PEACE CORPS MALI

KALANDEN KA GAFE
STUDENTS BOOK

INTRODUCTORY BAMBARA

LANGUAGE TRAINING PROGRAM 1

Acknowledgements
This Bambara book is designed in the behalf of the Peace Corps Trainees learning Bambara to help them meet the needs of Peace Corps Mali in terms of their linguistic and cultural training as Volunteers. As this manual will be mostly used during the training that happens among the village communities, its contents are based upon the CBT style. We hope then, dear PCTs, that the use of this book could contribute efficiently not only to your training in Bambara language, but also to culturally guiding you, future volunteers. The success of this book in both fields will depend on its use relating on the realities of your training sites. This trainee book Kalanden ka Gafe is designed as follows:
I-

COMMUNICATIVES TASKS

17

Objectives Pictures Cultural Notes Safety and Security Notes Personal health Notes Dialogs Texts Vocabulary Grammar Exercises TDAs Self Evaluation

2-

APPENDIX

Grammatical Notes Proverbs Translation Stories

We render a huge tribute to the Peace Corps/Mali Country Director, Doctor Michael J. Simsik, who constantly supported and fostered the Language Program in the elaboration of these books. Ours sincere acknowledgments also to the whole Training Team, particularly to Mamadou Doudou NDoye (Assistant Language Coordinator and Project Manager), Bocar Bocoum (Language and Technical Training Coordinator), Moussa Camara, Abdallah Ag Mohamed Assaleh (Language and Cross Culture Facilitators) and all those who took part in the elaboration of these books. Thanks for your permanent endeavors and herein expecting your advises and suggestions that will be, indeed, helpful for future language books. Bocar BOCOUM Language and Technical Coordinator
July, 2009

Preface
Welcome to Mali and our language training program! Our language training program, already proven highly effective in its ability to teach trainees language acquisition in a very short amount of time, continues to seek ways to broaden the language skills needed by Volunteers. Discussions and reflections among Peace Corps Staff and Volunteers about how we can improve the effectiveness of the language program focused on the integration of language and technical skills acquisition for the purpose of improving Volunteer performance in the field. The genesis of this reflection involves the following question: What are the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) that Trainees need in order to become highly effective Volunteers? This manual is, in part, an answer to this question as its purpose is to provide you, as a Peace Corps Trainee, useful vocabulary and terminology based on real situations that you should expect to encounter as a Volunteer in Mali. This manual also represents a big step in the direction of implementing the new training design and evaluation process, whereby all training activities are driven by clearly defined competencies, KSAs, learning objectives and teaching methods. As a Trainee, you have a very limited amount of time to acquire a new language. However, the adequate acquisition of your new language will be vital for you if you are to become an effective Volunteer. You can best use your precious language learning time by employing effective language learning strategies to improve your language skills. One such strategy that has proven successful is to use technical vocabulary and dialogs from real situations that you will encounter in your work. Learning languages also requires a sense of adventure and a certain amount of experimentation on the part of the learner. As the learner, you need to also be willing to make mistakes. You are highly encouraged to do so, as your language trainers are a very sympathetic and friendly audience with whom to make mistakes. They will guide you and correct you as needed, helping you to build your skills along the way. We also ask that you practice often with the vocabulary and phrases in this manual, and even use role plays with your language instructors to improve your mastery of the content. It will only help to ease your comfort level and build your confidence, so that once you are a Volunteer using these technical vocabulary and phrases in real situations with your counterparts, colleagues, and fellow villagers, you will not be intimidated (or at least, a little less so!). Note that the material in this manual is included because other Volunteers have found it useful to their work and other aspects of their service in Mali. So give it a try and see how it can help you to improve your acquisition of local language as well as your understanding of the technical aspects of the work you anticipate doing as a Volunteer. I would also like to give a big thank you to Mamadou NDoye (Doudou) and Abdallah Ag Mohamed, who have labored hard to produce these manuals. Their diligent work and dedication are acknowledged, and Peace Corps-Mali is grateful for their service and commitment to Trainees and Volunteers alike. They strive to insure that Trainees and Volunteers attain a comfort level in the language in which they will work. With such a comfort level, Volunteers will be able to work productively, integrate culturally, live happily, and leave Mali with a successful legacy of service to their communities. Good luck and again, welcome to Mali! Dr. Michael J. Simsik Programming and Training Officer U.S. Peace Corps Mali July 1st, 2009

BAMBARA

List of Communicative Tasks

COMMUNICATIVE TASK

OBJECTIVES

VOCABULAR Y

GRAMMAR

1
- Greeting - Introducing

Greet alone in appropriate ways

according to the different moments of the day, in the community.

Expressions related
to the situation Jobs Titles Parenthood expressions Expressions for introducing Expressions for leave taking

oneself - Saying goodbye

Tell with precision his/her first name, his family name and where he/she comes from. Use, at least, three (3) types of questions to know the name of some objects in a real situation.

To be (b) (yeye) at the present tense Personal pronouns Interrogative words: min? jon? - jumn? Transitive, reflexive and intransitive verbs at the present tense The postposition la

2
- Asking the world

for something

Ask, at least, three (3) types of questions to find out the name and the use of five (5) different objects in a real situation. Identify, at least, five (5)
different objects in his/her sector.

Usual expressions for identifying Classic objects Numbers

The possessive adjective ka

The possessive pronoun ta

The emphatic personal pronoun The emphatic

Tell the use of, at least, five (5) different objects in his/her community. Use three (3) expressions of
possession.

de

3
- Talking about

Cite six (6) family relationships in his/her host family. Tell exactly the profession of
three (3) family members and where they live.

Parenthood terms Expressions such as

to be alive, dead, married, old, single, etc.

the family

To have (f) How much/many joli?

Tell the social status and the age of, at least, three (3) family members in the target language.

4
- Shopping

Use efficiently the local money

in a Malian market.

Currency Items of the market,

in the shops Bargaining expressions

Buy two (2) or three (3) items in

a market or a shop.

Transitive, reflexive and intransitive verbs at the pass tense

5
- Asking/Giving

directions

Locate, at least, two (2) places. Use, at least, three (3)

expressions to ask and give directions.

Name of place Terms of locating and

giving direction Cardinal points Ordinal numbers

The Imperative

6
- Describe

Name, at least, ten (10) parts of human body. Describe a person by pointing
out, at least, five (5) physical and five (5) moral traits.

Body parts Adjectives describing

morally and physically Colors Expressions for describing

a person, an object and a place

Describe, in five (5) correct

sentences, his/her training site.

Describe an object by giving two

(2) or three (3) characteristics.

The ka auxiliary Qualifying adjectives + man suffix The passive voice with the len/nen suffix

7
- Describe ones

Cite, at least, five (5) common sicknesses in Mali. Ask, at least, one accurate
question to get information about someones physical state.

Diseases Expressions for

feelings, emotions and desires Expressions for blessings

mental and physical state

The Future tense The Imperfect tense

Formulate two (2) or three (3) blessings to a sick person. Cite, at least, four (4) daily activities of a man and four of a woman according to the different periods of the day. Cite five (5) activities of his/her own. Cite, at least, five (5) daily or seasonal activities according to the gender, and the age. Tell his/her daily timetable to his/her host family.

8
- Talking about

daily activities

The name of the periods of the day Verbs linked to daily activities Expressions linked to activities

The Hypothetical future with

mana
The Conditional tense

9
- Talking about

Cite the three (3) most used transportation means in Mali. Ask three (3) appropriate questions to get informed about the means, the fare and the schedule of transportation regarding his/her trip, in a real situation. Use three (3) appropriate expressions to wish welcome or safe trip to a traveler.
Means of transportation Travel expressions Blessings expressions
Verb expressing habit (ka deli ka) at the present tense, the past tense and the Imperfect tense

traveling

10
- Talking about

Cite, at least, five (5) Malian meals. Explain, at least, one recipe to someone. Enumerate four (4) behaviors when eating in Mali and compare them to the American ones.

meals

Name of dishes, utensils, ingredients, beverages Meals expressions

The use of

11
- Talking about

Cite three (3) religious and three (3) traditional feasts in Mali. Name, at least, three (3) leisure time activities in his/her community and describe one of them.

feasts and leisure

Name of religious and traditional feasts name of musical instruments Leisure time places

The passive voice

12
- Accept or decline

an invitation

Use, at least, three (3) expressions to invite someone in a real situation. Use appropriately three (3) expressions to accept or decline an invitation.

Expressions to invite someone Expressions to accept an invitation Expression to decline an invitation

Verbs expressing desire and obligation at the present tense, the past tense and the Imperfect tense

13
- Asking for help

Use three (3) appropriate expressions to ask for or decline a proposal of help in a given situation. Cite three (3) characteristics of
the main seasons in Mali.

Expressions and words for soliciting, proposing, accepting or politely declining help Expressions for giving instructions to an employee Name of seasons, months Characteristics of each season Activities during each season

Review of the tenses

14
- Talking about

Review of the tenses

weather

Cite, at least, two (2) activities related to the seasons, according to gender. Explain in detail his/her work to another person. Explain in detail one specific
activity related to his/her technical sector.

15
- Talking about

ones skills

crafts Professions Terms of describing

skills

The action nouns The agentive nouns

16
- Getting informed

Ask, appropriately, questions to get informed about his/her site. Interview resource persons in
order to list NGOs and development partners working in his/her commune.

The ethnic groups Social ceremonies Customs, taboos,

habits

The comparatives

about ones area

17
- Leading a

Use expressions to ask for the audiences patience during a real meeting. Introduce (open) or to end (close) a meeting in his/her community. Ask questions to get peoples opinions on the subjects in a real situation.

community meeting

Expressions for opening or closing a meeting Terms related to opinions

The demonstrative adjective nin The relative pronoun min

1
- Grammatical

The suffix

lan
The suffix

Notes

Use proper prefixes et

suffixes to form new words and expressions.

Words and expressions

linked to grammatical notes

ntan
The suffix ta The suffix

bali
The suffix ka The prefix la

2
- Translations Dialogs Texts
Use of proverbs in daily communication

Use the items alone.

3
- Stories

Introductory beginners course into culture by stories

Expressions found through stories and legends from bambara country

Use of stories and proverbs in training activities

Communicative Task: FOLI - MG JIRA MG WR LA

FOLI BILA
GREETING INTRODUCING ONESELF SAYING GOODBYE Objectives :
1. Each trainee will be able to greet alone in appropriate ways according to the different moments of the day, in the community. 2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to tell with precision his/her first name, his family name and where he/she comes from. 3. Each trainee will be able to use at least three (3) expressions to say goodbye in a real situation. 4. Each trainee will be able to use, at least, three (3) types of questions to know the name of some objects in a real situation.

Guess what are they saying? Amadu: _______________________ Sali: __________________________

Cultural Notes:
1. Greeting is very important in Mali. The one(s) who arrive(s) initiate(s) the greeting. 2. Never greet people in the morning before washing the face. 3. The family name is very significant because it allows you to identify the joking cousins, the ethnic group and the origin of the identified person. 4. Always announce where you are going and when you will probably be back. 5. The host should always accompany the visitor to the gate.

a)THE IMPORTANCE OF GREETINGS In Africa, greetings and salutations are extremely important to people. For the American, who is used to saying nothing more than hi and then moving on, this may be hard to get used to.The Bambara people and their language presente no exception to this generalization. The exchanges presented to you in this and the following lessons represent only a beginning upon which you can build up your inventory of salutations and eventually perfect the art of greeting in the Bambara world. When two good friends meet, the greetings may last as long as five minutes, and even longer if they havent seen each other for a long time. Greetings are a way of showing the respect that people have for each other. Greetings always involve at least one handshake and usually involve a series of handshakings of varying durations. You will often see the men putting their hands to their chests after each handshake part of showing respect. The greetings should always be begun with a handshake, and leavetaking will also require one handshake. When you pass people that you know in the street, it is best to stop and go through at least a short greeting exchange with them. Whatever your dealings may be with various Malian people, it is important to start off your conversation or your business with the greetings. You should never be in so much of a hurry that you dont have time to greet someone - it doesnt pay. In a typical greeting dialogue, one person usually starts out and remains the initiator for several exchanges while the other person responds to the various greetings and questions. When that series is completed, then the roles switch and the initiator becomes the answerer for several exchanges.

10

b)-

TIMES OF DAY

For greetings and for referring to the times of the day, the Bambara language makes four different divisions of the day: 1234the morning ( sgma ), the heat of the day - around noon ( tile ), the afternoon ( wula ) and the evening and night ( su ).

There is a greeting for each of these divisions of the day. The greeting i ni sgma would be literally translated as meaning you and the morning , but really corresponds with the English Good morning and the French bonjour . c)GREETING PATTERNS The following diagrams are designed to represent the various possibilities for use of the basic greeting patterns presented in this lesson. Only one item is to be selected at a time from boxes containing several listed items. Use these to check out the different possibilities and to make up new ones. The order of the diagrams represents an acceptable ordering of the greetings.
Greetings i aw (name) i somgw i c /muso i ni sgma tile wula su kn (wa) ? Responses nba (male) nse (female)

ka

tr (si)

di?

n hr

t t t b

n na u la a la hr la drn

The words nba and nse are used extensively in response to various greetings. Trying to translate them is useless, since we dont have their equivalents in English. Essentially they are signs of acknowledgement indicating acceptance of the greeting and recognition of the other person. Nba is the male response and nse is the female response. 11

IAmadu: Sali: Amadu: Sali: Amadu: Sali: Amadu: Sali: Amadu: Sali: Amadu: Sali:

DIALOG
I ni sgma, n balimamuso! Nse i ni sgma, n balimak! Hr sira? Hr drn! I ka kn? Tr t! I tg? N tg Amadu Jara. E dun? N tg Sali Tarawele. I Jara! Nba! Tarawele muso, i b b min? N b b Segu. Jarak, i fana b b Segu? Eh, ayi! N b b yan. O ka i! Ala ka tile hr caya! Amiina! Kan bu fo! U na mn!

Safety and Security Notes:

1. Greeting facilitates the integration and guarantees respect, personal and material security in the community. 2. The joking cousin plays the role of an icebreaker and a social stabilizer between Malian communities.

12

IIII i ka kn? baasi t tana t? x ka kn tr t'u la x b di? a b ten hr drn hr tilenna? x dun? tg bangebaaw ba dg muso teric kalanden kuntigi jamana dugu Ameriki ka b x fil jumn? jon don? nin ye x ye lakli kalanso dumunikyr ka taa ka sung ka x mn ka x kun bn k'i lafi k'i ko k'i yaala

VOCABULARY
how are you? I'm fine are you fine? x is healthy (fine) they're fine how are x? it's so so peace only (fine) how was your day? and x? (what about x)? name parents mother younger sibling wife/woman male friend student chief country city America ( U S A ) to come from heres x which?, what? who is it? this is x school classroom restaurant, eating place. to go to sleep to hear x to meet x to rest to wash oneself. to take a walk tr t I'm fine tr si t no problem at all tana t I'm fine tr t'a la he/she's fine i b di? how are you? a b di? how is it? hr b? is there peace? (How are you?) hr sira? how was your night? jamu duman? what's your last name? i + family name acknowledging your family name (a form of greeting) jamu last name fa father kr older sibling c husband/man teri friend terimuso female friend karamg teacher mg leader jamanatigi president dugutigi chief of village Farafinna Africa x sigilen don + place x is settled in... ( live ) min? where? jon? who? x don its x butigi dktrso ka na ka x fo ka wuli ka x caya k'i da k'i miiri k'i sigi k'i naj shop hospital to come to greet x to get up to increase x to lay down to think to sit down to have fun.

13

COMMON EXPRESSIONS

To take leave of someone at different moments of the day: usually there is a leave taking expression followed by the answer. sung b n na n taara k'an b'u fo k'an b'a fo I am sleepy. I am leaving Say we greet them tell them hello Say we greet him/her
DUGAW

n sgnnen don kelen! u n'a mn a n'a mn

I am tired. already they will hear it She/he will hear it. Blessings

k'an sni ka su hr (caya) k'an bn

See you soon good night. see you.

k'an kelen kelen wuli May we get up one by one (Good night) ka segin n'i uman ye May you come back safe.amiina

Ala ka tile hr caya May god increase the peace of the day (Have a nice day) ka dugu uman j good night. k'an si (hr la) May we spend the night in peace (Good night) ka taa ni ka segin ngya Have a nice trip Amen.

SOME TIME EXPRESSIONS

sgma/sgmada f In the morning 3 pm) wula f In the afternoon sni Soon sinin Tomorrow

tile f/tilegan f suf kf

In the afternoon (12: am _ In the evening Later

SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY

hakto basi t n ma faamu segin a kan

please no problem I did not understand it repeat it

hak ti la i ko di? n ma mn a f tuguni

you are excused what did you say? I did not hear it say it again

14

IIIIII -

GRAMMAR
THE PRESENT TENSE:

a)- Translations for to be As will become apparent to you, there are a number of forms in Bambara that translate the English verb to be. In this lesson we have been briefly exposed to two of these. 1- b in the sentence hr b: There is happiness. t in the sentence tr t: There is no trouble. This form is used to express existence, location, and state. The negative of this form is indicated by the word t, as in the second example above. In example 2-, this form is used for expressing existence. In the following two examples from this lesson, the same form is essentially used for location. 2- ka in the question: i ka kn (wa)? How are you? This form is used for what we will refer to as adjectives. Literally translated, the question corresponds to are you healthy? or are you well? in English, but it is used like the English How are you? or the French. Remember that ka is the sign of this form and that kn meaning healthy is an adjective. Adjectives will be more closely examined in Communicative Task: Describing a person, an object, a place. 3- To describe somebody or something in order to translate the English to be, the ye ... ye is used. e.g: John ye kalanden ye. New-York ye ameriki dugu ye. Mali ye jamana ye.
N.B.:

John is a student. N.Y. is an American city. Mali is a country.

a- The descriptive adjective is placed between the two ye. b- The negative form is constructed as follow:

t ... ye e.g: John t karamg ye. Los Angeles t jamana ye. John isnt a teacher. L.A. isnt a country.

15

b)- The transitive verbs: e.g: I b mun kalan? N b Bamanankan kalan. What do you study? I study Bambara.

NB: b/t is the auxiliary element for the present in Bambara. In Bambara, the direct object occurs before the verb. e.g.: ka __ kalan ka __ dun ka __ sbn ka __ tobi ka __ f ka __ wele ka __ fo

Affirmative form: Subj + b + Direct Object + V N b Bamanankan kalan.

I study Bambara

Negative form: Subj + t + Direct Object + V N t Bamanankan mn ksb.

I dont speak Bambara very well.

Interrogative form: Subj + b + Direct Object + V (wa)? I b Tubabukan mn wa?

Do you (hear)/undertand/speak French?

Subj + t + Direct Object + V (wa)? Aw t bamanankan f?

You dont speak Bambara?

c)- The reflexive verbs:

NB: Reflexive verbs or pronominal verbs always have an object pronoun that refers to the same person as the subject. The object pronoun occurs before the verb.

e.g:

N b n ko.

I wash myself

But in Bambara, the third person object noun can be i in reflexive constructions.

e.g:

A b a sigi = A bi sigi. Karamg ti sigi kalanso kn.

He sits down. The teacher doesnt sit down in the classroom.

ki yaala ki naj

e.g.:

ki ko

ki da

ki sigi

ki lafi

Affirmative form: Suj + b + Pron + V N b n ko sgma ni suf. Interrogative form: Suj + b + Pron + V (wa)? I b'i ko sgma ni wula f (wa)?

Negative form: Suj + t + Pron + V N t n da joona suf.

Suj + t + Pron + V (wa)? Aw taw da joona suf?

NB: The reflexive pronoun always immediately precedes the reflexive verb in the infinitive:

N b taa n yaala. Aw b taa aw naj.

I am going to take a walk. You are going to amuse yourself. 16

d)- The intransitive verbs: e.g: I b b min? N b b Ameriki. I b taa min? N b taa sugu la. Where are you from? I come from Amerika. Where are you going? I am going to the market.

NB: In Bambara, the indirect object (object + postposition) occurs after the verb. e.g. : ka b ka taa ka segin ka kuma ka sung ka wuli ka yaala

Affirmative form: Suj + b + V + indirect Obj + postp Sali b taa sugu la. Interrogative form:

Negative form: Suj + t + V + indirect Obj +postp Sali t segin joona so.

Suj + b + V + indirect Obj + postp (wa)? Suj + t + V + indirect Obj +postp (wa)? Amadu b kuma kalandenw f wa? e)- The verb k The verb k has many meanings: to do, cause, happen, occur. Here, it was used as a transitive verb, meaning do. e.g: ka kalan k (ka kalank) ka baara k (ka baarak) to do studying (to study) to do work (to work) I ba t taa sugu la don go don?

NB: In the above two examples kalan is a noun meaning studying and baara is a noun meaning work. Both are direct objects of the verb k.

Affirmative form: Suj + b + Vk + Obj + postp N b baarak kridelap la Interrogative form: Suj + b + Vk + Obj + postp (wa)? A b barok a somgw f su o su wa? f)- The verb ko e.g: I ko mun? N ko, n b taa so.

Negative form: Suj + t + Vk + Obj +postp U t snk don go don.

