Section 1

Over a decade ago, the concept of polyurea spray elastomer technology was introduced by chemists at Texaco Chemical Company (now Huntsman Corporation) in Austin, Texas. This new application was based upon the reaction of an isocyanate component with an amine blend to produce a polyurea elastomer system. Since this seminal work, a number of advances in both the chemistry and application equipment for polyurea have enabled polyurea elastomer coatings to complete (and often times displace) their traditional counterpart in the commercial arena. Recent legislation regarding volatile organic compounds (VOC) in coatings has further heightened market interest in polyurea coatings. This information packet is assembled to provide the coatings expert, and novice alike, with background, startingpoint formulation, and application information for these unique polymer systems.

For clarification purposes, a polyurethane/polyurea hybrid is a reaction with an isocyanate and a resin blend. The resin blend will contain an amine-terminated polymer resin and a hydroxyl containing polyol. It may, or may not contain catalysts.

Technology
Polyurea spray elastomers can be formulated from ingredients which produce either conventional or light-stable products. Conventional polyureas use JEFFAMINE polyetheramines with aromatic isocyanates and chain extenders, and therefore will develop the characteristic amber or yellow color when exposed to sunlight. However, unlike with polyurethanes, no chalking or cracking is observed in polyureas. Pigmentation, usually with carbon black, improves the resistance to discoloration and masks its effects. In contrast, polyurea spray elastomers based on JEFFAMINE polyetheramines, aliphatic isocyanates and amine chain extenders are lightstable and do not change color or chalk in sunlight. As would be expected, light-stable polyureas are more expensive than those based on conventional products, due to higher costs of raw materials.

The Concept
The catalyst-free isocyanate/amine reaction is normally quite rapid, proceeding to completion within a few seconds. Working times (gel times) generally fall within the sub-five second range, thus requiring specialized mixing and application equipment. Two-component spray equipment equipped with impingement mixing has proven efficient and entirely adequate for sufficient blending and rapid dispensing of the polyurea raw materials. It is chiefly this equipment that allows polyurea technology to venture outside of the realm of Reaction Injection Molding (RIM).

The Polyurea Advantage

Polyurea elastomer coatings offer many advantages over their traditional counterparts (i.e. polyurethanes, polyurethaneurea hybrids). The following highlights a number of polyureas advantageous attributes. 1. Fast cure. Polyurea can be sprayed on sloped (and even vertical) surfaces without drip or run formation. Foot traffic can resume on coatings applied to horizontal surfaces within 30 seconds. 2. Water insensitivity. Relative moisture and temperature insensitivity during application. Little effect is encountered with adhesion or coating performance due to weather variations (i.e. high humidity, temperature, and residual moisture). 3. 100% Solids. Two-component, one-coat system can be sprayed or poured at a 1:1 volume ratio. Eliminates the need for multi-coat applications. It is environmentally friendly. 4. Excellent physical properties. Including tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation. (See Table I page 6). 5. Thermal stability. Stable up to 350F. 6. Pigment compatible. Colorants can be added to change appearance and light-stability.

Definition
A polyurea coating/elastomer is derived from a reaction of an isocyante component and a resin blend component. The isocyanate can be aromatic or aliphatic in composition. It can be a monomer, polymer, or any variant reaction of isocyanates, quasi-prepolymers, or a prepolymer. The prepolymer, or quasi-prepolymer can be made of an amineterminated polymer resin, or hydroxyl-terminated polymer resin. The resin blend must be made up of amine-terminated polymer resins, and/or amine terminated chain extenders. The amine-terminated polymer resins will not have any intentional hydroxyl moieties. Any hydroxyls are the resultant from incomplete conversion to the amine-terminated polymer resin.The resin blend may also contain additives, or non-primary components. These additives may contain hydroxyls, such as pre-dispersed pigments in a polyol carrier.

7. Formulation flexibility. Can be formulated into products ranging from soft to hard elastomers. 8. Reinforcible. Reinforcement fibers can be incorporated during application. 9. Adaptable. Can be applied by a number of ways such as sprayed or poured.

A key advantage of polyurea spray coatings is that the amine/isocyanate reaction is very fast, predictable, and consistent. In contrast, polyurethane elastomers require high levels of catalyst packages which can cause degregation of the elastomer and usually possess tight processing parameters regarding temperature and humidity ranges. The following figure offers a structural comparison of generic polyurethanes and polyureas.

