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ACHIEVING COMPETENCE IN

PREPARING/INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING

IDENTIFYING DIFFERENT KINDS OF


TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

This is the first of the modular series produced by the


Jacobo Z. Gonzales Memorial School of Arts and Trades –
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
Region IV-A

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 1 of 17
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Content Page Number

I. LEARNING GUIDE OVERVIEW ........................................................................ 3


II. HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE ............................................................................... 4
III. LEARNING ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................... 5
IV. INFORMATION SHEET 1: TYPES OF DRAWINGS, VIEWS AND PERSPECTIVES
A. CATEGORIES OF DRAWINGS .................................................................... 6
B. VIEWS AND PERSPECTIVES ..................................................................... 8
INFORMATION SHEET 2: TYPES OF DRAWING PROJECTIONS
C. PICTORIAL DRAWING ............................................................................... 11
D. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS ............................................................ 12
V. SELF CHECK 1 ................................................................................................ 10
SELF-CHECK 2 ................................................................................................ 13
VI. ANSWER KEYS ......................................................................................... 14-15
VII. RECORD OF COMPETENCE .......................................................................... 17

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 2 of 17
LEARNING GUIDE OVERVIEW
The entire world depends upon technical drawings to convey the ideas that feed
today’s industrialized society. Architectural, structural, electric, electronic, machine,
plumbing, and piping drawings are all forms of mechanical/technical drawings. When
rendering technical drawings, accuracy, neatness, technique, and speed in execution are
essential. Inaccurate drawings could be worthless or lead to costly errors.
In this learning material, the students should be able to identify the different types of
drawings, views, perspectives, and drawing projections.
Competencies will be demonstrated by completing the self-checks and the unit test
with a minimum score of 75 percent.

OBJECTIVES When you have successfully completed the learning activities in this
material, you will be able to:
1. Identify the different types of drawings, views and
perspectives
2. Identify different types of drawing projections

CONTENTS This learning material includes the following:


1. Types of drawings, views and perspectives
2. Types of drawing projections

PRE-REQUISITES The completion of this learning material requires you to have a basic
understanding of:

If you are unfamiliar with any of the above concepts, work


on________ before working on this learning guide.

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 3 of 17
HOW TO USE THIS LEARNING GUIDE
This Learning Guide will lead you through a series of activities which will require you to work
at your own pace. These activities will ask you to complete associated learning and practice
activities in order to gain the knowledge and skills you need to achieve the learning
objectives stated earlier.

Refer to Learning Activity Page to know the sequence of learning tasks to undergo and the
appropriate resources to use in each task. This page will serve as your road map towards
the achievement of objectives.

Read the information sheets. This will give you an understanding of the work, and why
things are done the way they are.

Complete the activities as directed in the activity/practice sheets. These will test your
knowledge and give you practice of doing the tasks involved. Performance criteria for
assessing practical exercise are shown to guide you in undertaking the practical exercises.
Always be aware of safety requirements highlighted in this material. Ask for clearance in
using some tools and equipment. Should you require some assistance and clarification,
consult your trainer or facilitator. They should be available anytime you need them.

Answer self-checks found in each section of the learning guide. Do not write anything on
this learning guide; provide separate sheets for your answers. Self-checks will let you know
how you are going. To know how you fared with self checks, review the answer keys found
at the end of the learning guide.

When you had completed all the tasks required in this learning guide, an assessment
exercise will be given to evaluate if you are already competent with the specified learning
outcomes in and ready for the next task. .If you feel ready for the assessment, consult the
facilitator.

A record of competency is provided on the last page to reflect how much of the required
assessment criteria have been met.

You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this learner’s
guide. Talk to your trainer about having them formally recognized. If you have qualification or
certificate of competence from previous training, show it to your trainer. If the skills you
acquired are still current and relevant to the unit of competency they may become part of the
evidence you can present for Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL). If you are not sure
about the accuracy of your skills, discuss it with your trainer.

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 4 of 17
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
In order to accomplish the objectives stated in this leaning guide, you must perform
the learning steps below. Beside each step are the resources or special instructions you will
use to accomplish the corresponding activity.