Suj + t + Vk + Obj +postp (wa)? I t sbnnik kalanso kn?

What do you say? I say, I am going home.

17

The verb ko that appaeared once in these sentences means to say. It is a defective verb (one wich does not have all tenses) very frequently used in Bambara. It does not take any auxiliary elements in Present tense. g)- The postposition la La is a preposition used for a place. It comes always after the place in the sentence. Therefore, it is called a postposition. e.g: S + b + Verb + Place + la N b taa lakli la. A b kalank University la. La become na in front of nasal sounds. e.g: e.g: An b taa gn na. La is not used in front of so (specific place) N b taa so. La is not used with geographical names (except for Mali). e.g: An b b Ameriki. U t taa Bamako. A b b New-York. U b na Mali la.

But:

18

IVIV 1- Write the possible answers: I ni sgma I ka kn? I b di? Hr b? Somgw b di? I fa n'i ba b di? Hr sira?

EXERCISES

________________ ___________ /__________ /___________ __________ /__________ /____________ ________________ /_________________ ________________ /_________________ ________________ /_________________

________________

2- Create a conversation between Amadu and Bakari.

Amadu: _________ Bakari: __________ Amadu: _________ Bakari: __________ Amadu: _________ Bakari: __________ Amadu: _________ Bakari: __________

19

3- Match the words in A with those in B. A 1- n b taa 2- lakli 3- k'an b'u fo 4- amiina 5- u n'a mn 6- ka tile hr caya 7- k'an sni 8- k'an bn abcdefghB amen see you they will hear it I leave have a nice day school see you soon tell them hello

TDA

1 2

Greet at least two (2) to three (3) persons on your way: Obseve the acts and gestures; Get informed on their identity and where they are from; Use at least three (3) expressions to take a leave in this real situation; Note down the new expressions. With a family members help: Identify at least 5 objects of your choice in the court yard; Identify at least 5 objects in your room; Identify at least 5 objects in the kitchen. I can:

SELF EVALUATION

Greet in an appropriate way according to the moment and situation: YES: ___ NOT YET ___ Introduce myself: YES___ NOT YET ___ Introduce someone: YES ___ NOT YET ___ Say goodbye in a real situation: YES ___ NOT YET___

20

Communicative Task: FNW TG ININKALI

ASKING THE WORD FOR SOMETHING Objectives:
1. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to ask, at least, three (3) types of questions to find out the name and the use of five (5) different objects in a real situation. 2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to identify, at least, five (5) different objects in his/her sector. 3. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to tell the use of, at least, five (5) different objects in his/her community. 4. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to use three (3) expressions of possession.

Cultural Notes:
1. Always greet people before asking them. 2. It is not advised to name intimate body parts.

21

I-

VOCABULARY
duloki shirt tabulo chalkboard segi basket kerosene taji (pitrli) ssi (sigilan) chair trsi flash light dbn mat kaye copy book birifini blanket li bed kiriyon pencil pili battery safin soap sukaro sugar finfin (saribon) charcoal fini cloth salidaga kettle lanpan kerosene lamp ka x furan to sweep x ka x ko to wash ka x mn/ka x tugu to light ka x k y kn/la to put x(liquid) in y ka x siri to tie x/to fasten x ki fifa to fan one self ka x tig to cut x ka x (da) tugu to close x / to shut x ka x jaabi to answer x ka x laj to look at x/to watch x

kalanso classroom kulisi shorts saki (br) bag lakr chalk so house palan (shiyo) bucket biki pen furalan broom dilan (dalan) bed gafe (liburu/kitabu)book dara bed sheet sange (sanke) mosquito net ksu trunk te (dute) tea butiki shop alimti matches samara shoes fifalan fan ka furannik to sweep ka x fifa to fan x ka x don to wear x ka x ta to take x ka x don y kn/la to put x(solid) in y ka x sbn to write x ka x faga to put off (light) ka x (da) yl to open x ka x ininka to ask x to explain x ka x f ki biri ni x ye to cover oneself with x

22

COMMON EXPRESSIONS

a tg? nin tg? nin b f cogodi bamanankan na? nin kr? nin b wele cogodi? n ma faamu a f tuguni segin a kan i ko di?/i ko mun?/i ye mun f? n ma mn i ya mn wa? i ya faamu? x don x t nin laj mun don? jn don? nin ye mun ye? nin ye jn ye? nin ye x ye nin t x ye fn jumn? a f dni dni a f ka prn ininkali b n f SectorNotes:

what is its name? what is the name of this? how do you say this in bambara? what is the meaning of this? how do you call this? I didnt undersdand it say it again. repeat it ( again ) what did you say? I didnt hear it did you hear it? did you understand it? it is x it is not x look at this/watch this what is it? who is it? what is that? who is this? this is x / that is x this is not x what (thing)? say it slowly say it loudly I have a question

Knowing the names of your sector tools and items makes your work easier.

23

IIII -

GRAMMAR
The possessive case:

The possessive adjective: The only Bambara word ka translates the possessive adjectives my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their in English. e.g: iS + N ka + obj. ka saki so kalanso Subj s obj. my bag. Johns house Their classroom

John ka U iika

S + ka + obj. + don Its Subj.s obj. N ka duloki don A ka sigilan don iiiNin ye + S + ka + Obj. ye This is Subj.s Obj Nin ye jn ka saki ye? Nin ye n ka saki ye.
N.B.:

Its my shirt. Its his chair.

Whose bag is this? This is my bag.

Ka never varies. It is the possessed object which takes the plural form.

e.g:
N.B.:

A ka sigilanw An ka sakiw

His chairs. Our bags.

We dont use Ka with the family or intimate relations and the parts of the body.

e.g:

N fa don Nin ye n ba ye. A teric don. I da

Its my father. This / that is my mother. Its his/her friend. Your mouth.

24

The possessive pronoun ta The word ta replaces the object possessed. It translates the English words: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs according to the subject. iSubj. + ta + don Subj. + ta + t e.g: N ka saki don. N ta don Aw ta t. iiNin + ye + Subj.+ta + ye Nin + t + Subj.+ta + ye e.g: Nin ye n ka samara ye. Nin ye n ta ye Nin t John ka samara ye. Nin t John ta ye.
N.B.:

It is Subj.s It is not Subj.s It is my bag. It is mine. Its not yours. This is Subj.s This is not Subj.s This is my shoe. This is mine. This is not Johns shoe. This is not Johns.

ta always replaces an object possessed which we mentioned before. When objects possessed are many, ta becomes taw ( plural form. ).

e.g:

John ka bikiw don. A taw don. The emphatic personal pronouns Simple pronouns n i a an aw u Emphatics ne I me e you ale he, him; she,her; it anw we us aw you olu they them

25

The emphatic de It is used when we want to insist on the situation. It always goes with the emphatic pronouns. e.g: Jn ka biki don? Ne de ka biki don. Ne de ta don.
N.B.:

Whose pen is it? It is my pen. It is mine.

The emphatic pronouns can be subjects too whenever we put an emphasis on a factor or situation.

e.g:

Ne de b b Ameriki. Ale de b taa Bamako.

Its me who comes from USA. Its him who goes to Bamako. Using the structure:

Subj. + b + Obj. + V + ni + x + ye e.g: N b so furan ni furalan ye. A b ji ta ni shiyo ye.

N.B.:

Subj. + V + with the Obj. I sweep the house with the broom. He/she takes water with the bucket.

This structure can be used only with the objects we can take easily with our hands work with.

The above structure is used to answer to the question below Subj. + b + mun + k + ni + x + ye? e.g: I b mun k ni alimti ye? N b lanpan mn ni alimti ye. What does Subj. do with x? What do you do with the matches? I light the kerosene lamp with the matches.

But when the object is not taken to work with the question is: Subj. + b + mun + k + Obj. + la/na? e.g: I b mun k taji la? N b taji k lanpan kn. Safety and Security Notes:
When in trouble, knowing the names of things may be helpful.

What do you do with the kerosene? I put the kerosene in the kerosene lamp.

26

IIIIII 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

EXERCISES
Translate the following sentences in Bambara: No it is not his. It is ours. No they are mines. It is mine. Its me who comes from USA. Its him who goes to Bamako. _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________

Ask your brother or sister the name of things you want to know. With a family members help: Identify at least five (5) objects of your choice in the court yard; Identify at least five (5) objects in your room; Identify at least five (5) objects in the kitchen. I can:

TDA

SELF EVALUATION

Formulate questions to find out the name and the use of different objects in a real situation.: YES __ NOT YET __ Give the name of certain current objects: YES __ NOT YET __

27

Communicative Task: DENBAYA/SOMGW

TALKING ABOUT THE FAMILY Objectives:
1. Without help, each trainee will be able to cite six (6) family relationships in his/her host family. 2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to tell exactly the profession of three (3) family members and where they live. 3. Without help, each trainee will be able to tell the social status and the age of, at least, three (3) family members in the target language.

Amadu ka denbaya fil. A muso tg Assa A denw tg Fanta, Madu, Awa ani Seku.

28

Cultural Notes:
1. In Mali, when we talk about family, we refer to the extended one. 2. Cousins are considered as siblings and there is a joking relationship between them as well as between sisters-in-law and brothers-in-law, or grand parents and grand children. 3. Parents can beat their children, just to discipline them; also some husbands beat their wives.

Ibangebaa/mansa ba muso denc/denk balima balimamuso krc/krk dg dgmuso mmuso bnk

VOCABULARY
FAMILY MEMBERS

parent mother woman/wife son sibling sister older brother younger younger sister grandmother uncle

fa c den denmuso balimak kr krmuso dgc/dgk mk mden tnmuso

father man/husband child daughter brother elder older sister younger brother grandfather grandchild aunt

SOME EXPRESSIONS

x sigilen don + place/x sigilen b + place n t n bangebaaw bara x balolen don x balolen t x sara/x bana x furulen don x furulen t x furu salen don x ye cganan ye x ye musoganan ye x krlen don x san ye + number ye/x ye san + number Safety and Security Notes:

x is settled + place I dont live at my parents x is alive x isnt alive x is dead x is married x isnt married x is divorced x is a bachelor/single x is single x is old x is number year old

1. The concept of privacy is restricted in Malian families. 2. Belongings are considered as common. (Beware: take care of your stuff)

29

IIII -

GRAMMAR
Possessive F

i- Possessive have in English is commonly expressed in Bambara by what we call a locative construction. These constructions do not contain verbs. They consist of a noun (or noun phrase) followed by the auxiliary b or t, f followed by a postpositional phrase (a noun or noun phrase followed by a postposition). A postposition is much like a preposition with the exception that it follows its object rather than preceding it. Locative construction: Noun + Aux. + Noun + Post. ii- The most common postposition for expressing possession is F, which translates very roughly into English as "with". But here it means have. e.g.: a)Affirmative form: Subject have the Object I have a pen.

Object + b + Subject + f Biki b n f. b)- Negative form: Object + t +Subject + f Den t n f. c)Interrogative form:

Subject have not the Object I have not a child.

Object + b +Subject + f (wa) ? Den b i f? Do you have a child?

30

IIIIII -

EXERCISES
Answer the following questions in full sentences. 1- Balima joli bi f? ____________________________________________________________ 2- Den joli bi bangebaw f? _____________________________________________________ 3- I balimaw b min? ___________________________________________________________ 4- I balima jumn sigilen b'i bangebaw bara? ______________________________________ 5- I bangebaw b mun baarak? _________________________________________________ 6- Jn ye kalanden ye ekliba la aw ka so? ________________________________________ 7- Jn b soknbaara k aw ka so? ______________________________________________ 8- I balimaw ye san joli ye? ____________________________________________________ 9- I ni mk ani i mmuso sigilen b dugu kelen kn wa? _________________________ Translate into Bambara. 1- My sister has a daughter. ____________________________________________________ 2- They have too many children. _______________________________________________ 3- My brother is not yet married. _______________________________________________ 3- His father is a teacher. _____________________________________________________ 5- My mother works at the hospital. ____________________________________________ 6- Their sisters live in England. ________________________________________________ 7- She has ten brothers and five sisters. _________________________________________ 8- We have good trainers. _____________________________________________________ 9- Youre my brother. _________________________________________________________ 10- My aunt is divorced. _______________________________________________________ Get the family tree of your host family by asking a member. You may have to report to the class.

TDA 1- Get informed the identity and profession of some of your host family members.
2- Draw your host family tree.

SELF EVALUATION

I can:

Describe my family: YES___ NOT YET___

31

Communicative Task: SANNI

SHOPPING Objectives:
1. Each trainee will be able to use efficiently the local money in a Malian market without his/her notes. 2. Without his/her notes or any other help, each trainee will be able to buy two (2) or three (3) items in a market or a shop.

Mun ni mun b sr nin sugu la?

Cultural Notes:
1. In Mali, prices are not fixed in the markets, so, bargaining is practiced. 2. People get informed about prices before going to the market. 3. Sellers are often aggressive in marketing their goods.

32

I-

DIALOG DIALO G

Samba: Amadu: Samba: Amadu: Samba: Amadu: Samba: Amadu: Samba: Amadu: Samba: Amadu:

Kiliyan! Kiliyan! Na yan! Bagi umanw b yan! I ni sgma! N b bagi umanw f, nka da duman! Ola, i sera a yr la. Ne ka bagiw b da ka ngn. U laj. Nin mtiri ye joli ye? N bo da diya i la! O mtiri ye km saba ni bi duuru ye. Kmi e don, barika ba la Ayiwa! A barika, caman b a la. A ka i forokiya la. I ba san joli? A to km fila la. N b mtiri wr san. A kari kari ye km saba ye. Nka, i b se ka km fila ni bi duuru sara. I ni ce! Mtiri wr ye wa fila ni drm km ye. Hn! warimisn segin. Fini ni warimisn fil. I kn ka kr! Amiina! Ka sugu diya!

33

IIII -

VOCABULARY
MONEY SYSTEM:

In malian monetary system the unity is drm kelen. It equals five francs. e.g: 5F = 25F = 100F = 500F = 2500F = 10.000F = drm kelen (drm) duuru (drm) mugan (drm) km (drm) km duuru (drm) waa fila the shop the market the buyer change/coins shopping change 10F = 50F = 250F = 1000F = 5000F = drm fila (drm) tan (drm) biduuru (drm) km fila (drm) waa kelen the shop keeper the seller money price selling bargaining

butigi sugu sannikla warimisn sanni falen

butigitigi feerekla wari sng/da feere trmli

BUTIGI KNFNW (THINGS IN THE SHOP)

safin kafe tulu te shokola buru kala (kelen) sukaro kaye bnbn nn nn jiman

soap coffee oil tea chocolate loaf of bread sugar note book candy milk concentrated milk

safin mugu alimti sigrti buru pili ltiriforoko pati brsi biki nn mugu shfan

soap powder matches cigarette bread battery envelop tooth paste tooth brosh pen milk powder eggs

SUGULAFNW ( THINGS IN THE MARKET)

yiriden lenburuba mangoro manje

fruit orange mango papaya

lenburukumun namasa jabibi

lemon banana pine apple

34

NAFNW (INGREDIENTS)

sogo jaba tigadg namasa foronto ngy

meat onion peanut butter banana pepper egg plant

OTHER THINGS

jg lenburuba tamati shu ngan layi

fish orange tomato cabbage ocra garlic

bagi tafe duloki mnturu

material pagne a shirt a watch

fini sanbara/samara kulusi

cloth shoes pants

HAKW (MEASURES)

sara litiri tilanc

pile (tiga sara/a pile of peanut ) a half of litre pake

litiri

a liter a pack

SOME EXPRESSIONS FOR BARGAINING

ayiwa ka x san ka x falen ka x segin x ye joli ye? x + b + place (la) a barika a di yan x (la)

o.k. to buy x to make change to give back x how much is x x is at place reduce or increase it give it to me at ... price

hn ka x feere ka x trm x bana d b a la a san x (la) wariko don o t'a sr x is cheap to have

take it to sell x to bargain x is finished reduce it buy it at ...price I have no money you can't have it at this price

x da/sng ka gln x is expensive

i kari kari ye joli ye? what is your last price? x da/sng ka ngn /ka di/man gln x + b + Pers + bolo/x + b Pers + f objet + b sr place (la)

object is found at place

35

Safety and Security Notes:

1. Take care of your handbags and pay attention to people who get too close to you in the market. 2. Dont put all your eggs in one basket. Avoid exposing a lot money and check your change after buying. 3. Dont accept any help except you know the person.

Personal health Notes:

Avoid buying unprotected market food and drink because of sanitation conditions.

IIIIII -

GRAMMAR
THE PAST DEFINITE

The past in bambara is grouped into categories: Regular verbs and irregular Verbs. All verbs requiring an object, all verbs ending by k and all reflexive verbs are regular. In transitive constructions the past is indicated by the auxiliary ye. In the negative, the past is formed in the same way for both transitive and intrasitive constructions: the auxiliary is ma in regular auxiliary position. Here are their structures: 1- Regular Verbs
Transitive Constructions: Ex: Ex: Ex: Don go don sgma, n b kafe min. (Present tense) Bi sgma, n ye mni min. (Past definite) Kunun, n taara sugu la.

i) Affirmative form: Subj + y + Obj + V Bi sgma, n ye safin san butigi la. This morning I bought soap in the shop. Negative form: Subj + ma + Obj + V Bi sgma, n ma safin san butigi la. This morning I didn't buy soap in the shop

Interrogative form: Subj + y + Obj + V (wa)? Bi sgma, i ba ye ji kalaya joona wa? Did your mom heat water earlier this morning? Subj + ma + Obj + V (wa)? Sur i ma dute min wa? Didnt you drink tea last night?

36

ii) Affirmative form: Subj + ye+ Vk + Obj + postp A ye baarak kridelap la Interrogative form: Subj + ye + Vk + Obj + postp (wa)? I ye barok i somgw f sur wa? iii) Affirmative form: Subj + ye + Pron + V N ye n ko bi sgma.
I washed myself this morning

Negative form: Subj + ma+ Vk + Obj +postp U ma snk foro la.

Subj + ma + Vk + Obj +postp (wa)? I ma sbnnik kalanso kn? Negative form: Subj + ma + Pron + V N ma n da joona sur.
I did not lie down early last night.

Interrogative form: Subj + ye + Pron + V (wa)? I y'i ko bi sgma (wa)? 2- Irregular Verbs
Intransitive Constructions:

Subj + ma + Pron + V (wa)? Aw maw da joona sur?

In intransitive constructions the auxiliary is the suffix ra or na or la attached to the verb. a) Suffix Ra Affirmative form: Subj + Vra + Compl + postp Kunun, n taara sugu la
Yesterday I went to the market.

ra is the basic form Negative form: Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp Aw ma taa sugu la kunun.
Yesterday I didn't go to the market.

Interrogative form: Subj + Vra + Compl + postp (wa)? Aw sungra joona sur?
Did you sleep early last night?

Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp (wa)? Aw ma sung joona sur? Didnt you sleep early last night?

b)- Suffix Na Affirmative form:

na: after nasal consonants Negative form: Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp Aw ma kuma u f. 37

Subj + Vna + Compl + postp An kununna joona

Interrogative form: Subj + Vna + Compl + postp (wa)? Aw kumana u f wa?

Did you talk to them?

Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp (wa)? Aw ma kuma u f?

Didnt you talk to them?

c)- Suffix La Affirmative form:

la: if the consonant immediately preceding is an l Negative form: Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp Aw ma boli bi sgma. You did not run this morning.

Subj + Vla + Compl + postp Kunun wula f an bolila dugu sira krf.
Yesterday afternoon we ran by the road.

Interrogative form: Subj + Vla + Compl + postp (wa)? Aw wulila joona bi sgma?
Did you wake up early this morning?

Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp (wa)? Aw ma boli bi sgma? Didnt you run this morning?

3- Time expressions Here are some time expressions going with the past definite. sur _> last night kunun _> yesterday dgkun tmnen _> last week kunasinin _> the day before yesterday kalo tmnen _> last month salon _> last year

38

IVIV

EXERCISES
Do the following matching game: 1- km 2- km saba 3- km wr ni biduuru 4- wa kelen ni km segin ni biwolonfila ni kelen 5- wa kelen ni km 6- mugan ni fila 7- tan ni naani 8- drm knntn Do the following matching game: 1- d b a la/a barika 2- i b'a san joli? 3- o t'a sr. 4- i kari kari ye joli? 5- hn. 6- safin banna. 7- duloki ye joli ye? 8- wari di yan. 9- safin b sr butigi la. 10- nn banna. 11- buru t yan. 12- tiga drm tan na di yan. 13- km falen b'i bolo wa? 14- warimisn segin. 15- mun b'i kun? a-what do you have on you? b- what's your last price? c- how much is the shirt? d- have it. e- how much do you pay for it? f- reduce the price. g- that cannot afford it. h- give the money. i- give the change back. j- can you change 500F? k- you can find soap in the shop. l- there is no bread. m- soap is finished. n- give me peanut for 50F. o- milk is finished a- 9355F b- 5500F c- 70F d- 110F e- 45F f- 3250F g- 500F h- 1500F

Change the following sentences into the past definite N b namasa san sugu la. _____________________________________ An b na kalanyr la sgma joona. ____________________________ A t sannik bi. ______________________________________________ N b wuli joona ka boli. _______________________________________ I t foyi k nak la. ___________________________________________ An b dumunik yan dimasi. __________________________________

39

 Refering to this picture complete this dialogue between Amadu and Samba.

