a. b. c. d. e. f.

Name (in full as per I/C) Identification Card No. Phone No. Email Address Name of School Address of School

g. h.

Postal Code Name of other two Team Members (i) (ii)

City

i.

Name of the Mentor Teacher

PLEASE READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS. 1. The challenge comprises of 40 objective questions, 3 subjective questions and 1 written essay. 2. It must be conducted in an exam format and participants are required to answer all the questions individually. Discussion is not allowed. 3. Participants will be given 2 hours to complete this challenge. 4. Questions provided are in English language. Therefore, participants MUST answer all questions in English. 5. Participants are allowed to answer all questions using ballpoint pen. 6. Usage of calculators, text books and reference books are PROHIBITED. 7. Please ensure that your details are correctly filled and duly completed before submission. 8. Answer forms submitted with insufficient information WILL NOT BE EVALUATED. 9. All entries MUST be submitted to the Academy of Sciences Malaysia, latest by 10 APRIL 2013. 10. Decisions made by the judges are FINAL.

2013 NATIONAL SCIENCE CHALLENGE Preliminary Level PART A - OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1.

3 April 2013

Which of the following is NOT an example of the use of diamonds in industries? [A] [B] Electrode in fuel cell. Polishing of silicon wafer. [C] [D] Abrasion resistant coating for cutting tools. Thermal conductor in electronics.

2.

What is the absolute value of -4? [A] [B] [C] [D] 4

3.

Which of the following molecules DO NOT function as a carrier in the human blood circulation system? I. Haemoglobin. II. Fibrinogen. III. Albumin. IV. Immunoglobulin. [A] I and III [B] II and IV [C] [D] I, II and III II, III and IV

4.

The diagram below shows a longitudinal section of the human heart.

In which compartment does deoxygenated blood enter first? [A] W [B] X 5. [C] [D] Y Z

Which of the following does not have the ability to allow users to communicate with another computer? [A] Network card [B] Serial port [C] [D] Video Graphic Arrays port Modem

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2013 NATIONAL SCIENCE CHALLENGE Preliminary Level 6. Name the famous scientist who first discovered that earth orbits the sun. [A] Isaac Newton [B] John Dalton 7. [C] [D] Albert Einstein Nicolaus Copernicus

3 April 2013

What range of frequencies is usually referred to as audio frequencies for humans? [A] 0 to 20 Hertz [B] 20 to 20,000 Hertz [C] [D] 200 to 200,000 Hertz 10,000 to 20,000 Hertz radians?

8.

Given that a circle has 2 radians, how many degrees are equal to [A] 6 [B] 12 [C] [D] 15 20

9.

A woody plant that has a complete ring of bark removed from its stem dies after a few months. Which statement explains the situation? [A] The leaves cannot carry out photosynthesis. [B] Sugar leaks out from the ring of bark. [C] [D] Sugar is not transported to the roots. Parasites attack the stem that is exposed to the atmosphere.

10. For reactions to occur, the particles of the reactants must collide. The fewer the collisions that take place, the slower the rate of a reaction. Which of the following decreases the frequency of collision between reactant particles? [A] For reactions involving gaseous reactants, a decrease in the pressure of the gases. [B] Raising the temperature of the reaction mixture. [C] For reactions involving solutions, raising the concentration of the solution. If a solid is reacting with a liquid, breaking the solid into smaller pieces.

[D]

11. Where is the center of gravity of a triangular body situated? [A] Vertex [B] Orthocentre [C] [D] Centroid Circumcentre

12. Vitamin B is not a single vitamin but multiple vitamins that normally exist together in the same foods. Which of the following is NOT Vitamin B? [A] Thiamine [B] Cobalamin [C] [D] Riboflavin Alanine

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2013 NATIONAL SCIENCE CHALLENGE Preliminary Level

3 April 2013

13. An octapeptide was synthesized and used as catalyst in a reaction. How many peptide bonds would there be in an octapeptide? [A] 7 [B] 8 [C] [D] 9 10

14. Name the everyday household chemicals that should never be mixed. [A] Baking soda and vinegar. [B] Bleach and liquid detergent. [C] [D] Ammonia and vinegar. Ammonia and bleach.

