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Akfl isyjfjlf
Akfl isyjfjlf
kiepajs k_fj;amof Fxjyaaf
Akfl isyjfjlf
kiepajs k_fj;amof Fxjyaaf wiyspqG ~ Fjkfkspaf ]aohqglf Kzashfhaulf, jufuaT 641305 elgfGhfhadyplf, ejaplfhkfKzaf 98420 27383 98425 50987 Atma Vilakam
by Thavayogi Thangarasan Adigal
Published by Sri Agathiar Gnana Peedam Thooripalam, Kallar 641305 Methupalaiyam Coimbatore 98420 27383 98425 50987
wha:ygjfjlf
w<jofoak Mialsjyf ia[fdj JtshfH .................... 10 mskf;LkfK Fxjyaaf ia[fdj JtshfH ....................... 13 kiepajs k_fj;amof Fxjyaaf ia[fdj JtshfH ...... 16 LofOd; ................................................................. 21
]aolf ........................................................... 25
]ao ia[fI .................................................. 28 ]ao laafjfjlf ............................................ 31 ]aolf whTlf i[sLdtjyf .......................... 32
Aofla .......................................................... 37
AofflaIlf Fkof AtftUlf .......................... 38 Aofl wkysI ............................................... 40 Aofl ]aolf ................................................ 46 losk Akfla.................................................. 49 <qiakfla h;alakfla..................................... 54
wlpfhfwha:yf .............................................. 58
Sdtiof Wofhiof paaf? .............................. 64 msius_fjlf ...................................................... 65 msimjfks .......................................................... 66 Dpsuf mjfks .................................................... 67 <qiof ............................................................. 68
lolf .............................................................. 71
h;sMkfk lolf ................................................. 97 wiyslolf ..................................................... 97 Dyflolf..................................................... 100 lolf WofOlf lap vgfMljf j:is ............. 101 lolf Hkfks Fj_fja;lf mskfklf ....................... 106 Dbafmfms DbafI lolf ................................ 109
5 6
7 8 9
10 11
12 13
SofHtfT ia[ Dguf nulf ehBkuf ........ 206 epajlf ........................................................ 214
Fgfga_fj epajlf ....................................... 216 Spllf ......................................................... 218 nspllf .......................................................... 218 Amolf ........................................................ 220 hs;abpallf ................................................ 222
14 15
w<jofoak Mialsjyf
Snfkspaisuf jufjkfkaisuf FGkfK ^as Woft Xasuf 1814 Alf AbfG dk lakkfksuf hstnfkaaf. kofOdgp 18iK ipksuf msgfgja_f, hafladi wmoftdgnfkaaf. hsof klK 30iK ipksuf kapfuanfK i[spaj luapa infkdgnfkaaf. luapaisuf wjga Feua|fgaasUlf
11
u_fjaispsUlf, eh;ajf wkUjf AofmosUlf hu AbfGjyf kilf wmpfK STkspaj eh;ajf kahfha njasuf Dyfy mqokfK lpaolf F:jsuf JxdmpsgfG 75 AbfGjyaj ki ia[fdj ia[fnfkaaf. Mialsjyff ksaseuaj m]fmaas. luapaisuf hu D:ikfksuf hu Xafjysuf F_fj_fej jagfms wjaGkfkaaf. MialsjYjfJ 3 mqgafjyf S:nfkoaf - iqliaf (Snfekaosmspa), mskf;LkfK Fxjyf (kls[fnaG), mkfpaonfka (luapa). S;alus_fj Fxjyaaf hsthfhktfJ 9 i:g_fjYjfJ LofH hstnfk w<jofoakaf S;alus_fj Fxjyad;jf J:iajjf wjabfG Fiaf ks:D:ihf hgkfdk i[shgfG infkaaf. Mialsjyf kaof mlaks FdgphfehaJlf nayf JtshfhsgfG cofT lak_fjYjfJ Lofeh Dgof S:hfeha:jfJ kjiuf wkasiskfKisgfgaaf.
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Fkofhx mlaksjf jgfxg eidujyf Kijfjhfhgfgo. kofOdgp ejaib_fjyf, kbfbqaf JxjfJlf wjagfga_fJmfms, Amohfhudj, m_fJ, hak;gfdm, kaof i[shgfG infk S;alus_fj Fxjyaaf hglf Sdijdy mlaksjfJyf dikfKisg eibfGlf WofT whaofOmals elmoaasglf rtsoaaf. S;alus_fj Fxjyaaf ldtIjfJhf hsofOlf 85 i:glf ia[fnfK 25.1.1959 Alf ekkspsuf dkhf^mlf FofT Fksjadu 4.30lbsjfJ S;alus_fj Fxjyf mlakspao Fek dkhf^mkfkofT ^;bmlaks mlakspdgnfkaaf.
13
mskf;LkfK Fxjyf
1900 Alf AbfG Ehf;uf laklf maafias i:glf mskfksd; Lkuf nayf Hkof js[dl S;alnakH;lf laigfglf hdojfJylf F:jsuf hstnfkaaf.
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Siaf msTipksuf V: whbfbsglf mqos wjaG WofT ejgfj isdypaxjf wjabfx:nfk Fhf whbf lbfdb WGkfK wjaGjfj Si:lf djpsuf Fkdo ia_fj FK majfjd;paj latspK. F_fjay ekis Flflof mnfnskspsuf paIlf h;wiyspajs h;]femakslplaj ekatftlyskfkdkhf Fhfhaufp ipksuf jbfgaaf. Fxjfjx mjm mlaks wha:nfks jqe[ is{nfK isGiaaf. 1922 Alf AbfG Siaf luapa naG infkdgnfkaaf. AT AbfGjyf j[skfK 1928 Alf AbfG kapfnaG ks:lfhsoaaf. 1929 Suf msijals Flfdldp lbnfkaaf. hstJ lThxPlf kosep luapa infkdgnfkaaf. FhfehaK w<jofoak Mialsjyauf Si:jfJ kqgfdm k;hfwhtftK. hsofoaf kapfnaG ks:lfhs lThxPlf 1940 Suf luapa infkdgnfkaaf. mskf;LkfK Fxjyf 1947 Suf kapfnaG ks:hfhspKlf F[jofJylf Woft Xasuf F:wyays lglf nsTis ldois ljdo kiwnts k{imf wmpfkaaf. Fxjyaaf moflaafjfj ehakdojdy rts infkaaf. hsofoaf hdojfJykfksuf Aofl manfks nsdupkfdk wkag_fjsoaaf.
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Fxjyaasof FtsId;jyf FdokfKlf wkaJj whtfT F:wyays WofOlf whpasgfG Nzuaj wiysinfK ljfjdy nufi[shfhGkfkso.
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SnfNzusof Amsasp;ao
kiepajs k_fj;amof Fxjyaaf Fiafjyf Ed[ wnmiayaf JGlfhkfksuf coftaiK ljiajhf hstnfkiaf. hxhfHjfJjf rg imkspsofts Fxhfhdg jufis jtfjei i[spsofts F:lfhaG hgfGkf Foftag wmpfkskfkayf isnsepajlf wmpfK Fksuf jsdgkfk
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wmatfh i:laoakfdk dikfK hxhfhxpaj LKjduhf hgfglf whtftiaf. Fxjyaaf hsofoauf Adg wka[stfmadu ngkfks infkaaf. Aoflqj nagfglf wjabfg Siaf hu mskfkafjyf Mixjdyhf hxkfK ApfI ngkfksoaaff. kis; Sujfjsp eldgmf wmatfwha[siay;ajIlf hgfxloft_fjysuf nGi;ajIlf S:nfK Sujfjsphfhbsdp wmifieo wmpfkaaf. kofOdgp ia[fjd f jpsuf mskfkafjyf ljkfKilf DbafnfK klK 50iK ipksuf Sufutkfdkkf KtnfK KtI ^bfG wjaufusldu, mK;jsas, whaksdj, Jtftaulf, wiyfysp_fjsas ehaoft Sg_fjysuf Jdjiamlf eltfwjabfG lawh:lf khmspaj ia[fnfkaaf. Fxjyaaf kilf wjayfYlf jaukfksuf jufuatsuf ]aohqglf Fdlhfhapf WofT Dkfks;I AoK. Fkof nslskfkel ~ Fjkfkspaf ]aohqglf FdljfjhfhgfgK.
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Sptfdj W[suf wja]fMlf Xgfx ldumfma;usuf FdlnfKyfy Jxeu ~ Fjkfkspaf ]aohqglf AJlf. Fjkfkspaf 12000 Wofjst Nzusuf mskfkafjyf iamlf wmpfPlf ldujyf Woft kduhfhsuf 331iK hagusuf jq[f jbffgiaT JtshfhsghfhgfGyfyK.
laThga jufuaT lduphfha ljkfkao mstftuauof (Fjkfkspaf) ldukaoaJlf ektspekaaf msTjauof lduPlaJlf wkashfhao pamsjfjstiaf lduPlaJlf AThdg v[nfkwka: ksasiaof jaiuf Fhfheo Mhfhs;lbsp lduPlael
Skof isyjfjlf, jufuaTldu Fjkfkspaf ldu. ltfTlf pamjlf whtfTia{lf mskfkafjyf ldu. AThdg iqG wjabfg Mhfhs;lbspaf Mtftsjf ksasjsoft lduPlf AJlf. ]ao hqgkfksuf hu hu FtfHk_fjyf ngjfjsofto. S_fJ infK i[shaG wmpfeiaafjyf Kofhlf
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nq_fjs ljs[fmfmspaj ia{jsoftoaf. mskfkafjyf js:dh nsofT isdypaGlf Snfk SgkfkstfJ hs;ahfklf Dyfy huljfjyf infK Fjkfkspaf js:dhdp whTjsoftoaf. Fxjyaaf kaof whtft SdtpOhikfdk Snfk Duj ljfjYlf wht eibfGlf Woft nufu enajfjkfksuf epaj ]aohf hpstfms FyskfK i:jstaaf. S_fJ laka laklf whyafblspofT msthfH i[shaG ltfTlf Fofokaolf ndgehTjstK. Snfk Ams;llf FdlnfKyfy Sgkfksof F:jsuf ioiamsjyf imsjfjsoftoaf. F_fJ imsjfJlf ioiams J[nfdkjgfJ jufis, mq:dg, Hkfkadg, W{K wha:gfjyf, hmspatftuf ehaoft Fthfhbsjyf Fxjyaaf wmpfK wjabfG S:jfjstaaf. Siaf W{ksp Nzuf FbffgLlf hsbfgLlf, Akfl kkfKilf, Akfl kasmolf. losk Dglfhsof F:dldphf ehatfts Dglfdh iyafjfJlf wntsjdyPlf Fkofculf Dpsd; iyafjfJlf wntsjdyPlf wkaJkfKkf knfk
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Fjkfkspaf ltfTlf ks:iyfYiaf Lkuf iyfyuaaf id;pao mskfkaf l;hsuf infkiaf kiepajs k_fj;amof Fxjyaaf Fiafjyf WofT k]fma@af kls[fhufjdujfj[jlf Ldoiaf gajfgaf ms.Mhfhs;lbsplf kiepajspsof FbffgLlf hsbfgLlf HkfkjkfkstfjfJ ia[fkfKd; i[_fjsoaaf. k_fj;amof Fxjyaaf kiepajs, mskfkepajs, mskfk laafjfj FOhis WofT kikfks: X;aof Fxjyaaf kiepajspsof FbffgLlf hsbfgLlf HkfkjkfkstfjfJ ia[fkfKd; i[_fjsoaaf. jgnfk 12 AbfGjyaj jufuatsuf ki ia[fdj eltfwjabfG ia{lf jaukfksuf Sdt Dkfks;isof ehasuf leumspa ms_fjhf^af wmofT hufeiT Sg_fjysuf Fjkfkspaf ]ao hqgjfjqdyjdy nsTisoaaf. leumsp LkuaiK Duj mskfkaf wnts lanagfxUlf, kls[j S;bfgaiK Duj mskfkaf wnts lanagfxUlf kdudlhf H;iu;aj isy_fjsoaaf.
21
LofOd;
,e;j cyfpy; thGk; midj;J caph;fSk; xd;nw xd;iwj;jhd; ikakhf bfhz;L Mdhy; mJ v';nf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W bjupahky; njoj; njo Xahky; miyfpd;wd. mJjhd; ,d;gk;; ,d;gk; ,d;gk;. Mk; ,d;gkhd thH;f;if.
22
nkYk; nkYk; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; njo bghd; bghUs; nghd;wtw;iw nrh;g;gjd; nehf;fk; me;j ,d;gk; epiyahdjhf cz;ikahdjhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfj;jhd;. ,jw;F jhd;. mwpt[ mjpYk; bjspe;j mwpt[ vd;w xd;nw xd;W nghJk; ,e;j cz;ikahd ,d;g[w;W thH. ,d;gj;ij mila Kjy; mog;gilahd njit bghd;
,e;j
cz;ikahd
,d;gk;
ek;kplk;
jhd;
,Uf;fpwJ ,e;j cyfpy; ntW v';Fk; ,y;iy vd;w mwpt[ xd;nw nghJk;.