Amadu: Amadu: Amadu: Amadu: Amadu: Amadu: Amadu: Amadu:

___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________

Samba: Samba: Samba: Samba: Samba: Samba: Samba:

Nba i ni sgma fini mtiri ye wa kelen ye I b'a san joli? O t'a sr Km segin Wari di K'an b'u fo

40

TDA 1-

In the host village, identify at least five (5) products of your choice from the places

below: At the market; In a shop; From a street seller.

NB: Use the board below: Shop items Fruits/jiridenw Market items Sauce ingredients/nafnw Others/fn wrw

2- Buy two (2) or three (3) items of your choice in a shop or in the market. Observe the sellers attitudes before and during buying; Bargain the prices of items (what were the proposed prices and the ones at which you bought your articles?) I can:

SELF EVALUATION

Use efficientlythe local money: YES: __ NOT YET: __ Ask about the availibility of something: YES: __ NOT YET: __ Buy in a market or a shop: YES: __ NOT YET: __

41

Communicative Task: YRW TAMASERECOGO

ASKING/GIVING DIRECTIONS Objectives:
1. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to locate, at least, two (2) places. 2. Without any help, each trainee will be able to use, at least, three (3) expressions to ask and give directions.

Cultural Notes:
1. Greet people before asking them for directions. 2. In small villages, people prefer leading you to the place rather than giving you directions. 3. People refer to common well-known places to indicate directions instead of referring to the cardinal points.

IUmaru: Amadu: Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: A ni sgma! Nba, a ni sgma! D di!

DIALOG

Baasi t! A b hak to! N b dugutigi ka so de inin. Dutigi ka so b an krf, An b se ka taa gn f. I ni ce! A sira f n ye, n yr kelen b se ka taa. Ayiwa! I tilen nin sira kelen in f. I b kare saba tmn,o k, fara i numan f. Da naaninan don i kini f. Mangorosunba b soda la. I ni baraji! Kan bn! Kan b! Ka se ni i uman ye! Amiina! 42

IIII -

VOCABULARY

There are some places people refer to locate a given point ( common or public places or buildings,wellknown people... ) dgtrso yirisunba siraba worodugu krn fan yan hospital the big tree the main road south east side of x here pn dugutigi ka so pnpe kkdugu tilebin x fan f yen bridge the chief of the villages house pump north west. at x side there.

The following expressions are used to lead someone to a certain point. i tilen ka taa.(fo...) Go straight.(until...) fara i kini f. Turn right. tmn so la. Pass over the house fara i numan f sira tig. se so ma. Turn left. Cross the road Reach the house.

These other expressions are very polite used by someone who wants a help to find his/her way. ma! Please, help me! haketo! Excuse me! x yr ka jan wa? Is x far? a ka ja dni Its fairly far i bi tilen nin sira f You go straight on this road.
n

i b se ka n ma? x b fan jumn f? a ma jan (wa)? x sira b min? i ni baraji

Can you help me? Where is x ? Isnt it far? Where is the way to x ? Thanks.

Here are some useful prepositions for giving or receiving directions. x f x kn duguma x krf x kuna x sanf in front of x in x on the ground next to x above x above x x kf x kan x Kr x ni y c x cmanc la behind x on x under x between x and y. at the center of x

The are other common words you meet in the context of giving or receiving directions. ka x inin to look for x ka fili to make an error x tununnen don x is lost ki munumunu x kf to go around x ka x jira pers. la/na to show x to pers. ka tunun to be lost x ka jan y la/na x is far from y

43

The Ordinal numbers are built on the cardinal numbers by adding nan, except for fl (first) and laban (last).Here are some examples: Cardinal numbers kelen fila saba naani x laban Safety and Security Notes:
1. In big cities, people hesitate to indicate somebodys house. (Because of security issues) 2. Always double-check when you are given a direction. 3. He who asks doesnt get lost.

Ordinal numbers fl filanan sabanan naaninan laban first second third fourth last.

IIIIII -

GRAMMAR
The Imperative

a)- The Imperative in Bambara is used for making polite requests, suggestions or commands. Affirmative form: (obj) + Verb e.g: - Ji min! (Drink water!) - I ko! (Wash!) - Taa! (Go!) Negative form: kana + (obj) + Verb kana ji min! kani ko! kana taa!

b)- This is formed by using the auxiliary ka in the affirmative and kana in the negative. Affirmative form: Suj + ka + (obj) + Verb e.g: An ka ji min! (Lets drink water!) An kan ko! (Lets wash!) An ka taa! (Lets go!) Negative form: Suj + kana +(obj) + Verb Aw kana klnnaji min! I kani ko kji la! An kana taa!

44

c)- The second person plural imperative (you all) is frequently formed by using the pronoun a and the auxiliary ye. Affirmative form: Suj + ye + (obj) + Verb e.g: A(w) ye ji min! A(w) yaw ko! A(w) ye taa! Negative form: Suj + kana +(obj) + Verb Aw kana klnnaji min! Aw kanaw ko kji la! Aw kana taa!

IVIV

EXERCISES
Translate the following sentences into Bambara 1- Come here. _____________________________________ 2- Turn left. ______________________________________ 3- Go straight. _____________________________________ 4- Cross the third road. _______________________________ 5- Come and eat. ___________________________________ 6- Dont speak English. _______________________________ 7- Speak Bambara. __________________________________ 8- Dont laugh. ____________________________________ Translate the following sentences into Bambara 1- We are in the classroom.__________________________ 2- The blackboard is in front of us.______________________ 3- My book is on the wall.____________________________ 4- The mosque is in the center of village __________________ 5- My house is near the shop.__________________________ 6- The book is under the table._________________________ 7- Segu is between Bamako and Mopti. _______________ 8- Sometimes we study outside._________________________ 9- The bag is on the floor._____________________________

45

Translate these sentences into bambara. 1- Excuse me. Can you show me the way to Bamako. _______________________________________________ 2- Good morning brother. I am lost. Do you know where the hospital is? _______________________________________________ 3- It is not far from here _______________________________________________ 4- Go straight. Cross the fifth road and turn right _______________________________________________ 5- Yes, I know him. Do you see the big house other there? It is behind that one. _______________________________________________ 6- Is Segou far from Bamako? ________________________________________________ 7- Turn around over this red car then turn left and go straight. The mosque is in front of you. _____________________________________________

Use the command or the imperative form of these sentences below. Please follow the modeles. Modeles: I b taa sugu la. An b mangoro dun. Aw t biyri min. taa sugu la. An ka mangoro dun. A kana biyri min. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________

1- Aw b ltr ci aw teriw ma. 2- Aw t'aw ko baji la. 3- I b barok i somgw f. 5- I t kuma Angilkan na. 6- Aw taw sigi duguma 7- I b'i ko don o don 8- I t mgw neni dugu kn. 9- I b taa dute min i teriw bara 10- Aw b na kalanso la joona

4- Aw b kuma bamanankan na tuma b ____________________

46

TDA 1- Make a map of your town and show:

Your family; Every trainees family in this town; Public places.

2- Ask directions to two (2) or three (3) persons to find out the house of the chief of the village. With the chief, get informed about the geographic location of the neighbouring villages. 3- Or, ask for directions to find out the house of a village chiefs consellor. Get informed from him about different public interest places and their location in the village. 4- From the school master/a pupil, get informed about the geographic location of the bordering countries with Mali. 5- With a younger sister/brothers help: Identify at least 10 body parts.

SELF EVALUATION

I can:
YES __. NOT YET __

Indicate a place to someone by using appropriate expressions: Thank someone after he gives me indications: YES__. NOT YET __.

47

Communicative Task: MG NI FNW TAMASERE COGO

DESCRIBING A PERSON, AN OBJECT AND A PLACE Objectives:
1. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to name, at least, ten (10) parts of human body. 2. Without assistance, each trainee will be able to describe a person by pointing out, at least, five (5) physical and five (5) moral traits. 3. Each trainee will be able to describe, in five (5) correct sentences, his/her training site without notes. 4. Each trainee will be able to describe an object by giving two (2) or three (3) characteristics without his/her notes.

I-

TEXT

Nin muso in man jan, a man surun. A kisw ka kunba, a inw jlen don. A ckai. A nison ka di tuma b. Mg sb don.

48

Cultural Notes:
1. In public, talking about/touching intimate body parts is culturally inappropriate in Mali. 2. In general, we dont talk about a womans pregnancy in front of her. 3. Talking about someones physical and mental infirmities is embarrassing for him/her. 4. Being fat is a sign of wealth and good health; but being skinny is a sign of problems.

IIII -

VOCABULARY
PARTS OF THE BODY: FARIKOLO:

nun disi kan

nose chest neck

kn senkala kamankun

stomach/belly leg shoulder

da kunbere bolo(kala)

mouth knee arm 49

woro tg sentg

thigh hand foot

senkuru tulo

eye ankle ear

bolokni kunkolo nnkn

finger head elbow

QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERS ( PHYSICAL )

The following adjectives are used to describe physical traits. x ka jan x ka dgn x ka kr x ka girin x ckajugu x is tall x is small x is old x is heavy x is ugly x ka surun x ka kunba x ka fin x ckai x is short. x ka bon x is big/fat x is strong x ka misen x is thin. x is black x ka j x is light (complexion) x is beautiful (handsome)

QUALIFIERS ( MORAL)

These adjectives are used to portray moral state. x ka jugu x is bad/mean x ka i x is good. x ka farin x is courageous x ka kis x is devoted/hard working x ka kegun x is clever x nison ka di x is happy/glad x nison man di x is sad x hakili ka di x is intelligent x hakili ka go/( man di) x is stupid (not intelligent)
QUALIFIERS ( TASTE ). ).

x ka di x ka kunan x ka kumun x ka timi x ka farin x ka go

x is good x is bitter x is sour x is sweet x is hot x is bad

__ e.g.: Namasa ka di/Namasa duman don __ e.g.: Woro ka kunan/Woro kunanman don __ e.g.: Lenmuru ka kumun/Jiriden kumun don __ e.g.: Jabibi ka timi/Jiriden timiman don __ e.g.:Foronto ka farin/Foronto farinman don __ e.g: Nin jiriden ka go/Jiriden goman don
SOME EXPRESSIONS: EXPRESSIONS:

x b cogodi? x b cogodi ? x frlen don. x korilen don. x ka magan. x ka glen. x ka gonin x ka kalan x ka di n ye

How is x? ( What is x like? ) What color is x? x is spacious/roomy/comfortable x is round. x is smooth. x is hard/tough x is hot x is hot x is good to me ( x likes )

50

COLORS

Please note the different forms of expressing colors in Bambara. Jman --- nin ye jman ye ---- nin jlen don ----- a ka j white Finman --- nin ye finman ye ---- nin finnen don --- a ka fin black Bilenman --- nin ye bilenman ye ----- nin bilennen don

Bulaman ------ nin ye bulaman ye -------- x bulaman don

Binknman/ugujiman -- nin ye ugujiman ye -- ugujima don

Nrmuguman ---- nin ye nrmuguman ye ---- nrmuguman don

Lankiriman ----- nin t bilenman ye ------ lankiriman don

Worojima

Siklma

baga

NB: In Mali for most people, mainly with old, rural or illiterate people there are only two concepts of colors: WHITE ( for bright ) and BLACK ( for dark ).

Safety and Security Notes:

Touching or naming intimates parts in front of opposite sex can expose to harassment.

51

IIIIII 1.

GRAMMAR
ka auxiliary

The ka auxiliary is used to express the english is/are in the affirmative. The man is the negative form of ka and it expresses is/are not. Affirmative form: Subject + ka + adj e.g: Mike Tyson ka surun. Mike Tyson is short. Chart of exception Chart of exception As the title indicates, these are exception to the formation of adjectives in Bambara S Bob a i a n a --V Ka Ka Ka Ka Ka Ka Ka Adj bon dgn jan i kunba di --S Bob a i a n a --V ye ye ye ye ye ye ye N den c ----------Adj. (man) belebele(ba) fitini jamanjan uman kunbaba duman -------ye ye ye ye ye ye ye S mg c ----------Adj. (man) belebele fitini jamanjan uman kunbaba duman -------V don don don don don don don Negative form: Subject + man + adj Magic Johnson man surun. Magic Johnson is not short.

When you used a substantive ( noun ) to express is, the following is used: Affirmative form: Subject + ye + noun + adj(man) + ye e.g:
NB:

Negative form: Subject + t + noun + adj(man) + ye Mike Tyson t mg jman ye.

Mike Tyson is not a white person.

Mike Tyson ye c suruman ye.

Mike Tyson is a short man.

The ye... ye is negated in t... ye. 2. The don is used to express is/are ( or it is, they are ) as in the following examples:

e.g:

Mobili bilenman don ________ It is a red car. Amerikn finman don ______ He/She is a black american.

NB:

The negative of don is t Mobili jman t ____________ It is not a white car. Muso juguman t ___________ She is not a mean woman.

e.g:

52

3.

Passive voice len/nen In this Communicative Task you have been briefly introduced to the Bambara

Passive voice. In the following sentence occurred: Karamg jlen don kalanso kn.J is the root of the verb stand. jlen is a Passive voice. Passive voice are not used to describe actions, but to describe the state achieved upon completion of the action. The Passive voice is formed for all verbs without exception with the verb root plus the suffix len (which becomes nen in nasal environments.) e.g: ka j ___ jlen Affirmative form: Subject + Verb + len/nen + don Karamg jlen don kalanso kn. Interrogative Form: Subject + Verb + len/nen + don (wa)? Kalandenw jlen don kalanso kn wa? Subject + Verb + len/nen + t (wa)? Kalandenw sgnnen t? ka sgn ___ sgnnen Negative form: Subject + Verb + len/nen + t Kalandenw sgnnen t.

53

IVIV -

EXERCISES
Identify each part of the body according to the following indications:.

1__ bolokala 5__ tulo 9__ senkniw 15__ kn 17__ sentgw

4__ nnkn 6__ nun 10__ woro 13__ senkuru 19__ ten

2__ senkala 7__ kunbere 11__ da 14__ bolonkni 18__ tgk

3__ bolokan 8__ kamankun 12__ 16_ k 20__ kan

54


EX.:

Do as in these examples ( using the modified adjectives).

Nin dute ka gonin. ___ Dute gonin(man) don 1-Nin muso ka i ________________________________ 2-Nin c ka surun ________________________________ 3-Nin jiri ka jan. ________________________________ 4-Nin ji ka suman ________________________________ 5-Nin namasa ka di _______________________________ 6-Nin jiriden ka kumun ____________________________ 7-Nin sgn ka ca _________________________________ 8-Nin so ka bon _________________________________ 9-Nin mobili ka dogon _______________________________ 10-Nin c ka kunba ________________________________ Do as in these examples ( using the passive voice).

EX:

A fa ka kr ___________A fa krlen don. Bob kunsigi man fin _____A kunsigi finnen t. 1.I ka mobili ye bilenman ye wa? ______________________________ 2.A c man kr. _________________________________________ 3.Madu fari ka fin.___________________________________________ 4.Umaru kunsigi man j. _____________________________________ 5.Nin lenmuru ka kumun wa? ________________________________ 6.Nin so man fr. ___________________________________________ 7.N nison ka di bi.__________________________________________ Translate these sentences into bambara. 1-She's a tall, dark woman. _____________ 2-She and her husband are really good people. ______________ 3- They have a blue car. ______________________________ 4-They are always happy. _____________________________

55

Describe your charming prince/the lady you dream of. Describe a person of your choice. Then, draw him/her respecting your description. Make the portrait of the following persons: - The chief of the village or the iman, or the womens or youths leader; - One or more trainers of the pre-service training.

Describe the tastes of two foods and two drinks. One of each that you like and one of each that you don't like. Present your description. Visit 2 or3 different places in Bamako. For each place, record whether it's a big or small one, whether there are lots of people there or not. In short, describe each one of the places visited. Present the results to the class and ask questions on the subject.

TDA

With the help of a family member: Identify at least two (2) or three (3) child frequent sicknesses in this season. I can:

SELF EVALUATION

Name some parts of the body: YES___ NOT YET ___ Describe a person, using both physical and moral aspect: YES__ NOT YET _ Name the main characteristics of an object or a thing: YES__ NOT YET __ Describe a place: YES___ NOT YET ___

56

Communicative Task: FARIKOLO LAHALAW

DESCRIBING ONES MENTAL AND PHYSICAL STATE Objectives:
1. Each trainee will be able to cite, at least, five (5) common sicknesses in Mali without his/her notes. 2. Each trainee will be able to ask, at least, one accurate question to get information about someones physical state without help. 3. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to formulate two (2) or three (3) blessings to a sick person.

__Ablo ni Musa b min? __Ablo ye jn ye? __Mun b Musa la? Cultural Notes:
1. We care about sick people and say them blessings. Its very important to pay visit to a sick person like a friend, a relative, a colleague or a neighbour. 2. Usually we dont talk openly about sexual diseases and we talk about pregnancy only with women we joke with. 3. Gaining weight is a sign of wealth and health while loosing weight is a sign of problems. 4. We generally use natural/traditional medicine before going to the health centre.

57

I1-

DIALOG
Fanta: I ni sgma, Bakari. I nisn man di, mun b'i la? Bakari: N fari man di n na. Fanta: I yr jumn b'i dimi? Bakari: N in de b n dimi kojugu bi. Fanta: I ye fura ta wa? Bakari: Ayi, n bna taa dgtrso la. Fanta: Ala ka ngyak, k'a ban pewu! Bakari: Amiina. Ala ka dugaw min. Fanta: Amiina. 2Fanta: I ni sgma, Bakari. Munna an mi ye sur? Bakari: N tun man kn. Fanta: Ee! Mun tun bi la? Bakari: N kungolo ye n dimi kojugu kunun wulada. Suf, n ma se ka sung, n fari b tun ka kalan. Fanta: O b sr sumaya ye d? Bakari: N hakili la, a b sr o ye. N bna taa dgtrso la. Fanta: I ka kan ki yr tanga sosow ma. Bakari: Ti! N bna sange sulen damad inin n ka denbaya ye. Ola, sumaya ni bana misnw tna an tr. Fanta: Ala ka ngyak, ka tr dgya! Bakari: Amiina. Ala ka dugaw min. Fanta: Amiina.

58

IIII -

VOCABULARY
backache sore-eye

bana Sickness/disease banabagat (banabaat) a sick person knya (Good)health bolodimi sore-arm kdimi kndimi stomachache kandimi stiffneck dimi indimi toothache sendimi sorefoot kungolodimi b x la/na x has a headache
NB: In these expressions it says: sickness is at the person

dimi translates - ache kungolo b a dimi x head is aching him/her N in b n dimi my tooth is aching me
NB: This means person's part of body is hurting : him/her

MOST COMMON DISEASES:

knboli diarrhea murafarigan flu

tktkni

dysentery

sumaya

malaria

Sgsg b Paul la Paul has a cough

Mura b Tom la Tom has a cold

Kungolodimi b John la John has a headache

Kndimi b Lucie la Lucie has stomachache

Farigan b Sarah la Sarah has a fever

59

n man kn i yr jumn b'i dimi? i fan jumn b'i dimi? mun bi la ? kng b x la/na salaya n sgnnen don n trlen don n degunnen don n dusukasilen don n nisn ka di n nisn diyalen t fosi/Foyi t x la

I am sick Which part of your body is hurting you? Which part of your body is hurting you? What is the matter with you? x is hungry lazy I am tired I am pained I am suffering I am sad I am happy I am not happy x has nothing
SOME EXPRESSIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES:

kng

hungry

ming

thirsty

funteni

hot
DUGAW

nn cold
BLESSINGS

Ala ka ngyak Ala k'a tr dgya ... Ala ka sini fisaya ni bi ye Ala k'i segin i yr ma Ala k'a k jurumu kafari ye Ala ka dugaw jabi

May God grant relief. May the pain lessen. May tomorow be better than today May you come back to yourself May it be a sin expiator. May God answer the blessings 60

SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY:

banakis banaba banakunbn knyaji knyaba(ga)t dusukundimi kumabin sumu sumuni joli n kankndimi/mimi kaba fa jawuli hakiliwuli x ksalen (don) x walakalen (don) mun ye x sr? mun binna/cunna x kan? mun grgr ye x sr? k'i mun k'i digidigi k'i wusu k'i furak ka sogolik ka bituru (muso) jiginninso dktr dktrso ka fura ta ka furakis kunun ka furaji min k'i boloci ka pikirik

microbe leprosy prevention oral rehydration water a healthy person palpitation migraine dental decay boil a wound pus sorethroat ringworm madness scatteredbrain mental fatigue x is energyless x open, extravert what happened to x what struck x? what unexpected thing (mishap) happened to x to apply an ointment to get a massage to transpire through smoke or vapour to cure oneself to get an injection to give an injection maternity doctor hospital to take pills to take a pill to drink (a drinkable) to get vaccinated to get an injection

61

IIIIII

GRAMMAR
Here are some ways to say that someone is (not) sick.

Affirmative form: Part of body + dimi + b + Pers. +la/na Kungolo dimi b John la. Interrogative Form:

Negative form: Part of body + dimi + t + Pers. + la/na Kdimi t Sarah la.