OCN

R ( O

NCO + HO C(O)NH R

R'

OH

catalyst

NH C(O)O

R' )n

POLYURETHANE

OCN

NCO + H2N C(O)NH R

R'

NH2 R' )n

( NH
Formosa wharf pilings. Sprayed polyurea elastomers have exhibited excellent adhesion to clean substrates such as concrete, wood, asphalt and fresh blasted steel. However, as with other rapid cure coatings, the rapid cure of polyurea systems can sometimes limit surface wetting and penetration of substrate surfaces for mechanical bonding. For this reason the end users are cautioned to test the adhesion of the sprayed elastomer films on target substrates to assess bonding of the coating. In certain cases surface primers and adhesion promoters may be necessary. In addition, because the polyurea film exhibits such robust physical properties and remains intact as it is pulled from the substrate's surface, greater adhesion may be necessary for specific applications.

NH C(O)NH

POLYUREA

While polyols are often utilized in the construction of isocyanate pre-polymers used in polyurea spray systems, these specialty pre-polymers, such a Huntsman's line of RUBINATE isocyanates, are produced without the catalysts that are usually required to promote the reaction of isocyanates and polyols. Polyols are not to be added into the amine resin blend, if the elastomer is considered to be a true polyurea, but polymer systems that do incorporate polyols into the resin blend are commonly referred to as hybrid systems . The term hybrid refers to the presence of both polyurea and polyurethane linkages within the system, and it should be noted that many times these materials do not offer the same performance or processing profiles as true polyureas. Typically, aromatic isocyanates are reacted with JEFFAMINE amines and diethyltoluene diamine (DETDA). The isocyanate component functions as the systems rigid hard block while the JEFFAMINE amine segments are commonly referred to as the systems soft block. These specialty amines generally possess soft, flexible polyoxypropylene backbones that significantly contribute to the hydrophobic/waterproof nature of the respective polyurea coatings. These alternating hard block/soft block polymer units are linked by DETDA, which is commonly referred to as the chain extender of the system.

Basic Chemistry
Polyurea systems have been defined to be the reaction of an isocyanate or isocyanate pre-polymer with a resin blend that consists of amine functional species. The synthetic scheme for a simple polyurea is depicted in the figure below.

P' R H2 N

R'

OCN

R"

NCO

NH2 AMINE Aliphatic or Aromatic

O P'

ISOCYANATE Aliphatic or Aromatic

R' O R NH NH R" )n

( NH NH

POLYUREA

Spray Equipment
Processing of spray polyurea coatings requires specialized, high pressure/high temperature, impingement mix equipment. The capability of heating the components prior to mixing is a key attribute of the spray equipment, as it was found that heating of the materials prior to spray was necessary to reduce system viscosity (i.e. the A (isocyanate) and B (amine resin blend) components). Viscosity reduction improves the mix, flow, and leveling of the applied material and leads to significant improvements in the performance and appearance of the coating. To ensure proper mixing, we have found that the use of a high-pressure proportioner and a spray or pour gun are essential. In our laboratories we have had excellent results with the following commercially available equipment from Gusmer Corporation. Gusmer Model H-3500 or MARKSMAN high pressure proportioner. Gusmer Model GX7 high-pressure spray gun. Gusmer Model AR-C high-pressure pour gun. System output: 5 lb/min to 30 lb/min

As already mentioned, the reaction of the isocyanate component with the amine blend is generally a very rapid, predictable reaction. The fast reactivity allows for rapid return to service for coating application work. The current polyurea technology allows for the preparation of both aromatic and aliphatic (light stable) elastomer systems. By selection of the appropriate isocyanate component and amine blend, a variety of system reactivities are possible. In fact, slower systems can be utilized for a variety of sealant/caulk-type applications. Given these attributes, polyurea elastomer systems are well-suited for a myriad of application areas including: pipeline coatings, secondary containment, synthetic stucco coatings, concrete coatings, railcar coatings, foam and EPS coatings, tank linings, part production, truck-bed liners, various waterproofing applications, and floor joint/seam sealants. In addition to these uses, polyurea continues to be evaluated for use in numerous niche applications that require high performance coatings with near immediate return to service.