23
ek;ikg;gw;wp bjhptJ vd;why; cz;ikapy; ehk; ahh;/ Md;kh vd;why; vd;d/ mwpt[ my;yJ "hdk; vd;why; vd;d/ Mj;k "hdk; vd;why; vd;d/ kdk;/ bjspe;j kdk;/ kdj;jpd; ,af;fk;/ ,iwtd; vd;gtd; ahh;/ mq/ gukhq/ g";rg{jKk; mjd; jj;JtKk; ,af;fKk;/ cly;/ caph;/ cyfk; kw;Wk; gpug";rk; nghd;w ,itfs; vg;go njhd;wpd/ vg;go
24
cly;/ cly; cWg;g[fs; Fwpj;j mwpt[/ cly; ,af;fk;/ cly; eyk; gw;wpa mwpt[/ kdk;/ g";rg{j jj;Jt';fs; gw;wpa bjspt[/ ,itfisg;gw;wpa xl;Lbkhj;j mwpnt "hdk; my;yJ Mj;k "hdk; vdg;gLk;. ,e;j Mj;k"hdj;jhy; fpilg;gnj cz;ikahd ,d;g thH;f;if.
25
]aolf
"hdk; vd;whny mwpjy;/ mwptpd; bjhpe;j epiy vd;W brhy;yyhk;. ,d;bdhU tif tpsf;fk; "hyj;ij mwpjy; vd;Wk; brhy;yyhk;.
26
mqf;fs;
njhd;wp
mqf;fspd;
,izg;g[
,af;f';fshy; mz;l nguz;lkhfp gpug";rkhfp cyfhfp caph;fs; gyt[khfp/ vj;jidnahnfho rPtuhrpfspy; ehDk; xUtd; vd;fpw bjspt[ bgWtnj "hdkhFk;.
Koitg; bjhlf;fj;ij
gpoj;Jf; mwpayhk;.
kfj;jhd uf!;aklh "hdkhh;f;fk; ,z';fpanjhh; me;ju';fkhd Nl;rkk; Vfhe;j Nl;rbkd;w fijiaf; nfS Fz';Ftpa Mjp me;jf; Fwpia ed;wha; - brst[[kpa rhfuk] 113.
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nkw;fz;l
ghly;
\yk;
Mjp
me;jf;Fwp
bjhptJjhd; "hdk; vd;gij mwpayhk;. "hdk; vd;whny mwpjy]/ mwptpd; bjspe;j epiy vd;W fz;nlhk;. ,d;bdhU tif tpsf;fk;/ "hyj;ij mwpjy; vd;Wk; brhy;yyhk;.
clypd; cs;ns caph; rf;jpahdJ RHd;W ,a';Fk;nghJ me;je;j clypd; mqf;TWfSf;F Vw;g caphpd; rpwg;ghw;wyhf vGk; tpist[fns czh;r;rpfs;.
,e;j czh;r;rpfisj; Ja;j;J capuhdJ bgUk; cz;ikj; bjspt[ jhd; mwpt[ my;yJ "hdk; vdg;gLk].
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Md;k mwptpd; bjspnt "hdk;. mJ mwk;/ jtk; vd;fpw jtg;gapw;rp kl;Lk;jhd; Kaw;rpa[s;sth;fl;nf jj;Jt';fspd; mJ kw;wth;f;F rhj;jpak;. fpilf;Fk;. tpsf;f';fis mth;fs; bjhl;Lf;fhl;oa[k;/
mwpe;jth;fSf;nf
tpsf;fpa[k; Tw Koa[k;.
]ao ia[fI
thH;f;if vd;gJ \d;W mikg;gpny bray;gLfpwJ. 1. ,aw;if/ 2. rKjhak;/ 3. ,d;g Jd;g';fs;. ,k;\d;Wk; eph;zapf;fpd;wd. kdpjd; Mfnt thH;f;ifia ,k;\d;W
gFjpfisa[k; bjspthf Muha;e;J mwptpny KGik bgw;W thH;tnj "hd thH;t[. ,J jhd; ,d;g thH;t[.
29
bjspe;j ePhpny ePhpd; MHj;jpny ,Uf;fpd;w fw;fis fhz;gJ nghy btspr;rj;jpny nghy bra;tJ xU bghUs; vspJ. bghUs;fisf; tpw;gid tpiy tpiy vspjhf fhz;gJ eph;zak;
tpahghhpahdtDf;F
jd;Dila
fhuzk; bfhs;Kjy; tpiy bjhpe;jtd; tpw]gid eph;zak; Mirapdhy; clYk;/ bra;thd;. FLk;gKk;/ mwbewpahy; mijg;nghynt vz;z';fshy;
rKjhaKk;/ jj;Jt "hd tpsf;fj;jhy; "hdKk; rkhjhd thH;t[k; ek;ik Mf;ft[k;/ fhf;ft[k; cjt[fpd;wd.
Mfnt ek;Kila thH;f;ifapy; ve;j mst[ "hdk; ,lk;bgWfpwnjh me;j mstpny ekf;Fr; rpwg;ghd thH;t[ ,d;g[w;W thH;fpd;w epiy/ MH;e;j mikjp fpilf;Fk;.
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mfu Kjy vGj;bjy;yhk; Mjpgftd; Kjw;nw cyF vd;w ts;Sth; Fwspd;go cyfj;J
caph;fs; Kjy; ,e;j cyfk; njhd;Wtjw;F \yfh;j;jh gftd; m vd;w xypahy; njhd;wpd. Mfnt mJnt Kjy; xypahd m vd;gjhFk;. gpuhzpfs; Kjy; kdpjd; ,ae;jpuk; xyp m tiu m
thiaj;jpwf;fpd;w nkw;fz;l
Jl';Ffpd;w \yk;
,e;j cyfj;jpy; cs;s caph;fs; vy;yhnk mwpt[ rPtd;fshf cs;sd. rpwg;gwptpd; \yk; Mdhy; kdpjd; epiybgw;w vd;w rPtDf;F kl;Lnk rpwg;gwpt[ cz;L. ,e;j bjspe;j bjspe;njhnu "hdpfs; vd miHf;fg;gLth;.
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Jhprw;w J}a mwpt[ tothd ,aw;ifapd; ey;y rf;jpfis gad; ,y;iy. epidj;J czh;e;J bjspt[ milahtpl;lhy; xUtd; vj;jid fw;wpUe;Jk; cyfpnyna kpfg;bghpa fy;tp xd;W cz;L vd;why; mJnt "hdf; fy;tp.
nguhw;wiyna ,iwtd; vd miHf;fpwhh;fs;. mfnt ,aw;ifna ,iwtd;. mtd; ghj';fis tz';Ftnj rpwg;gpwt[ MFk;. mJnt "hd khh;f;fj;jpd; jpwt[nfhy; vd;gij kwthjPh;fs;.
]ao laafjfjlf
ljkfkao ;jmsplao laafjfjlf ]ao laafjfjlf. FK VofetaG VofT SdbnfK nstfjsoft Fnfk;_fjlao vgfmlf.
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gytpjkhd
rf;jpfs;
gpug";rj;jpy;
gutpf;
fplf;fpd;wd. mjpy; Mf;fg{h;tkhd rf;jpfSk;/ mHpt[ rf;jpfSk; Mfhaj;jpy; Rw;wpf; bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jpy; rpy rf;jpfs; kpfgykhf ,a';Fk;/ rpy rf;jpfs; gytPdkhf ,a';Fk;. ey;y rf;jp miyfs; gykhf ,a';Fk; nghJ ehk; vLj;j fhhpak; btw;wp bgWk;. Mf;fpukpg;gpdhy;jhd; vz;z';fspYk;/ rpy ekJ thH;tpy; vd;fpw Vw;gLk; btw;wp njhy;tpfs; ,e;j ey;y bfl;l rf;jpfspd; eilbgWfpwJ btspapy; cz;ikia czu ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; rpy ekJ
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ekf;F jPa
mg;ghw;gl;l rf;jpapy; rpf;fpf;bfhs;Sk; nghJ ehk; rf;jpapypUe;J KGikahf tpLgl Md;k mwpt[
ehk; vg;nghJk; vy;nyhiua[k; md;g[ld; nerpj;J re;njhrj;Jld; bra;af; TlhJ. kdk; tpl;Lg;ngrp gHfp tuntz;Lk;. kdjhy; Tl xUtUf;Fk; jP';F ekJ guk vjphpf;Fk; Tl bfLjy; Vw;gLj;jf; TlhJ. ey;yijna bra; vdt[k; mtUf;Fk; ey;y vz;zj;ijf; bfhL vdt[k; ahh; ,iwtid ek;ik ehk; ntz;of;bfhs;s ehk; mtiu ntz;Lk;. ve;jf;fhyj;jpYk; ve;j rkaj;jpYk; fhzte;jhYk;; md;g[ld; tuntw;W cgrhpf;f ntz;Lk;. md;ghf ngrp mDg;g ntz;Lk;. ve;jf; fhuzj;ijf; bfhz;Lk; ahh; kPJk; nfhgg;gLtnjh jfhj thh;j;ijfshy; ittnjh TlhJ.
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ntiyf;fhuh;fs;/ bghpath;fs;/ ekf;F nfhgk; cz;lhf;Fk;go ngRgth;fs; ahuhf ,Ue;jhYk; md;g[ld; ngrntz;Lk;. gpuhh;j;jpf;f ntz;Lk;. kdjpy; mth;fSf;F ey;y vz;zj;ijf; bfhLf;Fk;go ,iwtid
,jaj;ijg;
my;yJ
kdj;ijg;
kdpjd; bgw;wpUg;gnj "hdk; bgWtjw;F Kjy; ,e;j ghpRj;j kdk;; mwk;/ jtk;/ $gk;/ jpahdk; Kjypa gapw;rpapidj; bjhlh;e;J bra;J te;jhy; jhd; bgw Koa[k;.
Kjypy; nkw;fz;l
rpwe;j
FUtplk;
brd;W bjhlh;e;J
jd;id bra;J
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,jw;F Kjypy; kdk; vd;why; vd;d vd;W bjhpe;J bfhs;sntz;Lk;. ghpRj;jkhd ,jaj;ijg; bgw;wpUg;gnj kdpjd;.
thH;f;ifapy; jpdrhp ehk; ekJ kdj;ij xU Kf;fpakhd bfl;lJ tUfpnwhk;. fUtpahff; kdk; bfhz;L cgnahfg; ,a';fhky; ey;yJ/ gLj;jp vija[k; ,uz;Lf;Fnk
bray;gLj;j KoahJ.
Mz;-bgz; vy;yhk;/
milahsk;.
ve;jj;jila[k; jplkhd
36
ey;y
ed;whf ghpRj;jkhf
thHntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; ntz;Lk;. ehk; vg;nghJk; itj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ntz;Lkhdhy; xG';F gLj;j ntz;Lk;. ghpRj;j kdk; bray;ghLfis
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2 Aofla
Md;kh vd;why; ek;Kila cliy/ capiu ,af;Ffpd;w vspjpy; g[hpe;J bfhs;sKoahj Nl;rkf; fUtp vd;W brhy;yyhk;. Md;kh vd;gJ gukhj;khtpd; Mw;wy;. mwpt[ vd;gJ Md;khtpd; ,af;fr; rpwg;g[.
38
$Pt Md;khnth jd; epiy kwe;J $k;g[yd;fspy; bray;fSf;F Ml;gl;L/ g[yd;fspd; fth;r;rpapy; rpf;fp ka';Ffpd;w kaf;f epiyna khia vdg;gLtJ/ jd;Dila jttypikahy;
g[yd;fth;r;rpapy; ,Ue;J kPz;;L/ khiaia tpl;L tpyfp mwpit Md;khtpy; yapf;fr; bra;J mnjhL xd;whfp gpize;J yakhfpd;w epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wnghJjhd;/ me;j epiya[k; gpwHhky; ,Uf;Fk; nghJjhd; "hdk; vd;fpw tpHpg;g[ epiyapy; Md;kh vd;gJ ,af;f Mw;wyhft[k;/ cly; Md;khtpw;F fUtpahft[k; ,Uf;fpd;w epiya[k; czug;gLk;.
39
mijna rpj;jh;fs; "hdpfs; gukhq vd;W brhy;fpwhh;fs;. gukhq vd;;gJ gphpf;f Koahj mq vd;gJ bghUs;. me;jg; gukhqnt gue;J tphpe;J fplf;fpd;w mz;l nguz;l';fis ,af;fpf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;wJ. mijna gukhj;kh vd;wdh;. mnj \y mqtpd; Mw;wny xt;bthU $Ptuhrpfspd; ,af;f';fSf;Fk; fhuzkhf tps';Ftjhy; $Pthj;kh vd;wdh;.
Mfnt Md;kh vd;gJ msg;gwpa Mw;wy; kpf;fJ. me;j Mw;wy; ek;kplk; mjd; cs;sJ/ mJ cUtkhw;wJ. epfH;j;j Koa[k;. czh;e;J mij rf;jpia Mw;wiy
czh;e;jth;fs; kl;Lnk gy;ntW mw;g[j';fs; ek;kplk; cs;s kfj;Jtk; ekf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; tha;e;j Mw;wy; kpf;f Md;khtpd; rf;jpia bfhs;tJjhd; Mj;k"hdkhFk;.
40
Mdhy;
ehk; ek;kplk; cs;s Md;khtpd; btspf;bfhzh;tJ vg;go vdj;bjhpe;J gytpj ,g;gog;gl;l bfhs;shky; my;yy;fSf;F my;yy;fspypUe;J
Mw;wiyg; g[hpe;J bfhs;shky; ek;kplk; cs;s Mw;wiy vg;go ,af;FtJ thH:f;ifapy; Mshfpnwhk;.
