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Budapest University of Technology and Economics

Department of Mechanics, Materials and Structures English courses Reinforced Concrete Structures Code: BMEEPSTK601 Lecture no. 4:

Plastic design of continuous beams

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Content: 1. Methods of determination of the distribution of moments in continuous beams 2. Plastic moment redistribution in continuous beams 3. The simplified plastic analysis of continuous beams proposed by Steven Menyhrd: the method of substitutive loading Conditions of the application 4. Another simple way of determining moment distribution 5. Specific case: equal spans, constant uniformly distributed load 6. Reinforcement systems used by detailing of continuous beams 7. Some special design problems by detailing of continuous beams 8. Numerical example

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1. Methods of determination of the moment distribution in continuous beams The moment distribution can be determined by applying elastic methods (moment distribution method, tabulated formulae, force method etc.), or plastic methods (for example plastic limit of equilibrium). For section design we need extreme values of moments and shear forces.When using elastic methods, the extreme values are determined from different loading scheemes: pmin pmax pmin=gd pmax= gd+qd

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2. Plastic moment redistribution in continuous beams Reason of moment redistribution: plastic rotation occures above intermediate supports:

Plastic curvatures along lpl concentrated in rotation of the plastic hinge above support B: pl = meanl pl Mpl: redistribution moments Precondition of moment redistribution: the rotation capacity without failure of the concrete.
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To increase the deformation capacity: xc at plastic hinges (above intermediate supports) must be limited. Difference in plastic behavior of rc slabs and beams: Slabs: c=xc/d is small deformability, plastic rotation capacity is greater Beams: c=xc/d is greater deformability, plastic rotation capacity is limited, may be necessary to check by moment redisttribution (or limitation of xc is necessary) Curvature: = tan =

c + s

d If xc is smaller at rupture (c=3,5%o), the curvature is greater

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3. The simplified plastic analysis of continuous beams proposed by Steven Menyhrd in the 1950-ies: the method of substitutive loading

1 , p0 = g + q0 1 + (ml tl2 + mr t r2 ) 4 q q l l ml = l mr = r tl = l tr = r q0 q0 l0 l0 If 0,8 tl, tr , ll, lr 1,25, then:


ml tl2=1 and mr tr2=1 can be substituted:
o

p = g + 1,5q0
, 0

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Value of the substitutive loading: self-weight plus variable load increased by 50% in all spans* and total loading on cantilevers, that is: pdi= gd,i + 1,5qdi on the spans pd= gd + 1,0qd on cantilever(s)

In the above expressions: g d,i = G,i g ki and qd,i = Q,i qki . When substitutive loading is applied, no loading schemes are to be investigated

According to the Hungarian Standard, in case of beams with monolithic joints at supports 25% increase is enough

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Conditions to be fulfilled: - the beam is supported by hinged supports and loaded by uniformly distributed load - 0,8 li / li+1 1,25 where li and li+1 are any two neighbouring spans - 0,8 pdi / pd,i+1 1,25 where pd,i=gd,i+qd,i - qdi2gdi The procedure below can only be applied if the plastic deformation capacity of the sections above intermediate supports is assured. Limits of c way of checking the rotation capacity no check needed(case of slabs in general) c 0,2 c 0,36 simplified check otherwise detailed check is necessary

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4. Another simple way of determining moment distribution in continuous beams

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5. Specific case: equal spans, constant uniformly distributed load Moment distribution in case of equal spans l and throughout constant uniformly distributed load (without cantilever)

Value of the substitutive loading: : p=gd+1,5qd Moments in the first and last spans and above intermediate supports: M+ = M-= pdl2/11,6 Positive moments in the interior spans: M+= M+/2 = pdl2/23,2
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6. Reinforcement systems used by detailing of continuous beams a) Use of bent-up bars b) Straight bars + links

top bottom ,,mustache,, bar

overlap length: longer, if the steel is designed to work for compression

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7. Some special design problems by detailing of continuous beams little gaps between bars concreteing? 2nd phase 1st phase of concreting

solution

Anchorage length of bent-up bars in tension and compression zone respectively:

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8. Numerical example Determine the design value of the moments of the floor slab given on the plan below, if gk= 8 kN/m2 and qk= 3 kN/m2! Stuctural plan of a floor (lookout of the floor construction as seen from below)

h =180 mm

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Solution:

leff = 5,00 + 2

pd = 1,35 8 + 1,5 3 = 10,8 + 4,5 = 15,3 kN/m2


, pd = 10,8 + 1,5 4,5 = 17,55 kN/m2

0,18 = 5,18 m 2

17,55 5,182 M Ed , B = = = 40,6 kNm 11,6 11,6 MEd,span=MEd,B=40,6 kNm

, 2 pd leff

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