Characteristic Speeds PDF

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?
May 2011
17th Performance and Operations Conference in Dubai
Characteristic speeds
How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?
Presented by Yves LEMELLE Director of A320/A330/A340 Flight Operational Standards
May 2011
Introduction
May I fly below maneuvering speed ? How much roll maneuverability when below maneuvering speed? How much Flap retraction for takeoff and Go-Around?
Reduce speed 180 kt
Page 2
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
May 2011
Contents
Definitions & Principles
Maneuvering speeds - Takeoff & Go-Around
Maneuvering speeds - Approach
Maneuvering capability
Page 3
May 2011
Contents
Page 4
May 2011
Definitions - Vls
Lowest selectable speed Represents minimum regulatory speeds depending on
flight phase (can be VMCA, VMCL or Vs1g limited) Provides appropriate margin versus buffet at high altitude Provides appropriate bank angle maneuverability (defined by regulation) in a stabilised turn
Vls
Page 5
May 2011
Definitions F speed
Takeoff: Minimum speed for Flap retraction Approach: Target speed for CONF 2 and 3
Also used as maneuvering speed
Displayed in CONF 2 and 3

F speed
Page 6
May 2011
Definitions S speed
Takeoff: Minimum speed for slats retraction Approach: Target speed for CONF1
Also used as maneuvering speed
Displayed in CONF 1 and 1+F

S speed
Page 7
May 2011
Definitions GREEN DOT speed

Engine-out operating speed in clean CONF Best lift to drag ratio speed
GREEN DOT speed
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May 2011
Principle of characteristics speeds

Pilot uses Characteristics speeds displayed on PFD:
As limits, to fly between Vls and Vmax (VLE, VFE, VMO, MMO) As target maneuvering speed (F, S, Green Dot)
Automatisms use characteristics speeds for:

Predictions, or Target speeds Limits
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May 2011
Contents
Page 10
May 2011
Maneuvering speeds - Takeoff

To assist pilots Minimum speed to retract Flaps while aircraft is accelerating.
At F speed: Select FLAPS 1 For CONF 3 takeoff:
select FLAPS 1 directly Speed remains above Vls of CONF 1+F and below VFE
At S speed: Select FLAPS 0
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May 2011
Maneuvering speeds - Takeoff

Takeoff at heavy weight:
In CONF 1+F: S speed could be close to VFE
If FLAPS 0 selected above Flap autoretraction

speed (210 Kts on this example): Possible VFE OVERSPEED warning if rapid aircraft acceleration No VFE structural limit exceedance
Do not delay FLAPS 0 selection above S speed

=> prevents possible momentary VFE OVERSPEED warning
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May 2011
Maneuvering speeds - Go-Around below MLW

Go Around below MLW Retract one step Flaps: If LDG FLAPS FULL => Go-Around FLAPS 3
At F select directly FLAPS 1 (as for takeoff)
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May 2011
Maneuvering speeds - Go-Around below MLW

Why retract one step flaps only?
Meets approach climb gradient requirements
Why not retract 2 steps flaps? (Landing CONF3 Go-Around CONF 1+F)
Would provide an approach climb performance better

than the minimum requirement
Could result to fly temporarily slightly below VLS CONF 1
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May 2011
Maneuvering speeds Go-Around in overweight landing

If approach climb gradient performance is met:
Conf FULL for landing Retract one step Flaps for Go Around
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May 2011

If approach climb gradient performance is met:
Conf FULL for landing Retract one step Flaps for Go Around
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May 2011

If approach climb gradient performance is not met: Conf 3 for landing to get sufficient climb gradient performance in Go
Around
Retract 2 steps for Go-Around:

To achieve the required climb gradient performance Meets regulatory requirement of stall speed ratio between
landing and go-around configuration
Could result to slightly fly temporarily

below Vls after CONF 1+F selection.
LDG CONF 3
FLAPS Retract 2 steps
17
May 2011
Contents
Page 18
May 2011

Managed Speed for approach
A/THR automatically decelerates the aircraft towards maneuvering speed of selected CONF Speed target A/THR does not allow the speed to go below current maneuvering speed
Green Dot S
Approach phase activation Clean CONF CONF 1 selection
CONF 2 selection
F
CONF 3 selection
F Vapp
Page 19
CONF FULL selection
May 2011
For Flap extension: IAS must be below VFE next, but may be
above maneuvering speed.
Recommended (as per FCTM): Next flap

config at maneuvering speed +10 kts: To limit slats/flaps fatigue For continuous aircraft deceleration
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May 2011
Flap maneuvering speeds are recommended to fly the

aircraft in a given flaps configuration for:
Performance & fuel efficiency:

Holding pattern during initial approach: Keep Clean CONF and fly Green Dot (best lift/drag ratio)
Comfort in cabin:
Green Dot Clean CONF S - CONF 1 F- CONF 2 result in reasonable pitch attitudes (typically 5)
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May 2011
Flap maneuvering speeds are recommended to fly the

aircraft in a given flaps configuration for: Comfort in aircraft maneuver:
Green Dot, S, F are comfortable Particularly in turbulent conditions,or For turns at high bank angle
Flap maneuvering speeds are not limitations:

It is safe to fly between VLS and VMAX (VMO, VLE, VFE) : The required aerodynamic margin is properly ensured
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May 2011
Contents
Page 23
May 2011
Roll maneuver as per JAR 25.43 is ensured
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May 2011
At V2, one engine out: Stabilized turn at 30 bank before alpha max At V2 + 10, all engines operative: Stabilized turn at 40 before alpha floor At Green Dot: Stabilized turn at 45 bank before alpha prot At Vls (final takeoff up to landing) : Stabilized turn at 40 bank before alpha floor
Page 25
May 2011
Can I fly below Maneuvering speeds?
General rule: Fly approach maneuvers at the maneuvering

speed minimum
Maintain 180 kt
However if ATC speed constraint:

Selected speed Possible to fly below maneuvering speed down to VLS. It enables
standard maneuvers: Margin versus Valpha prot is reduced: Margin could become small in turbulent conditions, or with high bank angle. If such conditions are anticipated, consider CONF change
Resume to managed speed when out of ATC constraint

Page 27
May 2011
Can I fly below Maneuvering speeds?
Example of pilots judgement:

Intermediate approach: ATC speed restriction for significant
time: If speed slightly lower than Flap Maneuvering Speed: May be advisable to keep current Conf For fuel efficiency Maintain 180 kt
Page 28
May 2011
Conclusion
Maneuvering speeds are comfortable Allowed to fly below maneuvering speed:
Pilots judgement according to anticipated maneuvers and turbulence Understand the aircraft: Tight turn close to Vls may activate protections
Go Around:
Retract one step Flaps Retract two steps Flaps when required by procedure
Page 29
May 2011
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof. AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.
Page 30

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Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

17th Performance and Operations Conference in Dubai

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Definitions & Principles

Maneuvering speeds - Takeoff & Go-Around

Maneuvering speeds - Approach

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Definitions & Principles

Maneuvering speeds - Takeoff & Go-Around

Maneuvering speeds - Approach

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Displayed in CONF 2 and 3

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Displayed in CONF 1 and 1+F

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Definitions GREEN DOT speed

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Principle of characteristics speeds

Automatisms use characteristics speeds for:

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Definitions & Principles

Maneuvering speeds - Takeoff & Go-Around

Maneuvering speeds - Approach

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Maneuvering speeds - Takeoff

At S speed: Select FLAPS 0

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Maneuvering speeds - Takeoff

In CONF 1+F: S speed could be close to VFE

If FLAPS 0 selected above Flap autoretraction

Do not delay FLAPS 0 selection above S speed

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Maneuvering speeds - Go-Around below MLW

At F select directly FLAPS 1 (as for takeoff)

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Maneuvering speeds - Go-Around below MLW

Meets approach climb gradient requirements

Would provide an approach climb performance better

Could result to fly temporarily slightly below VLS CONF 1

AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Maneuvering speeds Go-Around in overweight landing

AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Maneuvering speeds Go-Around in overweight landing

AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Maneuvering speeds Go-Around in overweight landing

Retract 2 steps for Go-Around:

Could result to slightly fly temporarily

AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Definitions & Principles

Maneuvering speeds - Takeoff & Go-Around

Maneuvering speeds - Approach

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Maneuvering speeds - Approach

Approach phase activation Clean CONF CONF 1 selection

CONF FULL selection

Characteritics speeds - How to use maneuvering speeds F, S, green dot ?

Maneuvering speeds - Approach