Aofl wkysI
Md;kh mwptpd; bjspnt "hdk;. jtg;gapw;rp/ kl;Lk;jhd; jj;Jt';fspd; mJ kw;wth;f;F mJ mwk;/ jtk; vd;fpw Kaw;rpa[s;sth;fl;nf fpilf;Fk;. tpsf;f';fis mth;fs; bjhl;Lf;fhl;oa[k;/ mwpe;jth;fSf;nf rhj;jpak;.
v';nfnah guhkhj;khtpy;
btl;lbtspapy; njhd;wpaJkhd
njhd;wpa $Pthj;kh/
41
mijna
,ij
mwpahky; Ml;gl;L
,f
thH;f;ifapy; Md;khit
rpf;fp gy
khiaf;F
ekJ
42
Jd;gj;jpw;F
Mshf;Ffpnwhk;/
cz;lhf;Ffpnwhk;. mjdhy; jhd; Md;khit Jd;g[Wj;jy; TlhJ. Md;kneak; ntz;Lk; vd;W rhd;nwhh;fs; typa[Wj;Jfpd;wdh;. Md;khit tijf;;f TlhJ/ Md;kh gy Jd;g';fSf;F Mshf;Ffpnwhk;/ mjdhy;jhd; Md;kneak; Md;khitj; cz;lhf;Ffpnwhk;. Jd;g[Wj;jf;TlhJ rhd;nwhh;fs; mJ ntz;Lbkd;W
typa[Wj;J fpd;wdh;. Md;khit tijf;fTlhJ/ Md;kh gyJd;g';fSf;F mshfpd;wJ. vg;go vd;why;> flt[isj;njo mila Kad;Wk; mtdhy; flt[isf; fhz Koahj epiy. thH;tpy; tWikbaDk; gw;whf;Fiw. bra;fpd;w bray;fspd; tpist[fisg; bra;fpd;w gw;wp mwpahik/ o mwpe;Jk; epiy/ myl;rpak;
43
o mtkjpj;J
mjdhy;
Jd;gk;
mDgtpf;Fk; epiy. Md;khtpd; kfj;Jtk; g[hpahky;/ gpwh; kPJ mr;rKk; gif/ Jd;g[Wj;jy;/ nghd;wtw;why; my;yYWk; epiy. fhkk;/ Fnuhjk;/ nfhgk;/ nkhfk;/ kjk;/ khr;rh;ak;/ lk;gk;/ <h;ij nghd;w Fiwfs; xd;nwhblhd;W ,ize;J thH;f;if gytpj rpf;fy;fSf;F Mshfp mtw;iw yFthfj; jPh;f;f Koahky; jtpj;J jhd; Jd;g[w;W/ gpwiuj; Jd;g[Wj;jpa[k; thH;fpwhd;.
,g;gog;gl;l
rpf;fyhd
,f;fl;lhd
NH;epiy
tUfpwnghJ kdpjd; bjhpe;njh/ bjhpahknyh ,e;j ,f;fl;oypUe;J tpLjiy bgwntz;Lk; vd Kay;fpwhd;. xt;bthU $Pthj;khtplKk; Fiw eP';fp KGik bgwntz;Lk; vd;w Mh;tk;
44
jJk;gpf;bfhz;oUf;fpwJ.
mjd;
tpist[
rpe;jid Xl;lk; gpwf;fpwJ/ rpe;jpf;fpwhd;/ Kaw;rp bra;fpwhd;/ Kaw;rpapd; tpist[ bray;fspy; ,w';fp Xuhst[ czut[k; bra;fpwhd;. braYf;nfw;w tpist[fisf; fhz;fpwhd;. mtd;
kdpjdpd; beLe;J}ug; gazj;jpy; gurpe;jid thjpfs;/ rPh;jpUj;jthjpfs;/ ty;Ydh;fs;/ rpj;jh; bgUkf;fs; nghd;nwhh;fs; gy E}y;fs; vGjpa[k;/ nghjidfs; Twpa[k; kdpjd; FiwghLfis KGikahf ePf;f Koatpy;iy/ fhuzk; kdpjd; rKjhak; vd;fpw r';fypg; gpizg;gpy; thH;e;J bfhz;oUf;fpd;whd;. ,Ug;gpd; FiwghLfs; vy;yhhplKk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. fhuzk; mtdpd; njit/ gHf;fk;/ mwptpd; tsh;r;rp/ re;jh;g;g NH;epiyfs; ,tidf;Fiw cs;stdhf Mf;FfpwJ. ,tw;wpy; mwptpy; rpwe;j rpyh;kl;Lk; rpe;jpf;fpwhh;fs;. fhuz/ fhhpa';fis gFj;J czUfpwhh;fs;. mjdhy; jd; mstpy; gapw;rp
45
bgw;W
jd;Dila
ePf;fpf; gyh;
,tw;iw
czh;j;jg;bgWfpwhh;fs; cgnjrk;
bgw;whYk;
gyngh; jh';fs; bgw;w tpsf;f';fSf;F Vw;g khw;wpf;bfhs;Sk; ,g;go rpy mst[ bgWtjpy;iy. gHf;fj;jpw;F
xt;bthU kdpjDk; xd;iw kwe;JtpLfpwhd;. xt;bthU gjpg;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. J}a;ikahf;fp fyf;fnt czuhky; rpe;jidapy; ek; braYk; Mfnt ehk; Md;khtpy; gHpr;brhy;/ ,uz;lwf; fUtpahfr; cHd;W
bray;gLfpwJ vd;gij kwe;J cz;ikfis ,fthH;t[ jhd; bfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. Md;kh mwpt[ Kjph;e;J bgWk;nghJ
46
bjspe;jth; Rl;of;fhl;o czh;j;Jk; nghJ mwpt[ tpHpg;g[ epiy milfpwJ. mijna ts;syhh; grpj;jpU/ jdpj;jpU/ tpHpj;jpU vd;W TWfpwhh;.
grpj;jpU vd;why; vg;bghGJk; "hdg;grpnahL ,U vd;gjhFk;. jdpj;jpU vd;gJ khiaapy; g[yd;fis brYj;jhky; jdpj;jpU vd;gjhFk;;. tpHpj;jpU vd;gJ Md;kh khRglhky; tpHpg;nghL ,Ug;gJ vd;gjhFk;.
Aofl ]aolf
Md;k "hdk; vd;whny kdpjid mjw;Fj;jFjpahf;Fk; rpwg;gwpt[ vd;gJ bghUs;. rpwg;gwpt[ vd;d vd;fpw tpsf;fj;ijg; bgWtnj "hdk; MFk;.
47
"hdpahf
ntzL;k;/
"hdk;
bgwntz;Lk;
,d;iwa kdpjd; thH;f;ifna ,ae;jpukak;/ ,d;iwa cyfk; tp";"hd cyfk;/ njitfs; kpFe;J ,ae;jpurhjd';fs; El;gkhd fUtpfs;/ thH;f;iff;F njitahd bghUl;fspd; mjpfhpg;g[ ,it kpFe;J bfhz;nl nghfpd;wd. ,g;gog;gl;l ,f;fhyj;jpy; vy;nyhUk; "hdk; bgw Koa[kh vd;gJ vy;nyhh; kdjpYk; vGfpd;w kiyg;ghd nfs;tp. kiyg;g[j; njit ,y;iy. vy;nyhUk; "hdk; bgwKoa[k;.
j';fs; j';fspd; flikfis flika[zh;nthL bra;J kfpH;nthL ,y;ywj;ija[k; brk;ikahf elj;jp ed;kf;fisg; bgw;W xGf;fj;jpYk;/ mwj;jpYk;/ rpwe;jth;fshf gapw;Wtpj;J mjd;
48
\yk; FLk;gk;/ Ch;/ ehL/ cyfk; vd;w mstpy; mikjpahft[[k;/ ,d;gkhft[k; thHyhk;.
Mj;k "hdk; vd;gJ Rlh;tpl;L gpufhrpf;Fk; tpsf;F/ ,Uz;l thH;f;iff;F tHpfhl;o. Mfnt xt;bthUtUk; Kayntz;Lk;. jhd; Mj;k Mj;k "hdk; bgw "hdpfs; vd;W ,ayhjth;fs; "hdk;
tHpiag; gpd;gw;wp elf;f ntz;Lk;. J}a kdj;jhy; milaKoa[k; typa[Wj;jpdh;. ehk; "hdk; bgw;whh; tHpiag;
gpd;gw;wp mtu; mwpit jd;kakhf itj;Jf; bfhz;L ehk; Kiwaht[k;/ rpwg;ghft[k; thHyhk;.
vdnt Mj;k "hdk; kl;Lnk thH;tpw;F cah;t[k;/ ,d;gKk; ek;Kila mspf;Fk;. Md;k"hdk; bgw;why; Jd;g';fs; thH;f;ifapy;
vy;yhtw;iwa[k; epth;j;jp bra;J bfhz;L/ btw;wp fz;L epk;kjpahf thHyhk;. Mj;k "hdj;ij Mz; bgz; ,UghyUk; milayhk]. mjpy;
49
ve;jj; jila[k; ,y;iy. ekf;F ntz;oaJ vy;yhk;/ 1. jplkhd kdk; 2. MH;e;j ek;gpf;if 3. mfj;jPrd; kPJ ghpg{uz ek;gpf;if itj;J mtdplk; ruziljy; 4. ey;y ekJ vz;z';fs;/ vz;zj;ij ntz;Lk;. vy;nyhUk; ghpRj;jkhf ghpRj;j ed;whf itj;Jf; kdk; thHntz;Lk; bfhs;s vd;w vz;zk;;. ehk; vg;nghJk;
losk Akfla
,iwtd; cyfpy; gy $Ptuhrpfisg; gilj;jhh;. 84 yl;rk;; $Ptuhrpfs; vd;W TWth; rhd;nwhh;. Mdhy; ehk; mwpe;jJ vd;dnth xU E}W ,UE}W
50
vd;whny mjpfk;. ,jpny kdpjdpd; gilg;g[ kpft[k; mhpa xd;W. mwpt[ KGikaile;j xd;W vd;W brhy;fpd;wdh; "hdpfs;.
tifgpwg;g[
tifj;njhw;wk; ,tw;wpy;
84
yl;rk;
midj;Jnk Mdhy;
kl;Lnk rpwg;gwpt[ cz;L. mijj;jhd; MwhtJ vd;W Md;nwhh;fs; kdpjd; kdpjdhy; kl;Lnk jhd; ahh; vd;W mwpa[k; rpwg;ghw;wy; bgwKofpwJ. ,Ug;gjhy; g[dpjdhfp gpd; flt[s; Mfpd;w nguhw;wiyg; mjdhy; kpfr;rpwe;jtdhfg; nghw;wg; gLfpwhd;.
fhuzfhhpa';fisf; fz;lwpa[k; Mw;wy; kdpj mwpt[f;F kl;Lnk cz;L. mjdhny jhd; cly; ,af;fk; fhuzk;/ vd;w g[yd; fhhpaj;jpw;F ,af;fk; g[yd; ,af;fk; vd;w fhhpaj;jpw;F
51
fhuzk;
vz;zk;.
,g;go
xt;bthd;iwa[k;
fz;lwpa[k; Mw;wy; kdpj Md;kht[f;F cz;L. mjdhy;jhd; g[yd;fs; Ie;ija[k; fle;J mjw;F nky; brd;W xt;bthU epfH;r;rpf;Fk;/ njhw;wj;jpw;Fk; fhuzk; vd;d fhhpak; vJ vd;W fz;L gpof;Fk; Mw;wy; Md;khtpw;F cz;L. g[yd;fs; fl;Lg;ghL gpw eP';fpa Md;kh me;j caph;fs; J}a J}a Md;khthf Jd;g';ifs/ czh;r;rpfspd; khWfpwJ. ,d;g';fis/ mst[fis fzpj;J
Md;khthy;jhd;
cjt[k; fUiza[s;sk; bgwKofpwJ. kdpjdpd; cly; fUtpfSf;Fj; njitahf Jizahf gytpjkhd Ma[j';fs;/ ,ae;jpu';fisf; fz;L gpoj;J gad;gLj;j jFjp bgw;wJk; kdpj Md;khjhd;. jd; ,dk; njhd;wp tHptHpahf gl;l mDgt';fspd; gpujpgypg;ghf kdpj thH;f;ifia tskhf;Fk; Mw;wYk; ,nj kdpj Md;khtpw;F cz;L.
