Valve-operated servo controls the amount of fluid flowing into the system from the pump. Pump-operated valve adjusts the delivery of a variabledisplacement pump to the required flow rate. Servo valve usually incorporates an underlap spool to achieve high response rates near the null point.
Valve-operated servo controls the amount of fluid flowing into the system from the pump. Pump-operated valve adjusts the delivery of a variabledisplacement pump to the required flow rate. Servo valve usually incorporates an underlap spool to achieve high response rates near the null point.
Valve-operated servo controls the amount of fluid flowing into the system from the pump. Pump-operated valve adjusts the delivery of a variabledisplacement pump to the required flow rate. Servo valve usually incorporates an underlap spool to achieve high response rates near the null point.
Hydraulic control systems fall into two main group: 1- Digital control 2- Analog control
In digital system, the control signal can only have two states, on or off. Example:
In analogue system, the signal is dependent upon the quantity being measured. The signal can have any value between the limits set by the control device. Example: Weighing machine
Servo Hydraulic Systems
Hydraulic servo systems generally fall into two groups- Valve-Operated Servos: The valve-operated servo controls the amount of fluid flowing into the system from the pump. This can generates considerable heat resulting in an efficient system.
Pump-Operated Servos: The pump-operated servo adjusts the delivery of a variable- displacement pump to the required flow rate. This gives more efficient system with less energy loss.
Valve Servo Systems Flow through the control orifice is usually considered to be turbulent and the quantity of a fluid flowing can be given by:
P x A K Q ) ( = Where Q is flow, A is orifice area, dP is the pressure drop over the orifice and K is a constant which may include the function of the orifice characteristics, velocity of the fluid and the Rynolds Number. Servo and Proportional Valves -2
The flow from zero lap spool is directly proportional to the spool movement The overlap spool has a dead zone in which no flow occurs; this dead zone is equal to the overlap. An underlap valve gives a high flow rate when the spool is in the underlap area near zero displacement or null point. A servo valve usually incorporates an underlap spool to achieve high response rates near the null point.
Servo and Proportional Valves -3 Electro- Hydraulic Servo Valves
For directly operated spool-type servo valve, to overcome the effects of static spool friction and improve valve response, the spool is kept constantly moving by superimposing a dither signal upon the control signal. The dither signal is a very low amplitude alternating current at approximately 100 Hz.
Proportional Valves
In proportional valves, a proportional solenoid is used to drive the spool of the valve. This can be utilized in the design of a proportional DC solenoid in which the force exerted by the armature is proportional to the current flowing and independent of the armature movement over the working range of the solenoid.
Force Position Control The electrical control to the proportional valve normally uses a variable current rather than a variable voltage. Should a voltage control system be adopted, any variation in coil resistance, caused by a temperature change, will result in a change of current although the voltage remains fixed. This problem is eliminated by using a current control system. Servo and Proportional Valves -5 Overlapped spools are used in proportional spool valves This means that the spool has to move a distance equal to the overlap before any flow occurs through the valve; this gives rise to a dead zone in the valve characteristics. Using notched spools in the proportional valves gives better control of the flow rate as the orifice is progressively opened.
Servo and Proportional Valves -6 Spool position Control
Open loop spool position control
Closed loop spool position control
Servo and Proportional Valves -7 Proportional Pressure Control In pressure control valves, the spring is replaced by a DC solenoid in the case of proportional valves.