imum rate of descent is <800 ft4min and mean @5 for descent is 206 =t. ?he minimum range from the %:. at which descent should start is( A ! $ % 09 3: 69 3: "9 3: #9 3:
86#6. What is the effect on the :ach number and ?A5 in an aircraft that is climbing with constant $A5? A ! $ % :ach number decreases, ?A5 decreases :ach number remains constant, ?A5 increases :ach number increases, ?A5 increases :ach number increases, ?A5 remains constant
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 866&. Assuming zero wind+ what distance will be covered by an aircraft descending <#000 D? with a ?A5 of &20 =t and maintaining a rate of descent of &000 ft4min? A ! $ % 26.0 3: <9.2 3: &8." 3: <6.0 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 866#. At 6# nm from a AE' you commence a descent from D/ &&0 in order to arrive over the AE' at D/ <00. Four mean grounds*eed in the descent is 2"0 =nots. What rate of descent is re7uired? A ! $ % <"20 feet4min <6&0 feet4min <200 feet4min <8&0 feet4min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 8602. An aircraft at D/ &00 is re7uired to commence descent when <00 3: from a %:. facility and to cross the station at D/ <20. )f the mean @5 during the descent is &96 =t+ the minimum rate of descent re7uired is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % <6#0 ft4min 2"00 ft4min <000 ft4min <##0 ft4min
8680. @iven( )/5 @B angle G &.#o @5 G <#0 =t What is the a**ro8imate rate of descent? A ! $ % <000 ft4min 000 ft4min 900 ft4min 800 ft4min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 8680. At 0"22 an aircraft at D/ &00+ @5 &20 =t+ is on the direct trac= to AE' K <8# 3: distant. ?he aircraft is re7uired to cross AE' K at D/ 80. Dor a mean rate of descent of <800 ft4min at a mean @5 of 2&2 =t+ the latest time at which to commence descent is( A ! $ % 0""8 0""# 0"#< 0"#"
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 8690. An aircraft at D/ &#0 is re7uired to cross a AE'4%:. facility at D/<<0 and to commence descent when <00 3: from the facility. )f the mean @5 for the descent is &&# =t+ the minimum rate of descent re7uired is( A ! $ % <&90 ft4min <&"0 ft4min <2"0 ft4min <290 ft4min
8698. An aircraft at D/ &90 is re7uired to descend to cross a %:. facility at D/ 00. :a8imum rate of descent is 2#00 ft4min+ mean @5 during descent is 2"8 =t. What is the minimum range from the %:. at which descent should commence? A ! $ % #& 3: #8 3: 6& 3: 68 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 80<2. An aircraft at D/ 290 is re7uired to commence descent when #0 3: from a AE' and to cross that AE' at D/ 80. :ean @5 during descent is 20< =t. What is the minimum rate of descent re7uired? A ! $ % <000 ft4min 2000 ft4min <900 ft4min <800 ft4min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ <<<0<. An aircraft at D/ &00 is re7uired to commence descent at <20 3: from a AE' and to cross the facility at D/ <&0. )f the mean @5 for the descent is 288 =t+ the minimum rate of descent re7uired is( A ! $ % 960 ft4min 860 ft4min 890 ft4min 920 ft4min
<<<02. @iven( ?A5 G <90 =t ?rue course G 2"0o W4A G <804&0 =t %escent is initiated at D/ 220 and com*leted at D/ "0. %istance to be covered during descent is &9 3:. What is the a**ro8imate rate of descent? A ! $ % 800 ft4min <"00 ft4min 9#0 ft4min <#00 ft4min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 2"0<0. An aircraft is descending down a 6R slo*e whilst maintaining a @45 of &00 =t. ?he rate of descent of the aircraft is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % <800 ft4min <0800 ft4min &600 ft4min 900 ft4min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 2"0#0. ?he outer mar=er of an )/5 with a &o glide slo*e is located ".6 3: from the threshold. Assuming a glide slo*e height of #0 ft above the threshold+ the a**ro8imate height of an aircraft *assing the outer mar=er is( A ! $ % <"00 ft <"#0 ft <&#0 ft <&00 ft
2#<"&. !y what amount must you change your rate of descent given a <0 =not increase in headwind on a &o glideslo*e( A ! $ % #0 feet *er minute increase &0 feet *er minute increase #0 feet *er minute increase &0 feet *er minute decrease
061-0%-03 Na"i*ation in Cr/isin* Fli*ht1 7se o) Fi;es to -e"ise Na"i*ation $ata

