THE ROMANIAN MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS FOR LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION

Contents for the 5th grade

! Nat"ra# N"$%ers
Reading and writing natural numbers, the sequence of the natural numbers. Representation on the real axis, comparing and ordering. Operating with natural numbers: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division (exact and with a remainder) Divisibilit b !", # and $. Odd and even numbers. %olving and composing equations, inequations and problems that use natural numbers. &owers of natural numbers, using natural numbers as exponents. 'omparing and ordering powers. Operating with powers, rules(optional lesson) (he decimal number s stem (rue and false sentences. )*o+, )or+, and+, )if,then+ %ets, N and N-, the set of integer negative numbers, &, representing integer numbers on the real axis %ubsets. Operating with sets: union, intersection, relative complement .inite and infinite sets.

'! Rat(ona# N"$%ers

.ractions, proper and improper fractions. /qual and equivalent fractions %implif ing and amplif ing fractions, rational number, bringing fractions to a common denominator 0dding and subtracting fractions. 'omparing fractions.

'alculating a fraction of a fraction. (he decimal form of the fractions that have powers of !" as denominators, comparing and ordering decimal numbers, representation on the real axis, approximating them. 0ddition and subtraction. 1ultiplication, powers. Division, periodical decimal fractions. %olving and composing equations, inequations and problems that use fractions. (he arithmetic mean of two or more numbers. Ratios and percents. (he set of rational numbers ).

*! +eo$etr, and Meas"r(ng Un(ts

2eometric shapes: drawing, observation. 2eometric instruments, measuring the sides and the angles. &arallel and perpendicular lines. %olid shapes: describing and observation. 3ength measurement , units conversion. &erimeters. %urfaces measurement, conversions, the surface of a rectangle and of a square, equivalent surfaces. 4olumes measurement , conversions, the volume of a rectangular prism and of a cube. 'apacit units conversion, units conversion. 1ass measurement, units conversion. (ime measurement, units conversion.

Contents for the -th grade

AL+EBRA ! Nat"ra# N"$%ers
Divisibilit : definitions, criteria for divisibilit b !", #, $ and 5. &roperties. &rime and composite numbers, factori6ation of a natural number. 'ommon divisors, the greatest common divisor, relativel prime numbers. 'ommon multiples, the smallest common multiple.

'! .os(t(/e Rat(ona# N"$%ers

7a s of writing a rational number. Representation b a drawing or on the real axis. 0ddition, subtraction, multiplication and division of positive rational numbers. /quations.

*! Rat(os and .ro0ort(ons

Ratios. &roportions: the fundamental propert , finding the missing number in a proportion. &ercents, problem solving. Direct and inverse proportionalit 8 the rule of three. Data organi6ation and probabilities.

1! Integer N"$%ers
Definition, representing them on the real axis, opposite numbers, absolute value. 'omparing and ordering integer numbers. 9nteger coordinates. 0ddition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Divisors and multiples of integer numbers. &owers of an integer number (with natural numbers as exponents). Operating with powers, rules %olving equations and inequations in &!

+EOMETRY ! +eo$etr(2 F(g"res and So#(d Sha0es

2eometric instruments. 2eometric shapes and solid shapes: intuitive presentation. 9dentification of geometric shapes on :nown solid shapes.

'! L(nes
&oints, lines, planes, halfplanes, line segments. (wo lines: positions. Distance between two points. 'ongruent figures. 'ongruent line segments, the midpoint.

*! Ang#es
Definition, parts, classification 1easuring and drawing angles. 'ongruent angles. 0cute, right and obtuse angles. Operating with angle measures. 0d;acent angles, bisector. 'omplementar and supplementar angles. Opposite angles. 0ngles around a point.

1! Tr(ang#es
Definition, t pes, perimeter. Drawing of triangles, different situations. 'riteria for congruent triangles: %0%, 0%0 and %%%. (he method of congruent triangles.

5! .er0end(2"#ar(t,
&erpendicular lines, the distance from a point to a line. 'onstruction and congruence of right triangles. &erpendicular bisector: construction, properties. 0ngle bisector: construction, properties.

-! .ara##e# L(nes
Definition, construction. &arallels< axiom. 'riteria for parallel lines.

3! Tr(ang#es4 .ro0ert(es
(he sum of the angles. /xternal 0ngle. (he height of a triangle, the area of a triangle. 1edian of a triangle, properties. 3ine of s mmetr . &roperties of the isosceles and the equilateral triangle.

5! )"adr(#atera#s
Definition, t pes of quadrilaterals. %um of the angles. &arallelograms: definition, properties %pecial t pes of parallelograms.

Contents for the 3th grade

AL+EBRA ! Sets
Definition, membership, equalit , subsets. Operating with sets: union, intersection, relative complement, cartesian product.

'! Integer N"$%ers

(he integer numbers set: representation on the real axis, operating with integer numbers, Divisibilit /quations, inequations

*! Rat(ona# N"$%ers
Definition, ), representing them on the real axis, opposite numbers, absolute value. N is included in & and & is included in )! 7riting rational numbers as common or decimal fractions. 0ddition and subtraction of rational numbers. 'omparing rational numbers. 1ultiplication, division. &owers with integer numbers as exponents. Operating rules for powers. /quation and problem solving. Ratios, proportions, percents, sequences of equal ratios. 0rithmetic mean and weighted arithmetic mean.