Other Available Equipment Is Supplied By Glas-Craft

Glas-Craft Super Maxi or MH Dispensing Systems. Glas-Craft Model Probler Dispensing Gun. Equipment Processing parameters: Hydraulic pressure 400-550 psi System pressure 2000-3000 psi Component temperature (at spray head) B-component 140-165 F A-component 140-165 F 1. The isocyanate index (NCO/reactive amine) should be maintained at 1.05/1.00. 2. Unless variable ratio equipment is used, the ratio of the A-component to the B-component must be maintained at 1.0/1.0 by volume, which is usually 1.1 to 1.2/1.0 by weight A coating on marine pilings

Section 2

Raw Materials

Application Areas
The mere concept of instant, high-performance coatings has peaked the interest of many that possess an entrepreneurial spirit, as well as those with vivid imaginations. In the infancy of this new polyurea technology, spray applications of structures and objects, too numerous to fully inventory, were attempted.

Polyurea elastomer systems are based upon formulations that can be finely tuned for an application. Just as in a complex cooking recipe, a number of chemical ingredients (raw materials) are incorporated into this two-component system. It is not uncommon to utilize five or ten function-specific additives in addition to the isocyanate component and amine blend. Below is a brief summary of the types of reagents that are commonly incorporated into polyurea formulations. In Section 3, entitled Polyurea Physical Properties, specific admixtures are presented and the impact of their varying constitutions upon coating performance and properties discussed.

Amine Compounds (B Components)

The amine blends used in the application of polyurea elastomer systems are often referred to as the B-component (or resin blend). As mentioned in Section I, the B-components multi-functional, amine terminatedpolyethers and chain extenders are used in conjunction with the quasi-isocyanate prepolymers comprising the A-component to form the polyurea backbone. At the heart of the B-component mixture are Huntsman Corporations JEFFAMINE amines. These compounds are amine-terminated ethylene oxide and propylene oxide-based polyethers exhibiting molecular weights from ~200-5000 g/mole. Suitable JEFFAMINE products for polyurea elastomer technology include:

The JEFFAMINE polyetheramines are based upon their backbone and structure type, which are largely responsible for the low moisture vapor transmission rates in the corresponding polyurea systems. The primary amine groups in these molecules react rapidly and consistently with the isocyanate components, obviating the need for catalysts.

Isocyanate Component (A-Component)

The isocyanate component is a soft block quasi-prepolymer based on commercially available isocyanates, such as MDI for aromatic systems and IPDI for aliphatic systems. Viscosities of the isocyanate quasi-prepolymer components vary with the formulations employed and are typically under 3000 cps (3000 mPa.s) at room temperature (77F, 25C) and under 500 cps (500 mPa.s) at normal processing temperatures of 150F (65C).

Product
JEFFAMINE T-5000 JEFFAMINE D-2000 JEFFAMINE T-403 JEFFAMINE D-400 JEFFAMINE D-230

Approx. Approx. Molecular Functionality Weight Amine Group

5000 2000 400 400 230 3 2 3 2 2

Resin components viscosities range from about 800 to 1100 cps (800 to 1000 mPa.s) at room temperature (77F, 25C) and 140 to 170 cps (140 to 170 mPa.s) at 150F (65C).

Concrete-secondary containment

Rubinate Specialty Isocyanates

Isocyanates
9009 9257 9258 9259 9272 9433 9480 9483 9484 9485

Description
Polyurea Prepolymer High Functionality High 2,4' Polymeric Water-Emulsifiable MDI Moisture Cure Prepolymer High 2,4' Liquid Pure Polyurea Prepolymer Polyurea Prepolymer Polyurea Prepolymer High 2,4' Polymeric

Fn
2.1 2.9 2.3 2.7 2.0 2.01 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.6

%NCO
16.0 30.2 31.8 29.5 8.0 31.9 5.5 15.0 16.0 31.2

Eq. Wt.
262 139 132 142 525 132 271 280 262 135

Viscosity eps @25C

1000 900 40 275 3000 18 600 300 300 130

Table 1.
Isocyanates

Isocyanate Analysis In Polyurea Spray Application

A
100 100 100 100 16 54.8 9.6 25.4 10.2 0.9 1.5 6.5 2287 241 357 1477 5.0 8.0 2876 519 485 47/40 1230 1896 6.5 9.0 2492 518 476 43/36 1172 1713 4.5 7.5 3113 514 508 50/43 1400 2115 15.5 15 16