862". )sogrivs on a chart indicate lines of( A ! $ % zero magnetic variation e7ual magnetic di* e7ual horizontal directive force e7ual grivation
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % 8626. @iven( .?A to cross a meridian is 2<00 C?$ @5 is ""< =t ?A5 is "9< =t At 20<0 C?$+ A?$ re7uests a s*eed reduction to cross the meridian at 2<0# C?$. ?he reduction to ?A5 will be a**ro8imately( A ! $ % 60 =t 90 =t 0# =t "0 =t
8628. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the radial and %:. distance from $onnaught AE'4%:. 2$E3+ #&##3 008"9W6 to overhead Abbey 5hrule aerodrome 2#&&63 000&9W6? A ! $ % &0" "0 nm <2" "0 nm 296 "6 nm <<6 "6 nm
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 86&0. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 Fou are on a heading of <0#o+ deviation & . W?% 3%! 2#2<<.&3 0000#.0W6 bears 0<&'+ $'H AE' 2#<#0."3 00829.0W6 I%: is 2<<. What is your *osition? A ! $ % #2"#3 000#0W #2283 00802W #"<23 006&9W #2<03 000"#W
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 86&6. An aircraft at D/ <"0+ )A5 2<0 =t+ EA? 1#o$ and wind com*onent minus &# =t+ is re7uired to reduce s*eed in order to cross a re*orting *oint # min later than *lanned. Assuming that flight conditions do not change+ when <#0 3: from the re*orting *oint the )A5 should be reduced by( A ! $ % 2# =t 20 =t &0 =t <# =t
86"<. An island a**ears &0o to the left of the centre line on an airborne weather radar dis*lay. What is the true bearing of the aircraft from the island if at the time of observation the aircraft was on a magnetic heading of 206o with the magnetic variation <2oW? A ! $ % &<8o 0#"o 2&"o 0&8o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 86"2. An aircraft is *lanned to fly from *osition A to *osition !+ distance "80 3: at an average @5 of 2"0 =t. )t de*arts A at <000 C?$. After flying <#0 3: along trac= from A+ the aircraft is 2 min behind *lanned time. Csing the actual @5 e8*erienced+ what is the revised .?A at !? A ! $ % <20& <206 <<#& <<#0
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 86"". 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 Herry 2#2<0.93 009&2.0W6 is "< nm %:.+ @alway #&<8.<3 008#6.#W6 is #0 nm %:.. What is your *osition? A ! $ % #2"23 00820W #2&03 008&"W #2##3 008<9W #2<93 00809W
86"6. @iven( -alf way between two re*orting *oints the navigation log gives the following information( ?A5 &60 =t W4A &&0o480 =t $om*ass heading 2&0o %eviation on this heading 1#o Aariation <9oW What is the average ground s*eed for this leg? A ! $ % &60 =t &#" =t &0& =t "0& =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % 86#0. An aircraft at D/ &<0+ :0.8&+ tem*erature 1&0o$+ is re7uired to reduce s*eed in order to cross a re*orting *oint five minutes later than *lanned. Assuming that a zero wind com*onent remains unchanged+ when &60 3: from the re*orting *oint :ach 3umber should be reduced to( A ! $ % : 0.06 : 0.0" : 0.08 : 0.80
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 86#&. ?A5 G 2"0 =nots ?he relative bearing from an 3%! is &<#' at <"<0. At <"20 the bearing has changed to 200'. What is your distance from the 3%! at <"20? A ! $ % "0 nm #0 nm 60 nm 00 nm
86#0. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 An aircraft is on the 02# radial from 5hannon AE' 25-A+ #2"&3 008#&W6 at "9 %:.. What is its *osition? A ! $ % #&293 009&0W #2&93 008&0W #2293 009&0W #&293 008&0W
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % 8660. An aircraft at *osition 20003 <0000W travels &000 =m on a trac= of <80?+ then &000 =m on a trac= of 090?+ then &000 =m on a trac= of 000?+ then &000 =m on a trac= of 200?. What is its final *osition? A ! $ % 20003 <0000W 00003 <0000W 20003 <0&<8W 20003 <"&00W
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 866<. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the mean true trac= and distance from the !A/ AE' 2#&<83 00620W6 to $D3 3%! 2##203 00820W6? A ! $ % &28o <2# <"8o <2# &28o <&" <"8o <&"
8666. A *ilot receives the following signals from a AE' %:. station( radial <80oN41 <o+ distance G 200 3:. What is the a**ro8imate error? A 1 N41 &.# 3: ! 1 N41 < 3: $ 1 N41 2 3: % 1 N41 0 3: 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 8600. An aircraft at D/ <20+ )A5 200 =t+ EA? 1#o and wind com*onent N&0 =t+ is re7uired to reduce s*eed in order to cross a re*orting *oint # min later than *lanned. Assuming flight conditions do not change+ when <00 3: from the re*orting *oint )A5 should be reduced to( A ! $ % <69 =t <6# =t <#9 =t <0" =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 868<. An aircraft is *lanned to fly from *osition A to *osition !+ distance &20 3:+ at an average @5 of <80 =t. )t de*arts A at <200 C?$. After flying 00 3: along trac= from A+ the aircraft is & min ahead of *lanned time. Csing the actual @5 e8*erienced+ what is the revised .?A at !? A ! $ % <"0< C?$ <&&& C?$ <&"0 C?$ <&"0 C?$
868#. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 Fou are at *osition #&"03 008"0W. What is the I%' from the 5-A AE' 2#2"&3 008#&W6? A ! $ % 2<0 0&0 209 029
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 869". An aircraft is *lanned to fly from *osition A to *osition !+ distance 2#0 3: at an average @5 of <<# =t. )t de*arts A at 0900 C?$. After flying 0# 3: along trac= from A+ the aircraft is <.# min behind *lanned time. Csing the actual @5 e8*erienced+ what is the revised .?A at !? A ! $ % <<<0 C?$ <<<# C?$ <0"" C?$ <0#0 C?$
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 869#. @iven( %istance A to ! G <20 3: After &0 3: aircraft is & 3: to the left of course What heading alteration should be made in order to arrive at *oint !? A ! $ % 8o left 6o right "o right 8o right
8002. What is the 'humb /ine trac= from A 2"#003 0<000W6 to ! 2"8&03 0<#00W6? A ! $ % &<# ? &&0 ? 2<# ? <#0 ?
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 800". A ground feature was observed on a relative bearing of &2#o and five minutes later on a relative bearing of 280o. ?he aircraft heading was <6#o2:6+ variation 2#oW+ drift <0o right and @5 &60 =t. When the relative bearing was 280o the distance and true bearing of the aircraft from the feature was( A ! $ % &0 3: and 2"0o "0 3: and <<0o "0 3: and 290o &0 3: and 060o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 80<<. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What is the a**ro8imate course 2?6 and distance between Waterford 3%! 2W?%+ #2<23 0000#W6 and 5ligo 3%! 25/@+ #"<03 008&6W6? A ! $ % &""o <&9 nm <6"o <&8 nm <#6o <&6 nm &&6o <&0 nm
<<09". An aircraft obtains a relative bearing of &<#o from an 3%! at 08&0. At 08"0 the relative bearing from the same *osition is 200o. Assuming no drift and a @5 of 2"0 =t+ what is the a**ro8imate range from the 3%! at 08"0? A ! $ % #0 3: "0 3: 60 3: &0 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! <<099. @iven( %istance A to ! is <00 3: Di8 obtained "0 3: along and 6 3: to the left of course What heading alteration must be made to reach !? A ! $ % 6o 'ight 9o 'ight <#o 'ight <8o 'ight
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ <<<00. @iven( %istance A to ! is 90 3: Di8 obtained 60 3: along and " 3: to the right of course What heading alteration must be made to reach !? A ! $ % "o /eft <6o /eft <2o /eft 8o /eft
<<<0&. ?he distance between *ositions A and ! is <80 3:. An aircraft de*arts *osition A and after having travelled 60 3:+ its *osition is *in*ointed " 3: left of the intended trac=. Assuming no change in wind velocity+ what alteration of heading must be made in order to arrive at *osition !? A ! $ % 6o 'ight 8o 'ight 2o /eft "o 'ight
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A <<<0". ?he distance between two way*oints is 200 3:. ?o calculate com*ass heading+ the *ilot used 2o. magnetic variation instead of 2oW. Assuming that the forecast W4A a**lied+ what will the off trac= distance be at the second way*oint? A ! $ % 0 3: 0 3: <" 3: 2< 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ <<<09. An aircraft at D/ &00+ :0.86+ EA? 1""o$+ headwind com*onent <<0 =t+ is re7uired to reduce s*eed in order to cross a re*orting *oint # min later than *lanned. )f the s*eed reduction were to be made "20 nm from the re*orting *oint+ what :ach 3umber is re7uired? A ! $ % : 0.09 : 0.0& : 0.0# : 0.8<
<<<<<. @iven( %istance A to ! is "0# 3:+ Blanned @5 &<# =t+ A?% <000 C?$+ <0"0 C?$ fi8 obtained <90 3: along trac=. What @5 must be maintained from the fi8 in order to achieve *lanned .?A at !? A ! $ % &20 =t &60 =t &00 =t &"0 =t
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % <"666. As the )35 *osition of the de*arture aerodrome+ co1ordinates &#o&2.03 <&9o"6.&W are in*ut instead of &#o&2.03 <&9o"6.&.. When the aircraft subse7uently *asses *oint #2o 3 <80oW+ the longitude value show on the )35 will be( A ! $ % 080o20."W 099o&2.6W 099o&2.6 . 080o20." .
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! <#""<. @iven( %istance A to ! <90& 3: @rounds*eed out "&0 =t @rounds*eed bac= &8# =t 5afe endurance 0 hr 20 min ?he distance from A to the Boint of 5afe 'eturn 2B5'6 A is( A ! $ % <66" nm <698 nm <"22 nm <"90 nm
<#""2. @iven( %istance A to ! 2&"6 3: @rounds*eed out &6# =t @rounds*eed bac= "80 =t ?he time from A to the Boint of .7ual ?ime 2B.?6 between A and ! is( A ! $ % <60 min 2<9 min 260 min <90 min
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! <6282. Fou are flying from A 2&05 20.6 to ! 2&05 20W6. What is the final @$ trac=? A ! $ % 2#0o 2?6 200o 2?6 280o 2?6 &00o 2?6
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ <6&<&. 'efer to figure 06<1026 What is the ?rue bearing of *oint A from *oint !? A ! $ % 000o 090o 200o &60o
2<692. An aircraft at latitude <0o 3orth flies south at a grounds*eed of ""# =m4hr. What will be its latitude after & hrs? A ! $ % 0&o #0;5 02o 00;5 <2o <#;5 22o 00;5
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 2"00&. 2'efer to figure 06<1<<6 @iven( $E3 AE' 23#&#".8 W008"9.<6 %:. &0 3: $'3 AE' 23 #&<8.< W008#6.#6 %:. 2# 3: Aircraft heading 200o2:6 !oth %:. distances decreasing What is the aircraft *osition? A ! $ % 3#&&0 W00820 3#&"& W0092# 3#&&# W0092# 3#&&0 W00820
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 2"0<". An island is observed to be &0o to the right of the nose of the aircraft. ?he aircraft heading is 290o2:6+ variation <0o2.6 ?he bearing 2o?6 from the aircraft to the island is( A ! $ % &&0 200 2#0 &<0
2#<"2. Fou are heading 080o? when you get a range and bearing fi8 from your AW' on a headland at <8# nm &0o left of the nose. What true bearing do you *lot on the chart? A ! $ % 0#0 from the headland+ using the headland;s meridian 0#0 from the headland+ using the aircraft;s meridian 2&0 from the headland+ using the headland;s meridian 2&0 from the headland+ using the aircraft;s meridian
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % 2#<"9. An aircraft starts from 250"00.0 W<08<2.26 and flies north for 29#0 nm along the meridian+ then west for &82 nm along the *arallel of latitude. What is the aircraft;s final *osition? A ! $ % 3"#<00 .<02<&8 3#&<20 W<69<22 3"#<00 W<69<22 3#&<20 .<02<&8
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 2#<#". An aircraft at latitude 506<2.0 trac=s 000o? for <660 =m. En com*letion of the flight the latitude will be( A ! $ % 52<<2.0 32<<2.# 308"8.0 309<".0
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 2#<90. An airraft de*arts from 302<2.0 .0"#0.0 on a trac= of <80o? and flies 68# =m. En com*letion of the flight the latitude will be( A ! $ % 5<<<2.# 508<&.0 50&#0.0 509<0.#
2#<9<. A is at 5"#00.0 W0<000.0 ! is at 5"#00.0 W0&000.0 ?he true course of an aircraft on its arrival at !+ to the nearest degree is( A ! $ % 26&o 200o 200o 28"o
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 2#<9#. An aircraft at *osition 60<0.03 00#<2.2W flies <6# =m due .ast. ?he aircraft;s new *osition is( A ! $ % 60<0.03 008<2.0. 60<0.03 002<2."W 60<0.03 00<<0.8. 60<0.03 00<<0.8W
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 2#&0". An aircraft at *osition 0000345 <6&20W flies a trac= of 22#o? for 00 nm. What is its new *osition? A ! $ % 00"93 <62&8W 00"95 <62&8W 00"93 <6"<6W 00"95 <6"<6W
061-0%-0# Fli*ht 8o*