Part of body + dimi + b + Pers. +la (wa)? Part of body + dimi + t + Pers. +la (wa)? Kungolo dimi bi la wa?
THE IMPERFECT TENSE:

Mura t Tom la? Tun b

NB: tun b/tun t is the auxiliary element for the Imperfect tense in Bambara.

Affirmative form: Suj + tun b + obj + Verb Soso tun b Bakari cin su o su. Kalandenw tun b kalank don go don. Interrogative Form: Suj + tun b + obj + Verb (wa)? Soso tun b Bakari cin su o su? Kalandenw tun b yaala Ameriki ksb wa?

Negative form: Suj + tun t + obj + Verb Bakari tun t sange sulen siri. U tun t baarak sanu ka na Mali la.

Suj + tun t + obj + Verb (wa)? Bakari tun t sange sulen siri wa? U tun t sung joona suf?

NB: tun ka/tun man is the auxiliary element for the Imperfect tense with adjectives in Bambara.

Affirmative form: Suj + tun ka + Adj A tun ka di It was good/pleasant.

Negative form: Suj + tun man + Adj A tun man di.

62

Here are some ways to say that someone was sick.

Affirmative form: Part of body + dimi + tun b + Pers. +la/na Kungolo dimi tun b John la.

Negative form: Part of body + dimi + tun t + Pers. +la/na Kdimi tun t Sarah la. Interrogative Form:

Part of body + dimi + tun b + Pers. +la (wa)? Part of body + dimi + tun t + Pers. +la? Kungolo dimi tun bi la wa?
THE FUTURE TENSE:

Mura tun t Tom la? bna (b)

NB: bna (b)/tna(t) is the auxiliary element for the Future tense in Bambara.

Affirmative form: Suj + bna + obj + Verb Soso bna Bakari cin su o su. Suj + bna + Verb + Obj Kalandenw bna kalank don go don. Interrogative Form: Suj + bna + obj + Verb (wa)? Soso bna Bakari cin su o su? Sumaya bna Bakari min? Suj + bna + Verb (wa)? Kalandenw bna barok dugumgw f wa?

Negative form: Suj + tna + obj + Verb Bakari tna sange sulen siri. Suj + tna + Verb + Obj U tna yaala drn Mali la.

Suj + tna + obj + Verb (wa)? Bakari tna sange sulen siri? Bakari tna knya sr (wa)? Suj + tna + Verb (wa)? U tna taa Ameriki sisan?

Here are some ways to say that someone will be sick.

Affirmative form: Sickness/disease + bna + Pers. +min Farigan bna Tom min barisa mura ba la. ta. Sumaya bna Bakari min. Interrogative Form: Sickness/disease + bna + Pers. + min (wa)? Farigan bna Tom min wa?

Negative form: Sickness/disease + tna + Pers. +min Sumaya tna Sarah min barisa a b fura

Sickness/disease + tna + Pers. + min? Sumaya tna Sarah min? 63

IVIV A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

EXERCISES
Translate these sentences into bambara. Are you sick? ________________? Yes, I am sick. _________________. What do you have? __________________? I have a cold. ______________. Do you need pills? ________________? No, thank you. ___________. I am tired. ____________. I am sleepy. ____________. May the pain lessen. ___________________. Amen. ____________________________. Refering to the picture make a dialog between Fanta and Ablo

Ablo:

I ni sgma, Fanta. I nisn man di, mun b den na?

Fanta: A fari man da la. Ablo: Fanta: Ablo: Fanta:

64

 Fill in the blanks by using the appropriate auxiliary. Tuma min, n _______ camanc lakli la, n _______ kegun dni. N _______ marabatiga cimin kalanso kn. N _______ (neg) taa farikolo anaj k yr la tuma b. Ne ni n teriw _______ taa kalanso kf ka sigarti min. N _______ basikti ton na, nka n _______ npogotigininw laj drn. N _______ (neg) kalank ksb nka n _______ ko di karamg ye. N _______ karamgw dm ka kalansow labn. O ksn, u hakili la n _______ kalanden uman ye. Fill in the blanks by using the appropriate auxiliary. Sur n ____ dakabana sogo k. N ____ mobili kura d boli la. N ____ ckrnin d ye sira kan n f. A _______ ka sira tig fali kan. Ckrnin ___n ye nka a tmn__ a ka sira f. N ___a inin ka mobili laj nka a frnw ____ (neg) sn. N ____ __a f ka kule nka n da ____ (neg) se ka yl. Mobili ____ __ ka girin. N ____ ___ ckrnin faga wa? Yrnin kelen, mobili jnsn__. N ___ n yr sr, n sigilen dugumakolo kan; mobili walan ___ n bolo kn. Ckrnin ___ n laj i na f foyi ___ (neg) k. A ___ n ininka, E ___ taa min tan?

65

Say how the person in each of these picture is feeling.

1. _______________________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________________ 6. _______________________________________________________________ 7. _______________________________________________________________ 8. _______________________________________________________________ 9. _______________________________________________________________ 10. _______________________________________________________________ 66

Refering to the picture do the following matching:

Treated mosquito net

Sange sulen

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Sange su ji la, a ylma si caman fa ka ji min miniti 5 kn. I tgw ni tasaba ko ku j ni safin ye. Sange fnsn sumaman yr la, ka laja. Sani ka damin, ganw don. Ji t ni ganw k ding kn, walima u fili gn kn. I ka sange sulen siri, i ka sung i lakananen. Ji litiri 1 k tasaba kn. Bulku kis k ji la, a ka yelen. Ji ni bulku agami.

67

TDA

With the help of a family member: Identify at least four (4) activities of a man and five (5) activities of a woman during day time. I can:

SELF EVALUATION

Name some diseases: YES___ NOT YET ___ Describe the state of my health. YES __ NOT YET__ Talk about my mental state. YES __ NOT YET__ Give blessings to a sick person. YES __ NOT YET__

68

Communicative Task: DELINAKOW

TALKING ABOUT DAILY ACTIVITIES Objectives:
1. Each trainee will be able to cite, at least, four (4) daily activities of a man and four of a woman according to the different periods of the day without his/her notes. 2. Each trainee will be able to cite five (5) activities of his/her own by him/herself. 3. Each trainee will able to cite, at least, five (5) daily or seasonal activities according to the gender, and the age without assistance. 4. Each trainee will be able to tell his/her daily timetable to his/her host family without help.

Nin musow b ka mun k? Aw ka dugu musow b ji b kln na don go don wa? Dugu kn cw b mun k don go don? Cultural Notes:
1. In Mali, people refer to periods of time rather than precise hours. 2. Habitual activities are related to places and seasons according to gender and age.

69

I-

TEXT

Musow ka baara dugumisnw kn.

Dugumisnw kn, musow ka baara ka ca. U b wuli kabini fajiri. U b fl ka ji b kln na. U b tasuma mn ka koliji kalaya. U b yrw furan ka sro ka daraka tobi. Daraka mana dun, u b minan ngw ko. U b susulik, u b fini ngw ko, u b denw ladon. Mali dugumisn musow sgnnen!

IIII fajiri tilegan fitiri grn ki yalayala ka snk ka te wuli ka baln tan ka nnnik k'i naj ka fl ka o k ka sr ka kabini sani (yani) ntnn araba juma kari/dimasi sgma o sgma dawn (sunrise) the heat of the day dusk (sunset) club to have a walk to farm to make tea to play football. to swim. to have fun to begin by/with after it/that then since before, since Monday Wednesday Friday Sunday every morning

VOCABULARY
around 2 PM. around 4 PM. around 8 PM. to rest to go to the field to build a house to play cards. to fish. to swim. to do something early in the morning. ka laban ka to finish by/then ka inin ka to try to ka tila ka to finish by fo till. fl/fl fl first/at first/long ago/formerly tarata Tuesday alamisa Thursday sibiri Saturday don o don/don go don every day joona early, quickly selifana la(g)ansara saafo kI lafi ka taa foro la ka so j ka marasi b ka mnnik k'i nn ka soli ka

70

IIIIII

GRAMMAR
THE HYPOTHETICAL FUTURE: with mana

NB: mana is the auxiliary that marks what is called the hypothetical future in Bambara. It is often

used like a conditional sentence with if, when or whenever in English. Mana is always found in a subordinate clause in Bambara.

e.g:

N b taa n ka dugu la, n b baara damin. N mana taa n ka dugu la, n b baara damin. Affirmative form: Subj + mana + (obj) +Verb + Subj + b(na) + (obj) + Verb Fanta mana daraka dun, a b(na) minan ngw ko. If Fanta eats breakfast, she will wash the dishes. Subj + mana +Verb + Subj + b(na) + (obj) + Verb Fanta mana wuli, a b(na) ji b kln na. If Fanta gets up, she will draw water from the well. Negative form:

NB: mana is not used in the negative form. The negative form is used with ni. THECONDITIONAL TENSE: with ni

NB: When the past occurs with ni in the firts clause, it is not referring to past action but rather to

something that will have happened in the future.

Affirmative form: Ni + Subj + (obj) +Verb (Past tense)+ Subj + b(na) + (obj) + Verb Ni Fanta ye daraka dun, a b(na) minan ngw ko.. If Fanta eats breakfast, she will wash the dishes. Negative form: Ni + Subj + ma (obj) +Verb (Past tense)+ Subj + t(na) + (obj) + Verb Ni Fanta ma minan ngw ko, a t(na) i lafi. If Fanta does not wash the dishes, she will not take a rest.

71

CONTREFACTUAL CONDITIONAL:

NB: In contrefactual conditional sentences that involve tun plus the completive in the first clause.

The second clause can be compled with the future auxiliary bna or tna preceded by tun.

Ni + Subj + tun + (obj) +Verb (Past tense)+ Subj + tun bna/tna + (obj) + Verb Ni n tun ye wari sr, n tun bna mobili san If I had gotten money, I would have bought a car. Ni n tun taara, an tun tna gn ye. If I had gone, we wouldnt have seen each other.

IVIV
1

EXERCISES
Arrange the scrambled words in the boxes to form complete sentences: n kabini fajiri wuli ka ko

n b
2

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Don o don fl
3

Fanta tobi

Daraka b

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

fa b
4

la n

soli baarayr

Ka taa

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

n ekli e.g.: 12345-

taa b

la Daraka

Sani fl

dun ka

ka n

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Do as indicated in this example:

N b taa n ka dugu la, n b baara damin. N mana taa n ka dugu la, n b(na) baara damin. sibiri b se, an ban lafi.________________________________________________ a b nak sn, a b nakfn caman dun.___________________________________ u b surafana dun, u b dute wuli._________________________________________ an b tila kalan na, an b barok an somgw f. ____________________________ dugu b j, n terik b soli ka na denkundi la. ______________________________

72

 e.g.:

Transform the following sentences into the negative form.

N b mobili sr, n b taa Bamako. Ni n ma mobili sr, n t taa bamako.

1- Baara b jigin, an b marasi b______________________________________________ 2- N b soli ka wuli, n b fini ngw ko.________________________________________ 3- Fitiri b se, u b taa misiri la._______________________________________________ 4- Stage b ban, an b nisndiya._____________________________________________ 5- An b surafana dun, an b te wuli.___________________________________________ e.g.: 1 2 3 4 5 Do as indicated in this example:

n b taa Bamako, n b tilen yen ni n taara Bamako, n b (na) tilen ye. sanji b na, an t taa yr la. ________________________________________________ fitiri b se, u b taa misiri la.________________________________________________ n b surafana dun, n b tele laj.____________________________________________ a b mankank, n t se ka sung. __________________________________________ n b mobili sr ka ta Bamako, o b diya n ye. ________________________________ Complete the following sentences according to the structure of conditional:

1- Fanta mana ji b kln na, a (ka minan ngwko)._____________________________ 2- Fanta mana minan ngw ko, a (k'i lafi dni).______________________________ 3- Fanta man'i lafi dni, a (ka taa lg ini).__________________________________ 4- Fanta ka baara mana ban, a (k'i da ka sung).________________________________ 3- Ni "stage" banna, a (ka taa an ka duguw la ).__________________________________ 4- Ni Fanta denw ye tilelafana dun, u (ka taa lg ini ).__________________________ Turn the following sentences into the negative form:

1- Ni Fanta ye tasuma mn, a b ji kalaya._______________________________________ 2- A mana wuli joona, a denw b daraka dun joona.______________________________ 3- N'a banna baara la, a b'i lafi dni._________________________________________ 4- A mana ltiri sr, a bna nisndiya kosb.____________________________________

73

 e.g.:

Combine according to the following sentences:

N b surafana dun, n b taa dnkyr la. 1- N mana surafana dun, n b taa dnkyr la. 2- Ni n ye surafana dun, n b taa dnkyr la.

1- N b safin san, n b fini ko.________________________________________________ 2- I b taa so; i b'i ko.________________________________________________________ 3- Sanji b na; an b'an laf gwa kr._________________________________________ 4- Midi b se, an b kalan dabila.______________________________________________ 5- Dugu b j, n b soli ka taa Bamako._________________________________________ e.g.: Turn the following sentences into the negative form:

Ni n wulila joona, n bna soli ka taa Bamako Ni n ma wuli joona, n tna soli ka taa Bamako.

1-Ni ye wari sr, n bna mobili kura san._____________________________________ 2-Ni "Stage" banna, an bna baara damin.____________________________________ 3-Ni n somgw nana b n ye, n b nisndiya ksb.____________________________ 4-N'aw ye baarak, aw b wari sr.___________________________________________ 5-Ni n ye bamanankan mn ksb, an bna baarok gnf._____________________

Fill in the blanks by using the appropriate auxiliary.

Fl fl, dugumisnw kn, musow ka baara ___ __ ca. U ___ __ soli ka wuli kabini fajiri. U ___ __ fl ka ji b kln na. O k, u ___ __ tasuma mn ka koliji kalaya. U ___ __ yrw furan ka sro ka daraka tobi. Daraka kf, u ___ __ tila ka minan ngw ko. U ___ __ laban ka susulik, ka fini ngw ko. U ___ __ denw ladon nin b k. Mali dugumisn musow ___ sgnnen! Write a paragraph in which you talk about your activities here:

____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

74

Describe one of your favourite activities :

____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

TDA
Talk with your landlord or landlady or any other member of your family about there habitual activities. Get informed about the means of transport and their fees in between your training site and Bamako. I can:

SELF EVALUATION

Speak about my daily activities: YES___ NOT YET__ Speak about the activities of men and women in Mali: YES___ NOT YET___

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Communicative Task: TAAMAW

TALKING ABOUT TRAVELING Objectives:
1. Each trainee, alone, will be able to cite the three (3) most used transportation means in Mali. 2. Each trainee will be able to ask three (3) appropriate questions to get informed about the means, the fare and the schedule of transportation regarding his/her trip, in a real situation. 3. Without any assistance, each trainee will be able to use three (3) appropriate expressions to wish welcome or safe trip to a traveler.

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Cultural Notes:
1. For a long distance and or period trip, people give blessings to each other and give left hands to say goodbye. (Its the only time you shake the left hand) 2. Generally when we come back from a travel, we bring gifts to family and neighbours.

I1 Taamaw

TEXT :

Mali mgw b taama ksb duniya kn. U b taa yr caman na. I bu sr Farafinna jamanaw b la. Mali denmisnw b taama farajla jamanaw fana kn. Mali kn, mgw ka taama ka suma, barisa siraw man in. Bolimafnw man ca, ani u t se ka taa yr b. Togodamgw b b dugu ni dugu u sen na, ngsow la, wotorow la, wala bagaw kan i na f: faliw, sow, misiw, gmw. Mgw b bato ta Kulikoro ni Gao c, sisikuru b b Bamako fo kayes.
2 Sirakoro taama

Ne sera Sirakoro ntnn don, uti kalo tile mugan ni segin san ba fila ni wr Mobili donna dugu kn ka bn ni fitiri ye, o ya sr san nana. An taara dugutigi ka so. A yan bisimila kouman. An sira, dugu jlen an srla ka taa dugu maabaw caman fo (Perefe dankan, Mri, Dgtr kuntigi, Muso kuntigi, Alimami, Pasitri, cmisn kuntigi, ani n ka karamg). Wula f, dugutigi ni a ka knseyew yan bisimila a ka so. An yan nali kun f u ye. A diyara u ye kosb, u ko an kan bisimila. O kf ne ni n ka karamg ye kalan damin. Aa! Sisan kni, ne ye bamanankan caman faamu. Alamisa don, uti kalo tile bisaba ni kelen, sgma dizri waati, dugu musow b ni jenbe nana ka donk n jatigiya la, ka ne fo. An ye donk kosb. Jn ko allah, Sirakoro ka di!!!
Fox Emily

Safety and Security Notes:

1. Use well-known transport companies. 2. Watch out for crooks (coaxers). 3. Try to note the number plate of the vehicle when using the public transport before going aboard.

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IIII A: B: A: B: A:

DIALOG

dgkun kelen taama

N nana n sara i la, n bna taa dgkun kelen taama na sini. Eh! Sini ? Ayiwa, ka taa ka segin ngya. A miina, ka gn ye ngya, ka hr f n k. kan bu fo! Ka segin ni uman ye. I kan sama. I delila ka se yen wa? Ayi, n ma se yen fl. Ni alah snna, n bna aw sama.

Personal health Notes:

During a trip, avoid eating uncovered and unhealthy foods.

IIIIII taama dugutaa bolifnw taamaden mobili bato so kurun fali moto ngso sisikurun gm awiyn ka taama ka taa dugula ka jigin ka taa x kunbn ka biye ta ka pase sara ka fa ka x sama ka taa x bila sira ka taa bx ye/la x fara/x falen don

VOCABULARY
BOLIMAFNW MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION:

travelling/journey/trip travelling/journey/trip means of transportation traveller vehicle boat horse dugout canoe donkey motorbike bicycle/bike train camel airplane to travel to travel. to get down. to go meet x. to take a ticket to pay the trip fees to be crowded to give a trip gift. to accompany x to pay visit to x. x is full 78

x tina x tinen don

BISIMILA

x broke down. x is broken down.

WELCOMIMG

idanse/ i ni s i (aw) bisimila saha kodi/kori i uman nana ? ka na aw uman sr i ni fama a kra fama ye n nana n sara i la
SAMAW:

welcome welcome. thanks. did you have a nice trip ? I had a nice trip It was a long time. It was a long time I came to inform you about my trip.
GIFTS

n sama b min? i sama fil i sama b k

where is my gift? here is your gift. I will bring it later.

DUWAWUW/DUGAW: BLESSINGS

ka taa ka segin ngya ka ngn ye ngya uman taa uman segin ka hr ki ka sira diya ka segin ni uman ye ka se ni uman ye ka hr f n k

May going and returning be easy May seeing each other be easy good trip, good return May peace be front of you }have a good trip. May the trip/road be good } May you return well May arrive well May peace come after me.

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IVIV

GRAMMAR
THE HABIT OF DOING SOMETHING:

ka deli ka

NB: This structure is used in the present to induicate that the subject has the habit of doing

something or is used to do something. ka deli ka is follwed by the infinitive.

THE PRESENT TENSE

Affirmative form: S + b + deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif) A b deli ka na n ka so.

He is used to come to my house.

Negative form: S + t + deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif) A t deli ka taa a sen na baarak yr la.

He is not used to going to the office on foot.

Interrogative form: S + b/t deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif) ?

THE PAST TENSE
NB: ka deli ka is used in the past tense to indicate that the subject has experience of doing

something. It denotes that the subject has done something already or at least once.

Affirmative form: S + delila ka + V (transitif/intransitif) N delila ka taa Gao bato la.

Ive been to Gao by boat

Negative form: S + ma + deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif) A ma deli ka don awiyn kn. He has never been in a plane. Interrogative form:

S + delila ka + V (transitif/intransitif)?
THE IMPERFECT TENSE:

Affirmative form: S + tun b + deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif)

Negative form: S + tun t + deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif) N tun t deli ka dumuni san sirada la.

A tun b deli ka taa sinema na weekend o weekend

Interrogative form: S + b/t deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif) ? I tun b deli ka mun k weekend o weekend sani i ka na Mali la?

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V 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

EXERCISES
Answer to the following questions:

I taara min site-visit la? I taara don jumn? I seginna don jumn? I taara cogodi? I taara bolifn jumn na? A tun falen don wa?

I ni jn taara gn f? I ye tile joli k yen? Ka b Bamako ka taa i ka dugu la, i ye joli sara? I ye mun k tile fl? I ka dugu b Mali fan jumn f? I ka dugu b cogodi? A taama kra cogodi? I ka taama f an ye.

I delila ka nin taama gn k wa? Readjust the following situations: B:_______________________ B:_______________________ B:_______________________ B:_______________________ B:_______________________

1-

You are coming from a trip.

A: I danse A: taayr mgw ka kn? A: kori uman nana? A: Sira diyara wa? A: N sama b min?
2I am going to travel, make some blessings for me.

A: N nana sara i la, n bna taa dugu la A: _________________ A: _________________ A: ka hr f n k e.g.:

B:_______________________ B:_______________________ B:_______________________ B:_______________________

Make as in the following example. N b deli ka wuli joona. ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

N b to ka wuli joona A b to ka n dm n ka baara la. An b to ka gn sr yen. A t to ka n fo.