RUBINATE 9009 RUBINATE 9480 RUBINATE 9483 RUBINATE 9484 NCO, %

Resin Blend
JEFFAMINE D-2000 JEFFAMINE T-5000 EthacureTM 100 TiO2 Silane A-187

Physical Properties
Gel time, sec Tack free time, sec Tensile strength, psi Elongation, % Tear strength, pli Modulus, 100% Modulus, 300%

Shore D hardness (0sec/10sec) 46/39

Chain Extenders
A second set of amines reagents, referred to as chain extenders, play a key role in both processing time and the ultimate properties of the respective coatings. As with isocyanate components, chain extenders can be either aliphatic or aromatic in nature. Aliphatic species are utilized in applications where light stability is a high priority; however, these chain extenders are significantly more expensive. Listed are common chain extenders used in polyurea elastomer systems:

Chain Extender
ETHACURE 100 ETHACURE 300 UNILINK 4200 CLEARLINK 1000

Manufacturer
Albermarle Albermarle UOP LLC UOP LLC Various

Type
Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aliphatic Aliphatic

Isophoronediamine(IPDA)

Other Additives
The B-component mixture can contain a host of other additives that serve a variety of functions in the ultimate polyurea elastomer system. When necessitated by certain difficult substrates, siloxanebased adhesion promoters can be utilized. For applications where a rough morphology is desired (e.g. truck-bed liners), texturing agents such as washed

sand or calcium sulfonate can be incorporated. For caulk applications a thixotrope, such as fumed silica, is required to maintain dispersion of the other B-components. A variety of UV-stabilizers and antioxidants from Ciba, Cytec and Clariant are also formulated into coatings by addition to the B-component side. Polyurea elastomer technology is also amenable to the use of colorants. Two commonly

encountered pigments are titanium dioxide and carbon black, with the latter being capable of masking the majority of effects caused by UV-exposure. A number of JEFFAMINE polyetheramine-based pigments dispersions are offered through Day-Glo Corporation, which ultimately afford a wide array of possible coating colors. The adhesion promotor utilized in our research developments has been the Silane A-187, manufactured by OSi Specialties.

Section 3 Polyurea Physical Properties

A wide range of final polyurea products are possible, ranging from soft rubbers to hard elastomers. The tables below are intended to illustrate the versatility of polyurea elastomers that are possible from this technology. It is strongly recommended to polyurea applicators and customers to thoroughly evaluate polyureas, prior to commercial application, to insure material suitability in the intended service. No warranties are intended or implied by Huntsman Corporation.

Polyurea System Availability

Huntsman Corporation manufactures and sells the family of JEFFAMINE polyetheramines and isocyanates that are the key ingredients in polyureas. These JEFFAMINE polyetheramine products are supplied to qualified formulators who blend, evaluate and sell polyurea systems to applicators and end users. A list of system formulators who can supply applicators with blended polyurea spray systems is available from Huntsman Corporation. These formulators will also supply the technical service support and work with their applicator customers to supply materials that are designed to meet the specific needs of those applications. Huntsman Chemical also supplies isocyanates utilized in polyureas formulations, through the Huntsman Polyurethane group.

Hard Elastomers For Spray

MDI Based Prepolymer
% NCO

E
15.4 57.45 10.64 21.28 10.64 1.10 1.00 1.12 5.5 10.0 D51 D42 2662 532 1173 1753 19.3 482

F
17.9

G
19.6

H
20.4 22.00 26.00 10.00 27.00 15.00 1.10 1.00 1.17 2.5 4.0 D70 D61 3522 73

Resin Blend
JEFFAMINE D-2000 JEFFAMINE D-400 JEFFAMINE T-5000 ETHACURE 100 UNILINK 4200 40.00 33.50 16.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 19.00 21.50 15.00 15.00 1.10 1.00 1.15 4.5 9.5 D55 D47 3084 472 1383 2112 23.7 461 30.5 541 39.0 716 1.10 1.00 1.16 3.5 6.5 D61 D52 2772 268 1946

Processing
Index Iso/Resin volume ration Iso/Resin weight ration

Physical Property
Gel Time (s) Tack-Free Time (s) Hardness (0 s) (10 s) Tensile Strength (psi) Elongation (%) Modulus (100%) Modulus (300%) Load (psi) Tear Strength (pli)

Synthetic stucco coatings using polyurea sprays are commercially available now. (EPS, polyurethane board etc.)