8690. Fou are heading &"#:+ the variation is 20.+ and you ta=e a radar bearing of &0 left of the nose from an island. What bearing do you *lot? A ! $ % <60? <##? <"0? <80?
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l,
Ans( ! 869<. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 What are the symbols at @alway $arnmore 2#&<8.<3 008#6.#W6? A ! $ % AE'+ 3%!+ %:.+ com*ulsory re*orting *oint $ivil air*ort+ 3%!+ %:.+ non1com*ulsory re*orting *oint $ivil air*ort+ AE'+ %:.+ non1com*ulsory re*orting *oint AE'+ 3%!+ %:.+ non1com*ulsory re*orting *oint
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! 8692. 2'efer to 9e**esen 5tudent :anual chart .2/E6< or figure 06<1<<6 ?he air*ort at #2<<3 009&2W is( A ! $ % Herry $or= 5hannon Waterford
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 8009. ?he flight log gives the following data( ?rue trac=+ %rift+ ?rue heading+ :agnetic variation+ :agnetic heading+ $om*ass deviation+ $om*ass heading. ?he right solution+ in the same order+ is( A ! $ % <2#o+ 2o'+ <2&o+ 2oW+ <2<o+ 1"o+ <<0o <<#o+ #o'+ <20o+ &oW+ <2&o+ N2o+ <2<o <<0o+ "o/+ <2<o+ <o.+ <22o+ 1&o+ <<9o <<9o+ &o/+ <22o+ 2o.+ <20o+ N"o+ <<6o
2<600. 2'efer to figure 06<1066 $om*lete line 6 of the JD/)@-? 3AA)@A?)E3 /E@;+ *ositions J/; to J:;. what is the -%@o 2:6 and .?A? A ! $ % -%@ 06"o -%@ 00#o -%@ 000o -%@ 00#o .?A <""9 C?$ .?A <"#2 C?$ .?A <"#9 C?$ .?A <#02 C?$
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % 2<60&. 2'efer to figure 06<1066 $om*lete line & of the JD/)@-? 3AA)@A?)E3 /E@;+ *ositions J.; to JD;. What is the -%@o 2:6 and .?A? A ! $ % -%@ 09#o -%@ <06o -%@ <<#o -%@ <0#o .?A <<## C?$ .?A <2<# C?$ .?A <<"# C?$ .?A <20# C?$
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % 2<699. 2'efer to figure 06<1066 $om*lete line 2 of the JD/)@-? 3AA)@A?)E3 /E@;+ *ositions J$; to J%;. What is the -%@o 2:6 and .?A? A ! $ % -%@ <9&o -%@ <88o -%@ <9&o -%@ <8&o .?A <2&9 C?$ .?A <229 C?$ .?A <2"9 C?$ .?A <<#9 C?$
2<000. 2'efer to figures 06<106 and 06<10#6 $om*lete line < of the JD/)@-? 3AA)@A?)E3 /E@;, *ositions JA; to J!;. What is the -%@o 2:6 and .?A? A ! $ % 268o 282o 282o 268o <<<" C?$ <<28 C?$ <<<" C?$ <<28 C?$
061-0%-0% '/r(oses o) 4F&S5 Fli*ht &ana*ement Systems