15. Which of the following is FALSE about reflex arc? [A] Knee-jerk reflex is an example. [B] It is involuntary in nature. [C] [D] It includes the pupil constriction in respond to bright light. It involves cerebrum.

16. In an electrolytic process of a molten salt, what happens to the anion and where does it occur? [A] Undergoes reduction at the anode. [B] Undergoes oxidation at the anode. [C] [D] Undergoes cathode. Undergoes cathode. reduction oxidation at at the the

17. Which of the following is characteristic of a client-server network? [A] A host computer transfers data to client computers by means of a token of code. [B] A host computer can be used only for tasks that cannot be performed by a client computer. [C] Application files installed on a client computer can access data files stored on a host computer. All computers on a network can perform the duties of both a host and a client.

[D]

18. What type of graph is represented by this equation: [A] Circle [B] Ellipse [C] [D] Hyperbola Parabola

19. The first synthetic dye named as mauve was produced by reaction of aniline with potassium dichromate and mixed with a compound. Name the compound. [A] Acid [B] Alkaline [C] [D] Alcohol Ammonia

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2013 NATIONAL SCIENCE CHALLENGE Preliminary Level 20.

3 April 2013

Which of the following changes are true when a person carries out strenuous exercise?

[A] [B] 21.

A B

[C] [D]

C D

Which experiences the least electrical force in an electric field? [A] Electron [B] Beta particle [C] [D] Gamma ray Alpha particle

22.

Which ONE of the following expressions does not equate to a common physical quantity? [A] [B] [C] [D]

23.

Which of the following is true about stem cells? I. They are harvested from embryos. II. They are mature cells. III. They develop into many different cell types. IV. They divide without limit. [A] I only. [B] I and II. [C] [D] I, III and IV. All of the above

24.

What is the name of the process that produces pyruvate from glucose? [A] Glycolysis [B] Glycogenolysis [C] [D] Glycogenesis Gluconeogenesis

25.

The 2010 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry were awarded for discovering more efficient ways of joining carbon atoms together. What substance was used to kickstart the chemical reactions? [A] Fe [B] Cu-Zn [C] [D] Pd Ag

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2013 NATIONAL SCIENCE CHALLENGE Preliminary Level 26. Which pair of the hormone and their function is incorrect?

3 April 2013

[A] [B] 27.

A B is equivalent to

[C] C [D] D

[A] [B]

[C] [D]

28.

The Royal Selangor is famous for its pewter. Which statement below best describes what pewter is? [A] Pewter can be considered as a metamaterial. [B] The chemical symbol for pewter is Pw. [C] [D] Pewter is an alloy. Pewter can be obtained from the mineral bauxite.

29.

The periodic table is arranged in vertical rows (group) and horizontal rows (period). The element X and Y are in the same period but in groups 14 and 16 respectively. Which statement is true about X and Y? [A] Y has two extra electrons than X in its valence shell. [B] Y has two more electron shell than X. [C] [D] Y is twice more electronegative than X. Y has six electrons while X has four.

30.

What are the following micro-nutrients involve in the chlorophyll formation? I. Boron II. Manganese III. Molybdenum IV. Zinc [A] I, II and III [B] I, III and IV [C] [D] II and IV I, II, III and IV

31.

If log10 x = 3, then x = ? [A] 310 [B] 1000 [C] [D] 30

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2013 NATIONAL SCIENCE CHALLENGE Preliminary Level 32.

3 April 2013

A tram passenger is lurching backward when a stationary tram starts to accelerate. The backward motion of the passenger is due to __________ [A] Momentum [B] Inertia [C] [D] Conservation of energy Conservation of force

33.