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 e.g.:

Make as in the following example. A delila ka bin moto la. _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

A binna moto la. An taamana gn f An ma taa jamana wr la A ye nin mobili gn dilan. N ma dl min fl.

TDA
Identify five (5) cooking tools with your mom/sister. Identify five (5) meals cooked by your mom/sister at home. I can:

SELF EVALUATION

Cite the most used transportation means in Mali. YES___ NOT YET__ Ask appropriate questions to get informed about the means, the fare and the schedule of transportation regarding my trip, in a real situation. YES___ NOT YET__ Use appropriate expressions to wish welcome or safe trip to a traveller. YES___ NOT YET__

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Communicative Task: DUMUNIW

TALKING ABOUT MEALS Objectives:
1. Each trainee will be able to cite, at least, five (5) Malian meals without his/her notes. 2. Each trainee will be able to explain, at least, one recipe to someone using his/her notes. 3. Without any help, each trainee will be able to enumerate four (4) behaviors when eating in Mali and compare them to the American ones.

Nin muso in bka mun tobi? Mun ni mun b gabugu kn? Cultural Notes:
1.Its important to invite people to eat (feel free to say yes or no). 2.Avoid smelling food. 3.Always use your right hand to eat. 4.Generally people eat together in the same bowl but men and women eat separately. 5.Cooking is a womens role.

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I-

TEXT Dumuniw ani dumunikyr ladaw.

Mali ka bon, a siyaw fana ka ca. O na ta o ta, siyaw ka dumuniw nu ka dumuniyr ladaw man jan gn na kosb. Mali siyaw caman b to, basi, dg, mni, seri, sam ani malokini dun. U b b dumuni k si saba tile kn: daraka, tilelafana ani surafana. Musow ni cw t dumunik gn f yr caman na Mali la. Cw wali musow b dumunik gn f minn kelen kn. Danfara dw b siyaw ni gn c. Bamananw b seri sukarontan walima tosira k daraka ye. Bamananw fana ka surafana nu ka tilelafana caman ye to ye. Malokini b tobi nisndiya donw drn. Krbrw b furufuru k daraka ye. U caman ka tilelafana ni surafana ye malokini ye. Basi ka di marakaw ye ksb. Siyaw dw b barika da dumuni kf nka dw ta da. Dumuniyr ye kalansoba ye Mali la.

Nin muso in bka mun tobi? O dumuni in tobicogo f.

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Personal health Notes:

Always remember your PCMOs recommendations before buying or eating any food.

Tamatina dilancogo Dilannifw tamati mnenba tigatulu jabakn kg ji

Dilanniminw barama/fugantasa furun finfin kutu muru

Dilancogo 1. Finfin k furun kn, tasuma k finfin na. A fifa. 2. Ni tasuma kamina, barama wala kasilri sigi tasuma kan. Ji d ka kn. 3. I tg ko ka j. Tamati ni jaba ko ku j. 4. Tamati k ji kalaman na. U kelen kelen ta, u fara bu la. 5. U bila tasa jlen d kn. U nni. 6. Barama sigi tasuma kan tuguni. Tulu hak min b bn i ka tamati ma, o k barama kn. 7. Tulu mana kalaya, tamati dni dni k tulu la. To ka kutu k ka lamaga. 8. Jaba tig-tig. A k tamati na kan. 9. kg k tamati na la, dni dni. To ka nn. Duncogo na lamaracogo Nin tamatina in b se ka k sogo jeninen, jg jirannen, woso, wala kmitri balabalalen kan, ku dun. Waa, a ka di ksb. A lamaracogo man gln. I ba k buteli d kn ka tulu dni ka kan ka lasago yr sumannen na.

Tamatina kfnw ye jumnw ye? Kfnw wrw b se ka don a dilanni na wa? I b se ka lamara cogo wr jumn na?

85

IIII dumuni balo daraka tilelafana surafana nafn na kfnw barama galama filen muru shilan furun finfin fugan tasa kini/malokini basi dg mni to seri zam furufuru tosira basisira minan kolon kolon-kala kurun kuyri/kutu tasa tobili

VOCABULARY
food food. breakfast lunch. dinner condiment. sauce ingredients pot ladle. calabash knife. food mill/reel stove charcoal aluminum bowl cooked rice cous-cous. ceam made of cereale porridge. to (malian food) porridge. cokked rice with condiments mixed fritter/doughnut left over to left over cous-cous utensil mortar pestle stool. spoon bowl. cooking millet rice fonio. maize ripe fruit onion tomato. banana orange. lemon 86

malo fini kaba yiriden mlen jaba tamati namasa lemuruba lemurukumu

tiga foronto layi tulu x mugu tigadg dabilenni kk/kg sogo/soko siya lada x sukarotan ka barika da/ ta o na ta o ta ka x susu ka x ko ka j ka x wr ka x kis/kolo b ka x tig tig ka x suma ka x daji ka x shi ka x tobi ka x k min kn ka x mara ka x lasagon ka x j ka x nni ka x tig ka x k y la/na ka x wele y la ka x datugu ka x dayl

peanut. pepper garlay oil the powder of x. peanut butter hibiscus. salt meat. ethnic group costum. x without sugar to thank. despite to pound x. to wash properly to peel to take out seed slice to measure to soak to grind/crush to cook to put x in to keep to keep to clean to mix to cut x. to put x in y to call x for y to cover x to open x.

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HERE ARE OTHER WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS WHICH CAN HELP YOU TO TALK MORE EASILY ABOUT MEALS.

a barika a barika Ala ye i ni gwa i ni daba ka suma i la ka suma i kn na dumuni na nan ka dumunik dumuni mnna dumuni sigira n faara n falen don n faara teu-teu n ye dumunik sisan ki ni hr bn nabaa/nabaga mun bi bolo? mun ni mun b yan? a kk cayara dni kk ta la kana caya kosb dni fara kan

thank you(after a meal) you are welcome. thank you thank you. you are welcome you are welcome. come and eat come and eat. the meal is ready the meal is ready. Im full Im full. Im completely full I have just eaten. good appetite newcomer what do you have? what do you have here? there is too much salt there is no salt in it. dont give too much add a little bit.

IIIIII Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: I ni sgma!

DIALOG

Nba. C! a kra di? An mi ye grn na sur d! Foyi ma k! N tun b furusiridn yr la. A kra najba ye. A diyara wa? Kojugu! Dumuni ma k foyi ye! An yan kn fa ani ka dnk fo ka dugu j. Ala ka k furu ye! Amiina!

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IVIV
THE USE OF

GRAMMAR
k

NB: K has many meanings but in these strucures it means: to be done; to be made; to occur or happen. Below are the structures and some examples.

Affirmative form: Suj + b k + Compl + ye

THE PRESENT TENSE:

Negative form: Suj + t k + Compl + ye To t k tilelafana ye an ka so.

To is not made for lunch at our place

Mni b k daraka ye sgma o sgma.

Mni is made for breakfast every morning

Affirmative form: Suj + kra + Compl + ye A kra baara ye! A kra dgtr ye.

THE PAST TENSE:

Negative form: Suj + ma k + Compl + ye A ma k foyi ye! Foyi ma k! Aw ma k wlntriw ye fl. Interrogative Form:

Mun kra? Affirmative form: Suj + bna k + Compl + ye Aw bna k wlntriw ye sni.

A kra di?
THE FUTURE TENSE:

Negative form: Suj + tna k + Compl + ye A tna k foyi ye.

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V 1234567-

EXERCISES
Translate the following sentences into bambara.

Sauce is made of peanut butter. _____________________________________________ The trainee becomes volunteer after nine weeks. ______________________________ One should not chat in class. _______________________________________________ One should not dance in the mosque. _______________________________________ John will be a good volunteer. ______________________________________________ What happened to you yesterday? __________________________________________ What will happen if you dont go? ___________________________________________ Explain the recipe of a meal you like to cook. Exchange an American recipe you know for a Malian one with a friend.

TDA
With your host mother/sister/neighbour, get informed about: The type of meals she cooks The recipe of this meals The typical meals of her ethnic group.

SELF EVALUATION

I can:
yes____not yet____ yes____not yet____
yes____not yet____

Talk about meals in Mali and the states Explain a recipe to someone Compare the do and dont while eating

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Communicative Task: ANAJW

TALKING ABOUT FEASTS AND LEISURE Objectives:
1. Each trainee will be able, without his/her notes, to cite three (3) religious and three (3) traditional feasts in Mali. 2. Each trainee will be able, without notes, to name, at least, three (3) leisure time activities in his/her community and describe one of them.

Answer to these questions.

Nin ye mun naj ye ? Dugumgw yaw bisimila ka aw na don wa ? Aw nisndiyara ksb wa ?

Cultural Notes:
Generally Malians are tolerant about religious feasts (mainly with Christian and Muslim feasts) but you may still come across some traditional ceremonies/feasts in rural area.

91

I1. Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: 2. Jelik: Den-fa: Jelik: Den-fa: Jelik: An ni su! Nba , aw ni su! Hr tilenna wa? Hr drn. An ni sgma!

DIALOG

Nba. C! a kra di? An mi ye grn na sur d! Ti don. N tun b furusiridn yr la. A kra anajba ye. A diyara wa? Kojugu. Jamaba de tun b yen. An ye dumunik ani ka dnk fo ka dugu j. Flifn jumn tun b yen? An ye balani dn fo kan sen kari.

Mg nakun ka fisa i yr ye. Ni ye n wulilen ye ka se yan, juguman t. A kun ye furu sira ye. Keyitalakaw ye woro tan ni fura siri, ku bra aw denmuso Fanta f. U dun ta aniya ni foyi ye nu denk Bakari furumuso t. Woro tan fil na b bn aw ma, o b diyan ye ksb. An b woro min fl. Den b yan, den baw b yan. Nan yolu ininka, olu mana jaabi min di, an no f aw ye. Nin diyaran ye, a bnnan ma. Hakto bo kan. Aw Keyita! Ala ka n ka dan ma. N b sira inin. Kuyate! Sira diri ma. Kan bu fo! U na mn! Ka su hr dan ma!

Den-fa:

Jelik: Den-fa: Jelik:

Safety and Security Notes:

Avoid going to traditional ceremonies without invitation, however initiation is sometimes required.

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IIII jenbe balani ntamani gitari ni kora file

VOCABULARY
FLIFNW DW SOME INSTRUMENTS

drum xylophone hand-held drum guitare an indigenous guitare kora a flute NAJ DW
SOME FEASTS

denkundi furusiri/k furasi seliba selideni/seliinin san ylma seli yrma hrnya seli dn marasib farikolo naj

baptism marriage circoncision party Tabaski Ramadan new years day Independence day dance to play cards sports
ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY

grn jama jeli woro bolomafara ka.x sn ka tgrf morik

club crowd griot kola nut contribution to give a present to applaud marabout

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IIIIII -

GRAMMAR
THE PASSIVE VOICE:

NB: The passive voice is formed by adding ra (na, la) to the infinitve form without ka (or b of course). You can then notice that we get past form of the verb.

Affirmative form: Suj (passif)+ Vra/na/la + Compl (suj act) +(f/bolo) Woro dira denfa ma jelik f. Dumuni sigira Fanta f Te wulila Mobili kora Musa f Negative form: Suj (passif)+ ma +Verb + Compl (suj act) +(f/bolo) Ayi furu ma siri fl. Mobili ma ko Musa f Ayi wri ma ci ne bolo. The car has not been washed by Musa. Woro minna denfa f. The meal has been set by Fanta Tea has been boiled The car has been washed by Moussa

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IVIV e.g.:

EXERCISES
Make as in the following example.

Bakari ye wari di Musa ma --------------> Wari dira Musa ma Bakari f. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Fanta ye ji kalaya. ________________________________________ Knmuso ye fini kuraw don. ______________________________ Jelik ye gitari f furusiri yr la. ____________________________ An ye dn dabila su f _____________________________________ U ye balani f ksb ______________________________________ Jelik ye wari caman sr __________________________________ Make as in the following example.

e.g.:

Dumuni sigira ka ban --------------> Dumuni ma sigi fl. 1. 2. 3. 4. Furusiri kra misiri la. ______________________ An kunbna ka u f. ______________________ Mobili tina a bolo. _______________________ Kini dunna ka ban. _________________________

TDA
Identify at least three (3) or four (4) traditional or religious feasts at the host village. Get informations about the games/leisures activities practiced in the village by the different social groups below:
The youth /boys/girls; Kids; Adults.

Explain a popular game of a group (youth/kids/adults) Explain to someone (brother/sister) the following holydays
Halloween; Thanksgiving.

SELF EVALUATION

I can:
yes_____not yet________ yes_____not yet________

Describe how I spend my free time Explain a game to somebody

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Communicative Task: MG WELELI

ACCEPT OR DECLINE AN INVITATION Objectives:
1. Without assistance, each trainee will be able to use, at least, three (3) expressions to invite someone in a real situation. 2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to use appropriately three (3) expressions to accept or decline an invitation.

Cultural Notes:
1. Formal invitations are not common. People are welcome at any social activities (events) except initiation or ritual ceremonies. 2. When you invite a Malian in a restaurant, you are supposed to pay the bill.

I1. Mamu: Fanta: Mamu: Fanta: Mamu: Fanta: 2. Umaru: Susan: Umaru: Susan: I ni wula, Susan!

DIALOG

Fanta! i ni fama sa! An b ni fama. I tununna d! O kra! N tun taara dugu la. I nani diyara n ye. Ti don, n dgmuso ka furusiri b k sibiri don. Ni ba masr, n ba f i ka na o la. An b anajba k wula f. Basi t, ni Ala snna i bna n ye.

Nse! Umaru, hr tilenna? N b Ala tanu! A b diyan ye ni b se ka nan ka furusiridn yr la bi su in na. Bi su in na! Haa! N tn'a masr. N bolo degunnen don barisa gnye krnkrnnen d b n bolo. A kra baara ye. Kana jigin n na. Ala ka si wr jir'an na. N tna jigin i la. Ala ka dugawu min! Amiina!

Umaru: Susan:

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Safety and Security Notes:

1. Do not accept invitations from anyone you dont know unless you talk to your counterpart about it. 2. Do not stay late after an invitation and do not go back alone, especially, at night. 3. Always share foods or drinks with people.

IIII n ba ini f n jigi bi kan o b diya n ye n bi deli

VOCABULARY
EXPRESSIONS TO INVITE SOMEONE

I would like you to I count on you. It will please me Please (I am begging you).
EXPRESSIONS TO ACCEPT AN INVITATION INVITATION

o diyara n ye i b n sigi Ala kan to gn ye ni Ala snna, i b n ye

Its my pleasure(pleased me). Organize a meal for me (set something for me). May we count on each other. If god pleases, you will see me.
EXPRESSIONS TO DECLINE DECLINE AN INVITATION

n ta masr n bolo degunnen don a kra baara ye kana jigi n na

I wont have time I am busy. What a pity Dont hold it against me.

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IIIIII NB: Sa is used in two situations: i- As an emphatic: It means very.

GRAMMAR
SA: 1. THE EMPHATIC SA :

I ni fama sa! It has been a very long time! Nin c ka jugun sa! This man is so mean!
ii- It can mean, please.

I sigi sa! Please sit down! Dumunik sa! Eat, please!

2. THE EXPRESSIONS OF DESIRE AND OBLIGATION NB: The expressions of desire and obligation require the use of the infinitive.

ka f ka

to want

N ba f aw ka tilen n ka so. I want you to spend the day at my house. Ka ini x f to ask someone to.

N y a ini Mamadu na muso f u ka na dumuni k. I asked Mamadou and his wife to come and eat. A ka di x ye to please to.

A ka di n ye i ka n dm tobili la. I want you to help me to cook. Wajibi don Its obligatory.

Wajibi don n ka taa nin dekundi yr la. I have to go to this baptism.

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IVIV A: A: A: A: A:

EXERCISES
Complete this dialog. Accept the invitation. I ni sgma. I ni fama. I b taa min? Sini suf, n b te wuli n ka so. I b se ka na wa? O diyara n ye. B: __________________________ B: __________________________ B: __________________________ B: __________________________ B: __________________________

Complete this dialog. Decline the invitation. B: __________________________ B: B: B: B: __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________

A: N terimuso, i tununna d. A: N ba f i ka taa b n ye sini su f, an b te min ka barok. A: N b'i deli sa ! A: I ba masr don jumn. A: Ayiwa, kan bu fo.

Case study: The trainee Susan is invited by her brother to a wedding party. Her brother's cousin Invites her to dance repeatedly.A bit later she decides to go back home. The following day, she learns her brother and his cousin had a fight. since then, she feels uncomfortable at home. You have a very nice malian friend. He invites you at his house. Tell him you are busy. Find out 2 or 3 excuses to decline the invitation. Invite a village friend or a host family member to a technical activity of your sector in the village and tell him about the goals of that activity. I can:

SELF EVALUATION

Use some expressions to invite someone in a real situation Yes___ not yet___ Yes__ not yet_ Use appropriately some expressions to accept or decline an invitation.

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Communicative Task: DM ININ

ASKING FOR HELP Objectives:
Each trainee will be able to use three (3) appropriate expressions to ask for or decline a proposal of help without his/her notes in a given situation.

Nin c in b mun na knma? A ka baara ye mun ye?

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Cultural Notes:
1. Offering and/or receiving help is not a sign of weakness or incompetence; its just a form of socialization. 2. Both not offering or not accepting assistance can be embarrassing.

ISarah:

DIALOG
Ee! Mun kra? N ka ngso bila! I b taalen ni n ka ngso ye min? A ye son bn! A' ye n dm! Jn kulekan b yan? Mun yi sr? Jn donna i kan? A ye na! A ye b! Son taara ni n ka ngso ye. N b'aw deli. Aya kunbn! Aye n ma! I hakili sigi. A t se ka taa yr jan. Kule dabila n balimamuso. U ye i ka son min. A ni ngso bu bolo ka na. O ye Ala tanu ye. Aw ni ce! Aw ni baraji! Hakto! Musa, n hakili la, n ka kan ka soklsila d inin min bna n ka duknna klsi, ka janto da la. O ka ngn. An bna mg sb inin i ye. Hali ni mg wr fra i k, ale na sr yan.

Musa: Sarah:

Musa: Passant: Sarah:

Musa:

Safety and Security Notes:

1. Never hesitate to ask for help if necessary. 2. Never use words or expressions for help if there is no danger.

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IIII wooyi! wooyi! wooyi n ba den! aye na! aye b! n ma! n dm! a/u bna bin n kan ! a/u b n k! i b se ka n dm wa?/aye n dm!

VOCABULARY
EXPRESSIONS USED TO ASK FOR HELP:

interjection used to ask for help come over here come out Please/help me help me she/he (they are) is agressing me. she/he (they are) is purchasing me. can you help me?

EXPRESSIONS USED TO REFUSE HELP:

i lafi (sa)! n ma jigin i la. a ka i ten.

get a rest I excuse you its good enough

EXPRESSIONS USED IN A CASE OF AGRESSION:

n bila!/ n bolo bila! a ye son bn! sabali hin n na ! n b'i deli ! n to ala ye (kama/ksn)

leave me alone thief ! thief ! be tolerant (easy) have pity on me please for gods sake, leave me.
EXPRESSIONS USED IN A CASE OF INDESIRED ATTENTION:

b n kun na! n to yen! i da b n na! fara n na! i b n na! i b n laj munna? i b n foto f wa? i ma n gn ye wa? mun kra?/a kra di ?/mun don?

leave me alone leave me alone leave me alone leave me alone why do you stare at me? why do you stare at me? Do you want my picture? havent you seen anyone like me? whats the matter?
EXPRESSIONS EXPRESSIONS USED TO ADDRESS A GUARDIAN/A HOUSEWORKER:

ki janto x la/na ka x klsi ka x bila ka don ka x gn ka x makn ka f x k ka x kalifa ka grn x la

to pay attention to x. to take care of/to look after x. to let x get in to chase x. to wait for x. to miss. to give/to look after to get close to x. 102

IIIIII

EXERCISES
Translate the following sentences and phrases into Bambara.

1- Come early tomorrow. Clean up the courtyard. ________________________________________________________ 2- Dont leave the door open. Lock it. ________________________________________________________ 3- Watch out the wall behind. ________________________________________________________ 4- Dont let anyone enter the house. ________________________________________________________ 5- Chase animals and water the trees. ________________________________________________________ 6- If my friend comes while I am not here, tell him/her to wait for me. ________________________________________________________

TDA
Explain to someone (PTC/LCF/brother/sister) an incident a trainee or anyone you know has been victim of.
Give the circonstences of that incident; The victims reaction; The help she/he got from the others.

With your parents, identify at least two (2) activities according to the seasons and the genre

NB: Use the board below: 1- Cw 1- Fonn

____________________ ____________________

2- Tilema
____________________ ____________________

3- Taratile
____________________ ____________________

4- Samiya
____________________ ____________________

2- Musow

____________________ ____________________

____________________ ____________________

____________________ ____________________

____________________ ____________________

SELF EVALUATION

I can:

Use the appropriate expressions to ask for or decline a proposal of help in a given situation: yes_____not yet_____

103

Communicative Task: WAATIW LAHALAW

TALKING ABOUT THE WEATHER Objectives:
1. Each trainee, without his/her notes, will be able to cite three (3) characteristics of the main seasons in Mali. 2. Without assistance, each trainee will be able to cite, at least, two (2) activities related to the seasons, according to gender.