86&8. Which of the following lists the first three *ages of the D:$4$%C normally used to enter data on initial start1u* of te !0&01"00 .lectronic Dlight )ntrument 5ystem? A ! $ % )%.3? '?. %.BA'?C'. BE5 )3)? '?. )%.3? )%.3? BE5 )3)? '?. BE5 )3)? '?. %.BA'?C'.
'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 86"#. )n the !0&01"00 Dlight :anagement 5ystem the $%Cs are used during *re1 flight to( A manully initialise the )'5s and D:$ with dis*atch information ! automatically initialise the )'5s and D:$ with dis*atch information $ manually initialise the Dlight %irector 5ystem and D:$ with dis*atch information % manually initialise the )'5s+ D:$ and Autothrotle with dis*atch information 'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A
86#9. )n which of the following situations is the D:$ *resent *osition of a !0&01"00 .lectronic Dlight )nstrument 5ystem li=ely to be least accurate? A ! $ % At to* of descent At to* of climb 9ust after ta=e1off En final a**roach
'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 860#. -ow is the radio *osition determined by the D:$ in the !0&01"00 .lectronic Dlight )nstrument 5ystem? A ! $ % %:. ranges and4or AE'4A%D bearings %:.4%:. or AE'4%:. %:.4%:. AE'4%:. range and bearing
'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 8606. What is the validity *eriod of the *ermanent data base of aeronautical information stored in the D:$ in the !0&01"00 Dlight :anagement 5ystem? A ! $ % 28 days Ene calendar month & calendar months <" days
'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 8689. Which com*onent of the !0&01"00 Dlight :anagement 5ystem 2D:56 is used to enter flight *lan routeing and *erformance *arameters? A ! $ % Dlight :anagement $om*uter :ulti1Dunction $ontrol %is*lay Cnit )nertial 'eference 5ystem Dlight %irector 5ystem
'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( !
800#. @iven( %istance A to ! is &2# 3: Blanned @5 &<# =t A?% <<&0 C?$ <20# C?$ fi obtained <6# 3: along trac= What @5 must be maintained from the fi8 in order to achieve *lanned .?A at !? A ! $ % &&# =t &0# =t &9# =t &## =t
'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % 8000. ?he *ur*ose of the Dlight :anagement 5ystem 2D:56 as for e8am*le installed in the !0&01"00 is to *rovide( A both manual navigation guidance and *erformance management ! manual navigation guidance and automatic *erformance management $ continuous automatic navigation guidance as well as manual *erformance management % continuous automatic navigation guidance and *erformance management 'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % 8008. Which of the following can all be stored as five letter way*oint identifiers through the $%C of a !0&01"00 .lectronic Dlight )nstrument 5ystem? A Way*oint names, navaid fre7uencies, runway codes, air*ort )$AE identifiers ! Airway names, navaid identifiers, air*ort names, way*oint code numbers $ Way*oint names, navaid identifiers, runway numbers, air*ort )$AE identifiers % Way*oint names, navaid *ositions, air*ort )$AE identifiers, air*ort names 'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $
80<0. Which D:$4$%C *age normally a**ears on initial *ower a**lication to the !0&01"00 .lectronic Dlight )nstrument 5ystem? A ! $ % )%.3? )3)?)A/ BE5 )3)? B.'D )3)?
'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( A 806#. What are the levels of message on the !oeing 0&01"00 D:$? A ! $ % Crgent and 'outine Briority and Alerting Alert and Advisory Crgent and Advisory
'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ <<096. Which of the following lists all the methods that can be used to enter $reated Way*oints into the $%C of a !0&01"00 .lectronic Dlight )nstrument 5ystem? A )dentifier bearing4distance, *lace bearing4*lace bearing, latitude and longitude,way*oint name ! )dentifier bearing4distance, *lace bearing4*lace distance, along4across trac= dis*lacement, latitude and longitude $ )dentifier bearing4distance, *lace distance4*lace distance, along trac= dis*lacement, latitude and longitude % )dentifier bearing4distance, *lace distance4*lace distance, along1trac= dis*lacement, latitude and longitude 'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $
<<<<0. What indication+ if any+ is given in the !0&01"00 Dlight :anagement 5ystem if radio u*dating is not available? A ! $ % A warning message is dis*layed on the )'5 dis*lays A warning message is dis*layed on the .-5) and :D%C A warning message is dis*layed on the Dlight %irector 5ystem 3o indication is given so long as the )'5 *ositions remain within limits
'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( ! <<<<2. What are+ in order of highest *riority followed by lowest+ the two levels of message *roduced by the $%C of the !0&01"00 .lectronic Dlight )nstrument 5ystem? A ! $ % Briority and Alerting Crgent and 'outine Alerting and Advisory Crgent and Advisory
'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ <#"<". An aero*lane flies from A 2#9o5 <"2oW6 to ! 26<o5 <"8oW6 with a ?A5 of "80 =t. ?he auto*ilot is engaged and cou*led with an )nertial 3avigation 5ystem in which A! trac= is active. En route A!+ the true trac=( A ! $ % varies by <0o decreases by 6o varies by "o increases by #o
'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( %
2"029. )n a Dlight :anagement 5ystem 2D:56+ control %is*lay Cnits 2$%Cs6 are used *re1flight to A manually initialise the Dlight %irector 5ystem and D:$ with dis*atch information ! automatically initialise the )'5s and D:$ with dis*atch information $ manually initialise the )'5s and D:$ with dis*atch information % manually initialise the )'5s+ D:$ and Air %ata $om*uter with dis*atch information 'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 2#<&<. When can a *ilot change the data in the D:5 data base? A ! $ % .very 28 days When deemed necessary When there is a fault -e can;t, for the *ilot the D:5 data base is read only
'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( % 2#<&". ?he D:$ *osition is( A ! $ % ?he average of the )'5 *ositions ?he average of the )'5 and radio navigation *ositions $om*uter generated from the )'5 and radio navigation *ositions $om*uter generated from the radio navigation *ositions
'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( $ 2#<&#. Which of the following can be in*ut to the D:$ using a ma8imum of # al*hanumerics( A ! $ % Way*oints+ latitude and longitude and 5)%s45?A's )$AE aerodrome indicators+ navigation facilities and 5)%s45?A's Way*oints+ airway designators and latitude and longitude 3avigation facilities+ re*orting *oints and airway designators
'ef( A)'( at*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l, Ans( %
061-06
INE-TIA8 NAVIGATION S=STE&S 4INS5 061-06-01 'rin!i(les an 'ra!ti!al a((li!ation
80<#. What does the sensor of an )354)'5 measure? A ! $ % Aelocity Brecession -orizontal .arth 'ate Acceleration
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 80<6. An )35 *latform is =e*t at right angles to local gravity by a**lying corrections for the effects of( i. ii. iii. iv. v. A ! $ % Aircraft manoeuvres .arth rotation ?rans*ort wander $oriolis @yrosco*ic inertia i+ iii and v ii+ iii and v ii+ iv and v ii+ iii and iv
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 80<0. ?he term drift refers to the wander of the a8is of a gyro in( A ! $ % the vertical and horizontal *lane the vertical *lane the horizontal *lane any *lane
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $
80<8. What additional information is re7uired to be in*ut to an )nertial 3avigation 5ystem 2)356 in order to obtain an W4A readout? A ! $ % :ach 3umber )A5 Altitude and EA? ?A5
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 802<. )n an )'5( A ! $ % the accelerometers are stra**ed down but the *latform is gyro stabilised the *latform is stra**ed down but the accelerometers are gyro1stabilised accelerometers and *latform are both gyro1stabilised accelerometers and *latform are both stra**ed down
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 802#. )n order to maintain an accurate vertical using a *endulous sytem+ an aircraft inertial *latform incor*orates a device( A ! $ % without dam*ing and a *eriod of 8"." min with dam*ing and a *eriod of 8"." min without dam*ing and a *eriod of 8"." sec with dam*ing and a *eriod of 8"." sec
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( ! 8020. With reference to inertial navigation systems+ a ?A5 in*ut is( A ! $ % not re7uired re7uired to *rovide a W4A read out re7uired for Bolar navigation re7uired for rhumb line navigation
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( !
80&#. )n what *lane is gyro wander =nown as drift? A ! $ % -orizontal Aertical -orizontal and vertical 3either it is a se*arate *henomenon
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( A 80"#. )n a ring laser gyro+ the *ur*ose of the dither motor is to( A ! $ % enhance the accuracy of the gyro at all rotational rates overcome laser loc= com*ensate for trans*ort wander stabilise the laser fre7uencies
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( ! 80"9. An )nertial 3avigation 5ystem+ what is the out*ut of the first stage 3orth45outh integrator? A ! $ % @rounds*eed /atitude Aelocity along the local meridian $hange of latitude
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 80#0. What measurement is used to carry out alignment of an )nertial 3avigation 5ystem? A ! $ % Acceleration sensed by the east gyro horizontal accelerometer Acceleration sensed by the north gyro horizontal accelerometer Acceleration sensed by the north gyro ertical accelerometer %ifference in magnitude of the value of gravity com*ared with the gravity at the last =nown *osition
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( A
806". ?he resultant of the first integration of the out*ut from the east4west accelerometer of an inertial navigation system 2)356 in 3AA :E%. is( A ! $ % velocity along the local *arallel of latitude change of longitude vehicle longitude de*arture
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( A 800#. What is the name given to an )nertial 'eference 5ystem 2)'56 which has the gyros and accelerometers as *art of the units fi8ture to the aircraft structure? A ! $ % 5olid state 'igid 5tra*down 'ing laser
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 8008. Ene of the errors inherent in a ring laser gyrosco*e occurs at low in*ut rotation rates tending towards zero when a *henomenon =nown as loc=1in is e8*erienced. What is the name of the techni7ue+ effected by means of a *iezo1 electric motor+ that is used to correct this error? A ! $ % %ither $avity rotation Lero dro* !eam loc=
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( A 8082. )n an )nertial 3avigation 5ystem 2)356+ @round s*eed 2@56 is calculated( A ! $ % from ?A5 and W4A from '3AA data from ?A5 and W4A from Air %ata $om*uter 2A%$6 by integrating measured acceleration by integrating gyro *recession in 345 and .4W directions res*ectively
808&. ?he resultant of the first integration from the north4south accelerometer of an inertial navigation system 2)356 in the 3AA :E%. is( A ! $ % latitude grounds*eed change latitude velocity along the local meridian
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 8092. )'5 differs from )35 in that it( A has a longer s*in1u* time and is not affected by vertical accelerations due to gravity ! has a shorter s*in1u* time and suffers from laser loc= $ does not need to correct for coriolis and central acceleration % does not e8*erience 5chuler errors as accelerometers are stra**ed down and are not rotated by a A4' feedbac= loo* 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( ! 8802. %ouble integration of the out*ut from the east4west accelerometer of an inertial navigation system 2)356 in the 3AA :E%. give( A ! $ % distance north4south vehicle longitude distance east4west velocity east4west
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 880&. 5ome inertial reference systems are =nown as stra*down. ?his means( A ! $ % the system is mounted on a stabilised *latform the system is mounted and fi8ed to the aircraft structure the accelerometers are fi8ed bu the gyros are stabilised the gyros are fi8ed but the accelerometers are stabilised
<"66#. 5ome inertial reference and navigation systems are =nown as stra*down. ?his means that( A only the gyros and not the accelerometers+ become *art of the units fi8ture to the aircraft structure ! gyros+ and accelerometers are mounted on a stabilised *latform in the aircraft $ gyros and accelerometers need satellite information in*ut to obtain a vertical reference % the gyrosco*es and accelerometers become *art of the units fi8ture to the aircraft structure 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % <#"#0. ?he *rinci*le of 5chuler ?uning as a**lied to the o*eration of inertial 3avigation 5ystems )nertial 'eference 5ystems is a**licable to( A both gyro1stabilised *latform and stra*down systems ! only gyro1stabilised systems $ both gyro1stabilised and laser gyro systems but only when o*erating in the non stra*down mode % only to stra*down laser gyro systems 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( A 2"008. After alignment of the stable *latform of an )nertial 3avigation 5ystem+ the out*ut data from the *latform is( A ! $ % acceleration north4south and east4west and true heading latitude+ longitude and attitude acceleration north4south and east4west+ attitude and true heading latitude+ longitude and true heading
2"0&0. )n an )nertial 'eference 5ystem+ accelerations are measured in relation to( A ! $ % the direction of true north W@5 8" .arth co1ordinates local vertical at the aircraft *osition aircraft a8is
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 2"0&&. )nertial 'eference 5ystem sensors include( A one east1west and one north1south gyro, one east1west and one north1 south accelerometer ! accelerometers mounted in the direction of the aircraft a8is $ laser gyros mounted in the direction of the aircraft a8is % accelerometers+ and laser gyros+ mounted in the direction of the aircraft a8is 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 2"0#<. ?he *latform of an inertial navigation system 2)356 is maintained at right angles to the local vertical by a**lying corrections for the effects of( A ! $ % aircraft manoeuvres+ earth rotation+ trans*ort wander and coriolis gyrosco*ic inertia+ earth rotation and real drift vertical velocities+ earth *recession+ centrifugal forces and trans*ort drift movement in the yawing *lane+ secondary *recession and *endulous oscillation
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( A 2"0#2. ?he *ur*ose of the ?A5 in*ut+ from the air data com*uter+ to the )nertial 3avigation 5ystem is for( A ! $ % *osition u*date in Attitude mode the calculation of wind velocity *osition u*date in 3avigation mode the calculation of drift
2#<&9. A laser reference system 2)'56+ as com*ared to a gyro reference system 2)356( A ! $ % is not stra**ed down and is adversely affected by g1forces is stra**ed down and is not adversely affected by g1forces the *latform is stra**ed down but the accelerometers are not the accelerometers are stra**ed down but the *latform is not
061-06-02 Ali*nment 'ro!e /res

