Answers for Questions for Chapter 5 The Caribbean in Diversity Amid Globalization

1. Where did the Caribbean get its name? P. 180 and 181 The name comes from the Carib Indians who used to occupy the islands of the Eastern Caribbean 2. Which country in the Caribbean has been most adversely affected by deforestation? P. 182-183 Haiti 3. The islands in the Caribbean used to be covered by think forests. Today, however, they have all been seriously affected by deforestation. Why were these forests originally cut over? P. 183 for the growing of sugarcane 4. Climate change (global warming) affects the Caribbean in a several ways. What are some of these? P. 185 (1) sea level rise (of 3 to 10 feet this century), (2) increased intensity of storms, (3) increasing variability of rainfall creating both floods and droughts, and (4) loss of biodiversity. 5. The Greater Antilles includes 4 islands and 5 countries. Can you name these islands and countries? P. 185 Cuba, Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Jamaica, and Puerto Rico 6. Where in the Caribbean region are the Lesser Antilles? P. 186 in the eastern Caribbean from the Virgin Islands (U.S. and British) southward to Trinidad 7. On average, how many hurricanes affect the Caribbean each year? P. 190 6 to 12 per season (June 1 to November 30) 8. Why is population growth declining in the Caribbean? P. 192 and 193 decline in fertility -1-

9.

What is circular migration in the Caribbean? P. 193 and 194 one person leaves his/her family to work in another country, sends money home, and then returns home. So, he/she circulates between the origin and destination countries.

10.

What is chain migration and how does it affect the Caribbean? P. 194 one person emigrates first and is then later joined by other family and friends

11.

What does the word diaspora refer to? P. 193 and 194 large scale emigration and dispersal of people from a country

12.

What was the indentured labor situation that occurred in the Caribbean during the midnineteenth (mid 1800s) century? P. 197 because slaves were being freed during the mid-1800s another labor source was required this was achieved by importing workers from South and Southeast Asia to work on the sugarcane plantations. They were obligated to work for a number of years on the plantations (usually about 5 years) to pay for their passage to the Caribbean.

13.

Approximately, how many African slaves were brought to the Americas and how many of these came to the Caribbean? P. 198 and 199 At least 10 million slaves were brought to the Western Hemisphere from Africa. About 5 million of these were brought to the Caribbean.

14.

Most of the slaves imported to the Caribbean came from what part of Africa? P. 199 Western Africa

15.

In the Caribbean islands, who were the maroons? P. 198 and 199 These were runaway slaves.

16.

In terms of languages, what are the meanings of the words creole and patois as they are used throughout the islands in the Caribbean? P. 203 this is a blending of African and European languages in the Caribbean.

17.

How can you explain the many Changing Colonial Masters depicted in Figure 5.22 -2-

on page 204 of your textbook? P. 204 The European colonial powers, especially the French and the British, exchanged colonies in the Caribbean after wars, rather than giving up parts of the home country. 18. What was the significance of the Monroe Doctrine stated in 1823 for the Caribbean region? P. 205 President James Monroe declared in 1823 that the Caribbean was within the U.S. sphere of influence and that the U.S. no other foreign intervention or influence would be tolerated in this region. 19. For the Caribbean, what was the significance of the Spanish-American War in 1898? P. 205 Cuba and Puerto Rico both came under the influence of the U.S. and Spain was kicked out of the Caribbean. The U.S. also gained the Philippines and Guam in the Pacific. 20. Which island in the Caribbean is described by the following characteristics: it is a commonwealth of the United States; its citizens can freely travel back and forth between it and the U.S.; its people cannot vote in U.S. elections for the Presidency although they are citizens of the U.S.; it receives massive welfare aid and food stamps from the U.S.; it became part of the U.S. right after the Spanish-American War in 1898; it experienced rapid industrialization during the 1960s? P. 205 Puerto Rico 21. Why has Cuba had such a contentious relationship with the United States since 1959? P. 206 and 207 Because it became a Marxist state under the guidance of Fidel Castro. 22. What are some of the islands in the Caribbean that have the highest standards of living? What are some of those with the lowest standards of living? (See Table 5.2, on page 210) P. 210 Highest: Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, and Barbados Lowest: Haiti, Cuba, Guyana, Jamaica, Dominican Republic 23. What is the significance of the Banana Wars in the eastern Caribbean? P. 211 Increased global competition and changing tastes have seriously jeopardized the banana industry of the eastern Caribbean. 24. Many of the Caribbean islands have been trying to convince foreign investors to establish -3-

assembly-plant factories their countries. Why do these countries want these plants and what in turn can these Caribbean countries offer foreign investors? P. 211 and 212 They want the well-paying jobs. They can offer cheap labor, local tax breaks, and (in the case of Puerto Rico) federal tax exemptions 25. What are free trade zones (FTZs) and why are they being promoted by countries in the Caribbean? (Note: this question overlaps with question number 24 in the sense that the answers to questions 24 and 25 are similar.) P. 212 same answer as for number 24 above. 26. Although Puerto Rico started the industrialization development in the Caribbean, more recently which country in the Caribbean has been pushing most vigorously for the development of its FTZs? P. 212 and 213 the Dominican Republic 27. What is Offshore Banking and on which islands has it become most developed in the Caribbean? (See Figure 5.28, page 214 in your textbook) P. 212 people put their money in foreign banks because they want to avoid taxes and for purposes of money laundering Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Bermuda, and Panama 28. Tourism has become an important industry in the Caribbean. What are some of the islands where this industry has been developed the most? (See Figure 5.29 on page 215) P. 215 Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Bahamas, and Jamaica 29. Remittances from immigrants living in more developed countries (such as the United States) have become increasingly important in the economies of the Caribbean islands. What are some of the islands that have relied on remittances to provide a high share of their GDPs? (See Table 5.6.1 on pag 218 in your textbook) P. 218 Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, and the Dominican Republic

-4-