52
gynfho caphpd';fs; thGfpd;w ,e;j g{kpna cyfk;. ,e;j cyfj;ijg; nghd;W vj;jidnah cyfk; vj;jidnah bfhz;l nfhs:fs; gpug";rkhf mz;l cs;sJ. nguz;l';fs;
,e;jg; gpug";rj;jpy; kdpjd; vd;gtd; rpW mq nghd;wtd; jhd;. nghpaf;f kz;lyj;jpy; kdpj Md;kh mqnghd;wJ. ,Ue;jhYk; kdpj Md;khjhd; ,e;j gpug";rj;ij mspf;fpwJ. nghpaf;f kz;lyj;jpd; xg;gw;w rf;jpfis fz;Lgpof;fpwJ. nghpaf;f kz;lyj;jpd; mirt[fisf;Tl fzf;fpl;Lf; Tw KofpwJ. nfhs;fspd; njhw;w';fisa[k;/ mjd; r";rhuj;ija[k; el;rj;jpuf; Tl;l';fisa[k; bray;ghLfisa[k; fzf;fpl KofpwJ. nghpaf;f kz;ly ,af;fj;jpd; Mw;wy;fis
vy;yhk; kdpj Md;kh fzf;fpLk; Mw;wiyg; bgw;Ws;sJ vd;why; ,e;j kdpj Md;khtpw;F
53
nghpaf;f kz;lyj;ijg; nghd;w khbgUk; Mw;wy; cs;sJ vd;gij mwpa KofpwJ. me;j Mw;wy; ,y;iybad;why; nghpaf;f kz;ly epfH;r;rpfis mwpa KoahJ. kdpj Md;kh kfj;jhd rf;jp bgw;wJ. fhqk; rpwg;g[g; bgw;wJ. mjdhy; jhd; nfhs;fspy; eilbgWk; ,af;f';fisa[k;/ mjpy; njhw;wf';isa[k;/ Fz';fisa[k;/ fz;lwpe;J rpwg;ghf Md;kh thH;fpwJ. mjd; rpwg;ig kdpj Md;kh kl;Lnk czh;fpwJ. mjdhy; jhd; kdpj Md;kh ,aw;ifg; gpug";rj;ij czh;e;J nghw;wp tHpgl;L mjpy; fyf;f Kaw;rpf;fpwJ. kdpjd; xUtnd ,e;j ,aw;ifapd; kdpj mwpnt nguhw;wy; Kothd cz;ikia cr;rkhd czh;e;jtd;. mwptpd; tsh;r;rp ghpzhkj;jpny Koitj;jUfpwJ. kdpj mwptpnyjhd; nghpaf;f kz;ly epfH;r;rpfis mwpaKofpwJ. nghpaf;f kz;lyj;jpd; r';fkkhfpwJ. Kot[fs; Tl kdpj mwptpny mj;jifa mwpt[ clw;TW
54
bgw;wtnd kdpjd;.
Md;kh
jdJ
jPa
gjpt[fis
ePf;fpg;
guk;bghUis czh;e;J kPz;Lk; gpwthj tHp czh;e;J fiunawnt cliy fl;of; bfhz;lJ. mijf;fhj;Jk; tUfpwJ. g[yd;fshy; rpf;fpj; jtpj;J fl;Lz;L khia vd;fpw tpy';fpd; thapy; mfg;gl;L gl;lwpthy; mwpt[ bjspt[ mwpt[ mw;w bgw;W epiyapy; bjspe;j brayhw;Wk; mnj rkak; mJnt jd;Dila bjspe;j epiyapYk; brayhw;Wfpd;wJ.
<qiakfla h;alakfla
v';nfnah guhkhj;khtpy; ts;syhh;/ btl;lbtspapy; njhd;wpaJjhd;; njhd;wpa $Pthj;kh. mijna gukhj;khtpw;F Mjhuk; ,y;iy.
jha;
tapw;wpy;
gpwthJ
jhnd
55
$Pthj;khtpw;F gukhj;kh Mjhuk;. gukhj;khtpw;F vd;d Mw;wy; cz;nlh mnj Mw;wy; $Pthj;khtpYk; cz;L. gukhj;kh Xh; ,aw;if. mnjnghy gukhj; khtpy; njhd;wpa $Pthj;kht[k; ,aw;ifapd; Mw;wy;fs; TW. gukhj;khtpy; msg;gwpa mnjnghy ,e;j $Pthj;khtpd; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
,ij
mwpahky; Ml;gl;L
,f
thH;f;ifapy; Md;khit
rpf;fp gy
khiaf;F Md;khit
ekJ
56
mJ vg;go
1. 2. 3.
flt[isj;njo mila Kad;Wk; mtdhy; flt[isf;fhz Koahj epiy/ thH;tpy; tWikbaDk; gw;whf;Fiw/ bra;fpd;wbray;fspd; tpist[fisg; gw;wp mwpahik. mwpe;Jk; myl;rpak; mjdhy; bra;fpd;w epiy/ mtkjpj;J Jd;gk; mDgtpf;Fk; epiy.
4.
Md;khtpd; kfj;Jtk; g[hpahky;/ gpwh; kPJ mr;rKk; gif/ Jd;g[Wj;jy;/ nghd;wtw;why; my;yYWk; epiy.
nkw;fz;l Fiwfs; xd;nwhblhd;W ,ize;J thH;f;ifapy; gytpj rpf;fy;fSf;F Mshfp mtw;iw yFthfj; jPh;f;f Koahky; jtpj;J jhd; Jd;g[w;W/ ,g;gog;gl;l gpwiuj; Jd;g[Wj;jpa[k; ,f;fl;lhd thH;fpwhd;. NH;epiy rpf;fyhd
57
tUfpwnghJ kdpjd; bjhpe;njh/ bjhpahknyh ,e;j ,f;fl;oypUe;J tpLjiy bgwntz;Lk; vd Kay;fpwhd;. xt;bthU $Pthj;khtplKk; Fiw eP';fp KGik bgwntz;Lk; vd;w Mh;tk; tpist[ jJk;gpf;bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. mjd;
rpe;jid Xl;lk; gpwf;fpwJ. rpe;jpf;fpwhd;. Kaw;rp bra;fpwhd;. Kaw;rpapd; tpist[ bray;fspy; ,w';fp Xuhst[ czut[k; bra;fpwhd;. "hdk; ,g;nghJ mtDf;F mtd; g[yg;gl braYf;nfw;w tpist[fisf; fhz;fpwhd;. Mj;k Muk;gpf;fpwJ.
58
3 wlpfhfwha:yf
btl;lbtspjhd; mg;bghUspny czh;e;J caphpd';fs; cz;ikahd ehDk; bka;g;bghUs;. vd;W cld; njhd;wpa vd; ,Uf;fpnwd; btl;lbtspapny mj;jida[k; Jd;gk;
59
Jd;gg;gLfpd;w caph;fs; kPJ fUiz fhl;o ,d;gj;Jld; thGk; thH;f;ifjhd; tPLngW MFk;. ,ij mila[k; $Ptd;jhd; Md;khthFk;.
btl;lbtsp bgUbtspahfpa bka;g;bghUisna thdk; vd;Wk; thd; vd;Wk; TWth;. tPL ngW bgw;wth;fis thd; + mth;/ thdth; vd;W TWth;. njth; vd;Wk; TWth;. jhd; + mth/; jd;id mtuhff; fz;l fhuzj;jhy; jhdth;/ jiytd; vd;Wk; TWth;. jdJ gue;j mwpthy; vg;bghGJk; ,izj;J btl;l rjhfhyk; btsp bka;bghUSld; braYkhf cs;sj;jpd; epidt[k; mth;fspd;
,Uf;fpd;wth;fSf;F
epiy Rth;f;fk; (Rth; + mfk;). Rth; vd;why; nghpd;gk;. fLe;jtj;jpd; \yk; Md;khthdJ jd;dpiy tpsf;fk; bgWfpwJ/ mg;go tpsf;fk; bgWfpd;w J}a epiyiaj;jhd; "hdk;
60
vd;fpd;wdh;.
,e;j
KGik
ngw;iwna
tPL vd;why; ,lk; my;yJ Mjhuk; vd;W bgah;. fhuzk; ,y;yhky; fhhpak; xU gpwg;;gjpy;iy. Mjhuk; Mjhuk; ,y;yhky; Mnjak; gpwg;gjpy;iy. ve;j njhw;wj;jpw;Fk; ,Ue;njahfntz;Lk;. mJnghy; Md;khtpw;Fk; Xh; Mjhuk; ,Ue;jhfntz;Lk;. mjw;F Mjhuk; vJ ,lk; Mf cs;sJ vd Muha;e;jhy; Kothf ekf;Ff; ,y;yhj fpilf;Fk; xU tpil ve;j MjhuKk; bghUns vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk;
Mjhukhft[k; ,lkhft[k; ,Ug;gJ czug;bgWk;. cjhuzkhf nfhapy;nky; fyrk; ,Uf;fpwJ. fyrj;jpw;F nfhapy; nfhg[uk; Mjhukhf cs;sJ/ nfhg[uj;jpw;F g{kp Mjhukhf cs;sJ. g{kpf;F btl;lbtsp ,lkhf cs;sJ. btl;lbtspf;F Mjhuk; ,Uf;fpwjh/ ,y;iy. mjd; moKoiaf; fhzKoahJ vd;gij tpsf;fnt mfj;jpaUk;/
61
ghug;gh moKoa[e; njog;nghd gjpthd khyaD'; fhzh bud;W neug;gh ntj Kiuj;jpl;l bra;jp ePs; g[tpapy; ahth;f;Fk; ciuj;jpl;l bra;jp brst[[kpa rhfuk] 118
btl;lbtspia ghjj;ijf;fhzr; msf;f brd;whh; ,ayhJ vd;t[k;/ vd;gij gpuk;kh
tpsf;fnt jpUkhy; gd;wp mtjhuk; vLj;J rptd; md;dg;gl;rp totk; bfhz;L rptd;Ko fhz nkny brd;whh; vdt[k; fij \yk; brhd;dhh;fs;.
btl;lbtsp ,y;iy.
vd;why; Mfnt
mjw;bfd;W mJ
Mjhuk;
KjyhfpwJ. njhw;wg;bghUs;
mjpypUe;Jjhd;
njhd;wpapUf;fntz;Lk;. vdnt btl;l btspna MjpahdJ. mjw;F ntW Mjhuk; ,y;yhjjhy; mJnt mehjpahdJ. btl;lbtsp vd;fpw tPl;od; ,af;f rf;jpahy; mfk;njhd;wp/ mfj;jhy;
62
,d;gk; njhd;wp gpd;du; nghpd;g cs;sj;ijg; bgw;wth;fns Rth;fnyhf thrpfs; vd;gjhFk;. btl;lbtspjhd; bka;g;bghUs; vd;gjw;F/
bka;g;bghUs; fz;L tps';Fk; bka; "hdpf;F fw;g';fs; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; fhzhkw; fz;L fUj;njhL ,Ug;nghh;f;F tPzhir VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; epj;jpiu bfl;L epidnthL ,Ug;nghh;f;F Kj;jpiu VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; je;jpukhd jye;jd;dpy; epw; nghhf;F ke;jpuk; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; Kj;jkpH; fw;W Ka';Fk; bka; "hdpf;F rj;j';fs; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; cr;rpf;F nky; brd;W cah;btsp fhz;nghh;f;F ,r;rpg;gp';FVJf;fo>Fjk;gha; ntfhky; bte;J btspapidf; fhz;nghh;f;F nkhfhe;jk;VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; rhfhky; jhz;o jdptHp nghnthh;f;F Vfhe;jk; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; Mde;jk; bgh';fp mwpnthL ,Ug;nghh;f;F
63
J}de;jhd; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; rpj;jpuf; Tlj;ij jpdk; jpdk; fz;nlhh;f;F gj;jpuk; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; jd;id mwpe;J jiytidr; nrh;e;njhh;f;Fg; gpd;dhir VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; brj;jhiug; nghyj; jphpa[k; bka; "hdpf;F ifj;jhsk; VJf;fo> Fjk;gha; -Fjk;igr;rpj;jh;
gpwg;gpd; tpsf;fnt \yk; Mjpiaa[k; Koita[k; nkw;fz;l mwpe;j ghly;
cz;ikahd bghUspd; tpsf;fj;ij Md;kh mwpa[k;nghJjhd; ek;Kila kaf;fkhd khia ek;ik tpl;L tpyFfpwJ. mg;nghJjhd; bghUshf ,Uf;Fk; xd;iw bghUshff; fUJk; bka;a[zh;t[k; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.
64
Fyt[ nguz;lg;gFjpnahh; mde;j nfho nfhofSk; M';fh';nf epytpa gpz;lg; gFjpfs; KGJk; epfH;e;j gw;gy bghUs; jpuSk; tpyFwhJ mfj;Jk; g[wj;Jk; nkyplj;Jk; bka;awp thde;jk; tps';f myFwhJ xHpahJ mJtjpy; tps';Fk; mUl; bghU";nrhjp vd; munr.
65
vd;W
brhy;fpwhh;.
,e;j
khbgUk; kdk;
,af;f vd;Dk;
rf;jpahd
,iwtd;
khaf;fUtpahy; gpwe;jJ Kjy; ,wf;fpd;w tiu ekJ clk;ig ,af;fpf; bfhz;oUf;fpwhh;. ,e;j ,af;f rf;jp ekJ clypy; vg;gor; bray;gLfpwJ vd mwpe;J mnj ,af;f rf;jpia ehk; czh;e;J me;j rf;jpia ek;Kila cliya[k;/ capiua[k; ngzg;gad;gLj;Jk; tHptiffis bjhpe;J bfhs;tnj Md;k"hdk;.
msius_fjlf
msius_fjlf WohfhGiK Aks cu FBisof ixiel. msilf Wofjst wigfgwiyspseu S:nfK cu FBiao msimjfkspsuf ekaoftsp Dgeu losk Dguf. cumjfkspsof FB kofdlep msimjfks Spjfjlf. wigfgwiyspseu S:nfK ekaoftsp cu FBiao msius_fjlf DglfwhGkfK Miamjf jatftauf Ax, Cx lxjstaof. FKkaof rkfK WofT M:_fjmf wmaufjstaaf.