Cultural Notes:
1. Group works are generally organized during the rainy season in public or individual fields in some rural areas. 2. In some places, people perform sacrifices in the beginning of the rainy season for a better harvest.

Personal health Notes:

Respect the hygienic rules to avoid getting malaria, diarrhea

104

IJohn: Amadu: John: Amadu: John: Amadu: John: Amadu: John: Amadu: John: Amadu: Nba, hr sira John?

DIALOG
Amadu, i ni sgma.

Hr drn. N b taa b n terik ka foro la ka na. Ee! I t'i j dni. E t sanfinnenba la? E ko nin san b na sisan? Funteni b'a kr cogo min na, ne miiri la a b na. Funteni ye sanji tamasere ye aw f yan wa? o drn t d! San tamasere d wrw ye kabang, tile b cogo ani fi ci cogo ye. Hali kn dw b san kibaruya f an snklaw ye. Kabako! Ni n b taa, n bna n ka sanji minfini ta. I ni ce. Amadu, n mana segin, an b se ka barok Mali waatiw ni Ameriki taw kan wa? O b diya n ye kosb. Ola n yr bna faamuya d sr Ameriki kan. K'an bn sni. K'an bn! Ka hr f n k. Amina! K'i uman segin!
w, nka

Safety and Security Notes:

1. Avoid standing under a tree or next to a mud wall when it rains to avoid thunder or the wall falling on you. 2. Always lock your room when sleeping out during hot season.

105

IIII tilema taratile samiya fonn funteni waati nn tuman gngn kabakolo sanji san prn san kulu san mgru san blni cc sanfin fi funteni kawula bg kabang tubabu kalo farafin kalo zanwuye (kalo) Feburuye marisi Awirili m Zuwn Zuluye uti Sbutanburu kutburu Nowanburu desanburu dibi donnen don sanba nana nn b k/b sni funteni b/k b sni

VOCABULARY
dry season hot and dry season rainy season cold season hot season cold season the dust sky rain thunder balt thunder lightning the hail heavy rain the storm the wind the heat hot and humid season mud cloud gregorian calendar lunar month January February March April May June July August September October November December it is dark It rained a lot it will be cold soon it will be hot soon

106

IIIIII

EXERCISES
Translate the following sentences: 1. It rained a lot last night. 2. A bad wind blew before the rain. 3. Kids hid themselves behind the big tree. 4. The big Moussa fell into the mud 5. His clothes are very dirty now Talk with your parents in the village in order to get information on their different activities during the different seasons.

TDA
Interview some resource persons in your training site to identify:
The activities according to the seasons and the genre.

NB: Use the board below:

Sankn kalow waati Zanwuye(kalo) fonn waati Feburuye(kalo) Marisi(kalo) Awirili(kalo) M(kalo) Zuwn(kalo) Zuluye(kalo) Uti(kalo) Sbutanburu(kalo) kutburu(kalo) Nowanburu(kalo) Desanburu(kalo) Baaraw/hajuw (Write the number corresponding to the activities/events)
1 m/w

nak baara jago misn tungalataa/dugubakntaali forobabana so dila/jo biriki dila foro baaraw

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 man (m) woman (w)

jiriden tm suma tig seginktuma furusiriw tuma/kw suma ds wari sr tuma seliw

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

SELF EVALUATION

I can:

Talk about the different seasons in Mali: Yes _____ Not Yet _____ Talk about the different activities of people according to the season :Yes __ Not Yet __ 107

Communicative Task: SEKO NI DNKOW

TALKING ABOUT ONES SKILLS Objectives:
1. Each trainee, without help, will be able to explain in detail his/her work to another person. 2. Without notes, each trainee will be able to explain in detail one specific activity related to his/her technical sector.

Cultural Notes:
1. Some people (Malians) do not want to share their talents with others for the reason of always being a reference. 2. In Mali, a lot of people acquire their knowledge or skills without going to school. Some inherit them.

108

I-

TEXT

Sekow ni bololabaaraw

Bololabaaraklaw jyr ka bon ksb jamana in kn. Kabini lawale la, an ka minnw fanba b b dilan bololabaaraklaw de f. Dugu si t taa u k. Ulu de ban mago caman . I b garankw, gesedalaw, numuw, sanu ni warij fagalaw, dagadilannaw, klnsennaw, sojlaw, jiridslaw, kundigilaw, mekanisiw, menizenw sr an ka dugu caman kn. Nin seko ni dnko mgw fana t taa snklaw, nakbaaralaw, bagangnnaw, mniklaw, dosow ni jeliw k.

Safety and Security Notes:

In Mali, many handworkers dont use safety tools to protect themselves.

IIII Amadu: John:

DIALOG
N terik John, e yr b mun baarak an ka dugu in kn?

inikali uman! Ne ye yiriforow ni kungoyiri nafamaw lakanabaa wlntri ye. N b baarak snklaw ni naktigiw f. N b ladilikan di mgw ma yirituru ni yiriw ladoncogo uman kan. N b dugu mgw dm yirishnw sr cogo nu turu cogo la ani ng ni ngdingw dilanni fana la. N b taa nakw ni forow kn tuma ni tuma ka kuma nin fnw kan. Ayiwa! Ne hakili la, n yi ka baara faamu sisan. Ala ki dm.

Amadu:

109

IIIIII bololabaarakla garank numu gesedala baganmarala masn minize mnnikla snkla/cikla yiriturubaara mekanisi baarakden baaraini nakbaarala nakbaara knya ni saniya baara ji ni saniya baara klnsenna jagokla jagomisn layiriwali baarakla

VOCABULARY
PROFESSIONS/WORKERS

hand worker/artisan cobbler/shoemaker blacksmith weaver cattle breeder builder/mason joiner/carpenter fisherman farmer plantation/tree planting mechanic servant/domestic laborer gardener gardening health educator water sanitary work well digger merchant "SED" agent
SOME EXPRESSIONS

seko ni dnko x dilala x t fosi dn x t se foyi la x ye fugari ye x baara n ka i x b se baara uman na ka x k ka ka ds x la ki kamana gan ki knna fili ka se ka ka se x la ka x f

aptitude reparman x knows nothing x cant do anything x is good for nothing x does a good job x does a good job to do x well not to be able to x to cause trouble/to puzzle to cause trouble/to puzzle can/ to be able to to be able to do x to explain

110

Te wulicogo Wulifnw te sukaro nanaye Teminnw barada furun finfin wriw pilato ji

Wulicogo N'i b te wuli, i b fl ka: 1. tasuma aga, o k i b te k barada kn. 2. I b ji wri naani ni tila k'a la. 3. O k i b barada sigi tasuma kan. I b'a wuli miniti bisaba kn. 4. Tuma kelen kelen, i b'a jigin ka teji k barada wr kn. 5. O k, i b sukaro k'a la. I b sr k'a suuru wriw kn walasa ka sukaro yelen teji la. 6. O k, i b'a nn ni sukaro y'a b. I b teji ylma barada kn tuguni. 7. I b'a kalaya dni. 8. Mg caman b teji d to wri kelen kn walasa ka musi dila n'o ye wri tw kn. 9. I b tila ka wriw k sananko. 10. Te mana kalaya dni, i b'a tila wriw ni gn c k'a di mgw ma. 11. Segin b k ni kan fo si saba. 12. Si fila tw la i b se ka nanaye k'a la. 13. Temugu ni ji hak b ylma mgw hak ksn.
SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY

barada ka x k y la/kn wri ka x suuru pilato ka x fifa furun ka x kalaya finfin/sharibon ka x sumaya sukaro ka x nn te ka x wuli nanaye ka x aga hak ka x ylma musi/kangaji

tea pot to put x into y glass to pour x plate to ventilate x stove to heat up charcoal to cool sugar to taste tea to boil mint to make x alive the quantity to put x in an other recipient the froth 111

ka x sananko tuma kelen kelen x + nombre ka x jigin ka x yelen ka x tila

to clean x from time to time the number of the content of x to take out of to dissolve x to share x

IVIV
NB:

GRAMMAR
The action noun

Action Nouns are formed from verbs by adding the suffix li

e.g.:

Bajw ni kbafiniw dilali ta knna fili.

Ka ___ dila (to repare ) ----------- dilali (reparing )

Verb + li da dila taa fo weave repare go greet

noun dali dilali taali foli weaving reparing going greeting

There are a number of exceptions to this rule wich must be memorized. A few of the most common are:

kalan baara min baro sn

NB:

study work drink converse grow, farm The agentive noun:

kalan baara min baro sn

studying work drinking conversing farming

Agentive nouns, that is, nouns that refer to the doers of actions, are formed in Bambara by compounding the object and the verb and adding the suffix la and it litteraly translates by the "action doer"

Noun + Verbe + la Vk + la Noun e.g: geseda baarak snk mnnik weave thread do work do farming do fishing

Noun gesedala baarakla snkla mnnikla weaver worker farmer fisherman

112

EXERCISES
Translate into Bambara.

1- We cannot make tea. __________________________________________________ 2- Gardening is beneficial. __________________________________________________ 3- I am going to work with my village womens association. __________________________________________________ 4- We must work well with our villagers. __________________________________________________ 5- I am going to help merchants to improve their business. __________________________________________________ 6- I will start with knowing my village labor, then I will start working. __________________________________________________ 7- Some volunteers do good jobs. __________________________________________________ 8- We are going to help with environment protection. __________________________________________________ 9- Our job is not to give money to people, but we are going to help them with the country development works. ___________________________________________________
PROGRAM Environment (AG/NRM)

Complete the following chart according to the PCVs profile.

PROFESSION JOB DESCRIPTION -A b yirishn foro labn -A b yiri turu -A b yiriw lakana -

Small Enterprises Development (SED)

Education

Ekli karamg

Health Education Water Resources Management (WRM)

113

Complete the following sentences according to the image

1. Samba ye ____________ ye. A b wolo baara ka ________ ni ______ dila. A b _____ tig, ka kala, ka nr. 2. ____________ Kante b ng baara ka ______ ni __________ ni jelekis dila. A bu kalaw dila ni _____ ye. I ka ngmafn o fn mana ti, a b se ko labn. 3. Bozo Mama ye ____________ ye. Mnnikla dw ye smnw ye. U b ____ mn ni ___ ye. A mana jgw ______, a muso b taa u feere sugu la. Tuma ni tuma, a b tilen a ka ______ kn baji kan. 4. Alu b gese ___ ni _____ ye. A b se fini ciw dali la. Bajw ni kbafiniw ____ ta knna fili. 5. Musajan b _____________ labn i na f: mobiliw, _______ ani ______. Olu ______ ta kamana gan. A hakili sigilen don. A ka _______ ka i. A t ds ________ la. Describe the work you will do as a volunteer by starting it in a three month Action Plan. Give the advantages and disadvantages of your work.

114

TDA

Demonstrate one of your aptitudes to someone in your host family.

Interview some resource persons in your training site to identify:

The name of the different chiefs who followed another village.

Interview some resource persons in your training site to identify development partners that heled with:
The fundamental school/the community school; The health center; The community well or pump; The community garden; The millet grinder, etc.

SELF EVALUATION

I can:

Explain in detail my work to another person: yes___ not yet_____ Explain in detail one specific activity related to my technical sector: yes___ not yet_____

115

Communicative Task: SIGIYR KUNNAFONNIW

GETTING INFORMED ABOUT ONES AREA Objectives:
1. Without help, each trainee will be able to ask appropriately, at least, three (3) questions to get informed about his/her site. 2. Each trainee will be able to interview, at least, two (2) resource persons in order to list NGOs and development partners working in his/her commune.

Cultural Notes:
1. 2. 3. 4. People scrupulously respect customs and taboos in Mali. People dont appreciate much curiosity. People dont always give clear answers to questions related to taboos. To get informed about the area, it is better to ask older people.

116

IMusa: John: Musa: John: Musa: John: Musa: John:

DIALOG
Eh! John, i ni faama! Musa, i ni waati. I b di? Alhamudulilayi! I b dugu jumn na sisan? N sigilen don Jitumu mara la, Keleya krf. Keleya lamini duguw ye dugu krw ye. Ti don! Dugutigi ko: ale ka dugu in tutig tuma mnna ksb. Dugu in sigira ka kn Tubabu fanga . Ha! O ye dugu kr ye. Siya jumnw b yen? Siya caman. Bamananw ka ca ni siya tw ye Jitumu mara kn. Fulaw ni Maninkaw fana sigilen b yen yen. Siginfw b sr yen, i na f Korokow, Marakaw, Krbrw, Dongnw ani siya wrw. O ye siya caman ye. I ye yen mgya kcogo b faamu ka ban? Dni dni. Nka yirikurun mn o mn ji la, a t k bama ye. N b ka ladaw ni korw inin. Ayiwa! O de ka i. Ala k'i dm. Amiina! K'an bn!

Musa: John: Musa: John:

Safety and Security Notes:

Before undertaking any activity, ask about the myths and traditions of the area.

117

IIII ladaw kokrw furu tana silam furusiri dasiri furu nafolo snni kn snnikyr kn so seli denkundi seliba bolokoli selincini saya/banni sunkalo din silam din kerecn din
SIYAW

VOCABULARY
LADAW NI KOKRW

customs traditions marriage taboo religious wedding totem dowry sacrifice wedding place for sacrifice nuptial chamber/honey moon feast baptism Tabaski circonscision/excision Ramadan feast death fasting month religion Islam Christianity
ETHNIC GROUPS

bamanan bb krbr

maninka miniyanka burudam

maraka bozo suraka.

fula kad

senufo kasnka

118

NB:

You can meet all the ethnic groups every where in Mali. But there is a concentration of some ethnic groups in certain regions such as:
ETHNIC GROUPS Sarakoll/Maraka Khassonk/Kasonkha Malink/Maninka Peulh/Foulani Maure/Suraka Bambara/Bamanan Malink/Maninka Somono/Bozo Maure/Souraka Senoufo Minianka Peulh/foulani LAST NAME Soumar/Diawara/Doucour/Silla/Kont Sakho/Gassama/Sissoko/Kant/Diakit Diallo/Sakiliba/Keita/Camara/Konat Konar/Sissoko/Diallo/Diakit/Sidib Sangar/Bah/Ould Coulibaly/Diarra/Traor/Kon/Mariko Keita/Camara/Konat/Konar/Doumbia Diabenta/Dienta/Djir/Karabenta Ould/ Bamba/Coulibaly/Sanogo/Bagayogo WonogoCoulibaly/Cissouma/Bengaly Dembl/Wattara Diallo/Diakit/Sidib/Sangar/Bah Coulibaly/Diarra/Traor/Kon/Mariko Diallo/Diakit/Sidib/Sangar/Bah Diabenta/Dienta/Djir/Karabenta Kamata/Sinanta/Dembl/Kwn/Dakouo Dakono/Kamat Diallo/Diakit/Sidib/Sangar/Bah Diabenta/Dienta/Djir/Karabenta/Kamata Guindo/Tapily/DoloOuologuem/Angoiba Tembely/Timbin Maga/Tour/Ciss/Askofar. Ag /Ben /Ould Maga/Tour/Ciss/Askofar. Ag /Ben /Ould Maga/Tour/Ciss/Askofar. Ag /Ben /Ould OCCUPATIONS Trade/Agriculture Animal rising/Fishing Craft OBSERVATION Sedentary Immigration Semi-nomad

REGIONS
KAYES

KOULIKORO

Trade/Agriculture Animal rising/Fishing Craft Trade/Agriculture Animal rising Craft Trade/Agriculture Animal rising/Fishing Craft

Sedentary Immigration Semi-nomad Sedentary

SIKASSO

SEGOU

Bambara/Bamanan Peulh/Foulani Bozo/Somono Bobo/Bowa Peulh/foulani Bozo Dogon Sonra/Krbr Touareg/Arabe Maure Sonra/Krbr Touareg/Arabe Maure Sonra/Krbr Touareg/Arabe Maure

Sedentary Nomad Semi-nomad

MOPTI

Trade/Agriculture Animal rising/Fishing Craft Trade/Agriculture Animal rising/Fishing Craft Trade/Agriculture Animal rising/Fishing Craft Trade/Gardening Animal rising/Fishing Craft

Sedentary Nomad Semi-nomad Sedentary Nomad Semi-nomad Sedentary Nomad Semi-nomad Sedentary Nomad Semi-nomad

TOMBUKTU

GAO

KIDAL

Sarakoll and Sonra Malink and Sarakoll etc. Coulibaly and Traor/Dembl

Joking cousin: Bozo and Dogon

Peulh and Dogon

Coulibaly, Diarra and Traor

119

IIIIII
NB:

GRAMMAR
Comparative construction

Comparative constructions can be formed in Bambara with the postpositional phrases according to the

following patterns.

1. Equality X ni Y ye kelen ye Mali ladaw ni Ameriki ladaw ye kelen ye wa ?

Are Malian and American customs the same?

X ni Y t kelen ye Mali ladaw ni Ameriki ladaw t kelen ye.

Malian customs and American customs are not the same.

X ni Y ka kan Bamanankan ni julakan ka kan dni.

Bamanan and Jula are a bit similar (the same).

X ni Y man kan Bamanan ladaw ni fula ladaw man kan.

Bambara customs and fulani ones are not the same.

2. Superiority X ka + Adj + ni Y ye Maninkakan ka kr ni bamanankan ye.

The Malinke language is older than the Bambara language.

3. Inferiority X man + Adj + ni Y ye Fulakan man ngn ni Bamanankan ye.

The Fulfulde language is not easier than Bambara language.

4. Look alike/the same X ni Y blen don/b/t Amadu ni a denw blen don

Amadou and his children look alike.

X blen don/t Y f Farafina kokr dw blen don Ameriki ta dw f. Some African customs look like some American ones. 120

IVIV

EXERCISES
Answer the following questions:

1. Furusiri b k cogodi Mali la? 2. Furu ladaw ye mun ye? 3. Mun b k furusiri don Ameriki? 4. Munna musow t furu jna Ameriki? 5. Munna muso caman furu dagalen t Ameriki? 6. Mun ye furusa caya Ameriki?

TDA
Go to the chief of the village to find out information about:
The village creation; Its population Peoples activities.

SELF EVALUATION

I can:

ask appropriately, questions to get informed about my site: yes___ not yet_____

121

Communicative Task: JAMA HAKILI JAKAB

LEADING A COMMUNITY MEETING Objectives:
1. Each trainee will be able to use, at least, three (3) expressions to ask for the audiences patience during a real meeting. 2. Without help, each trainee will be able to, at least, three (3) appropriate expressions to introduce (open) or to end (close) a meeting in his/her community. 3. Each trainee will be able to ask two (2) questions to get peoples opinions on the subjects in a real situation.

Cultural Notes:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Generally people dont come on time to meetings. Generally men and women sit apart and men talk more than women. In a traditional meeting, the speech goes from elders to youngsters. In some cases, there is a griot who says loudly what has been said. Meetings usually happen in the evening or at early night.

122

IJohn: Jeliba: John: Jeliba: Dugutigi: John: Amadu: Jeliba: Amadu: John:

DIALOG
A ni wula yankaw, an tilenna hr la, Ala kan si hr la. Nba! A ni wula, aw bisimila! A ye d di. Saha! An ma na baasi la, an ye Saniya baaraklaw ye. An nana walasa an b se ka hakilina falen falen dugu saniya cogo kan. Dugutigi, ayiwa kuma t! U ko, ku nana kan dm ka dugu saniya. Jeliba, a f dunanw ye: ku nali diyaran ye. Ku bisimila! Glya jumn b yan saniyako la? Ne b kuma inin. Kuma bi bolo, Amadu. Ne hakili la, aman ani jingko glya de ban kan bi. Kuma na! Aw hakili la fr jumnw b se ka sr olu la?
(makan caman.)

Jeliba: Bakari: John:

inin.

A ye hakto, an ka gn lamn! Baasi t, ne hakili la, ni b b se ka taa aman bn dugu kf yr kelen na, o b fisaya. Ani fana, an kan hakili to ji saniyali la. Yankaw, anw hakili la, b ye famuya sr tnsigi in kn. Aw ni ce, aw ni baraji! Ala kan bn a gn wr ma. Sisan an ba f ka sira

123

IIII To welcome:

VOCABULARY

aw bisimila! d di/d f kuma bi bolo aw nali diyara anw ye.

To ask for the speech:

ne b kuma inin jama f kuma ka gln ni donna min gasi la, o ka yafa n ma anw ma na baasi la juguma t Ala sago, aw sago
To approve/to agree with someone:

hat! naamu! ti! a ma kuma mn! a ma krf mn!

To remind people to be quiet:

aw ye hakto! aw ye sabali! aw ye gn lamn! Ala kan son sabali la! n b yafa inin jama f.
To take a leave:

n ba f ka sira inin.
To think the audience:

aw ni ce! aw ni baraji! Ala kaw sara! Ala kan to gn ye! Ala kan kafolen to! Ala kan ka danw ma! Ala kan bn a gn wr ma.

