Sangoremi Anthony Abidemi et al.

, IJSID, 2013, 3 (4), 465-468

ISSN:2249-5347

IJSID

International Journal of Science Innovations and Discoveries

Research Article

An International peer Review Journal for Science

Available online through www.ijsidonline.info

Sangoremi, Anthony Abidemi

EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION ON FISH SPECIES IN ALA-RIVER, AKURE, NIGERIA Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Received: 08-07-2013 Accepted: 28-08-2013

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT Tilapia fish Oreochrornis niloticus and Cat fish Clarias gariepimus using their different organs: gills, scale and flesh. The concentration of the following heavy metals were determined; Iron, Zinc, Cobalt, Cadmium, Chromium, Vanadium, Lead, Copper and The average value of range of the heavy metals concentration on the fish parts found in Manganese. However, from the analysis carried out, Cobalt, Cadmium, Chromium, and This work was carried out on two different species of fish in Ala- Rivers in Akure,

Vanadium were not detected i.e. the metals were below the detection of the instrument. Ala-River is as follows: for Iron (33.4 - 81.5 mg/l00g), Zinc (8.3 - 20.5 mg/100g), Copper species that appeared to be capable of bioaccumulating some of the heavy metals with low concentration are hence good for human consumption. Keywords : Heavy metals, fish , Akure, effect, Nigeria, Concentration (0.3 - 0.8 mg/l00g), Manganese (19.0 - 65.0 mg/100g), Lead (0.3 - 1.5 mg/100g). Fish

Address: Department of Pure And Industrial chemistry, Port Harcourt. Name: Sangoremi Anthony Abidemi Place: Nigeria E-mail:

adeboriowo@yahoo.com

International Journal of Science Innovations and Discoveries, Volume 3, Issue 4, July-August 2013

465

Sangoremi Anthony Abidemi et al., IJSID, 2013, 3 (4), 465-468 INTRODUCTION rivers, lakes and streams (Robin, 1984). When these substances are in liquid form and are discharged into rivers, they may be Man sometimes upsets the natural state of pure water when he allows poisonous substances to enter into bodies as

known as effluents (Law, 1980).Effluents are the waste products of industrial processes or domestic activities, when discarded off eventually find their way to the aquatic environment .Notwithstanding, a body of water is not regarded as polluted unless relaxation, agricultural water supply, propagation of fishing and wide life and so on (Owolabi, 1992) one or more of these various contaminants have rendered it unsuitable for an intended use such as domestic, industrial, negligible concentration of toxic material with synthetic organic insecticides and heavy metals (John, 1992). Fresh water fish waste, either sea-borne, or land borne or even air-borne in the form of industrial effluents, sewage discharge and agricultural exploited fish can lead to sudden wipe out of fish resulting from acute poisoning due to the addition of large amounts of highly toxic substances. AIM AND OBJECTIVES For a river to maintain a healthy and economics population of fish there must be adequate dissolved oxygen and a

are increasingly exposed to toxic arising directly or indirectly from the activities of man resulting in domestic and industrial runoff into river and the sea. The discharge may be continuous or sporadic and its effect of the pollution on commercially

works has proved that food poisoning which was responsible for death of many people was caused by fish consumption. METHODOLOGY

The aim of this research work is to ascertain the effect of heavy metal concentration on fish as the different research