66
losk Dguf kaof msius_fjlf. msius_fj kaof losk Dguf. Snfk hs;h]fm M[tfmspsuf ^lsPlf M[ofT wjabfx:jfjstK. M[ofT wjabfx:jfjst ^lspsuf ia{lf loskOlf M[Ujstaof. M[ofT wjabfG S:jfjst Snfk loskdo Dgfja;dikfK M[u isgfgauf msius_fj ixikfekaG jabhfhGiaof. Ktis Stnfk hsofH mlakspsof eluf us_fjkfdk dikfK i[shGjstaafjyf. mlaks Woftauf Akspseu mllf WofhK wha:yf. msilplapf Ajsisgfgaaf Woft rTjsoftoaf. msilplf Woftaeu wigfgwiys e<akspseu Rjfjsplajsisgfgaaf WofhK wha:yf. W_fJlf ispahskfK S:jfjjfrxp e<aksep msiof WofTlf Fnfk msiof Woft e<akspseu S:nfK msilf Wofjst Atftuf DbfgaoK.
msimjfks
Mjpapny ,g;gpug";rg; gilg;g[f;F \ykhdJ ,uz;L rf;jpjhd;. mijj;jhd; rptrf;jp
67
vd;fpnwhk;. ,Jnt gukhqthFk;. mnj nghy kdpj $Ptd; cUthtjw;F ,uz;L \y rptk; mqf;fs; fhuzkhf tps';Ffpd;wd.
vd;fpd;w Mz; Rf;fpyg;g[Gt[k;/ rf;jp vd;fpw bgz; Rf;fpyg[Gt[k;. ,uz;od; fyg;gpdhy; $Ptd; cw;gj;jpahfpwJ. cz;lhdJ. cz;lhapw;W. gukhqtpdhy; mjd; fyg;ghy; g";rg{jk; $Ptuhrpfs;
Mw;wiyf;bfhz;ljhFk;.
Dpsuf mjfks
clypd; cs;ns capy; rf;jpahdJ mjhtJ btl;lbtspapny cs;s Mw;wy;fs; gpuhztha[tpd; \yk; \r;Rf; fhw;why; clypd; cs;ns ,Gf;fg;gl;L nfhof;fzf;fhd ekJ cly; mqf;fSf;F Mw;wiyf; bfhLj;J cliy ,af;f itf;fpwJ. ,g;go ,af;Ffpd;w me;j rf;jpiaj;jhd; RUf;fkhf capy; rf;jp
68
vd;fpnwhk;. clypd; cs;ns capy; rf;jpahdJ RHd;W vGk; ,a';Fk;nghJ tpist[fns Ja;j;J me;je;j czh;r;rpfs;. capuhdJ clypd; ,e;j bgUk; "hdk; mqf;TWfSf;F Vw;g caphpd; rpwg;ghw;wyhf czh;r;rpfisj; vdg;gLk; ,ilna
,wg;gpw;Fk;
bjhlh;gaznk
thH;f;ifahFk;.
<qiof
caph; ,y;iynay; cly; ,Uf;fhJ/ cliy itj;Jj;jhd; ,uz;ila[k; caph; ,izj;J cz;lh> ,y;iyah> xg;gw;w vd;gij mwpa Koa[k;. Mfnt caph; cly; itf;fpd;w fUtpna Md;kh vdg;gLtJ. ,e;j ,uz;Lk;
69
btl;l
btspapny cs;s Mw;wy;fis gpuhztha[tpd; \yk; \r;Rf; fhw;why; clypd; cs;ns ,Gj;J nfhof;fzf;fhd ekJ cly; mqf;fSf;F Mw;wiyf; bfhLj;J cliy ,af;f itf;fpwJ. ,g;gog;gl;l MfpwJ. mqj;jpus;fshshd cw;gj;jp ,g;gpug";rj;jpy; ,Ue;J kdpj $Ptd;
Mjpapny ,g;gpug";rg; gilg;g[f;F \ykhdJ ,uz;L kdpj rf;jpjhd;. $Ptd; mijj;jhd; rptrf;jp \y rptk; vd;fpnwhk;. ,Jnt gukhqthFk;. mnj nghy cUthtjw;F ,uz;L mqf;fs; fhuzkhf tps';Ffpd;wd.
vd;fpd;w Mz; Rf;fpyg;g[Gt[k;/ rf;jp vd;fpw bgz; Rnuhzpjg;g[Gt[k; ,uz;od; fyg;gpdhy; $Ptd; cw;gj;jpahfpwJ. my;yJ $Ptd;; ,g;go ,af;Ffpd;w ,e;j ,uz;Lk; me;j rf;jpiaj;jhd; RUf;fkhf caph] rf;jp vd;fpnwhk;.
70
mjhtJ clYk] capUk; nrh;e:J bray;gLfpd;w xU bghUisj;jhd; $Ptd; vd;fpnwhk;. cyfpy; cs;s xt;bthUtUk; jdJ $Ptdpd; rhpj;jpuj;ijf; fz;L bfhz;lhy;; cyfpy; vy;yhk; ,d;gk;jhd;.
,t;t[yfpy; vJt[k] ey;yJk; ,y;iy/ ez;gd; giftd; fpilahJ/ xt;bthU Md;kht[k; jd; Ra J}a mwpit mwpe;J tpl;lhy; vy;yhk; rkk;/ vy;yhk; ,d;gkak; MFk;. mJnt Mj;k "hdk;; bgWtJ/ ,d;wpikahjJ. $Ptdpd; gpwg;gpw;Fk; ,wg;gpw;Fk; ,ilna eilbgWk; bjhlh;gaznk thH;f;ifahFk;. thHj;bjhpe;J thH:gth;fshd "hdpfis thH;tnj ek;gp "hd mth;fisg; thH;t[ gpd;gw;wpa[k; "hd my;yJ
71
4 lolf
kdk; ,uz;L tifg;gLtJ xd;W g[wkdk; (btspkdk;). ,d;bdhd;W cs;kdk;. btspkdkhdJ gytpj Mir/ ghr';fshy; cl;gl;lJ. mjDila Jizth;fshd g[yd;fs; bka;/ tha;/ fz;/ fhJ/ \f;F/ brtp Mfpa Ie;J
72
jhd;
Ml;og;gilf;Fk;. neUk;.
J}z;Lk;.
Rfk;/
,d;gj;ijj; njhw;Wtpf;Fk;.
jtwhd ghijapy; nghfr;bra;a[k;. kpfg;bghy;yhjJ. Kf;fpakhdJ. mDgtpf;f J}z;LtJk;/ kdjpy; gJld; ntz;Lk; mwpit gjpaitf;Fk; kdfpsh;r;rpfisa[k; kw;Wk; ,g;go murhl;rp kdpjDf;F vd;w tsh;f;f
,f;fz;fns/ MH;kdija[k; ghh;itapy; ghh;j;J kpfKf;fpakhd Vw;glj;j ,e;j gy bfl;lJ tHpahf kdpjid mitakhFk;. \f;F/ thridfis mDgtpg; ,J nfl;gjw;fhf ngr;Rf;fs;/ ey;yJ/ Ik;g[yd;fs; bra;J
73
ey;yJ/bfl;lJ/ ,d;gk;/ Jd;gk; vd;W Ml;og; gilf;Fk;. Mfnt ,e;j btspkdk; ml';fpdhy;jhd; cs;kdk; jpwf;Fk;.
cs;kdkhdJ vija[k; bra;af;ToaJ. mjw;F ey;yit bfl;lit bjhpahJ. btspkdk; vd;d brhy;fpwnjh mij mg;gona bra;a[k; my;yJ epiwntw;wptpLk; cs;kdjpd; rf;jp ,jw;F cz;L. ,jd; Mw;wy; mghukhdJ.
rf;jpfis vGj;jhy; mstpl;Lf;Tw KoahJ. gytpjkhd Mghr/ jPa vz;z';fis mfw;wp ekf;F vJ njitnah mij czh;t[g;g{h;tkhf cs; kdJf;Fj; bjhpag; gLj;jp tpl;lhy; cs;kdk; mij mg;gona epiwntw;wp tpLk; Mw;wy;gilj;jJ.
74
cghaj;ijf; ifahz;lhh;fs;.
mwpt[g;g{h;tkhd
rpe;jidapy;
,d;bdhd;W ml';fhj fhisia mlf;Ftjw;F bra;fpd;w cgak; nghy ml';fhj kdij mlf;f \r;R gapw;rp bra;J \r;Rf;fhw;iw mlf;fpj; jd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; bfhz;L te;jhh;fs;. kdjpw;Fk;/ Rthrj;jpw;Fk;/ ,ilbtsp ,y;yhj bjhlh;g[z;L.
75
kdk; ve;j mst[ bray;gLfpwnjh me;j mst[ \r;Rf; fhw;wpd; mst[k; bray;gLk;. kdk; ml';Fk; vd;gjhFk;. Mfnt kdkl';fpdhy; \r;R ml';Fk;. \r;rl';fpdhy;
vd;fpd;w re;jpf;f
mtDf;F rpe;jpj;J kdij mwpt[g;g{h;tkhfr; fhhpakpy;iy. nghJtJ ,y;iy. fhuzk; nahrpg;gjw;F fhyk;
Mfnt jw;fhy NH;epiyapy; \r;R gapw;rpapd; \yk;jhd; kdij mlf;f ntz;oa fl;lha epiyapy; ghpgf;Ftk; cs;shd;. bra;tjd; rpj;jh;fs; \yk; kdij "hdj;ijg;
76
bgwKoa[k; vd;W czh;e;J bjhpe;J mjw;F m#;lh';f gapw;rpfis nahfk; vd;W vl;l tifahd tFj;Jf; bfhLj;Js;shh;fs;.
xUtd; j';f Mguzk; bra;a ntz;Lbkd;why; ciyapy; ,l;L fha;r;rp j';fj;ij/ jfLfshf;fp/ fk;gpfshf;fp/ bra;fpd;whnd. gf;Ftkhf brJf;fp/ Mguzk; mJnghy kdija[k;/
cliya[k;/ nahfj;jpd; \yk; gf;Ftg;gLj;jp "hdk; bgw cfe;j tHpfisf; ifahz;lhh;fs; kf;fSf;Fk; gapw;rpapd; tptfhu';fspy; brYj;jtplhky; Rthrk; jhdhff; gy;ntWtpjkhd \yk; nahf E}y;fs; Mfnt jFe;j btsp Mjpf;fk; bty;tjw;Fg; Rthrk; kdk; \yKk; brhy;ypa[s;shh;fs;. nghftpl;L g[yd;fis fl;Lg;gLk;. fl;Lg;gLk;.
g[yd;fis
77
kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; ke;jpuk; brgpf;fntz;lhk;/ kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; thrpia epWj;j ntz;lhk; kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; thrpia cah;j;j ntz;lhk; kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; ke;jpuk; brk;ikahFnk
nkw;fz;l
ghly;
kdj;jpwk; gapw;rpa[k;
njitapy;iy vd;W TWtjpypUe;J kdij itj;J gHfpf;bfhs;s vJt[k; gHf;fkhfp gpd;g[ tHf;fkhfp Mfnt ey;y tHf;fkhf thH
kdk; jd;trkhf ,Ue;J Ml;og; gilj;jjhy; kdpjd; vd;W bgah; te;jJ. jhd; kdpjd;. kdJ + jd; vd;gJ mnjnghy; ehd; vd;w Mztk;
78
nknyh';fp ,Ue;jtid eu + mfk;/ eu mfk; bfhz;ljhy; eud; vd;Wk; bgah; cz;lhapw;W. ,d;bdhd;W eufk; vd;W Vd; bgah; cz;lhapw;W vd;why;/ ehd;/ vdJ vd; kf;fs;/ vd;bghUs;/ vd; M!;jp/ vd;W FWfpa tl;lj;jpw;Fs; rpf;Fz;L mtDila mwpthdJ bray;gLk;nghJ fhkk;/ Fnuhjk;/ nfhgk;/ nkhfk;/ kjk;/ khr;rh;ak;/ lk;gk;/ <h;ir nghd;w jPa Fz';fspd;; tpistha; gy;ntW Jd;g';fSf;F Mshf nehpLk;. ,ijna eufk; vd;gJ. eu mfk;/ jPik mfk;/ jPikahd mfj;jhy; vGk; bjhy;iyfisna eufk; vd;W Twpdhh;. Mfnt Kjypy; J}a;ikahd kdj;ij/ mfj;ijg] bgWtnj "hdk; bgWk; tHpKiwahFk;.
kdpjdpd;
thH;f;if
fPH;fz;l
epiyfspy;
,a';FfpwJ. 1. 2. ,d;gk; Jd;gk; vd;fpw thH;t[ epiy. ,aw;if tpjpj;j CH;tpid ,iwepiy.