Softer/Caulk Formulations

Soft Elastomers For Spray

Aromatic Polyurea Sealant Systems Three Minute Gel-Time Target Dual Syringe, Static Mix Applied
1 Isocyanate Component
Rubinate 9480 JEFFSOL PC 100 100 100

MDI Based Prepolymer A

% NCO 10.5

B
11.7

C
12.9

D
13.9 61.53 10.61 17.87 9.99 1.10 1.00 1.11 6.5 13.5

Resin Blend
JEFFAMINE D-2000 JEFFAMINE D-400 JEFFAMINE T-5000 ETHACURE 100 UNILINK 4200 10.54 11.07 10.64 9.33 12.51 15.32 10.02 9.97 1.10 1.00 1.09 20.0 A56 A49 1063 254 482 9.8 220 1.10 1.00 1.10 13.5 10.21 1.10 1.00 1.10 8.0 25.0 70.11 66.45 63.83

Amine Resin Blend

JEFFAMINE D-2000 JEFFAMINE T-5000 UNILINK 4200 CABOSIL M-5 Index ISO/resin vol ration 1.30 1:1 1.30 1.30 1:1 1:1 50 10 37 51 11 33 41 19 37

Processing
Index Iso/Resin volume ration Iso/Resin weight ration

Physical Property
Gel Time (s) Tack-Free Time (s) Hardness (0 s) 120.0 30.0

Physical Properties/ Performance Characteristics Three Minute Gel Time Target

1
Gel Time Tensile Strength (psi) Tear Strength (pli) Percent Elongation Shore D Hardness Modulus, 100% (psi) Modulus, 300% (psi) 4 min 1297 363 546 547 841

A67 A76/D36 A85/D40 A61 A69/D27 A79/D30 2520 1014 538 892 13.3 329 2277 803 683 1055 15.1 364 998 365 624 17.7 270

2
2 min 1910 414 650 717 1068

3
3 min 1564 408 552 682 1017

(10 s) Tensile Strength (psi) Elongation (%) Modulus (100%) Modulus (300%) Load (psi) Tear Strength (pli)

1146 1426

42 / 30 41 / 32 42 / 32

Chemical Resistance Testing For Polyurea Spray Elastomers

Polyurea spray elastomer systems are 100% solids, two-component spray systems which have extremely fast reactivities and cure times. This technology is similar to the high-performance polyurethane systems currently used, except for several key points. In the polyurea spray technology, JEFFAMINE polyoxyalkylene diamines and triamines have replaced the polyols, amine chain extenders are utilized, and catalysts have been eliminated.

Spray elastomer systems based on this polyurea technology are good candidates for both coating and non-coating-type applications. In either application case, the chemical resistance of the coating material could be of major importance. There are many factors, which affect the chemical resistance of elastomer systems. These include: Application design. Elastomer system formulation. Service and exposure temperature. Type and amount of impurities, that could be present in the chemical and/or environment.

chemical was in contact with the elastomer system for a Table 2. describes the chemical resistance of polyurea period of seven days, except where noted. Visual obserpolymers. The polyurea systems utilized, are standard vations were made on the elastomer daily and additional spray elastomer systems, including both aromatic and chemical was added as needed. The tested area was covaliphatic based elastomers. It is believed that these systems ered with a watch glass to inhibit evaporation and/or congive a good representation of each particular type tamination of the chemicals. Chemicals used as well as technology. For testing purposes, both ASTM D1308 results can be found in Table 2. and ASTM D3912 methods were utilized. These tests were performed at 25C with visual observations being noted at the end of the test Table 2 Chemical Resistance ASTM D 3912 procedures. Because of the simplicity of these tests and due to the factors listed CHEMICAL 12-MONTH EXPOSURE above, which are beyond the control of Methanol Swelling, < 48 hrs Huntsman Corporation, no guarantee Gasoline Slight surface change, no hardness loss or warranty concerning the use of these elastomer systems is either intended or Diesel fuel No visible damage implied, thus the chemical resistance Toluene Swelling, < 24 hrs should be determined on actual polyurea elastomers that are to be used. These test MTBE Slight surface change results are reported to serve as a guide to 5% MTBE/Gasoline Slight surface change the applicability of polyurea spray elastomers in a variety of applications. It is the responsibility of each system supplier and/or end user to assess the suitability of polyurea spray elastomers for specific applications.