RESOURCES/SPECIFIC
LEARNING STEPS
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Student will ask the instructor of the 1. Instructor will provide the learning
materials to be used materials in Identifying Different Kinds of
Technical Drawing

2. Read: Information Sheet No. 1 2. Information Sheet No 1: Types of


Drawings, views and Perspectives

3. Answer: Self Check 1 3. Self Check: Types of Drawings, views


and Perspectives

4. Read: Information Sheet No. 2 4. Information Sheet No. 2: Types of


Drawing Projection

5. Answer: Self Check 2 5. Self Check 2: Types of Drawing


Projection

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 5 of 17
INFORMATION SHEET NO: 1

TYPES OF DRAWINGS, VIEWS AND PERSPECTIVES


A. Categories of Drawings

This introduces the five common categories of drawings. They are:


1. Piping and instrument drawings (P&IDs)
2. Electrical single lines and schematics
3. Electronic diagrams and schematics
4. Logic diagrams and prints
5. Fabrication, construction, and architectural drawings

1. Piping and Instrument Drawings (P&IDs)


• present functional information about a system or component
ex. piping layout
flowpaths
pumps
valves
instruments
signal modifiers controllers
• do not have a drawing scale
• present only the relationship or
sequence between
• present information on how a system
functions, not the actual physical
relationships
Figure 1. Example of P&ID
2. Electrical Single Lines and Schematics
a. Electrical Single Line
• designed to present functional information
about the electrical design of a system or
component
• provide the same types of information about
electrical systems that P&IDs provide for
piping and instrument systems
• electrical prints are not usually drawn to scale
Examples of electrical single line are site or
building power distribution, system power
distribution, motor control centers

Figure 2. Example of Single-line

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 6 of 17
b. Electrical Schematics
• provide a more detailed level of information
about an electrical system or component
• present information such as the individual
relays, relay contacts, fuses, motors, lights,
and instrument sensors
Examples of typical schematics are valve
actuating circuits, motor start circuits, and
breaker circuits

Figure 3. Example of Schematic

3. Electronic Diagrams and Schematics


• present information about the individual
components (resistors, transistors, and
capacitors) used in a circuit, as illustrated in
Figure 4
• used by circuit designers and electronics
repair personnel

Figure 4. Example of Schematic Diagram

4. Logic Diagrams and Prints


• depict several types of information
• provide a simplified functional
representation of an electrical circuit,
as illustrated in Figure 10
• do not replace schematics, but they
are easier to use for certain
applications

Figure 5. Example of Logic Print


5. Fabrication, Construction, and Architectural Drawings
• present the detailed information required to construct or fabricate a part, system,
or structure
• construction drawings/ blueprint drawings present the detailed information
required to assemble a structure on site

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 7 of 17
• architectural drawings present information about the conceptual design of the
building or structure
• fabrication drawings are found in machine shops and provide the necessary
detailed information for a craftsman to fabricate a part
• drawn to scale

Figure 6. Example of a Fabrication Drawing

B. Views and Perspectives


In addition to the different drawing formats, there are different views or perspectives
in which the formats can be drawn. The most commonly used are the orthographic projection
and the isometric projection.

1. Orthographic Projections
• widely used for fabrication
and construction type
drawings, as shown in Figure
16
• present the component or
system through the use of
three views:
o top view
o side view
o front view

Figure 7. Orthographic Projection


• drawn to scale and shows all components in their proper relationships to each
other

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 8 of 17
• contain information that is necessary to fabricate or construct the component or
system

Figure 8. Orthographic Projection

2. Isometric Projection
• single view of the component or system
• view is commonly from above and at an angle of 30°
• more realistic three dimensional view
• this view makes it easier to see how the system looks and how its various
portions or parts are related to one another
• may or may not be drawn to a scale

Figure 9. Example of an Isometric

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 9 of 17
SELF- CHECK NO. 1
Check your mastery in identifying different kinds of technical drawing by completing the
tasks below.
IDENTIFICATION. Identify the kind of technical drawing shown below by writing your answer
on the space provided.

1.______________________________

3. 3. ___________________________

2.______________________________
4.___________________________

5.____________________________

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 10 of 17
INFORMATION SHEET NO: 2

TYPES OF DRAWING PROJECTIONS


A. Pictorial Drawing
The pictorial drawings are non-specific but provide visualization. They can be
subdivided further into perspective, axonometric and oblique projections. In pictorial
projections, an object is represented as it is seen in 3D but on 2D paper.