79
3. 4.
nkw;fz;l epiyfspy; kdpj Md;khthdJ gl;L bjsptila[k; ca;tpf;fty;yJ. bjspt[jhd; Jd;g';fis thH;it fise;J
,d;gj;ijf; ju ty;yJ. nkw;fz;l epiyfspy] btw;wp fhznt rhd;nwhh;fs; ey;y E}y;fis vGjp rpwg;ghf thH tHp tiffisr; Twpr; brd;whh;fs;. TWfpd;w nghd;w gog;gjpd; mtw;wpy; E}y;fs; fhtpa';fs;. \yKk; fij thapyhff; nghd;wJ. E}y;fis gftj;fPij ,j;jifa thH;f;if
\yKk; gapd;W mwbewp gpwHhJ rj;jpak;/ jh;kk;/ ePjp/ vd;fpd;w xG';F Kiwapy; cWjpahd gHf;fj;ij filgpoj;J thH;e;jhy; kdpjDila thH;t[ rpwg;ghft[k;/ ,d;gkhft[k;/ mikjpahft[k; mika[k;. ,Jnt Md;kPf gazj;jpw;F
80
jpwt[nfhyhf mika[k;. Md;kPf thH;t[ vd;W epiyawpe;J vz;zk;/ mjd; brhy;/ bray;
,ay;iga[k; ,tw;why;
gpwHhJ thH;e;J tUtJ Md;kPf thH;thFk;. ,g;go mwbewp nghw;wp xGfp thH;tjhy; Md;kh J}a;ik bgw;W KGik milfpwJ. rpwg;ghd Md;kPfg; gazk; vd;W xUtif ,jw;F ,J xU Twyhk;. Md;k
jd;Dila mwptpd; bjspthy; ,g;go thH;f;if nkw;bfhs;tjhy; Md;k "hdj;ij ,tw;iw jUk;. "hdk; vd;W bfhs;syhk;. Md;kPf thH;t[ jhd; jdpkdpj xGf;fk; kpf kpf Kf;fpak;. jdpkdpj xGf;fk Md;k "hdj;jhy; kl;Lnk bgw Koa[nk jtpu kw;w bray;ghLfshy; bgw KoahJ. jdpkdpj xGf;fnk xg;gw;w xGf;fkhd rKjhakhf khw cjt[k; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.
81
mwtHp gpwHhJ thGk; bka;"hd tpsf;fj;jpd; \ynk jdpkdpj xGf;fk; tsUk;. cyf kf;fs; eyk;ngz Koa[k;. vd;fpw jtg;gapw;rp/ kl;Lk;jhd; ,aYk;. bka;"hd tpsf;fk; vd;fpw fpilf;Fk;. tpsf;f';fis mth;fs; bjhl;Lf;fhl;oa[k;/ Md;k mwptpd; bjspnt "hdk;. mJ mwk;/ jtk; Kaw;rpa[s;sth;fl;nf jj;Jt';fspd; mJ kw;wth;f;F rhj;jpak;.
mwpe;jth;fSf;nf
kdjpy; cjak; MFk; xU bray;ghl;il vz;zk; vd;W TWfpnwhk;. vz;zk; vd;gJ kdjpd; xU rf;jp MFk;. btl;lbtsp btspa[yfpy; g[wg;bghUsplk; Mfh;#zk; vd;w fth;e;jpGf;Fk; <h;g;g[r; rf;jp ,Ug;gijg; nghyt[k; me;j <h;g;g[r; rf;jpia vjphpilahf tpyf;fpj;js;Sk; tpfh;#z rf;jp ,Ug;gijg; nghyt[k; vz;zk; vd;gJ kdjpy; ,Uf;Fk; xUtif rf;jpahFk;.
82
,aw;ifapy; vy;iyaw;w Mw;wy; ml';fpa[s;sd. ,aw;ifahd ,e;j ,aw;iff; fs";rpaj; jpypUe;J kdJ vd;w fUtpahdJ rpwpjst[ fpufpj;J vLj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. mt;tpjk; fpufpj;j me;j rf;jpia \yKk;/ cztpd; \yk; rf;jpia mJ kdk; jd;Dilajhf btspna cztpd; \yKk;/ ,af;fk; cz;L jdf;Fhpajhf Mf;fpf;bfhs;fpwJ. gpwF me;jr; vz;z';fshf ,e;j \yk; ntW rf;jp ekJ fhw;wpd; cly; rf;jpfSk; brYj;JfpwJ.
Rthrpf;fpd;w
eilbgWtJnghy/ ,Jnghynt mnj cztpd; Nl;rkkhd gz;zg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j Nl;Rk rf;jpfis mJ ehk; vz;z';fs; vd;W brhy;Yk; totj;jpy; btspna Js;SfpwJ. Mfnt kdk; vd;W brhy;yg;gLtJ mwpfpnwhk;. mwpt[s;sjy;y vd;gij
njhd;WfpwJ. mt;tpjk; mJ njhd;Wthjw;F vd;d fhuzk;> vd;why; mwpt[s;s Md;kh mjd; gpd;dhy; ,Uf;fpwJ. cz;ikapy; Md;kh xd;nw
83
xd;W kl;Lk;jhd; mwpt[g; bghUshf ,Uf;fpwJ. kdk; vd;gJ btspa[yfj;ij fUtpahf Md;kh kl;Lnk gw;Wtjw;Fg; ,Uf;fpwJ. totj;jpy; cz;ikapy; gad;gLk;
cjhuzkhf ,e;jg; g[j;jfj;ij g[wj;jpy; g[j;jfk; vd;w ,e;jg;bghUis bfhs;tjpy;iy. mwpe;J ,Uf;Fk;. ehk;
vLj;Jf;bfhs;nthk;.
mwpe;J bfhs;s Koahj ,e;jg;bghUs; ekJ kdijr;brd;W jhf;fp xU J}z;Ljiy mjhtJ miyfs; vd;w cz;L totj;ijg; gz;qfpd;wd. ,e;j J}z;LjYf;F gjpy; jUk; tifapy; kdk; g[j;jfk; bghUs;gLj;JfpwJ. miyfs; ,t;tpjkhf jz;zPhpy;
cz;lhtijg;nghy kdjpy; vz;z miyfs; njhd;Wfpd;wd. btspna ,Uf;fpdw cyfk; kdjpy; miyfs; njhd;Wtjw;F fhuzkhf btsp ,Uf;fpwJ. g[fj;jfj;jpd; cUtnkh ahidapd; cUtnkh kdpjdpd; cUtnkh cyfj;jpy; ,y;iy. mjhtJ mtw;iwg;gw;wp
84
btspapypUe;J tUk; J}z;LjYf;Fg; gjpyhf ekJ kdjpy; Vw;gl;l tpUj;jpfisg; gw;wp kl;Lk;jhd; ehk; mwpe;jpUf;fpnwhk;. fhuzkhf kl;Lnk g[wj;jpy; ,e;j
,Ug;gJ kdjpy; tprj;jpia cz;Lgz;qtjw;F mike;jpUf;fpwJ. cz;ikia tpsf;Ftjw;F xU Kj;Jr;rpg;gpia cjhuzkhf vLj;Jf; bfhs;nthk;. Kj;J vg;go cz;lhfpwJ vd;gJ vy;nyhUf;Fk; bjhpe;jnj. g[wj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; xl;Lz;zpahf xU fpUkp Kj;Jr;rpg;gpapd; cWj;JfpwJ. Xl;Lf;Fs; g[Fe;J mij mjhtJ rpg;gpf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; tpLtpg;gjw;fhf jpuhtfj;ij rpg;gp mjhtJ
vdhky; tifia ff;fp btspg;gLj;JfpwJ. gpwF rpg;gp jdf;F cgj;jputk; tpistpj;j fpUkpia Rw;wpYk; me;j vdhky; giriag; g{rpf;fpUkpia \o kiwj;J tpLfpwJ. ,jdhy; Kj;J cz;lhfpwJ.
85
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mnjrkaj;jpy; jd; vdhky; giria btspna mDg;g[fpwhd;. gpwF jd;Dila me;j vdhky; g{r;irna vija[k; ghh;f;fpwhd;. kdpjdhy; Mfnt jtpu g[hpe;J kdk; ntW bfhs;s cz;Lgz;zpa mDgtj;ijj;
,aYtjpy;iy. cz;ikahd Md;kh kdjpw;F gpd;dhy; ,Uf;fpwJ. mjd; ifapy; cs;s cz;ikahd fUtpahf kdk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
86
kdpjdhfpa eP (Md;kh) epw;Fk;nghJjhd; kdk; mwpt[ila jhfpwJ. mg;nghJjhd; kdJf;F mwpe;J bfhs;Sk; jpwika[z;lhfpwJ. Md;kh kdijf; iftpl;LtpLk;nghJ mJ J}s;Jshfr; rpjwpg;ngha; ,Ug;gplkhFk;. xd;Wnk ,y;yhky; btWik mile;J tpLfpwJ. rpj;jk;/ kdk;/ vy;yhk; xU mjpy; vGfpd;w miyfSk;/ RHpfSnk tpUj;jp vd;w bgah;. ,e;j tpUj;jpapd; \ynk ek;khy; mwpag;gLk; ekJ gpug";rkhf tps';FfpwJ. ,d;g';fisa[k; mjpnyna mof;fo Md;kh/ kdk; vd;w epiyapy; Jd;g';fisa[k; yapj;J mDgtpj;J jdJ gpwtp tpUj;jp vd;wfpw miyfshYk;/ RHpfshYk;/ MH;e;j czh;r;rp
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87
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loK hjfJilf Fdgnfkauf Huofjyf jgfGhfhagfxuf Sp_fJlf. Huofjyf jgfGhfhagfxuf S:nfkauf DbafIjyf jgfGhfhagfxuf Sp_fJlf. DbafIjyf jgfGhfhagfxuf S:jfJlf loskof Whfwha{Klf manfk wma=hspaj S:hfhaof. Fiof Dkgfxuf Whfwha{Klf Hof msashfHkf ki{lf. Fdlkspao Ljlf. Wkfkdjp hs;mfmdopaoaUlf h;h;hfhsofT nskaolajjf djpabfG witfts whTlf kstof whtftioajstaof. DbafI jgfGhfhagfxuf S:hfhiof kstlfhg ApfnfK witfts jaBlf iufuhlf Dyfyioaj S:jfjstaof. Dbafmfms jgfGhfhagfxuf dikfKjf wjayfhiOjfJ kqdljyf wn:_fjaK. nufu APUlf nufu Ae;ajfjspLyfyioajIlf S:hfhaof.
88
DbafIjfJlf Snfk VgfgkfkstfJlf wn:_fjsp wkagafH DbfG. i[spsuf ngnfK wmufUjsoft ehaK Wksafha;ak ishkfdkjf jaBjsoft ehaK S;kfklf DdtnfKisGlf ehaoft Dbafmfms EtfhGksoftK. V:iof maGlf ehaK maGkdu lolf EtfTjf wjayfyaluf ejah Dbafmfms eleua_fjs ks:hfhs Fido mag eibfGlf Wofjst Akfks; DbafI ekaofTjstK. Sekehau mLkapkfksuf FUiujkfksUlf mas Dtisoafjyf nbfhafjyf lkfkspsUlf mas hufeiT mlfhi_fjysof culf losk lolaoK ejah, kah, Sofh, Kofh_fjYjfJ AyajstK. Sofh Kofhlf Wofhek losk ia[fjfdj. eldu nagfG Fts]of V:iof wmaofoaof Sofhlf Kofhlf Wofjst Ddgjdykf kaeo latfts latfts ehagfGjf wjyfjsetalf Woftaof. Ajei ia[fjfdj WofhK Vaf Hkfkjlf. msaskfkiafjyf msaskfKjf wjabfeg S:nfkKlf Sufdu F{kiafjyf F{Kwjabfeg S:nfkKlf Sufdu. msashfhiaf F{iKlf, F{kiaf msashfhKlf Foftag ia[fjfdjhf Hkfkjkfksof Fkfkspap_fjyf. Sofhlf EtfhGlf ehaK lo
89
ljs[fmfms FdgjstK. Kofhlf EtfhGjsoftehaK lolf eikdo FdgjstK. Aj Snfk Sofhlf, Kofhlf Woft Snfk S;bfG wmpufhaGlf W_fej ekaofTjstK? Wo A;apfmfms wmpfK haafjfJlf ehaK Vifwia: loskosof Adm, is:hfH, Atftadl, WksafhaafhfH, whatadl ehaoftitftauf Dbfgajsofto. losk lolf Fdk kaof is:lfHkstK. jsdgkfkauf lsj lsj mnfekamlf FdgjstK. i:lfhspK nsdteitak ehaK Kofhlf FdgkstK. Dyfyhxep Sdi Sofhlf Kofhlf kaoa? Wofjst ejyfisjfJ, Sdi Sofhlf Kofhlf Fufu WofTkaof hksuf wmaufuspaj eibfGlf. ja;blf Sdijdy Wufualf hs;mfmdojyf. hs;mfmdojdymf mnfkshfhktfJ Sdtiof nljfJ FtsI, dj, jauf, Dguf WofT Wkfkdo Fip_fjdyjf wjaGkfks:jfjstaof. Ajei hs;mfmdojdy mnfkskfK idjhfhGkfk Ftsp Spuak ja;bel Sofhlf, Kofhlf Aj haisjfjstaof loskof. Dyfyhxep Kofhlf WofhK VofT DbfG Woftauf hmsjfwjaGdl,
90
ia[ i[spsufdu, FK Kofhlf. kq;ak enapf, FK Kofhlf. lodkhf hjfJihfhGkfk wkaspak ja;bkfkauf mLkapkfksuf hufeiT mlfhi_fjdyhf haafjfjsetalf. SyipK iaushof ks:lblf ngnfK S;bfG cofT lak_fjey Ajsofto. ktfwjadu wmpfK wjabfgaof Woft wmpfks, wmpfkskfkausuf i:jstK Wofo ja;blf? Woftauf jaiuf Kdt kjiuf FtsishfH, jbiof ldois Sdgep kj;aT WofT wmpfkskf ka[suf ehaghfhgfGyfyK. Sofwoa: Htlf Fek wmpfkskf ka[suf 85 ipK nsdtI whtft Snfksphf hs;klaf 100 ejaxdpkf kabfxp <okfKdj lsJnfk Snfksp nagfdg huf eiT hs;mfmdojYjfJ lkfkspseu msaskfKkf wjabfeg nagfdg AYidkPlf haafjfjsetalf. 26 ipksuf ks:lblf Ao Sdy]of jbiof, ldois, hsbjfjauf ktfwjadu wmpfk Anfk Sdy]of lodkPlf haafjfjsetlf, 85 ipK kyfyak ipksuf nagfdgep nsafijsjfjsoft ipkao Snfk lokfdkPlf haafjj f setlf. Wofo eiThaG? WofT haafjfJlf ehaK hs;mfmdojdy <q;bskfK kqafIjaBlf ksbfdl 90 ipK LksnfkiafjfJ
91
S:jfjstK. Fiaf ia[fjstaaf. Fek lokfksbfdl iaushOjfJ Sufdu. Fnfk iaushof Dpsaf S[nfkaof. Shfhxhfhgfg Snfk ksglao lokfksbfdl Vifwia:i:lf Whfhxhf whTiK? Woftauf FktfJ i[sjagfGiK Aoflqjlf. Aoflqjkfkauf lgfGel lokfksbfdl whtLxPlf. Aofl Woftauf Dpsaf. Snfk Dpsasof isdypagfGkf kkfKikfdk FtsnfK wjabfgauf lolf wmlfdlpaJlf. Vifwia: maofeta:lf Dpsaf isdypagfGkf kkfKikfdk Ftsp F:lf haGhgfGyfyaafjyf.