124

IIIIII
NB:

GRAMMAR
The demonstrative adjective nin

The demonstrative nin can occur both before and after the noun it modifies: nin c c nin

e.g:

this man this man

When following the noun, nin can always have the reduced form: this man this man The relative pronoun min

e.g:

nin c in c in

Bambara has only one relative pronoun min which corresponds to who, which, that, whose in English.
NB:

1. In subject position (Relative clause) e.g: Jon ye fini san? C min taara. C min taara, o ye fini san. Who bought the cloth? The man who left. The man who left, (he) bought the cloth.

C min nana surafana dun, o ye n terik ye. The man who came to dinner, that one is my friend. The man who came to dinner is my friend.
NB: In the main sentence, the demonstrative pronoun o is used to refer back to the noun followed by the relative clause marker min.

2. In object position (Relative clause) e.g: N b c min fo 3. In adverbial phrases

NB: Adverbial phrases such as those of place, time, and manner can contain relative clauses, equivalent to sentences such as the following:

The man whom I greet

e.g: I tun b yr min, ne tun b yen. I was at the place that you were/I was where you were. I tun b yen tuma min, ne tun b yen o tuma. I was there when you were there. I ya k cogo min, n ya k ten. I did it in the way that you did it.

125

IVIV

EXERCISES
Look for the meaning of this proverb: I dege mnni na, o ka fisa ni don go don jg deli ye. And try to convince your LCF that a true development is not synonymous of gift.

SELF EVALUATION

I can:

ask questions to get peoples opinions on the subjects in a real situation: yes__ not yet__ Express my point of view to someone: yes___ not yet___

126

127

Grammatical Notes: KBILAW

SUFFIX
NSANA PROVERB Bolonnin kelen t se ka bl ta! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

NB:

The suffix lan

lan is a suffix that can be placed on a verb to derive the instrument that performs the

action described by the verb. If the verb ends with a nasalized consonant or vowel, this siffix becomes nan. e.g: sigi tig min to seat/sit (down) to cut to drink
NB:

sigilan tiglan jiminnan

a chair cutter water drinker

The suffix ntan (without the property of) ma (having the property of)

ntan is a suffix equivalent to less or without in English. ma acts much like the suffix y in English. warintan denntan kunntan moneyless childless headless The suffix ta kkma sukaroma nnma salty sugary milky

e.g:

NB: ta is a suffix added to verbs which is equivalent to able in English; that is the thing in question is subject to or able to undergo the action of the verb.

e.g:

san dun min

to buy to eat to drink The suffix bali

santa dunta minta

buyable (to sale) edible drinkable

NB:

bali is a suffix added to verbs which is equivalent to unable in English; that is the thing in question is not subject to or able to undergo the action of the verb. e.g: jaabi malo dun to answer to be ashmed to eat jaabibali malobali dunbali unanswered unashamed inedible

128


NB:

The suffix ka

ka/kaw is a suffix which can be added to all nouns of place to express the meaning person of/from, people of. e.g: Bamakokaw yanka
NB:

people of Bamako person from here The suffix ya

The adjective plus ya is in most cases the same form that is used for the noun counterparts of the adjectival verb. This is the form that is used to characterize, for example, abstract qualities like: bilenya nalomaya redness stupidity goniya sumaya heat slowness

e.g:

When functioning as active verbs, some adjectives do not require ya The following chart lits the adjectival verbs and the active verbal and niminal counterparts:
Adjective ca di bon jan jugu j fin girin g l n kn kr kumu i dgn misn timi etc NB: Verb ka (__) caya ka (__) diya ka (__) bonya ka (__) janya ka (__) juguya ka (__) jya/j ka (__) finya/fin ka (__) girinya ka (__) glya ka (__) knya ka (__) kr ka (__) kumu ka (__) ka (__) dgya ka (__) misya ka (__) timiya Noun caya diya bonya janya juguya jya finya girinya glya knya krya kumuya umanya dgya misya timiya

ya is a suffix which functions to create abstract nouns. It is equivalent to ness or hood in English. e.g:

cya

manliness

denya

childhood

ya can also be added to noun-adjective combinations: tuloglnya stubbornness ckolonya cowardice

e.g:

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Grammatical Notes: BILAW

PREFIX
NSANA PROVERB
ininkalikla t fili! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

The prefix la

NB: In Bambara any verb can take the prefix la, giving the verb a causative or indirect agency meaning:

e.g:

A ye kalanden lataa

He/she caused the trainee to go./He/she had the trainee go.

Many verbs, however, have developed specialized meanings in the causative which cannot be predicted as the sum of their parts.

e.g:

ka _ mn ka _ dege ka _ min ka _ bn

to hear to teach to take to meet

ka _ lamn ka _ ladege ka _ lamin ka _ labn

to listen to imitate to answer to prepare

In these cases, the verb forms with la have to be learned as if they were not at all related to other verb forms.

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Communicative Task: FOLI - MG JIRA MG WR LA

FOLI BILA
GREETING INTRODUCING ONESELF SAYING GOOBYE
NSANA PROVERB Dnin-dnin knnin ba aga da! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

DIALOG
Amadu: Sali: Amadu: Sali: Amadu: Sali: Amadu: Sali: Amadu: Sali: Amadu: Sali: I ni sgma, n balimamuso!
Good morning sister!

Nse, i ni sgma, n balimak! Hr sira?

Good morning, brother! Did you spend the night in peace?

Hr drn! I ka kn?
Only in peace! How are you?

Tr t! I tg?
Im fine! Whats your name?

N tg Amadu Jara. E dun?

My name is Amadu Jara. And you?

N tg Sali Tarawele. I Jara!

My name is Sali Tarawele. Jara!

Nba! Tarawele muso, i b b min?

Nba! Tarawele. Where are you from?

N b b Segu. Jarak, i fana b b Segu?

Im from Segou. Jara, are you from Segou too?

Eh, ayi! N b b yan.

Euh, No! Im from here.

O ka i! Ala ka tile hr caya!

Thats good! May you have a peaceful day!

Amiina! Kan bu fo!

Amen! Say hi to them!

U na mn!
They will hear it !

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Communicative Task: SANNI

SHOPPING
NSANA PROVERB Ni sugufiy girinna, b bolo bi kunna minan na! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

DIALOG
Samba: Amadu: Samba: Amadu: Samba: Kiliyan! Kiliyan! Na yan! Bagi umanw b yan!
Customer! Customer! Come here! There are good fabrics here!

I ni sgma! N b bagi umanw f, nka da duman!

Good morning! I want good fabrics but cheap!

Ola, i sera a yr la. Ne ka bagiw b da ka ngn. U laj.

Then, you are at the right place. All my fabrics are cheap. Look at them.

Nin mtiri joli ye?

How much is the meter?

N bo da diya i la! O mtiri ye km saba ni bi duuru ye.

I give you a good price! The meter is one thousand and seven hundred and fifty.

Kmi e don, barika ba la

I can reduce it for you.

Amadu: Samba: Amadu: Samba:

Ayiwa! A barika, caman b a la.

Ok! Reduce it, reduce a lot.

A ka i forokiya la. I ba san joli?

Its good for a bubu. How much do you buy it?

A to km fila la. N b mtiri wr san.

Give it at two thousand. I buy six meters.

A kari kari ye km saba. Nka, i b se ka km fila ni bi duuru sara.

The last price is one thousand and five hundred. But you can pay one thousand and two hundred and fifty.

Amadu: Samba: Amadu:

I ni ce! Mtiri wr ye wa fila ni drm km ye. Hon! warimisn segin.

Thank you! The six meters are ten thousand and five hundred. Take it! Give back the change.

Fini ni warimisn fil. I kn ka kr!

Here are the fabrics and the change. May you feel good when it gets older.

Amiina! Ka sugu diya!

Amen! May you sell out!

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Communicative Task: YRW TAMASERECOGO

ASKING/GIVING DIRECTIONS
NSANA PROVERB Sen kelen t sira b! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

DIALOG
Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: Amadu: A ni sgma!
Good morning!

Nba, a ni sgma! D di!

Good morning! Say something!

Baasi t! A b hak to! N b dugutigi ka so de inin.

Nothing bad! Excuse me! Im looking for the chiefs house.

Dutigi ka so b an krf, n b se ka taa gn f.

Chiefs house is next to us, we can go together.

I ni ce! A sira f n ye, n yr kelen b se ka taa.

Thanks! Tell me where the road is, I can go by my own.

Ayiwa! I tilen nin sira kelen in f. I b kare saba tmn,o k, fara i numan f.
Ok! Go straight on this same road. Pass three streets, then turn left.

Da naaninan don i kini f. Mangorosunba b soda la.

It is the fourth door on your right. There is a big mango tree at the door.

Umaru: Amadu: Umaru:

I ni baraji! Kan bn!

Thank you! See you!

Kan b! Ka se ni i uman ye!

See you! May you get there in peace!

Amiina!
Amen!

133

Communicative Task: MG NI FNW TAMASERE COGO

DESCRIBING A PERSON, AN OBJECT AND A PLACE
NSANA PROVERB Don go don tulo b taa kalanso! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

TEXT
Nin muso in man jan, a man surun. A kisw ka kunba, a inw jlen don. A ckai. A nison ka di tuma b. Mg sb don.
This woman is not tall, she is not short. Her eyes are big, her teeth are white. She is beautiful. She is always happy. She is a good person.

134

Communicative Task: FARIKOLO LAHALAW

DESCRIBING ONES MENTAL AND PHYSICAL STATE
NSANA PROVERB Bana kunbn ka fisa ni bana furakli ye! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

DIALOG
1Fanta: I ni sgma, Bakari. I nisn man di, mun b'i la?
Good morning, Bakari. You are not happy. Whats wrong?

Bakari: N fari man di n na.

I am not feeling well.

Fanta: I yr jumn b'i dimi?

Which part of your body hurts you?

Bakari: N in de b n dimi kojugu bi.

My tooth hurts me so badly.

Fanta: I ye fura ta wa?

Did you take medecine?

Bakari: Ayi, n bna taa dgtrso la.

No, I am going to the hospital.

Fanta: Ala ka ngyak, k'a ban pewu!

May you feel bether and you entirely recovered.

Bakari: Amiina. Ala ka dugaw min.

Amen. May God accept the blessings.

Fanta: Amiina.
Amen!

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2Fanta: I ni sgma, Bakari. Munna an mi ye sur?

Good morning , bakari. Why didnt we see you last night?

Bakari: N tun man kn.

I was sick.

Fanta: Ee! Mun tun bi la?

He! What was wrong with you?

Bakari: N kungolo ye n dimi kojugu kunun wulada.

I had a bad headach yesterday afternoon.

Suf, n ma se ka sung, n fari b tun ka kalan. At night, I couldnt sleep, my body was hirting me. Fanta: O b sr sumaya ye d?
That might be malaria.

Bakari: N hakili la, a b sr o ye. N bna taa dgtrso la.

I think thats it. I shall go to the hospital.

Fanta: I ka kan ki yr tanga susuw ma.

You should prevent yourself against mousquitos.

Bakari: Ti! N bna sange sulen damad inin n ka denbaya ye.

Thats true! Ill look for some treated mosquito nets for my family.

Ola, sumaya ni bana misnw tna an tr.

Then we wont have any problem with sicknesses.

Fanta: Ala ka ngyak, ka tr dgya!

May you feel better!

Bakari: Amiina. Ala ka dugaw min.

Amen. May God accept the blessings.

Fanta: Amiina.
Amen.

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Communicative Task: DELINAKOW

TALKING ABOUT DAILY ACTIVITIES
NSANA PROVERB Dugu bila ka fisa lada wuli ye! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

TEXT
Musow ka baara dugumisnw kn. Dugumisnw kn, musow ka baara ka ca. U b wuli kabini fajiri. U b fl ka ji b kln na. U b tasuma mn ka koliji kalaya. U b yrw furan ka sro ka daraka tobi. Daraka mana dun, u b minan ngw ko. U b susulik, u b fini ngw ko, u b denw ladon. Mali dugumisn musow sgnnen!
Womens job/work in small villages. In small villages, womens have lot of works. They wake up (early) since dawn. First of all they take water from the well. They make fire to heat washing water. They sweep places and then cook the breakfast. After the breakfast, they wash dishes. They pound, wash laundries, they take care of kids. In small villages women are tired!

137

Communicative Task: TAAMAW

TALKING ABOUT TRAVELING
NSANA PROVERB Ckrba san tan bulon kn, Denmisnnin san tan jamana kn, Olu de b se ka barok! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

I1. Taamaw

TEXT:

Mali mgw b taama ksb duniya kn. U b taa yr caman na. I bu sr Farafinna jamanaw b la. Mali denmisnw b taama farajla jamanaw fana kn. Mali kn, mgw ka taama ka suma, barisa siraw man in. Bolimafnw man ca, ani u t se ka taa yr b. Togodamgw b b dugu ni dugu u sen na, ngsow la, wotorow la, wala bagaw kan i na f: faliw, sow, misiw, gmw. Mgw b bato ta Kulikoro ni Gao c, sisikuru b b Bamako fo kayes.
Trips/travels Malians travel a lot in the world. They go to many places. You find them in all the countries in Africa. The young Malian people also travel in to European countries. In Mali, people travel rarely, because roads are bad. There are not enough means of transportation, and they cant go everywhere. Villagers go from village to village on foot, by bikes, by donkey cars, or by animals like: donkeys, horses, cows, and camels. People take boat in between Koulikoro and Gao, train leaves Bamako for Kayes.

138

2. Sirakoro taama

Ne sera Sirakoro ntnn don, uti kalo tile mugan ni segin san ba fila ni wr Mobili donna dugu kn ka bn ni fitiri ye, o ya sr san nana. An taara dugutigi ka so. A yan bisimila kouman. An sira, dugu jlen an srla ka taa dugu maabaw caman fo (Perefe dankan, Mri, Dgtr kuntigi, Muso kuntigi, Alimami, Pasitri, cmisn kuntigi, ani n ka karamg). Wula f, dugutigi ni a ka knseyew yan bisimila a ka so. An yan nali kun f u ye. A diyara u ye kosb, u ko an kan bisimila. O kf ne ni n ka karamg ye kalan damin. Aa! Sisan kni, ne ye bamanankan caman faamu. Alamisa don, uti kalo tile bisaba ni kelen, sgma dizri waati, dugu musow b ni jenbe nana ka donk n jatigiyala, ka ne fo. An ye donk kosb. Jn ko allah, Sirakoro ka di!!!
Fox Emily The trip to Sirakoro I got to Sirakoro on Monday, on august 28th 2006. When the car got into the village it was sun set, it rained. We went to the chiefs house. He welcomed us well. We spent the night, and in the next morning we went to greet the village many important people (Sousprefet, mayor, the health center leader, woman leader, the imam, the pastor, youth president, and our teacher.) In the afternoon, the village chief and his counselors welcomed us in his house. We told them the reason of our visit. They liked it and gave us sit. After that my tutor and I started learning. Ha! Now I understand lot of Bambara. On Thursday, august 31st, all the women came in to my host family with drums and danced in the morning around 10 am just to greet me. We dance a lot. Truly, Sirakoro is good!!! Fox Emily

IIIIA week trip

DIALOG
dgkun kelen taama

A: B: A: B: A:

N nana n sara i la, n bna taa dgkun kelen taama na sini.

I inform you, Im going to a week trip tomorrow.

Eh! Sini ? Ayiwa, ka taa ka segin ngya.

He! Tomorrow? Ok! May you go and come back in peace.

A miina, ka gn ye ngya, ka hr f n k.
Amen, may we see each other, may you have peace after me.

kan bu fo! Ka segin ni uman ye. I kan sama. I delila ka se yen wa?
Say hi to them! May you come back in peace. Bring me something. Have you been there before?

Ayi, n ma se yen fl. Ni alah snna, n bna aw sama.

No, I havent yet. Ill bring you something, god willing.

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Communicative Task: DUMUNIW

TALKING ABOUT MEALS
NSANA PROVERB Br lakolon t j! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

I-

TEXT
Dumuniw ani dumunikyr ladaw.

Mali ka bon, a siyaw fana ka ca. O na ta o ta, siyaw ka dumuniw nu ka dumuniyr ladaw man jan gn na kosb. Mali siyaw caman b to, basi, dg, mni, seri, sam ani malokini dun. U b b dumuni k si saba tile kn: daraka, tilelafana ani surafana. Musow ni cw t dumunik gn f yr caman na Mali la. Cw wali musow b dumunik gn f minn kelen kn. Danfara dw b siyaw ni gn c. Bamananw b seri sukarotan walima tosira k daraka ye. Bamannanw fana ka surafana nu ka tilelafana caman ye to ye. Malokini b tobi nisndiya donw drn. Krbrw b furufuru k daraka ye. U caman ka tilelafana ni surafana ye malokini ye. Basi ka di marakaw ye ksb. Siyaw dw b barika da dumuni kf nka dw ta da. Dumuniyr ye kalansoba ye Mali la.
Food and eating places customs Mali is big; there are lot of ethnic groups. Despite that, ethnic groups eating places customs are not so different. Most of the ethnic groups eat t, couscous, dg, porridge (rice millet), and rice. They all eat three times a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. In most of places in Mali, men and women dont eat together. Men or women eat together in the same common bowl. There are some differences between the ethnic groups. Bambara have rice porridge or the last night left over for breakfast. They also have t for lunch and dinner. Rice is cooked only during feasts. Sonrha people eat cakes for breakfast. Most of them have rice for lunch and dinner. Soninke people like couscous. Some ethnic groups thank after meals but some dont. Eating-places are great schools in Mali.

140

Tamatina dilancogo
How to make tomato sauce

Dilannifw/Ingredients tamati mnenba

riped tomatoes

tigatulu
peanut oil

jabakn
onion

kg
salt

ji
water

Dilanniminw/tools barama/fugantasa
cooking pot/bowl stove

furun

finfin
spoon

kutu muru
knife

charcoal

Dilancogo/how to make 1- Finfin k furun kn, tasuma k finfin na. A fifa.

Make fire with the charcoal in the stove.

2- Ni tasuma kamina, barama wala kasilri sigi tasuma kan. Ji d ka kn.

Put some water in the pot and put it on the fire.

3- I tg ko ka j. Tamati ni jaba ko ku j.
Wash your hands, the tomatoes and the onions.

4- Tamati k ji kalaman na. U kelen kelen ta, u fara bu la.

Put the tomatoes in the boiling water and shell them one by one.

5- U bila tasa jlen d kn. U nni.

Make paste with the tomatoes in a clean bowl.

6- Barama sigi tasuma kan tuguni. Tulu hak min b bn i ka tamati ma, o k barama kn.
Put your cooking pot on fire and put the quantity of oil you need according to the quantity of your tomato paste.

7- Tulu mana kalaya, tamati dni dni k tulu la. To ka kutu k ka lamaga.
When the oil in boiling add the tomato paste little by little and with a spoon stir it regularly.

8- Jaba tig-tig. A k tamati na kan.

Cut the onions in small pieces and add them to the tomato paste.

9- kg k tamati na la, dni dni. To ka nn.

Then add some salt and taste it.

Duncogo na lamaracogo
How to eat and keep it

Nin tamatina in b se ka k sogo jeninen, jg jirannen, woso, wala kmitri balabalalen kan, ku dun. Waa, a ka di ksb.
This tomato sauce can be eaten with fried meat and fish or with sweet potato and french fries.

A lamaracogo man gln. I ba k buteli d kn ka tulu dni ka kan ka lasago yr sumannen na.
It is easy to keep. Put in a clean bottle, add some oil and leave it in a cool place.

141

IIII Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: I ni sgma!

Good morning!

DIALOG

Nba. C! a kra di? An mi ye grn na sur d! Nba! What happened? We havent seen you last night at the grin. Foyi ma k! N tun b furusiridn yr la. A kra najba ye.
Nothing happened. I was at a wedding party. It was such a big party.

A diyara wa?
Was it good?

Kojugu! Dumuni ma k foyi ye! An yan kn fa ani ka dnk fo ka dugu j.

A lot! There was a much food! We ate and danced a lot till the next morning.

Ala ka k furu ye!

May it be a successful marriage.

Amiina!
Amen!

142

Communicative Task: ANAJW

TALKING ABOUT FEASTS AND LEISURE
NSANA PROVERB Dunun diya tuma ya fara tuma ye! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

DIALOG
1. Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: Amadu: Umaru: An ni sgma!
Good morning!

Nba. C! a kra di? An mi ye grn na sur d! Nba! What happened? We havent seen you last night at the grin. Ti don. N tun b furusiridn yr la. A kra anajba ye.
Thats true. I was at a wedding party. It was such a big party.

A diyara wa?
Was it good?

Kojugu. Jamaba de tun b yen. An ye dumunik ani ka dnk fo ka dugu j.

A lot! There were a lot of people. We ate and danced till the next morning.

Flifn jumn tun b yen?

Which instruments were there?

An ye balani dn fo kan sen kari.

We danced xalophone till our legs got broken.

143

2. Jelik: Den-fa: Jelik: Den-fa: Jelik: An ni su!

Good afternoon (night)

Nba , aw ni su!
Nba, good afternoon (night)

Hr tilenna wa?
Did you spend a peaceful day?

Hr drn.
Only in peace.

Mg nakun ka fisa i yr ye.

The reason of onces present is more important than yourself.

