Permutations and Combinations

1. Find the number of non-negative integral solutions to the system of equations: i. x+y+z+u+t = 20 ii. x+y+z = 5 a. 228 b. 336 c. 448 d. 528

2. Find the number of integral solutions to |x| + |y| + |z| = 15 a. 902 b. 728 c. 734 d. 904

3. ABCD is a convex quadrilateral 3,4,5,6 points are marked on the sides AB, BC, CD, and DA respectively. The number of triangles with vertices on different sides is: a. 270 b. 220 c. 282 d. 342

4. The number of positive integral solution for x,y,z such that xyz=24, is: a. 30 b. 60 c. 90 d. 120

5. There are 9 questions in an exam. You can answer it in three ways: attempt it correctly, wrong attempt and leave it unattempted. In how many ways can you attempt the paper by 4 correct attempts and 2 wrong attempts? a. 1260 b. 1280 c. 840 d. 1920

6. There are 4 oranges, 5 apricots and 6 alphonso in a fruit basket. In how many ways can a person make a selection of fruits from among the fruits in the basket? a. 209 b. 210 c. 120 d. 119

7. There are 12 intermediate stations between two places A and B. In how many ways can a train be made to stop at 4 of these 12 intermediate stations provided no two of them are consecutive? a. 45 b. 126 c. 84 d. 168

8. There is an n-sided polygon (n>5). Triangles are formed by joining the vertices of the polygon. How many triangles can be constructed which will have no side common with the polygon. Ans: nC3 n*(n-4)C1 n

9. Twelve different letters of alphabet are given. Words with six letters are formed from these given letters. Find the number of words which have at least one letter repeated. Ans: 126 12P6

10. The streets of a city are arranged likes the lines of a chessboard. There are m streets vertical and n streets horizontal. What is the number of ways in which a man can travel on these streets to the north-west corner to the south-west corner, going by the shortest possible distance? Ans: (m+n-2)! / [(m-1)!(n-1)!]

11. Seven women and seven men are to sit round a circular table such that there is a man on either side of every women then the number of seating arrangements are: a. (7!)2 b. (6!)2 c. 6!7! d. (7!)2

SOLUTIONS

1. Keep the value of (x+y+z) in the first equation-> Now, u+t = 15. The no. of solutions are 16C1 No. of solutions to (x+y+z) = 5 are 7C2 Hence the total number of solutions are the product of the two = 16C1* 7C2 = 336 2. Standard formula: Use 4k2 + 2. K = 15 in this problem. Therefore, no. of solutions are 4*225 + 2 = 902 3.
3

C1*4C1*5C1 + 3C1*4C1*6C1 + 4C1*5C1*6C1 + 3C1*5C1*6C1 = 342

4. xyz = 24 = 2331 Compare the powers, Let a+b+c = 3, a+b+c = 1 Number of positive integral solutions = 3+3-1C3-1*1+3-1C3-1 = 10*3 = 30 5. 9!/4!2!3! = 1260 6. The man can choose oranges in 5 ways 0,1,2,3,4 Similarly, 6 ways to choose apricot and 7 ways to choose alphonso. Hence a total of 210 ways. Subtract the case when he chooses 0 from all the three. So total number of 210-1 = 209 ways. 7. Let S1, S2, S3, S4 be the four intermediate stations where the train stops. a S1 b S2 c S3 d S4 e Let a, b, c, d, e be the number of stations between A & S1, S1 & S2, . S4 & B. Then, a + b + c + d + e = 8 b, c, d cannot be zero. The number of solutions = 9C4 = 126 8. An n-sided polygon will have n vertices. Triangles constructed out of these n vertices will be of three types: i. Having two sides common with the polygon ii. Having one side common with the polygon iii. Having no side common with the polygon The total number of triangles would be nC3. i. Having two sides common with the polygon Out of total n vertices, any combination of three consecutive vertices will give us the triangle which has two sides common = n.

ii. iii.

Having one side common with the polygon Number of selection of three vertices out of which two are consecutive = n * (n-4)C1 Having no side common with the polygon = nC3 n - n * (n-4)C1

9. Total number of letters = 12. Words of six letters are to be formed. The total number of words of 6 letters when any letter may be repeated any number of times = 12*12*12*12*12*12 = 126 Number of words of 6 letters when no letter is repeated = 12P6 So, number of words of 6 letters which have at least one letter repeated = 126 12P6 10. Standard result. No need to derive. CAT usually doesnt ask derivations, if however they ask the derivation there will be an option hence proved. Tick that 11. Try this one yourself. Im tired and have to attend office tomorrow Answer is 6!7!