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92
maka;b losk ia[fjfdjpsuf ljfjyf Wufeua:lf kkfKi ]aosjyaj LxPla? FktfJ en;lf EK? Woft ejyfiskaof Sofdtp mLkapkfksuf Lofeo nstfjstK. Fijamlf S:jfjstiafjyf kkfKi ]aos Aj LpU_fjyf. Fijamlf Sufuakiafjyf DgduPlf Dpsd;Plf ehBjsoft hpstfms whT_fjyf. Shfhpstfmspsof culf lolf hjfJilf FdgPlf. ekdiptft ejahlf, lo F{kfklf, kqafjfjlao LxI WGjfJlf Atftuf, J[hfhltft kofdl, enaptft Ae;ajfjsplao Dguf Sdijdyhf whtfT Sofhlaj ia[ualf. lolf hjfJihf hGiktfjaj EtfhgfgKkaof cmfMhf hpstfms, Amohf hpstfmsjyf ehaoftdijyf. lokstfJ Fyhfhasp Atftuf DyfyK. loksof Atftuauf WdkPlf makskfKjf jagfg LxPlf. Fhfhx makdo hdgkfkiafjyf kaof kdulps;auf uaasdp S{hfhi:lf, jbfhaafdipauf S:lfHjf jlfhsdp idyhfhi:lf, jbfhaafdipaeu wl|flasmlf wmpfK jagfGhiafjyf huaf Snfk Dujsuf Dyfyoaf. hs;h]fm Atftduhf whTiktfjfJ hu i[sjyf S:nfkaUlf Fdk whtfT hpof wht
93
eibfGlaoauf FktfJasp Ve; j:is lolf kaof. losk lolaoK Wdk nsdojfjsteka Fdk FdgnfKisGlf. Dka;blaj hblf mlfhakskfK hbjfja;of AjeibfGlf WofT Fek Jtsjfejayaj S:jfjstiof hbjfja;of Ajs;aof. Fekehauf gajfgaf AjeibfGlf, Wof<soqpaf AjeibfGlf Wofjsoft Wbfbkfksof isdyiaj nagfglf wjayfjstK lolf. hsofH FKiaj latsisGjstaof. maka;o mLkap ia[fjfdjpseuep DofOdgp lolf DojfJ eibfxpdkkf k:jstK. FktfJasp kJks lokstfJ S:jfjstK. Fek ehauf Aoflqjhf hadkpsUlf Sjia[fjfdjpsUlf mas, Dof lolaoK Wdk Qafjsteka Fdk FdgpLxPlf Wo Ftsp LxjstK. Fkoaeu kaof nufu wmpfksjdy, nufudijdy, lolf Fdk ejgfG QafkfK nufuhxpaj loskof wmpufhg eibfGlf Wofjst Fxhfhdgpseu kaof kafllf, nqks, enafdl, V{_fJ, hbfhaG FkfkdoPlf Etfhgfgo.
94
Snfk mLkap V{_fJjfJ laThgfG ngjfjst loskdo Snfk mLkaplf VKjfJjstK, nsnfksjfjstK. Fkoauf loskof Sj ia[fjfdjpsuf Jtftiauspajstaof. mLkaplf Dofdo JtftiauspajfJjstK. mLkapjf JtftkfKjfJ Ayajs Kofhhf hGjstaof. Sjia[fjfdjpsuf lsj lsj LjfjsplaoK S;bfG: 1. mLkap V{_fJ, 2. Sufut V{_fJ. mLkap V{_fJ ehau Sufut V{_fJjfJ laThgfG V:iof ngjfJlf ehaK kaof Sufutkfksuf Kofhlf i:jstK. SufutkfksafjfJ WofT Vaf Sujfjblf S:jfjstK. Fkofhx ia[jf jtfTjf wjayfy eibfGlf. jbfbsplf, jtfH, enafdl, mLkapkfdkmf maafnfK ia{lf jgfGhfhaG. jbiTjfjaj ldoisPlf, ldoisjfjaj jbiOlf, Siafjyf S:i:lf emafnfK J[nfdkjdy iyafjfjsoft laofH, ipkao jaukfksuf J[nfdkjyf whtfetaaf jiosjfj eibfxp whaThfH, Sitfdt Sufut
95
Sujfjblf nljfJ ehaksjfjstK. Snfk Sufut Sujfjblf laThGlf ehaK losk ia[fjfdj KofhlajstK. JGlfhkfksuf mmfm;Ijyf Wkoauf EtfhGjsofto Woftauf jbioaoiof ldois Sgkfkseu msu WksafhaafHjdy Wksafhaafhfhaof. Fnfk WksafhaafhfHjfJ Etftaaf ehauf ldoispsof wmpufhaG Sufduwpoftauf Dgeo Fiof loksuf ljs[fmfms S:jfjaK. Fek ehauf jbiof Shfhx S:jfj eibfGlf WofT ldois Wksafhaafhfhayf. WksafhaafhfH ngiak ehaK loljs[fmfms Sufdu. kapflaafjyf msu iqgfxuf J[nfdkjyf hxjfjisufdu Wofhktfjaj J[nfdkjdy ejahkfekaG FxkfJ KofHTkfKjsoft nsj[fmfmsdp haafjfjsetalf. Fek ehauf msyaf ldoisdp FxkfK KofHTkfKjsoft jagfmsdphf haafjfjsetalf. mtfT hxkfkiafjyf jGdlpao iaafkfdkjyauf V:id; V:iaf kbfxkfK wjayfikaUlf lolf eikdohfhGjstK. FUiujkfksuf maspaohxeidu wmpfpisufdu WofT eluksjaas ksgfGikaUlf lolf eikdohfhGjstK. Shfhx Foftaglf
96
FOhishfhK kaof losk ia[fjfdjpajstK. Snfk nsdudp latft Wofo wmpfp eibfGlf? losk lokfdkhf hbfhGkfk eibfGlf. lolf hbfhg eibfGlaoauf Lkusuf nufu msnfkdo, nufu wmpufhaG, nufuiafjeyaG DtI, Sdti[shaG ehaoft Dpasp wmpufjyauf lokfdk hbfhGkfk eibfGlf. msu losk:jfJ lo S:jfjel ia[fjfdjpaj S:jfJlf. Fiafjyf wmaufiK kaof mas WofT maksjfjsoftiafjyf DbfG. Fhfhx h[js i:jsoft Fnfk h[jfjkfksof ja;blaj lolK lo S:jfj iphfhgfG isGlf. lolf S:jfjLyfyiafjYjfJ Dbfdljyf HasnfK wjayfYlf Atftuf Sufualuf ehaJlf. ja;blf Dgusof FBjfrTjyf Fhfhx EtfT EtfT h[js kofOdgp <qi mjfks JdtnfK isGjstK. Dps;atftuf, <qi mjfks Jdtnfk loskOdgp FtsiaoK maspao Ldtpsuf wmpufhgaK. FhfehaK hs;mfmdojYjfJ kqafI jaBlf kstdo lolf S[nfK isGjstK. Ajei <qi mjfksdphf ehbsjfjahfhK lsj lsj Fimsplf AjstK. Fnfk <qi mjfksdp ehbsjfjahfhK kaof epajlf WofhK.
97
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98
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99
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100
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101
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102
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103
btspa[yfj;ij Mj;kh gw;Wtjw;Fg; gad;gLk; fUtpahf g[j;jfk; kl;Lnk vd;w ,Uf;fpwJ. totj;jpy; cz;ikapy; mwpe;J ehk; bfhs;s miyfis vd;w cjhuzkhf g[wj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; mwpe;J Koahj cz;L ,e;jg;g[j;jfj;ij vLj;Jf;bfhs;nthk;. ,e;jg;bghUis bfhs;tjpy;iy. J}z;Ljiy/ tifapy;
,e;jg;bghUs; ekJ kdijr;brd;W jhf;fp xU mjhtJ g[j;jfk; gz;qfpd;wd. ,e;j J}z;LjYf;F gjpy; jUk; kdk; totj;ijg; jz;zPhpy; bghUs;gLj;JfpwJ. ,t;tpjkhf
miyfs; cz;lhtijg;nghy kdjpy; vz;z miyfs; njhd;Wfpd;wd. btspna ,Uf;fpd;w cyfk; kdjpy; miyfs; njhd;Wtjw;F fhuzkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. g[j;jfj;jpd; cUtnkh ahidapd; cUtnkh kdpjdpd; cUtnkh btsp cyfj;jpy; ,y;iy. ekJ kdjpy; mjhtJ mtw;iwg;gw;wp tpUj;jpfisg; gw;wp btspapypUe;J tUk; J}z;LjYf;Fg; gjpyhf Vw;gl;l
104
Mfnt kdk; cz;Lgz;zpa mDgtj;ijj; jtpu ntW vija[k; kdpjdhy; g[hpe;J bfhs;s ,aYtjpy;iy. cz;ikahd Md;kh kdjpw;F gpd;dhy; ,Uf;fpwJ. mjd; ifapy; cs;s cz;ikahd kdJf;F fUtpahf kdk; ,Uf;fpwJ. mwpt[ilajhfpwJ.
kdpjdhfpa eP (Mj;kh) epw;Fk;nghJjhd; kdk; mg;nghJjhd; mwpe;J bfhs;Sk; jpwika[z;lhfpwJ. Mj;kh kdijf; iftpl;LtpLk;nghJ mJ J}s;Jshfr; rpjwpg;ngha; xd;Wnk ,y;yhky; btWik mile;J tpLfpwJ.
,g;nghJ
kdk;
vd;d
vd;gijg;
g[hpe;J
bfhz;Oh;fs;.
105
,Ug;gplkhFk;. mjpy; vGfpd;w miyfSf;Fk;/ RHpfSf;Fnk/ tpUj;jp vd;w bgah;. ,e;j tpUj;jpapd; \ynk ek;khy; mwpag;gLk; cyfk; ekf;F gpug";rkhf tps';FfpwJ. Md;kh/ kdk; vd;w epiyapy; tpUj;jp vd;w miyfshYk;/ RHpfshYk;/ gpwtp ,d;g';fisa[k; kwe;J Jd;g';fisa[k; kha cyfpy; mDgtpj;J mjpnyna MH;e;J yapj;J jdJ nehf;fj;ij mof;fo thGk;nghJ mj;jifa czh;r;rptrg;gLfpwJ. Md;khjhd;
czh;r;rptrg;gLk;
nguhir/ rpdk;/ gw;W/ ghy;fth;r;rp/ cah;t[ jhH;t[/ t";rk;nghd;w mWtif Fz';fshf khw;wk; bgWfpwJ. Md;kh ,g;gog;gl;l jdf;Fk; Mfnt tpLgl Fz';fspd; gpwh;f;Fk; gpug";r rpj;jh;fs; vGfpd;w vGr;rpapd; fhuzkhf kPz;Lk;/ kPz;Lk; gHpr;bray;fs; Jd;gj;ij khia bra;J cz;lhf;FfpwJ.
106
vd ehd;F tifg;gLk;. ,dp xU bghUis ,d;dJ vd epr;rapf;Fk; g[j;jp/ mjid Kd;ida gHf;fk; gw;wp mjd; tpidf;F <lhf mijj; jdf;F ,d;gk;/ cwthfnth/ Jd;gk;/ kaf;fk; vd gifahfnth/ ,g;go czh;jyhy;; \d;W tpj bghJthfnth czUk;.