(a) Reagents and their preparation The reagents used are conc. Hcl and conc. HNO3.100ml of conc. HCL and 300m1 of cone. HNO3 were mixed together in the ratio 1:3 (the mixture is called aqual regal) inside a measuring cylinder and later transfer into a corked one litre brown bottle. (b) Determination of Heavy Metals 2g of the grinded species organs was weighed on electrical weighing machine (Mottler collected from Ala River in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The fish species are the : (i) Tilapia fish - Oreochrornis Nilotiaus (ii) Catfish - Clarias Gariepinus

balance EA 160) and dissolved with 1 ml of aqua regal and gently heated for total dissolution. The distilled water was added to make it to 50m1 marks. This was then filtered and the filtrate was taken for A.A.S. determination. Two fish species were

were oven dried and the scales and gills were carefully removed and the flesh were grinded into fine powder with mortal and treatment. PRESENTATION OF RESULTS Table 1: Heavy Metals Concentration In Fish Organs In Ala River mg/l00g Metal Fe Zn Cu Co CFF 81.50.07 11.30.01 ND ND CFG 36.0+0.10 8.30.02 ND ND TFS 41.80.05 20.50.02 0.80.10 ND TFG 33.40.05 12.30.04 0.30.02 ND TFF 66.30.0 8.80.10 ND ND

After the collection, the live fish samples were kept in a freezer (-18C) prior to preparation. The whole fish sample

pestle and each parts (scales, gills and muscles) was wrapped with wrapper and placed in a cool dry place before further The result of the experimental analysis conducted on the fish were shown on table 1 below,

International Journal of Science Innovations and Discoveries, Volume 3, Issue 4, July-August 2013

466

Sangoremi Anthony Abidemi et al., IJSID, 2013, 3 (4), 465-468 Cd Cr V Mn Pb Not Detected Cat Fish Gill ND ND ND 65.00.03 0.3 0.02 ND ND ND 20.30.01 0.30.01 ND ND ND 42.30.10 1.0 0.03 ND ND ND 19.0 0.10 0.3 0.02 ND ND ND 28.30.2 1.5 0.03

KEY ND CFF TFS Cat Fish Flesh Tilapia Fish Scale Tilapia Fish Gill

CFG TFG -

TFF -Tilapia Fish Flesh

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

Cu (0.3 - 0.8 mg/100g), Mn (19.0-65.0 mg/l00g), Pb(0.3 - 1.5 mg/100g).The highest value of Iron (Fe) concentration was found on Cat Fish Flesh is (81.5 mg/100g) while the most value was found in Tilapia Fish Gill is (33.4 mg/l00g); the highest value of Zinc (Zn) concentration was found in Tilapia Fish Scale (20.5 mg/l00g) while the lowest was found in Cat Fish Flesh (8.3 value was found in Cat Fish Flesh (0.3 mg/l00g), Tilapia Fish Gill (0.3 mg/100g) and Cat Fish Gill (0.3 mg/100g). Cobalt (Co), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Vanadium (V) and Arsenic (As) were not detected in the fish species organs. The concentration mg/100g). The highest value of Manganese (Mn) concentration was found in Cat Fish Flesh (65.0 mg/100g) and the lowest in Tilapia Fish Gill (19.0mg/l00g). The highest value of Lead (Pb) was found in Tilapia Fish Flesh (1.5 mg/100g) while the lowest of Manganese, Copper, Lead and Cadmium reported for Tilapia by (Oshodi and Ipinmoroti, 1993) was higher compared to the fish samples (Tilapia, 1995) was compared to the values obtained in the present work but the result obtained for Cu, Mn, Zn, and Pb, were higher compared to the values obtained here except for Cr and Co which were not detected in the fish samples.

The value of the heavy metals range(mg/100g) as follows For Fe (33.4- 81.5 mg/l00g), for Zn (8.3- 20.5 mg/l00g), for

values obtained in the present study, except Cobalt that was not detected. This may be attributed probably to the level of these metals in the soil sediment and the water in which they lived. Also, Onigbindes work on mineral contents determination in The concentrations of heavy metals obtained in this work were within the threshold concentration of toxic substance.