80&". Which of the following statements concerning the aircraft *ositions indicated on a tri*le fit )nertial 3avigation 5ystem 2)3564)nertial 'eference 5ystem 2)'56 on the $%C is correct? A ?he *ositions will only differ if one of the systems has been decou*led because of a detected malfunction ! ?he *ositions will be the same because they are an average of three difference *ositions $ ?he *ositions are li=ely to differ because they are calculated from different sources % ?he *ositions will only differ if an error has been made when in*utting the *resent *osition at the de*arture air*ort 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 80&9. After alignment+ is it *ossible to u*date )'5 *ositions? A Fes by o*eration of the ?E4@A switch+ the runway threshold co1 ordinates are inserted into the )'5 ! 3o $ Fes+ the *ilots can insert u*dates % Fes+ the*rocess is automatic in flight from the %:.s 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( !
80"&. Alignment of )35 and )'5 e7ui*ments can ta=e *lace in which of the following modes? A ! $ % A?? and A/)@3 3AA and A/)@3 A/)@3 and A?? 3AA and A??
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( ! 80#9. Which of the following statements concerning the loss of alignment by an )nertial 'eference 5ystem 2)'56 in flight is correct? A )t is not usable in any mode and must be shut down for the rest of the flight ! ?he )'5 has to be cou*led to the remaining serviceable system and a realignment carried out in flight $ ?he mode selector has to be rotated to A?? then bac= through A/)@3 to 3AA in order to obtain an in1flight realignment % ?he navigation mode+ including *resent *osition and ground s*eed out*uts+ in ino*erative for the remainder of the flight 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 8060. %uring initial alignment an inertial navigation system is north aligned by in*uts from( A horizontal accelerometers and the east gyro ! the aircraft remote reading com*ass system $ com*uter matching of measured gravity magnitude to gravity magnitude of initial alignment % vertical accelerometers and the north gyro 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( A
8062. %uring the initial alignment of an inertial navigation system 2)356 the e7ui*ment( A will acce*t a <0o error in initial latitude but will not acce*t a <0o error in initial longitude ! will not acce*t a <0o error in initial latitude but will acce*t a <0o error in initial longitude $ will acce*t a <0o error in initial latitude and initial longitude % will not acce*t a <0o error in initial latitude or initial longitude 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( ! 8060. When initial *osition is *ut into an D:5+ the system( A ! $ % re>ects initial latitude error+ but it will acce*t longitude error re>ects initial longitude error+ but it will acce*t latitude error re>ects initial latitude or longitude error cannot detect in*ut errors+ and acce*ts whatever is *ut in
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 8002. Which of the following statements is correct concerning gyro1com*assing of an inertial navigation system 2)356? A @yro1com*assing of an )35 is *ossible in flight because it can differentiate between movement induced and misalignment induced accelerations ! @yro1com*assing of an )35 is not *ossible in flight because it cannot differentiate between movement induced and misalignment induced accelerations $ @yro1com*assing of an )35 is *ossible in flight because it cannot differentiate between movement induced and misalignment induced accelerations % @yro1com*assing of an )35 is not *ossible in flight because it can differentiate between movement induced and misalignment induced accelerations 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( !
8006. ?he alignment time+ at mid1latitudes+ for an )nertial 'eference 5ystem using laser ring gyros is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % # min 20 min 2 min <0 min
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 809". A *ilot accidently turning EDD the )35 in flight+ and then turns it bac= E3 a few moments later. Dollowing this incident( A ! $ % everything returns to normal and is usable no useful information can be obtained from the )35 it can only beused for attitude reference the )35 is usable in 3AA :E%. after a *osition u*date
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 809#. Which of the following statements concerning the alignment *rocedure for )nertial 3avigation 5ystems 2)354)nertial 'eference 5ystems 2)'56 at mid1 latitudes is correct? A ! $ % )354)'5 can only be aligned in the A/)@3 mode )354)'5 can be aligned in either the A/)@3 or 3AA mode )354)'5 can be aligned in either the A/)@3 or A?? mode )354)'5 can only be aligned in 3AA mode
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( ! 880<. When and where are )'5 *ositions u*dated? A ! $ % %uring all *hases of flight Enly on the ground during the alignment *rocedure When the D:5 is in )'5 E3/F 3AA o*eration When the A-D 3av 'adios are selected to AC?E
2"009. After alignment of the stable *latform of the )nertial 3avigation 5ystem+ the out*ut data from the )35 com*uter to the *latform is( A ! $ % rate corrections to the gyros accelerations from the accelerometers attitude latitude and longitude
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( A 2"0"0. ?he data that needs to be inserted into an )nertial 'eference 5ystem in order to enable the system to ma=e a successful alignment for navigation is( A ! $ % air*ort )$AE identifier aircraft heading the *osition of an in1range %:. aircraft *osition in latitude and longitude
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 2"0"". ?he full alignment of the stable *latform on an )nertial 3avigation 5ystem( A ! $ % may be carried out on the ground or when in straight and level flight may be carried out during any *hase of flight is only *ossible on the ground when the aircraft is at a com*lete sto* may be carried out at any time so long as an accurate *osition is inserted into the system
061-06-03 A!!/ra!y1 relia2ility1 errors an !o"era*e o) INS>I-S