Which of the following plant's feature maximizes its exposure to sunlight? [A] Waxy leave surface [B] Leaf Mosaic [C] [D] Stoma under the leaves Thin leaf

34.

The electrolysis processes can only be done on solutions or molten materials. Why? [A] The product is a gas. [C] The ions must be free to move to electrodes. [B] Electrons cannot flow through [D] Less energy is needed. solids. Which of the following elements exhibit the greatest electrical conductivity? [A] As [B] Ge [C] [D] P Sn

35.

36.

In 2010, Physics Laureates Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov managed to obtain a flake of carbon just one atom thick to form graphene. How did they do this? [A] By using electrochemical cleavage assisted process. [B] By using regular adhesive tape. [C] [D] By using catalytic chemical reaction. By using mechanical abrasion.

37.

Which of the following islands visited by Charles Darwin have provided him with evidence for species variations which formed the basis for the evolution theory? [A] Fiji Islands. [C] Carribean Islands. [B] Galapagos Islands. [D] Seychelles Islands. What does the term vertex in Optics means? [A] Intersection of two or more lines. [C] [B] Intersection of optical axis with [D] lens surface.

38.

Highest point. Termination line.

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2013 NATIONAL SCIENCE CHALLENGE Preliminary Level 39.

3 April 2013

The figure above shows the change of pressure in the lungs for one complete respiratory cycle. Which are the following processes involved in Y? I. The internal intercostal muscles relax. II. Rib cage moves downwards and inwards. III. Air is forced out of lung. IV. Diaphragm flattens. [A] I and IV [B] II and III 40. [C] [D] I, II and III II, III and IV

An experiment was carried out to dissolve small limestone granules in hydrochloric acid. Carbon dioxide gas is formed and was collected. The initial results are marked as the 'original experiment'. The experiment was repeated after varying the reaction conditions. The rate of the reaction is the rate at which carbon dioxide is formed. Which experiment is undergoing at an approximate average rate of 22 cm3min1 in the first half minute of the reaction?

[A] Graph line for experiment W [B] Graph line for experiment Z

[C] [D]

Graph line for experiment X Graph line for experiment Y

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2013 NATIONAL SCIENCE CHALLENGE Preliminary Level PART B - SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1.

3 April 2013

A student discovered two unlabelled bottles containing two different compounds. He was tasked by his supervisor to identify them. The structures of the two compounds are displayed below. Answer the following questions. a) Provide the correct IUPAC name for the two compounds, A and B:

Name: _____________________________

Name: _____________________________

b) Suggest which compound would have a higher boiling point. Explain.

c) Suggest a chemical test that could be done and the observation you would expect to observe in order to distinguish compounds A and B so that the bottles could be properly labelled.

d) Compound B was reacted with acidic solution of potassium permanganate. Draw the structure of the product that will be formed.

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2013 NATIONAL SCIENCE CHALLENGE Preliminary Level 2.

3 April 2013

Malaysia is a Party to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change and has ratified the Kyoto Protocol on 4 September 2004. At present, Malaysia has no quantitative commitments under the Kyoto Protocol but through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Malaysia voluntarily participates in reducing emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which induce global warming. (a) Define carbon footprint, carbon source and carbon sink.

(b) List three effects of global warming around the oceans of Malaysia.

(c) State and discuss two ways to curb CO2 emission.

3.

The brain is the centre of the nervous system and controls most body functions. Brain cells or neurons are highly specialised cells, which cannot undergo cell division. Generally, a dead neuron cannot be replaced. a) Describe three (3) aspects of the human body that are designed to protect the brain.

b) Think of the neuron as an electrical wire with connections. Discuss the elements you would incorporate into its design for it to perform its functions.

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2013 NATIONAL SCIENCE CHALLENGE Preliminary Level PART C ESSAY

3 April 2013

In the modern day nanotechnology affects our daily life. In 300 words, discuss on the positive and negative effect of this technology to humankind and the environment.

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