Ni ye n wulilen ye ka se yan, juguman t.

If you sea me here, its nothing bad.

A kun ye furu sira ye.

Its for a wedding process.

Keyitalakaw ye woro tan ni fura siri, ku bra aw denmuso Fanta f.

The Ketas brought ten cola nuts to ask for our daughter Fanta hand.

U dun ta aniya ni foyi ye nu denk Bakari furumuso t.

They want her to be their son Bakaris wife.

Woro tan fil na b bn aw ma, o b diyan ye ksb.

Here are the ten cola nuts, if you accept we would appreciate.

Den-fa:

An b woro min fl. Den b yan, den baw b yan.

We first take the cola nuts. The daughter and the moms are here.

Nan yolu ininka, olu mana jaabi min di, an no f aw ye.

Well ask them and let you know the answer.

Nin diyaran ye, a bnnan ma. Hakto bo kan.

We do appreciat that, and it honour us.

Jelik: Den-fa: Jelik:

Aw Keyita! Ala ka n ka dan ma. N b sira inin.

Keta! May God help us. We ask the permission to leave.

Kuyate! Sira diri ma. Kan bu fo!

Kouyat! You can go. Say hi to them!

U na mn! Ka su hr dan ma!

They will hear it! May we have a peaceful night!

144

Communicative Task: MG WELELI

ACCEPT OR DECLINE AN INVITATION
NSANA PROVERB Denmisnnin min b yaalabak, o ta ba su ye! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

I1. Mamu: Fanta: Mamu: Fanta: Mamu: Fanta! i ni fama sa!

Fanta! Its been a long time!

DIALOG

An b ni fama.
Its been a long time for we all.

I tununna d!
You got lost!

O kra! N tun taara dugu la.

Thats true! I was in a trip.

I nani diyara n ye. Ti don, n dgmuso ka furusiri b k sibiri don.

Its a pleasure that you come back. Its true, my little sisters wedding is on Saturday.

Ni ba masr, n ba f i ka na o la. An b anajba k wula f.

If you have time, I want you to come. Well have a big party in the afternoon.

Fanta:

Basi t, ni Ala snna i bna n ye.

No problem, youll see me god willing.

145

2. Umaru: Susan: Umaru: Susan: I ni wula, Susan!

Good afternoon, Susan!

Nse! Umaru, hr tilenna?

Nse! Umaru, did you have a peaceful day?

N b Ala tanu! A b diyan ye ni b se ka nan ka furusiridn yr la bi su in na.

I thank God! I would appreciate if you can come to our wedding party to night.

Bi su in na! Haa! N tn'a masr.

Tonight! Ha! I wont hive time.

N bolo degunnen don barisa gnye krnkrnnen d b bolo.

I am busy because I have a special meeting.

A kra baara ye. Kana jigin n na. Ala ka si wr jir'an na.

Thats tricky. Dont be mad at me. Next time.

Umaru: Susan:

N tna jigin i la. Ala ka dugawu min!

I wont be mad at you. May God accept our blessings

Amiina!
Amen!

146

Communicative Task: DM ININ

ASKING FOR HELP
NSANA PROVERB Funtin b yr min, bnkan t yen! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

DIALOG DI ALOG
Sarah: Ee! Mun kra? N ka ngso bila!
He! Whats going on? Leave my bike!

I b taalen ni n ka ngso ye min? A ye son bn! A' ye n dm!

Where are you taking my bike? Thief! Thief! Help me!

Musa: Sarah:

Jn kulekan b yan? Mun yi sr? Jn donna i kan?

Who is yelling here? What happens to you? Who got in your house?

A ye na! A ye b! Son taara ni n ka ngso ye.

Come over! Come out! The thief took my bike away!

N b'aw deli. Aya kunbn! Aye n ma!

I beg you. Catch him! Help me!

Musa: Passant:

I hakili sigi. A t se ka taa yr jan.

Calm down. He cannot go far.

Kule dabila n balimamuso. U ye i ka son min.

Stop yelling my sister. They got your thief.

A ni ngso bu bolo ka na.

They are come with him and your bike.

Sarah:

O ye Ala tanu ye. Aw ni ce! Aw ni baraji!

Thanks to God. Thank you! Thank you very much!

Hakto! Musa, n hakili la, n ka kan ka soklsila d inin

Please! Musa, I think, I should look for a guardian

min bna n ka duknna klsi, ka janto da la.

who will look after my house,, to take care of my door.

Musa:

O ka ngn. An bna mg sb inin i ye.

Thats easy. Well look for a good person.

Hali ni mg wr fra i k, ale na sr yan.

Even if someone else comes after you, he will be here.

147

Communicative Task: WAATIW LAHALAW

TALKING ABOUT THE WEATHER
NSANA PROVERB I ma min f i siriyr la, kano f i foniyr la! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

DIALOG
John: Amadu: John: Amadu: John: Amadu: John: Amadu: Amadu, i ni sgma.
Good morning Amadu.

Nba, hr sira John?

Nba, did you spend a good night?

Hr drn. N b taa b n terik ka foro la ka na.

Peace only. Im visting my friends field.

Ee! I t'i j dni. E t sanfinnenba la?

He! Wait a little bit. It is going rain.

E ko nin san b na sisan?

Is it going rain?

Funteni b'a kr cogo min na, ne miiri la a b na.

It is hot, in my opinion it will rain.

Funteni ye sanji tamasere ye aw f yan wa?

Is the heat a sign of rain here? w, nka o drn t d! San tamasere dwrw ye kabang, tile b Yeah! But thats not all! Another sign is the cloud, the way the sun appears

cogo

ani fi ci cogo ye. Hali kn dw b san kibaruya f an snklaw ye.

and the way the wind blows. We farmers are even told by some birds.

John:

Kabako! Ni n b taa, n bna n ka sanji minfini ta. I ni ce.

Amazing! When going, Ill take my umbrella with me. Thank you.

Amadu, n mana segin, an b se ka barok Mali waatiw ni Ameriki taw kan wa?
Amadu, if I come, could we talk about the seasons in Mali and the ones in America?

Amadu:

O b diya n ye kosb. Ola n yr bna faamuya d sr Ameriki kan.

Ill like it a lot. Ill know more about America.

K'an bn sni.
See you soon.

John: Amadu:

K'an bn! Ka hr f n k.
See you! May you have peace after me.

Amina! K'i uman segin!

Amen! May you come back safely!

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Communicative Task: SEKO NI DNKOW

TALKING ABOUT ONES SKILLS
NSANA PROVERB Jirikuru mn o mn ji la, a t k bama ye! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

I-

TEXT
Sekow ni bololabaaraw

Bololabaaraklaw jyr ka bon ksb jamana in kn. Kabini lawale la, an ka minnw fanba b b dilan bololabaaraklaw de f. Dugu si t taa u k. Ulu de ban mago caman . I b garankw, gesedalaw, numuw, sanu ni warij fagalaw, dagadilannaw, klnsennaw, sojlaw, jiridslaw, kundigilaw, mekanisiw, menizenw sr an ka dugu caman kn. Nin seko ni dnko mgw fana t taa snklaw, nakbaaralaw, bagangnnaw, mniklaw, dosow ni jeliw ko.
Aptitudes and crafts Artisans play an important role in the country. Since the past, craftsmen make lot of our tools. No village can work without them. They meet most of our needs Shoe makers, blacksmiths, jewelers, potters, well diggers, masons, Sculptors, hairdressers, mechanics, carpenters are in most of our villages. Farmers, gardeners, animal risers, fishermen, hunters and griots are important.

IIII Amadu: John:

DIALOG
N terik John, e yr b mun baarak an ka dugu in kn?
John my friend, what do you do as job in our village?

inikali uman! Ne ye yiriforow ni kungoyiri nafamaw lakanabaa Good question! I am a natural resource management volunteer.

wlntri ye.

N b baarak snklaw ni naktigiw f. N b ladilikan di mgw ma yirituru ni

I work with farmers and gardeners. I advice people on good ways of planting and

yiriw ladoncogo uman kan. N b dugu mgw dm yirishnw sr cogo nu turu

. taking care of the trees. I help people in finding tree seeds, planting seeds

cogo la ani ng ni ngdingw dilanni fana la. N b taa nakw ni forow kn tuma
and compost and making compost piles. I go to the fields and gardens from time

ni tuma ka kuma nin fnw kan.

to time to talk on these.

Amadu:

Ayiwa! Ne hakili la, n yi ka baara faamu sisan. Ala ki dm.

Okay! I think, I understand your job now. May god help you.

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Te wulicogo
How to make tea

Wulifnw/Ingredients te
tea leaves

sukaro
sugar

nanaye
mint

ji
water

Teminnw/Tools barada
tea pot

furun
stove

finfin
charcoal

wriw
glasses

pilato
plate

Wulicogo/The processes N'i b te wuli, i b fl ka: To make tea, first: 1- Tasuma aga, o k i b te k barada kn.
Light the fire, then put tea in the tea pot.

2- I b ji wri naani ni tila k'a la.

Put four glass of water and half in it.

3- O k i b barada sigi tasuma kan. I b'a wuli miniti bisaba kn.

Then put the tea pot on the fire and boil it for half an hour.

4- Tuma kelen kelen, i b'a jigin ka teji k barada wr kn.

From time to time pour it in the other tea pot.

5- O k, i b sukaro k'a la. I b sr k'a suuru wriw kn walasa ka sukaro yelen teji la.
After that put sugar in it in the second tea pot and pour it in the glasses to it mixt up.

6- O k, i b'a nn ni sukaro y'a b. I b teji ylma barada kn tuguni.

Then you taste it if there is enough sugar.

7- I b'a kalaya dni.

Heat the mixture a little bit.

8- Mg caman b teji d to wri kelen kn walasa ka musi dila n'o ye wri tw kn.
Lot of people make foams with the glasses

9- I b tila ka wriw k sananko.

Clean the external side of the glasses.

10- Te mana kalaya dni, i b'a tila wriw ni gn c k'a di mgw ma.
When it gets warm then serve it.

11- Segin b k ni kan fo si saba.

We do the same processes for all the three rounds.

12- Si fila tw la i b se ka nanaye k'a la.

You can also add mint in it.

13- Temugu ni ji hak b ylma mgw hak ksn.

The quantity of water an tea leaves depends on the number of peple drinking tea.

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Communicative Task: SIGIYR KUNNAFONNIW

GETTING INFORMED ABOUT ONES AREA
NSANA PROVERB Dugu bila ka fisa lada wuli ye! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

DIALOG
Musa: John: Musa: John: Musa: John: Eh! John, i ni faama! Musa, i ni waati. I b di?
Hey! John, Its been a long time! Musa, its while. How are you?

Alhamudulilayi! I b dugu jumn na sisan?

Thanks to God! In which village are you now?

N sigilen don Jitumu mara la, Keleya krf.

I am in Jitumu area, next to Keleya.

Keleya lamini duguw ye dugu krw ye.

The villages around Keleya are old villages.

Ti don! Dugutigi ko: ale ka dugu in tutig tuma mnna ksb. Thats true! The chief said: Its been a very long time they settled here. Dugu in sigira ka kn Tubabu fanga .
The village was settled before the white mens arrival.

Musa: John:

Ha! O ye dugu kr ye. Siya jumnw b yen?

Ha! Thats an old village. What are the ethnic groups there?

Siya caman. Bamananw ka ca ni siya tw ye Jitumu mara kn.

Lot of ethnic groups. Bambaras are more than the others in jitumu.

Fulaw ni Maninkaw fana sigilen b yen. Siginfw b sr yen, i na f Korokow,

Fulfuldes and malinkes are there too. Some immigrated like Korokos,

Marakaw, Krbrw, Dongnw ani siya wrw.

Sarakoles, Sonras, Dogons and others.

Musa: John:

O ye siya caman ye. I ye yen mgya kcogo b faamu ka ban?

Thats a lot of ethnic groups. Did you understand all the ways people behave?

Dni dni. Nka yirikurun mn o mn ji la, a t k bama ye.

Little by little. But as long as a piece of wood stays in water, it will never become a crocodile.

N b ka ladaw ni korw inin. I am still learning some customs. Musa: John: Ayiwa! O de ka i. Ala k'i dm. Okay! Thats good. May God help you. Amiina! K'an bn!
Amen! See you!

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Communicative Task: JAMA HAKILI JAKAB

LEADING A COMMUNITY MEETING
NSANA PROVERB Jkaf ye damu ye! Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately

DIALOG
John: Jeliba: John: A ni wula yankaw, an tilenna hr la, Ala kan si hr la.
Good afternoon people from here, we spend the day in peace, may we spend the night in peace.

Nba! A ni wula, aw bisimila! A ye d di.

Nba! Good afternoon, welcome! Say something.

Saha! An ma na baasi la, an ye Saniya baaraklaw ye.

Thanks! We arent here for wors, we are sanitation workers.

An nana walasa an b se ka hakilina falen falen dugu saniya cogo kan.

We are here to exchange ideas about the village sanitation.

Jeliba: Dugutigi: John: Amadu: Jeliba: Amadu: John:

Dugutigi, ayiwa kuma t! U ko, ku nana kan dm ka dugu saniya.

Dugutigi, so here is the topic! They said, theyre here to help us with the village sanitation.

Jeliba, a f dunanw ye: ku nali diyaran ye. Ku bisimila! Jeliba (Griotman), tell them we appreciate them being here. Welcome! Glya jumn b yan saniyako la? Ne b kuma inin. Kuma bi bolo, Amadu.
What are the sanitation problems here? I ask to talk. You have the floor (the speech) Amadou.

Ne hakili la, aman ani jingko glya de ban kan bi. I think we have problems with dirty water and trash here. Kuma na! Aw hakili la fr jumnw b se ka sr olu la?
Good! According to you what are the solutions for those?
(makan caman.) (noise)

Jeliba: Bakari:

A ye hakto, an ka gn lamn!

Please, lets listen one each other!

Baasi t, ne hakili la, ni b b se ka taa aman bn dugu kf yr kelen na,

Ok, for me, if every one can go put the trash behind the village in the same place

o b fisaya. Ani fana, an kan hakili to ji saniyali la.

That would be better. And also lets keep in mind water sanitation.

John:

Yankaw, anw hakili la, b ye famuya sr tnsigi in kn. We think, everyone has understood something about the meeting. Aw ni ce, aw ni baraji! Ala kan bn a gn wr ma. Sisan an ba f ka sira inin.
Thank you! May we meet again. Now we want to leave.

152

NSIIRIN: SUNGURUNNIN YE JN TA YE?

NSIIRIN

NAAMU !!!
N ya da kamalennin saba la!

Sungurunnin ye jn ta ye? Kamalennin saba tun b to ka k gn f. U nana sungurunnin kelen sr. D ko, An b taa yaala. Nan ye wari sr, an bna fini san ka don sungurunnin kan na. U taara yaalayaala. Dugalen tun b d f. Sabara tun b d f. Fura tun b d f. Tile dama tmnnen k, dugalentigi ya f ko: Ne b fillik n ka dugalen na. A ye fillik ka ye ko sugurunnin sara. A ko: Sugurunnin sara! Sabaratigi ko:A ye na sisan. An b j kan senw don sabara la. An bna se yen sisan, janko an bna sungurunnin su sr ka don. Furatigi ko: Nan sera yen sisan, a bna kunu. U jra ku senw don sabara la. U sera sungurunnin ka dugu la. Furatigi taara sungurunnin lakunu. A namayara kokura ka k mg ye. Dugalentigi ko kale ta don. Sabaratigi ko kale ta don. Furatigi ko kale ta don. O kamalennin saba la, sungurunnin ye jn ta ye?

N ya ta yr min, n ya bila yen!

Mamadou Kant

153

NSIIRIN: DOSOKR, BAKRNIN NI SAGAJIGIBA KA DUGUTAA.

NSIIRIN

NAAMU !!!
N ya da dosokr, bakrnin ni sagajigiba la!

Fl-fl, dosokr, bakrnin ni sagajigiba tun ka di ksb. Su tu fara, tlen tu fara. Don d, barosen f, bakrnin ya f t fila ye nu b se ka taa dunuya yaala walasa ka nafolo sr. O yrnin kelen na, u ye taamadon da. O don selen, u jra ka dugu taamobili kelen ta. U selen dugu fl min na, dosokr ko kale b jigin ye. A jiginna, ka wari di mobili bolila ma. Mobilitigi krt kojugu wulila ni mobili ye ka sr a ma warimisn segin dosokr ma. Dosokr bolila mobili k, ka kule ka ds. Mobilitigi ma j. A tgn fila dimina fo ka dama tmn. Dugu filanan na, bakrnin ko kale b jigin yen. Mobili j, bakrnin ye fi minn. A taara, a ma wari sara. Sagajigiba kelen tora mobili kn unuunu na. A yi miiri bakrnin ka kwale la. A ko kale b fr inin waasa a kana k somg sama ye nu sera dugu sabanan kn. Sow ni kungo c, sagajigiba ko kale sera. A jiginna, ka ka wari sara. A kale na don dugu kn hrnya la barisa mg ka juru tale la. Kabini o don fo bi: E dosokr t mobilitigi tmn t ye na ma kule o la! Bakrnin kegunya kojugu t j bolimafn ! Faa ye sagajigiba bila siraba kan taama na, a t sira bolifn , barisa maa ka juru ta la!

N ya ta yr min, n ya bila yen!

Mamadou Doudou NDOYE

154

NSIIRIN: KUNGOSOGOW KA DENKUNDI.

NSIIRIN

NAAMU !!!
N ya da suruguba ni sonsannin la!

Waraba muso jiginna. A ye kungosogow b fara gn kan denkundi la. U ko sogo b ka dnsen kelen kelen k. Ni min ta na, misi b di o tigi ma. Misi koflen, surukuba fora ka wuli kale fl b dnk. Suruku yi dn ki dn fo ka wsi. Waraba den ma yl, a ba ma yl. Suruku ka dn ma diya mg si ye. Knsogonin fana wulila. O fana yi dn. O ka dn diyara b ye. Waraba muso ylla ka yl. U b nison diyara. U ye misi di knsogonin ma. Misi dilen knsogonin ma tuma min na, surukuba girinna ka wuli, ko ale denk fl ye knsogonin ye. B ko: Ee! Suruku den b se dn na! A b se dn na! O klen tuma min na, knsogonin yi sigi. Waraba den kasira ko knsogonin ka wuli ka dnk tuguni. Knsogonin wulila, nka a dnkt sen cunna waraba den kan kan, ka faga. Waraba muso kulela ko ka knsogonin min. O flen, knsogonin ye kn min. U ma sr. Sonsannin ko: A ma ti! Ni knsogonin ma sr, a ya fa min. O flen, suruku kale den t! Barisa kn ni wara t kelen ye. Kama ba la, kama tale la. Knsogonin sen ye fila, sen naani bale suruku f. Mun yale ni knsogonin k kelen? Nu ka misi kama don, u b se ko min. Surukuba ya dn ka t cogo si la nale ma min. Suruku yu to mankan na ka fi min. A ye gngn wuli, ka bobilen kalanman seri waraba muso da la. U ye surukuba fana inin ka ds. Sonsannin tmt ye kr suruku bilen ye tu la. Sonsannin ko: Ee, n kr, e ni knsogonin t siya kelen, munna e bolila? Surukuba ya jaabi kale taalen, jn minna ale k.

N ya ta yr min, n ya bila yen!

155

NSIIRIN: BAMA NI FALI.

NSIIRIN

NAAMU !!!
N ya da bama ni fali la!

Don d bama bra ji la ka b taa i senna yaala. A taara fo yr jan. A segin tuma, a filila sira ma, a munumununa ka munumunu. A sgnnen taara i da jalasunba d kr. Fali nana se bama ma jalasunba kr. Fali kabakoyara, a ko bama ma: ! N dg mun yi se yan bi? Yan ni baji ka jan d! Bama ko fali ma: N kr ne yr t se ka foyi f nin ko in na bilen. N taara n senna yaala, n tununna, n ta dn n b segin so cogo o cogo. Fali ko a b taa so tuma min, bama ya f a ye n kr, kana nin k ne na, i b taa cogodi ka ne to yan? I ba laj ka n lase bada la. Fali ko t baasi ye; a grla bama la, bama ylnna fali k la. U selen dankan na fali ko bama ka jigin nga bama ya f fali ye ka ki jija ka se na ye ji cmanc la. U selen ji cmanc la bama jiginna, a yi da fa fali ksen na o yr b. Fali ko a ma: Aah e jo don, ne de jalaki don. Bama ya jaabi: I kra jalakitigi ye o, i kra jotigi ye o, nin si t ne ka sira ye, ne b e dun bi. Ku to kuma na nsonzanin nana; a ko: n kr fali! Fo ji cmanc la tan! Mun kra? Fali ya jaabi ko: Ne uman kt de klen b kara ye ne da la. Bama tununna, ne ya dm ka na ji la. A selen ji la, a ye ne min ka b ne dun. Nsonzanin yi min ki kanto fali ma yr jan f: N kr fali, i t se ki puruti wa? Fali ko: N b se k! Fali yi pan ka bama tan a da la fo ka bama ylma a k kan. Fali bolila ka taa so.
Ni ye maa min ka sumun furak, o bi ka tigasi imi. N ya ta yr min, n ya bila yen!

156