808". ?he drift of the azimuth gyro on an inertial unit induces an error in the *osition given by this unit. ? being the ela*sed time. ?he total error is( A ! $ % sinusoidal *ro*ortional to the s7uare of time+ t? *ro*ortional to t42 *ro*ortional to t
'ef( A)'( at*l,
Ans( % 8099. ?he azimuth gyro of an inertial unit has a drift of 0.0<o4hr. After a flight of <2 hrs with a ground s*eed of #00 =t+ the error on the aero*lane *osition is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % 6 3: < 3: <2 3: 60 3:
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ <"66". ?he *latform of an inertial navigation system 2)356 is maintained at right angles to the local vertical by a**lying corrections for the effects of( A gyrosco*ic inertia+ earth *recession and *endulous oscillation ! vertical velocities+ earth *recession+ centrifugal forces and trans*ort drift $ movements in the yawing *lane+ secondary *recession and *endulous oscillation % aircraft manoeuvres+ earth rotation+ trans*ort wander and coriolis 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % <#""9. Which of the following lists+ which com*ares an )nertial 'eference 5ystem that utilises 'ing /aser @yrosco*es 2'/@6 instead of conventional gyrosco*es+ is com*letely correct? A ?he *latform is=e*t stable relative to the earth mathematically rather than mechanically but it has a longer s*in u* time ! )t does not suffer from loc= in error and it is insensitive to gravitational 2g6 forces $ ?here is little or no s*in u* time and it does not suffer from loc= in error % ?here is little or no s*in u* time and it is insensitive to gravitational 2g6 forces 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( %
2#<&6. $om*aring the Bresent Bosition dis*lay on the !oeing 0&01"00 D:$+ you note that there is a <01mile difference between the left )'5 and the right )'5 *ositions. ?his means that( A Ene system is in )'5 E3/F 3AA o*eration and the other has the A-D 3ay 'adios selected to AC?E ! 3o s*ecial significance this is normal $ At least one of the )'5 is drifting % Ene *osition has been com*uter generated from radio nay *ositions whilst the other is raw )'5 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 2#<&0. Within the *latform levelling loo* of an earth1vertical referenced )35( A ! $ % ?he levelling signals are unbounded+ with a *eriod of 8"." seconds ?he levelling signals are bounded with a *eriod of 8"." minutes ?he levelling signals are unbounded+ with a *eriod of 8"." minutes ?he levelling signals are bounded+ with a *eriod of 8"." seconds
061-06-0# Fli*ht e!6 e9/i(ment an o(eration