Motor Oil Hydraulic Fluid 2-Methylbutane Water/Room temperature Water/82C, 14 days 10% NaCl/Water/Room temp 10% NaCl/Water/50C, 14 days 10% Sugar/Water Sulfuric Acid/5% Sulfuric Acid/10% Hydrochloric Acid/5% Hydrochloric Acid/10% Phosphoric Acid/10% Ammonium Hydroxide/10% Ammonium Hydroxide/20% Sodium Hydroxide/10% Sodium Hydroxide/20% Sodium Hydroxide/50% Sodium Hydroxide/1%, 50C, 14 days Potassium Hydroxide/10% Potassium Hydroxide/20% Acetic Acid/10%

Slight surface change, no hardness loss Slight surface change, no hardness loss No visible damage No visible damage No visible damage No visible damage No visible damage No visible damage No visible damage No visible damage No visible damage No visible damage No visible damage No visible damage No visible damage No visible damage No visible damage Slight surface discolor, no hardness loss Slight surface discolor, no hardness loss No visible damage Slight surface discolor, no hardness loss No visible damage

ASTM D 1308: Effect Of Household Chemicals On Clear And Pigmented Organic Finishes
This test describes the spot test or watch glass method to simulate exposure of the coating through possible spillage. Each

Truck bed liners; a large after market application using polyurea coatings

In addition to the Chemical Resistance chart above chart, we have included a comparative Polymer guide (Table 3) to familiarize customers with the relative performance ranking of the polyurea chemistry with other available polymer systems. The information described here along with Table 2 can render a general guide of the chemical and performance benefits of polyureas.

Under normal equipment operating conditions, the Isocyanate Component and the Resin Component of the polyurea spray system react almost instantaneously so that there is not an excess of either isocyanate or amine exiting from the spray nozzle. However, even under ideal operating conditions, very small amounts of unreacted MDI (4, 4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate), or IPDI (isophorone

Table 3
Performance Type
Physical strength Elongation Impact resistance Abrasion resistance Adhesion to concrete Cure shrinkage Permeability UV Resistance Creep Temperature Limit

Comparative Polymer Performance

Polyurea
Low-High High High High Low-High Low Low Mid-High Low Low-High Low-Mid Mid Mid-High Low-Mid Low-Mid Low-Mid High High

Polyurethane
Low-Mid High Mid-High Mid-High Low-Mid Low Mid-High Low-High High Mid Low-Mid Low-Mid Low-Mid Low-Mid Low-Mid Low-Mid Mid-High Low-High

Polyester
High Low Mid Mid High Low Mid-High Low-Mid

Epoxy Vinyl Ester Acrylic Polysulfide

High Low Mid High Low Low Low Low-Mid High Low Mid Mid-High Mid High Low Mid Low-Mid Mid-High Mid-High High High Mid-High Mid-High Mid-High High Mid-High Mid-High Low-Mid Mid-High Mid-High Low-Mid High Low-Mid High Low-Mid Mid Mid Mid High Low-Mid Low-High Low-High High Mid-High Low-Mid High Mid-High Mid Low-Mid Low Mid-High High High Low-Mid Low-Mid Low-Mid Low-Mid Low-Mid Low-Mid Low-Mid Mid-High Low-High

Mid-High Mid-High

Low-Mid Mid-High Mid-High Mid-High High Mid Low-Mid Mid High Low-Mid

Chemical Resistance
Mineral acids Organic acids Alkalis Chlorinated solvents Oxygenated solvents Hydrocarbon solvents Salts Water

Low-High Low-High Mid-High Mid-High High High Mid-High Mid-High

Health And Safety

Potential health and safety hazards associated with the spray application described in this bulletin may arise from both the toxicological properties of the chemical components and from the mechanical aspects of the high pressure equipment involved. Before undertaking any spray work, the applicator should be thoroughly familiarize themselves with the safe operation of the equipment and should follow all instructions and safety precautions provided by the manufacturer of the equipment. Particular care should be taken that the spray nozzle is never directed toward ones face or body or other workers during operation.