1! Rea# N"$%ers
(he square root of a perfect square number. (he square root of a rational number. (he algorithm. 9rrational numbers: examples,
# as an irrational number, the real numbers set,

absolute value, representation on the real axis. 1ultiplication and division of square roots. /xtracting and introducing factors. 2eometric mean.

5! A#ge%ra(2 Ca#2"#at(ons
'alculations with real numbers represented b letters. 0lgebraic formulas (a = b)#, (a > b)#, (a = b= c)#, (a = b)(a > b) .actori6ation of an expression /quation x#?a, a ? rational number

-! Data Organ(6at(on
Orthogonal axes and using them in solving simple geometr problems. .unctional dependenc : tables, diagrams and graphs. &robabilities.

3! E7"at(ons and S,ste$s of E7"at(ons

(he equalit in R! 3inear equations. /quivalent equations. 9nequations. /quations with two variables. /quations s stems: two equations containing two variables. %olving problems using equations, inequations and equations s stems.

+EOMETRY ! Re/(e8 and Co$0#et(on of the .re/(o"s 9no8#edge

Opposite angles. 'ongruent triangles. 9mportant lines in a triangle. &arallelograms, rectangles, rhombus, squares. % mmetr . (rape6oids: t pes, isosceles trape6oid and its properties. 0reas of triangles and quadrilaterals. 3ateral and total areas of solid shapes.

'! S($(#ar Tr(ang#es

&roportional line segments (hales< theorem and its converse. (he medial line (the line segment between two sides< midpoints), in a triangle and in a trape6oid. (he gravit center. %imilar triangles. %imilarit criteria.

*! Metr(2 Re#at(ons (n a R(ght Tr(ang#e

Orthogonal pro;ections. @eight and catheti theorems (he & thagorean theorem and it converse. (rigonometr : trigonometric functions, Asolving+ a right triangle. 0reas of triagles and quadrilaterals: formulas.

1! The C(r2#e
Definition, elements: radius, diameter, arcs, chords, the dis: etc. 'entral angles and their measure, congruent arcs. 'hords and arcs. &roperties. 9nscribed angles. 9nscribed triangle and quadrilateral. Regular pol gons: construction and elements. 0 line and a circle: tangents from one point to a circle. 'ircumscribed triangle. (wo circles.

/lements of a regular pol gon: equilateral triangle, square, regular hexagon (side, apothem, radius, area, perimeter). 3ength of a circle<s circumference, length of an arc, area of a dis:, area of a circular sector.

Contents for the 5th grade

AL+EBRA ! Rea# N"$%ers
N: &: ): R. .orms of writing a real number. Representation on the real axis, absolute value, intervals. Intervals union and intersection. Operating with irrational numbers. 'alculations with real numbers represented b letters. 0lgebraic formulas (a = b)#, (a > b)#, (a = b= c)#, (a = b)(a > b) .actori6ation of an expression. Rational fractions.

'! F"n2t(ons
Definition. .unctions with finite domains, given b graphs. 3inear functions8 graphs. .irst degree functions on subsets of R; graphs! diagrams, tables, formulas,

*! E7"at(ons
/quations of the t pe: ax = b ? ", a, b ? real numbers. /quations of the t pe: ax = b = c ? ", a,b,c ? real numbers. /quations s stems: two equations containing two variables. &roblem solving using equations and s stems. %econd grad equations. &roblems using them. 9nequations.

+EOMETRY ! .o(nts: L(nes and .#anes

%olid shapes: description, drawing, observation, unfolding. &oints, lines and planes. 7a s to uniquel determine lines and planes. (he tetrahedron, the p ramid. (wo lines and their positions. (he axiom of parallels8 parallel lines in space. 0ngles with respectivel parallel sides8 the angle of two lines in space8 perpendicular lines. 0 line and a plane8 their positions. 0 line perpendicular to a plane. &oint,plane distance. (he height of a p ramid. Symmetry. (wo planes and their positions. &arallel planes8 plane,plane distance. &risms8 height8 right prism8 oblique prism. 'ross,sections in solid shapes8 truncated p ramid.

'! Orthogona# .ro<e2t(ons on .#anes

&ro;ections of points, line, line segments. 3ine,plane angle8 pro;ection<s length. (he )5,perpendiculars+ theorem8 the point,line distance. Dihedral angles8 perpendicular planes. &roblems including distances and angles onBin the solid shapes.

*! S"rfa2e Area and =o#"$e of So#(d Sha0es

(he regular prism (base?equilateral triangle, square or regular hexagon) (he regular p ramid (same base). (he truncated regular p ramid (same base). (he right c linder: description, unfolded surface, sections, surface areas, volume. (he right cone: description, unfolded surface, sections, surface areas, volume. (he truncated right cone: description, unfolded surface, sections, surface areas, volume. (he sphere: description, surface area, volume.