Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

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NAME- RAVI RANJAN KUMAR INTACK No PT1181105 Semester- First

CLASS- Section A(G1) Subject- EEP Year- 2011

Serial No. 1. 2. 3.(a)

Name of Experiment

Date

To Know the operation of multimeter Verification of Ohms law

06-09-2011 13-09-2011

Measuring of resistance, current, and voltage in a 21-09-2011 series resistance circuit.

3.(b)

Measurement of resistance current and voltage in a Parallel, resistance circuit.

27-09-2011

4.(a)

Verification of Kirchhoffs Voltage law (KVL) Verification of Kirchhoffs Current law (KCL)

11-10-2011

4.(b)

18-10-2011

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

EEP practical

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

EEP practical

EXPERIMENT No- 1

AIM- To knowthe operation of a multimeter. APPARATUS REQUIREDMultimeter Connecting wire

THEORYIt is an instrument designed to measure electric current, voltage and usually resistance, typically over several ranges of value. It is also known as a volt-ohm-meter. A multimeter can be a hand- held device useful to basic fault finding and field work which can measured to a very high degree of accuracy. When used for measuring voltage the input impedance of the multimeter must be very high compared to the impedance of the circuit measured by it. Otherwise the reading will be in accurate. Scence the basic indicator system in either an analog or digital meter responds to DC only a multimeter include on AC to DC conversion circuit. AMMETER- A deviceused to measure current level. VOLTMETER- A deviceused to measure the potential difference between two point. PROCEDURE-

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

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1. For finding current ,digitalmultimeter are connecting in series. As shown in figure. 2. For calculation of voltage, connected the digital multimeter in series to the circuit as shown in figure.

PRECAUTION1. All the connected must be tied. 2. Never apply power to the circuit while measuring resistance with multimeter. 3. Distance the circuit completely before connecting or disconnecting a multimeter. RESULTThe value of A.C voltage in our lab was 182.6v

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

EEP practical

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

EEP practical

EXPRIMENT No-2

AIM OF THE EXPRIMENT-Verification of ohms law. COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Resistance 2. DC supply 3. Multimeter 4. Connecting wire

THEORYIt states that the current passing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance between them. There for IV Or, V R

Or, R =V/ I

Where R = Resistance V= Potential

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

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I= Current

V(in volts)

I(in mA)

R=V/I ()

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

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GRAPH
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Voltage(in V) Current(in mA)

PROCEDURE1. Connect the circuit using set of jumper wires. 2. I connecting one set of jumper wire to the DC source for circuiting in action. 3. I adjusted voltage on voltmeter using rheostat and measure

corresponding current in ammeter by switching on the circuit. RESULTWe get same resistance 10 in different reading and we get straight line in graph.

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

EEP practical

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

EEP practical

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

EEP practical

EXPRIMENT No-3(a)

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT Measurement of resistance, current and voltage in a series resistance circuit. COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS 1.Resistors of different values 2. DC supply 3. Multimeter 4. Connecting wire THEORYResistor are connected in series if the same current is flowing through each resistor, when same potential difference is applied across the combination. Let resistor or resistance R1, R2 and R3 be connected in series between the terminal A and B and a potential difference V is a applied between A and B . Let I be the current through the

circuit. Let V1, V2, V3 be the potential difference across R1, R2,and R3. Then, V1= I*R1, And V= V1+V2+V3 V2= I*R2 , V3= I *R3

If R is the effective resistance, Then , V= I*R

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

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IR= I*R1+ I*R2+ I*R3 R= R1+R2+ R3 When a number of resistor are connected in series.The effective resistance is the sum of the individual resistance. Resistance(R) R1=47 R2=56 R3=68 Current(I) I1 =0.058 mA I2 =0.058 mA I3 =0.058 mA Voltage(V) V1=2.72 V2=3.24 V3=3.94

R=R1+R2+R3 =47+56+68 =171 Therefore, I=V/R=10/171=0.058

PROCEDURE-

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

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1. Connected the current and voltage to 10 v and turn off the supply. 2. Connect the resistor and voltmeter with circuit . 3. Connect the voltmeter in parallel with circuit and also ammeter in series with circuit. 4. Using multimeter , measure the current across the circuit. PRECAUTIONS 1. Measure V1, V2, V3 carefully so to reduce errors. 2. Switch off the battry when not in use. 3. The current measured through each resistor should be equal otherwise circuit is wrong. RESULTV1=2.72, V2= 3.24, V3= 3.94 are the voltage measured in the

resistor R1 , R2 , R3

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

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Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

EEP practical

EXPERIMENT No- 3(b)

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT Measurement of resistance, current and voltage in a parallel resistance circuit. COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTSResistor of difference values DC supply Multimeter Connecting wire THEORYResistor are said to be connected in parallel if the potential difference across each of them is the same and is equal to the applied potential difference . In parallel combination , current through each resistor varies . Equivalent resistance of the circuit is always less than either of the resistance in the circuit. Therefore, 1/Rp=1/R1+1/R2+.+1/Rn PROCEDURE1. Connect the resistance R1, R2, and R3 properly . 2. Using multimeter as a ohm-meter, measure Req= 3. Calculate equivalent resistance R, theoretically by using R=R1*R2/R1+R2

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

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Resistance()

Voltage(v)

Current(i)

R1=100

10v

i=100

R2=150 R3=200

10v 10v

i=66.66 i=50

Since,I/R=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3 =1/100+1/150+1/200 =0.01+0.006+0.005 =0.021 So, R=1/0.021=47.619

RESULT1. We observed that voltage across each resistor is same , i.e., V1=V2=10v 2. The amount of current is different in all resistor , I1=100, I2=66.66, I3=50

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

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EXPRIMENT No-4. (a)

AIM OF THE EXPRIMENTTo measure the voltage across each resistor in the circuit and verify Kirchhoffs voltage law. COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED Resistor DC supply Multimeter Connecting wire THEORYKirchhoffs voltage law describes the distribution of voltage within a loop or closed conducting of an electrical circuit. Specifically, the law states that The algebraic sum of the voltage in any loop must be equal to zero. PROCEDURE1.Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. Set the power supply unit to a suitable voltage . 3. Observe the voltage in the different meter(V, V1, V2, V3) connected in the circuit and note down in the tabular column. 4. Repeatstep 2& 3 by increasing the voltage in steps. 5. Verify the above reading with the calculate values.

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

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S.No

Supply Voltage

V1

V2

V3

1. 2. 3.

6 18 15

1 4.32 4

2 8.64 5

3 5.04 6

RESULTIt is clear from the observation that sum of all the potential difference in any loop is equal to zero.

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

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EXPRIMENT No- 4(b)

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENTTo measure the current through each resistor in the circuit and verify Kirchhoffs current law. COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIREDResistor DC supply Multimeter Connecting wire THEORY Kirchhoffs current law also known as Kirchhoffs junction law , define the way that electrical current is distributes when it crosses through a junction a point where three or more conductors meet. Specifically the law states that- The algebraic sum of current into any junction is zero. PROCEDURE1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram . 2. Set the power supply unit to a suitable voltage. 3. Observe the current in the different meter (A, A1, A2,A3,) connected in the circuit and note down in the tabular column. 4. Repeat step 2& 3 by increasing the voltage in steps 5. Verify the above reading with the calculated value.

Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

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Name RAVIRANJAN KUMAR

PT1181105

EEP practical

S.No

Supply Voltage

Supply Current 105

I1

I2

I=I1+I2

1.

6v

63

42

150

RESULTIt is clear from this observation the sum of all the current entering at a junction is equal to sum of all the current outgoing.