8020. An aircraft e7ui**ed with an )nertial 3avigation 5ystem 2)356 flies with )35 < cou*led with auto*ilot <. !oth inertial navigation systems are navigating from way*oint A to !. ?he inertial systems $entral %is*lay Cnits 2$%C6 shows( -?T3 on INS 1 @ 0 A?T3 on INS 2 @ B8 4?T3 @ !ross tra!65 Drom this information it can be deduced that( A ! $ % the auto*ilot is unserviceable in 3AA mode only inertial navigation system 3o. 2 is drifting only inertial navigation system 3o. < is drifting at least one of the inertial navigation systems is drifting
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( %
80&<. A?? :ode of the )nertial 'eference 5ystem 2)'56 is a bac=1u* mode *roviding( A ! $ % only attitude and heading information only attitude information navigation information altitude+ heading and *osition information
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( A 80&". Which of the following statements concerning the aircraft *ositions indicated on a tri*le fit )nertial 3avigation 5ystem 2)3564)nertial 'eference 5ystem 2)'56 on the $%C is correct? A ?he *ositions will only differ if one of the systems has been decou*led because of a detected malfunction ! ?he *ositions will be the same because they are an average of three different *ositions $ ?he *ositions are li=ely to differ because they are calculated from different sources % ?he *ositions will only differ if an error has been made when in*utting the *resent *osition at the de*arture air*ort 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 80&6. )n the !oeing 0&01"00 D:5+ the $%C is used to( A manually initialise the )'5 and D:$ with dis*atch information ! automatically initialise the )'5 and D:$ with dis*atch information $ manually initialise the Dlight %irector 5ystem and D:$ with dis*atch information % manually initialise the Dlight %irector 5ystem+ D:$ and Autothrottle with dis*atch information 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( A
80&0. ?he *eriod of validity of an D:5 database is( A ! $ % #6 days one wee= 28 days varies de*ending on the area of o*erational cover
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 80"0. What are the *ositions 2in the order left to right6 on the !oeing 0&01"00 )'5 :5C mode selector? A ! $ % EDD 5?!F A/)@3 3AA EDD E3 A/)@3 3AA EDD 5?!F A?? 3AA EDD A/)@3 3AA A??
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 80"". With reference to an inertial navigation system 2)356 the initial great circle trac= between com*uter inserted way*oints will be dis*layed when the control dis*lay unit 2$%C6 is selected to( A ! $ % ?H4@5 -%@4%A %5'?H45?5 K?H4?H.
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 80"8. En a tri*le1fit )'5 system+ *resent *ositions on the $%C( A will only differ if one )'5 has been decou*led due to a detected malfunction ! will only differ if an initial in*ut error of aircraft *osition has been made $ are li=ely to differ as the information comes from different sources % will not differ as the information is averaged 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $
80#0. Aircraft *osition determined by radio navigation in an D:$ is derived from( A ! $ % AE'4%:. %:. ranges and4or AE'4A%D bearings AE'4A%D %:. only
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 80##. Way*oints can be entered in an )35 memory in different formats. )n which of the following formats can way*oints be entered into all )35s? A ! $ % !earing and distance @eogra*hic co1ordinates -e8adecimal !y way*oints name
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( ! 80#6. When is the last *oint at which an )35 or )'5 may be selected to 3AA mode? A ! $ % After *assengers and freight are aboard )mmediately *rior to *ush bac= or ta8i from the gate At the holding *oint En o*eration of the ?E@A switch when o*ening the throttles for the ta=e1 off
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( ! 80#8. Which of the following correctly lists the order of available selections of the :ode 5elector switches of an inertial reference system 2)'56 mode *anel? A ! $ % EDD EDD EDD EDD E3 A/)@3 3AA A/)@3 3AA A?? 5?!F A/)@3 3AA A/)@3 A?? 3AA
806<. En the )'5+ selection of A?? mode gives? A ! $ % attitude and heading altitude+ heading+ and grounds*eed altitude+ attitude+ and heading attitude information only
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( A 8000. En an )35+ what is the out*ut of the .4W second1stage integrator? A ! $ % Aelocity 345 %istance 345 %istance .4W Aelocity .4W
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 8080. @yro1com*assing of an inertial reference system 2)'56 is accom*lished with the mode selector switched to( A ! $ % A??4'.D 5?!F A/)@3 E3
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 809<. Which of the following statements concerni=ng the o*eration of an )nertial 3avigation 5ystem 2)3564)nertial 'eference 5ystem 2)'56 is correct? A 3AA mode must be selected *rior to movement of the aircraft off the gate ! 3AA mode must be selected on the runway >ust *rior to ta=e1off $ 3AA mode must be selected *rior to the loading of *assengers and4or freight % 3AA mode must be selected when the alignment *rocedure is commenced 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( A
880". What method of entering way*oints can be used on all )35 e7ui*ments? A ! $ % %istance and bearing Way*oint name 3avaid identifier /atitude and longitude
061-06-0% INS o(eration