Successful rail car coatings (5 years to date)

10

diisocyanate) depending on the formulation of the Isocyanate Component, or DETDA (diethyltoluene diamine) or IPDA (isophorone diamine), depending on the formulation of the Resin Component, may be present as an aerosol or vapor. Exposure to MDI or IPDI aerosol or vapors from the Isocyanate Component may result in irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Repeated inhalation of MDI aerosol or vapor may produce a hypersensitivity reaction of the respiratory tract similar to an asthma-like response. Individuals with preexisting asthmatic conditions, or who have been previously sensitized to isocyanates may respond to very low concentration isocyanate exposures. Dermal contact with the Isocyanate Components may result in dermal irritation. However, repeated dermal contact may result in a delayed-contact hypersensitivity reaction (rash). In addition, cross sensitization reactions (sensitization to more than one isocyanate from exposure to a single isocyanate) have been demonstrated for a number of isocyanates, including IPDI and TDI (toluene diisocyanate). Exposure to DETDA or IPDA aerosol or vapors from the Resin Component may result in moderate to severe irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Dermal contact with DETDA may result in moderate to severe dermal irritation. IPDA is considered to be corrosive to eyes and skin. Repeated dermal contact with DETDA may result in a delayed-contact hypersensitivity reaction (rash). Chronic (two year) feeding studies in rats using DETDA have resulted in caused changes in the pancreas, liver, thyroid and eyes. An increase in the number of male rats with liver and thyroid tumors and female rats with liver and mammary gland tumors was also observed. The No Effect Level (NOEL) for organ toxicity (other than liver effects), and for liver and thyroid tumors was 35 ppm. The NOEL for mammary gland tumors

was 10 ppm. Due to study design, a NOEL could not be established for chronic liver toxicity. Prior to handling or using any component of a polyurea spray system or engaging in polyurea spray work, the manufacturers Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for both the Isocyanate Component and the Resin Component should be reviewed for their recommendations for appropriate respiratory and dermal protection measures when handling, using or spraying their products. Although workplace exposure limits have not been established for DETDA and IPDA, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has established a threshold limit value (TLV) of 0.005 ppm for MDI and IPDI. To minimize any risk due to exposure to the chemicals used or the particulate matter created in polyurea spray applications, spraying should be done only in a well-ventilated location (either outdoors or by use of mechanical fans), or in a properly ventilated spray booth. Applicators should wear, as minimum respiratory protection, a half-face mask respirator. In areas with poor ventilation, or where oxygen supply is threatened, supplied air breathing equipment must be worn. In addition, protective gloves, coveralls, and safety glasses should be worn.

Architectural coatings (commercial amusement parks, trade shows, movie set back drops etc.)

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2001 Huntsman Corporation Warning: Polyurea products manufactured from these chemicals may present a fire hazard if improperly used. Each manufacturer or user of such products should determine whether there is potential hazard in a specific application and take the necessary precautions. Huntsman Corporation warrants only that its products meet the specifications stated herein. Typical properties, where stated, are to be considered as representative of current production and should not be treated as specifications. While all the information presented in this document is believed to be reliable and to represent the best available data on these products, NO GUARANTEE, WARRANTY , OR REPRESENTATION IS MADE, INTENDED, OR IMPLIED AS TO THE CORRECTNESS OR SUFFICIENCY OF ANY INFORMATION, OR AS TO THE SUITABILITY OF ANY CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOR ANY PARTICULAR USE, OR THAT ANY CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR USE THEREOF ARE NOT SUBJECT TO A CLAIM BY A THIRD PARTY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. EACH USER SHOULD CONDUCT A SUFFICIENT INVESTIGATION TO ESTABLISH THE SUITABILITY OF ANY PRODUCT FOR ITS INTENDED USE. Products may be toxic and require special precaution in handling. For all products listed, user should obtain detailed information on toxicity, together with proper shipping, handling, and storage procedures, and comply with all applicable safety and environmental standards. Main Offices: Huntsman Corporation / P.O. Box 27707 / Houston, Texas 77227-7707 / 713-235-6000 Technical Services Section: P.O. Box 15730 / Austin, Texas 78761 / 512-459-6543