Types of Pictorial Drawing

a. Axonometric Drawing- A type of pictorial with each of the three planes and axes at
any angle and not equal to 90°. The three types of axonometric drawing are as
follows:
1. Isometric – A type of axonometric drawing with each of the three planes and axes
equal to each other
2. Dimetric – A type of axonometric drawing with two planes on equal axes to each
other and a third plane of a different angle
3. Trimetric – A type of axonometric drawing with all three planes and axes not
equal to each other

Figure 100. Types of axonometric drawing

b. Oblique Drawing - A type of pictorial drawing with front plane true size and parallel to
frontal plane, the other two at any angle to the front. The two types of oblique
drawing are as follows:
1. Cavalier – A type of oblique drawing with all axis lines drawn at the same scale
2. Cabinet – A type of oblique drawing with the depth axis drawn half scale and the
other axis lines drawn full scale

Figure 11. Oblique drawing of a bearing kit

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 11 of 17
c. Perspective Drawing - A perspective drawing is the most used method of
presentation used in technical illustrations in the commercial and architectural fields.
The drawn objects appear proportionately smaller with distance, as they do when you
look at the real object (see Fig. 12). It is difficult to draw, and since the drawings are
drawn in diminishing proportion to the edges represented, they cannot be used to
manufacture an object.

Figure 112. Perspective drawing

B. Orthographic Projections

Orthographic Projection is a way of drawing an object from different directions.


Usually, front, side and top views are drawn so that a person looking at the drawing can see
all the important sides. Orthographic drawings are useful especially when a design has been
developed to a stage whereby it is almost ready to manufacture.
Orthographic projections can be subdivided into first and third angle projections. The
difference between the two is how the object is projected and the position of the views on the
drawing.

a. Third Angle Projections- Third-angle projection is used in the United States and
Canada. The projection plane is considered to be between the viewer and the object,
and the views are projected forward to that plane. The top view appears above the
front view, the right-side view is to the right of the front view, the left view to the left of
the front view, and so on.

Figure 13. Views are projected forward in third-angle projection

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 12 of 17
b. First Angle Projections- Most European countries use first-angle projection. In first-
angle projection, the projection plane is on the far side of the object from the viewer.
The views of the object are projected to the rear and onto the projection plane
instead of being projected forward.

Figure 14. Views are projected backward in first-angle projection

Carefully study the symbols shown below. Normally when drawing in first or third-
angle projection a symbol is drawn underneath that clearly shows which angle of projection
has been used.

Figure 15. Symbol for first-angle and third-angle projection

The final arrangements of the views are shown in the drawing below. Notice how the
symbol for first angle orthographic projection has been added to the drawing.

Figure 16. Symbol for first-angle projection has been added to the drawing

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 13 of 17
SELF- CHECK NO. 2
Check your mastery in types of drawing projections by completing the tasks below.
I. Multiple Choice. Write only the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. A type of axonometric drawing with each of the three planes and axes equal to each
other.
a. Isometric drawing
b. Dimetric drawing
c. Trimetric drawing
2. A type of pictorial drawing with front plane true size and parallel to frontal plane, the
other two at any angle to the front.
a. Axonometric drawing
b. Oblique drawing
c. Perspective drawing
3. A type of drawing used in technical illustrations in the commercial and architectural
fields.
a. Axonometric drawing
b. Oblique drawing
c. Perspective drawing
4. A type of pictorial with each of the three planes and axes at any angle and not equal
to 90°
a. Axonometric drawing
b. Oblique drawing
c. Perspective drawing

II. Fill in the Blanks. Supply the following statements with the missing term to complete its
thought.

5. Orthographic drawing is a way of drawing an object from different


______________.
6. The difference between first-angle and third-angle projection is how the object is
projected and the ________________ of the views on the drawing.
7. In _______________ projection, the projection plane is considered to be between
the viewer and the object, and the views are projected forward to that plane.
8. The views in ________________ projection, the projection plane is on the far
side of the object from the viewer.
9-10. Identify the symbol of first and third-angle projection

a. ________________ b. _______________

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 14 of 17
ANSWER KEY NO. 1
Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right, refer back to
corresponding resources until you make it perfect.

1. Logic Diagrams and Prints


2. Fabrication Drawing
3. Electrical Schematics
4. Piping and Instrument Drawing
5. Schematic Diagram

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 15 of 17
ANSWER KEY NO. 2
Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right, refer back to
corresponding resources until you make it perfect.

I.
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. A
II.
5. Directions
6. Position
7. Third angle Projection
8. First angle Projection
9. a. First angle Projection

b. Third angle Projection

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 16 of 17
RECORD OF COMPETENCE

Below are your assessment ratings:

ASSESSMENT /PERFORMANCE
CRITERIA YES NO
1. Correct technical drawing
selected according to job
requirements

2. Technical drawings segregated


in accordance with the types
and kinds of drawings

Version No.: 2
Prepare/Interpret Technical Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 17 of 17

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