80<9. @yro1com*assing in an )35( A is *ossible in flight as the gyros can differentiate between acceleration due to aircraft movement and initial alignment errors ! is not *ossible in flight as the gyros can differentiate between acceleration due to aircraft movement and initial alignment errors $ is not *ossible in flight as the gyros cannot differentiate between acceleration due to aircraft movement and initial alignment errors % is *ossible in flight as the gyros cannot differentiate between acceleration due to aircraft movement and initial alignment errors 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 8022. )n what formats can created way*oints be entered into the scratch *ad of the !0&01"00 D:5? A Blace !earing4%istance+ Blace %istance4Blace %istance+ Along1?rac= %is*lacement+ /atitude and /ongitude ! Blace !earing4%istance+ Blace !earing4Blace !earing+ Across1?rac= %is*lacement+ /atitude and /ongitude $ Blace !earing4%istance+ Blace !earing4Blace !earing+ Along1?rac= %is*lacement+ /atitude and /ongitude % Blace+ Blace !earing4%istance+ Along1?rac= %is*lacement+ /atitude and /ongitude 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $
802". ?he following *oints are entered into an inertial navigation system 2)356. WB? <(60o3 &0oW, WB? 2(60o3 20oW, WB? &(60o3 <0oW ?he inertial navigation system is connected to the automatic *ilot on route 2<1 21&6. ?he trac= change when *assing WB? 2 will be a**ro8imately( A ! $ % a 9o increase zero a 9o decrease a "o decrease
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 8026. ?he automatic flight control system 2AD$56 in an aircraft is cou*led to the guidance out*uts from an inertial navigation system 2)356. ?he aircraft is flying between inserted way*oints 3o. & 2##o003 020o00W6 and 3o. " 2##o003 0&0o00W6. With %5'?H45?5 selected on the $%C+ to the nearest whole degree+ the initial trac= read1out from way*oint 3o. & will be( A ! $ % 208o 20"o 266o 200o
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( ! 8029. ?he sensors of an )35 measure( A ! $ % *recession velocity the horizontal com*onent of the earth;s rotation acceleration
80&8. What is the source of magnetic variation information in a Dlight :anagement 5ystem 2D:56? A :agnetic variation is calculated by each )'5 based on the res*ective )'5 *osition and the aircraft magnetic heading ! ?he main directional gyro which is cou*led to the magnetic sensor 9flu8 valve6 *ositioned in the wing1ti* $ ?he D:5 calculates :- and :? from the D:$ *osition % :agnetic variation information is stored in each )'5 memory, it is a**lied to the true heading calculated by the res*ective )'5 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 80"<. Where and when are the )'5 *ositions u*dated? A %uring flight )'5 *ositions are automatically u*dated by the D:$ ! Enly on the ground during the alignment *rocedure $ )'5 *ositions are u*dated by *ressing the ?a=e1off4@o1around button at the start of the ta=e1off roll % C*dating is normally carried out by the crew when over1flying a =nown *osition 2AE' station or 3%!6 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( ! 80"0. An aircraft at D/ <"0+ )A5 2<0 =t+ EA? 1#o$ and wind com*onent minus &# =t+ is re7uired to reduce s*eed in order to cross a re*orting *oint # min later than *lanned. Assuming that flight conditions do not change+ when <#0 nm from the re*orting *oint the s*eed must be reduced by( A ! $ % <# =nots 2# =nots &0 =nots 20 =nots
80#&. ?he automatic flight control system is cou*led to the guidance out*uts from an inertial navigation system. Which *air of latitudes will give the greatest difference between initial trac= read1out and the average true course given+ in each case+ a difference of longitude of <0o? A ! $ % &0o5 to 2#o5 60o3 to #0o3 &0o5 to &0o3 60o3 to 80o3
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( % 8069. An aircraft travels from *oint A to *oint !+ using the auto*ilot connected to the aircraft;s inertial system. ?he co1ordinates of A 2"#o5 0<0oW6 and ! 2"#o5 0&0oW6 have been entered. ?he true course of the aircraft on its arrival at !+ to the nearest degree+ is( A ! $ % 200o 28"o 26&o 200o
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 800&. ?he automatic flight control system 2AD$56 in an aircraft is cou*led to the guidance out*uts from an inertial navigation system 2)356 and the aircraft is flying from way*oint 3o. & 260o005 000o00W6 to 3o. & 260o005 080o00W6. $om*aring the initial trac= 2o?6 at 000o00W and the final trac= 2o?6 at 080o00W+ the difference between them is that the initial trac= is a**ro8imately( A ! $ % 9o greater than the final one #o greater than the final one 9o less than the final one #o less than the final one
8090. Which of the following statements concerning the *osition indicated on the )nertial 'eference 5ystem 2)'56 dis*lay is correct? A ! $ % )t is u*dated when go1around is selected on ta=e1off )t is constantly u*dated from information obtained by the D:$ )t is not u*dated once the )'5 mode is set to 3AA ?he *ositions from the two )'5s are com*ared to obtain a best *osition which is dis*layed on the )'5
'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( $ 809<. Which of the following statements concerning the o*eration of an )nertial 3avigation 5ystem 2)356 4)nertial 'eference 5ystem 2)'56 is correct? A 3AA mode must be selected *rior to movement of the aircraft off the gate ! 3AA mode must be selected on the runway >ust *rior to ta=e1off $ 3AA mode must be selected *rior to the loading of *assengers and4or freight % 3AA mode must be selected when the alignment *rocedure is commenced 'ef( A)'( at*l, Ans( A 2<"#&. An aircraft is flying with the aid of an inertial navigation system 2)356 connected to the auto*ilot. ?he following two *oints have been entered in the )35 com*uter( WB? <( 60o3 0&0oW WB? 2( 60o3 020oW When 02#oW is *assed the latitude shown on the dis*lay unit of the inertial navigation system will be( A ! $ % 60o 00.0;3 #9o "9.0;3 60o <<.0;3 60o 0#.0;3
2##06. What is the se7uence of *ages on start1u* of the !oeing 0&01"00 D:5? A ! $ % BE5 )3)?+ )%.3?+ %.BA'?C'.5 )%.3?+ BE5 )3)?+ '?. BE5 )3)?+ '?.+ )%.3? )%.3?+ BE5 )3)?+ %.BA'?C'.5

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061 GENERAL NAVIGATION

061-01 BASICS OF NAVIGATION 061-01-01 The Solar System

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !

061-01-02 The Earth

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( %

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

061-01-03 Time an time !on"ersions

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( %

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( %

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( %

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( %

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

&AGNETIS& AN$ CO&'ASSES 061-02-01 General 'rin!i(les

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

061-02-02 Air!ra)t &a*netism

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( !

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( %

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

061-02-03 'rin!i(les+ $ire!t , -emote -ea in* Com(asses

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( $

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

061-03-01 General (ro(erties o) mis!ellaneo/s ty(es o) (ro0e!tions

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( %

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( %

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( %

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( %

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( %

061-03-02 -e(resentation o) meri ians1 (arallel1 *reat !ir!les , rh/m2 lines

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

'ef( A)'( at*l+ c*l, -./)( at*l+ c*l Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( A

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( !

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( $

'ef( A)'( atl+ cl, -./)( atl+ cl Ans( %