Also the maximum permissible concentrations of toxic substances were lower compared to the value obtained except for manganese, which was below the maximum permissible concentration of toxic substances in then water supply of indoor fish consumers. Fish pollution in terms of heavy metals depend on the ability of the fish to actually concentrate these metals in their body. CONCLUSION hatcheries. This does not imply that the heavy metals can affect the increase in growth or cause their death or affect the

caught. From the results of the analysis carried out, although the fish samples were good for human consumption, perhaps

The level of metals in fish samples is an indication of the level of metal pollution of the water from which they were

because Akure is not that a heavy industrialized environment whereby untreated effluent may be discharged into Ala River. Then there is an indication that some of the species should be more preferred for consumption considering the prevalence of International Journal of Science Innovations and Discoveries, Volume 3, Issue 4, July-August 2013 some trace metals in them e.g. Tilapia Fish Flesh containing l.5ppm of Lead concentration. The more a sample appears in

467

Sangoremi Anthony Abidemi et al., IJSID, 2013, 3 (4), 465-468 lowest concentration, the safer it is for consumption and the more it appears in the highest concentration, the more threats it poses on health of consumers. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. REFERENCES Alfred, I. Ihekoronye and Patrick 0. Ngoddy (1992): Integrated Food Science and technology for the tropic, The Macmillan Press Ltd. London and Basingtoke 338-341. Alisopp, W.H.L. (1985): Fishery Development Experiences, Fishing New Book. Ltd, England, 86. Brown E, Evan and Gratzek, B. John (1980) Av, Publishing Company Inc. West port 18-2 1 Search Inc. 67. Search Inc. 75 Chaney M.S. and Ross, M.L. (1971): Nutrition I Kirschmann J.D. (1979): Nutrition Alamanac, Revised Edition Nutrition Clark, Michael (1973): Know your Nutrition in Kirschamn J.D. (1979): Nutrition Alamanac, Revised Edition, Nutrition Dojlido and Best (1995) Aquatic Pollution, The macmillan Press Ltd. London 60-130. Emmaus, P. (1972): Complete Book of minerals for Health, In Edition, Nutrition Search Inc. 84 93-94. Kirschamn J.D. (1979): Nutrition Alamanac revised Edition, Nutrition Search Inc. 6 1-91 Emmaus, Pa (1970): The Encyclopaedia of Common diseases In Kirscharnn J .D. (1979): Nutrition Almanac, Revised

10. Eric Reynolds (1993): marketing and consumption of fish in Eastern and southern Africa. F.A.O. fisheries Technical paper 11. Gutherie H.A. (1971): Introductory Nutrition, in Kirscharnn J.D. (1979): Nutrition Alamanac, Revised Edition, Nutrition 12. Ipinmoroti K.O. and Oshodi A.A. (1993): Determination of trace metals in fish associated water and soil sediments from 13. James F. Musir and Ronald J. Roberts (1985): Recent advances in aquaculture, Vol.2, Westview Press U.S.A. 106-107 14. John Wiley & Sons: Sewage treatment in hot climates. New York. Brisbane. Toronto 27 210 15. Karnakhya Pada Biswas (1990): A textbook of fish, fisheries and Technology, Navendra publishing house, India, 4-8. 17. Kirschamn J .D. (1979): Nutrition Alamanc, Revised Edition, Nutrition Search inc. 6 1-91 Akure, Ekiti-South-West and Irepodun L.G.A of Ondo State (unpublished). Ondo and Edo States of Nigeria (unpublished). 16. Khopkar S.M. (1984): Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry,Mohinder Singh Sejwal for Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 18. Onigbinde, G.M. (1995): Determination of some minerals in fish, water and sediments of some fishponds from Ifedore, 19. Owolabi, Remi Albert (1992) Determination of metals in fish andassociated water and soil samples from selected pond in 20. Pillay T.V.R. (1993): Aquaculture principle and practices, 32. 21. Rainey, Jean (1974): Recommended Dietary Allowances in Kirschamn fish ponds, Discovery and innovation Vol. 5, 135-137. search Inc. 66-68.

International Journal of Science Innovations and Discoveries, Volume 3, Issue 4, July-August 2013

468