107
,t;thW
ghpzkpj;J epw;Fk; g[j;jpia/ Md;kh ,J Jd;gk;/ ,J ,d;gk;/ ,J ,uz;Lkpy;yhjJ vd mwpe;J gpd; mf;Fzk; njhd;Wfpd;w fhuzj;jhy; ehd; ,d;g[w;nwd;/ czUk]. fz;L Jd;g[w;wnd;/ ,t;t[zh;t[fs;; ,d;g[Wk; nghJ ka';fpndd;/ fhl;rpfs; Kd;dh; vd MFk;. ,J
khdrf;fhl;rpa[k;/ ,J ,d;d ,d;gk; vd;Dk; jd;; czh;t[ fhl;rpa[k; xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf fhuz fhhpa Kiwapy; fly; miynghy; Md;khtpd; czh;tpy; te;J njhd;Wk;. ,g;goahf Md;kjj;Jtk; 24k; Md;kht[f;Fj; J}atotpy; neu; bjhlh;g[ld; bray; gLfpd;wd.
rpj;jh;fs; kdij ghpgf;Ftk; bra;tjd; \yk; "hdj;ijg; bgwKoa[k; vd;W czh;e;J bjhpe;J
108
xUtd; j';f Mguzk; bra;a ntz;Lbkd;why; ciyapy; ,l;L fha;r;rp j';fj;ij/ jfLfshf;fp/ fk;gpfshf;fp/ gf;Ftkhf;fp Mguzk; bra;fpd;whnd/ mJnghy kdija[k;/ cliya[k;/ nahfj;jpd; \yk; gf;Ftg;gLj;jp "hdk; bgw cfe;j tHpfisf; ifahz;lhh;fs;. kf;fSf;Fk; gy;ntWtpjkhd \yk; g[yd;fis nahf btsp gapw;rp E}y;fs; \yk; vGjpitj;Js;shh;fs;. Mfnt jFe;j gapw;rpapd; tptfhu';fspy; Kiwfis nghftpl;L Mjpf;fk; brYj;jtplhky; g[yd;fis bty;tjw;Fg; fl;Lg;gLk;. fz;Lgpoj;jhh;fs;;. mjd; \yk; Rthrk; jhdhff; Rthrk; fl;Lg;gLk; nghJ kdRk; fl;Lg;gLk;. kdk; fl;Lg;ghl;oy; ,Uf;fpd;wth;fns rpwe;j nahfpfs;. mij mfj;jpah; TWk;nghJ/
109
kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; ke;jpuk; brgpf;fntz;lhk; kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; thrpia epWj;j ntz;lhk; kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; thrpia cah;j;j ntz;lhk; kdkJ brk;ikahdhy; ke;jpuk; brk;ikahnk
nkw;fz;l
ghly;
kdj;jpwk; gapw;rpa[k;
njitapy;iy vd;W TWtjpypUe;J kdij itj;J Mfnt gHfpf;bfhs;s tHf;fkhf vJt[k; gHf;fkhfp gpd;g[ tHf;fkhf
110
,it
rPuhf/ ve;j
bray;glhky; ,uj;jnkh/ fhw;nwh/ btg;gnkh/ bray;gLkhdhy; mqf;Tl;lk; khWghlhfr; bray;gLfpwnjh me;j ,lj;jpy; eypt[Wk.; Jd;gk; $Ptrf;jpahd capUf;Fj;
czh;itj;jUk;. ,j;jifa Jd;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpLgl VjhtJ xU tHpiaj;njLfpwJ. mJ xU brayhfnth bghUshfnth NH;epiyahfnth ,Uf;fyhk;. ,e;j ,e;j njlny ehl;lkhfpwJ/ Jd;g Kaw; tpist[ tphpe;J Kaw;rpahfpwJ/ gpd;g[ brayhf;fk; bgWfpwJ. njlypd; bjhlh;gaznk njita[zh;thft[k;/ ,d;gJd;g Kothft[k; czh;thft[k;/ rpahft[k;/ fshft[k;/
brayhft[k;/ bjspthft[k;
bray;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhf clnyhL bfhz;l bjhlh;ghy; capUf;F Vw;gLk; mDgt';fspd; bjhFg;ghf bray;gL:fpwJ. kdk vd;w Nl;Rkf;fUtp
111
5 kkfKi_fjyff
me; j g; g"; r g{j Mw; w y; vg; g o kdpj rhPuj; j py; bray; g LfpwJ vd; g ijg; ghh; g ; n ghk; . ,t; t [ y fnk Ik; b gUk; g{j mqf; f shy; MdJ. ,t; i tak; bgWk; g{j mqf; f spy; xt; b thd; W k; / xt; b thU mqt[ k ; 96 jj; J t'; f s; mike; J s; s d. ,e; j 96 jj; J t'; f ns kdpj rhPuj; j py; bray; g Lfpd; w d.
112
jj;Jt';fs; 96 1. Kjy; jj;Jtk; 30 2. ,uz;lhk; jj;Jtk; 30 3. \d;whk; jj;Jtk; 36 Kjy; jj;Jtk; 30d; tpguk; 1. g{jk; 5/ 2. bghwp 5/ 3. g[yd; 5/ 4. fd;nke;jphpak; 5/ 5. fd;ktprak; 5/ 6. fuzk; 4/ 7. mwpt[ 1. mjd; tpguk; tUkhW/ g{jk; 5/ 1. gpUjptp-kz;/ 2. mg;g[-ePh;/ 3. nja[-mf;dp/ 4. tha[-fhw;W/ 5. Mfhak;-btsp.
113
bghwp 5/ 1. brtp/ 2. njhy;/ 3. fz;/ 4. ehf;F/ 5. \f;F g[yd; 5/ 1. rj;jk;-nfl;fg;gl;lJ (brtpf;F caph;f;TW)/ 2. ghprk;-bjhL czh;t[ mwptJ (clk;g[f;F capy;TW)/ 3. cUtk;-fhz;gJ (fz;qf;F caph;TW)/ 4. ,urk;-mWRit caph;f;TW)/ 5. fe;jk;-thrd mwpt[ (\f;Ff;F caph;TW) fd;nke;jphpak; 5/ 1. tha;/ 2. fhy;/ 3. if/ 4. mghdk;/ 5. Fwp mwptJ (ehf;Ff;F
114
fd;k tprak; 5/ 1. ngRjy;-thf;Ff;F caph;f;TW/ 2. flj;jy;-fhYf;F caph;f;TW/ 3. bfhLj;jy;/ th';fy;-iff;F caph;f;TW/ 4. tpLjy;-vUtha; caph;f;TW/ 5. kfpH;jy;-Fwpf;F caph;f;TW fuzk; 4/ 1. kdk;-xd;iw ,izg;gJ/ 2. g[j;jp-mjid tprhhpg;gJ/ 3. mf';fhuk;-mjidf; bfhz;L nky; vGk;g[tJ/ 4. rpj;jk;-mjidr; bra;J Kog;g[/ mwpt[ 1/ 1. jd;idf; fz;L kfpH;e;jpUj;jy; ,uz;lhk; jj;Jtk; 30d; tpguk; 1. eho 10/ 2. tha[ 10/ 3. ra';fs; 5/ 4. nfhrk; 5/ eho-10 1. gpuhzd;/
115
2. mghdd;/ 3. tpahdd;/ 4. cjhdd;/ 5. rkhdd;/ 6. ehfd;/ 7. Th;kd;/ 8. fphpfud;/ 9. njtj;jd;/ 10. jd;brad; 1. gpuhzd; g[Ut kj;jpapy; njhd;wp rpj;j ehoapy; g[Fe;J \yhjhuj;ij mile;J/ bjhg;g[s;/ gpd; \f;Fj; jhdj;jpy; Kl;o ,lfiy/ gpd;fhiyfspy; Xo fghyj;ijr; Rw;wp/ \f;F Jthuj;jpy; btsptUk; Rthrk; 12 m';Fyk; ePz;L btspte;J ehd;F m';Fyk; fHpe;j 8 m';Fyk; cs;ns brd;W kPz;Lk; g[wg;gl;l ,lj;jpypUe;J Rthrk; Jt';FfpwJ. ,g;gor; bray;gLk;
116
Rthrk; ehHpif xd;Wf;F 360 Rthrk; ,ut[ gfy; 60 ehHpiff;F 21/600 Rthrk; kdpj clypy; bray;gLfpwJ.1 ,e;j Rthrk; 21/600-f;F tpguk;/ 1. \yhjhuj;jpy; Rthrk; 6000 2. Rthjpl;lhdj;jpy; Rthrk; 6000 3. kzpg{ufj;jpy; Rthrk; 6000 4. mdhjfj;jpy; Rthrk 6000 5. tpRj;jpapy; Rthrk; 1000 6. Mf;fpidapy; Rthrk 1000 7. Rfd;ufhuk; Rthrk; 1000 ehs; xd;Wf;F 21/600 Rthrk; ,a';fp ,jpy; 7/200 Rthrk; fHd;W 14/400 Rthrk; cs;ns brd;W 2. mghdd; kdpj cliy brayhf;fg; gLj;JfpwJ.
117
Fjj;ija[k;/ Fa;aj;ija[k; gw;wp epd;W kyrhjpfis fHpg;gJ 3. tpahdd; njhypny epd;W ghpr';fis mwptpg;gJ 4. cjhdd; gpria czlhf;fp cz;l czit cztpd; tsh;g;gJ. 5. Rkhdd; vy;yh tha[tia[k; VWjy;/ ,w';Fjy; rf;jpia mjhtJ rhuj;ij 72/000 eho euk;g[fspy; brYj;jp rhPuj;ij
,y;yhky; rkdhff; bfhz;L ,a';FtJ 6. ehfd; tpf;fYk;/ ff;fYk; cz;lhf;FtJ 7. Th;kd; fz;zpny epd;W ,ikg;gJ 8. fphpjud; g[Utkj;jpiag; gw;wp epd;W Jk;ky;/ mGtpj;jy; bra;tJ 9. njtjhj;jd;
118
nghJ a[j;jk;
XLtpj;jYk; gz;qtpj;jy;
10. jd";brad; gpuhzd; clk;ig tpl:Lg;nghdYk; jhd; gphpahky; epd;W clk;ig ,a';fr; bra;J tphptpj;jYk; bra;J \d;W ehl;fSf;Fg; gpwF fghyj;ijg; gpse;J Xog;nghtJ ra';fs; 5/ 1. mkh;thrhak;/ 2. gfph;thrhak;/ 3. rhythrhak;/ 4. kdthrhak;/ 5. Rf;fpy thrhak; 1. mkh;thrhak; cz;l czt[ rhuk; mkUkplk; 2. gfph;thrhak; md;d rhuk; gfph;e;J bfhLf;Fkplk; 3. rhythrhak; ePh; ,w';Fk; ,lk; 4. kdthrhak; kyf;FHp ,w';Fk; ,lk; 5. Rf;fpy thrhak; Rfpyd; gphpa[k; ,lk;
119
nfhrk; 5/ 1. md;dka nfhrk;/ 2. gpuhzika nfhrk;/ 3. kndhika nfhrk;/ 4. tp";"hdka nfhrk;/ 5. Mde;jka nfhrk;. 1. md;dka nfhrk; Jynjfkhfpa clk;g[ 2. gpuhzika nfhrk gpuhzDk; fd;nke;jphpaKk; To epw;gJ 3. kndhika nfhrk; kdKk; "hnde;jphpaKk; To epw;gJ 4. tp";"hdka nfhrk; g[j;jpa[k; "hnde;jphpaKk; To epw;gJ 5. Mde;jka nfhrk; gpuhztha[k; Rkj;jpa[k; To epw;gJ \d;whk; jj;Jtk; 36d; tpguk; 1. Mjhuk; 6/ 2. kz;lyk; 3/ 3. kyk; 3/ 4. njhrk; 3/ 5. Vlid 3/
120
6. Fzk; 3/ 7. ,uf;fk; 8/ 8. tpid 2/ 9. mt!;ij 5. Mjhuk; 6 1. \yhjhuk;/ 2. Rthjpl;lhdk;/ 3. kzpg{ufk;/ 4. mdhfjk;/ 5. tpRj;jp/ 6. Mf;i" 1. \yhjhuk; vUtha;/ ehw;rJuf;Fs;ns ehspjH;
Kf;nfhz totkhf ,Uf;Fk/; vGj;J X';fhuk;/ epwk; khzpf;f epwk;/ fzgjp. 2. Rthjpl;lhdk; vUtha;f;Fk; nkny ,uz;L tuw;fil mst[k; vGj;J eh bjhg;g[Sf;Ff; fhuk;/ gilg;g[ fPnHa[k; gpuk;kh/ ,Uf;Fkplk;/ ehw;nfhzk;/ MW ,jH;/ brk;bghd; epwk;.
121
,jd;
eLnt epw;Fk; vGj;J kh fhuk;/ gj;J ,jH;/ kufj epwk;/ njtij tp#;q 4. mdhfjk; ,Ujak;/ Kf;nfhzkhdJ/ eLnt ,Uf;Fk; ,jH;/ vGj;J rp gd;dpwd;;L cUj;jpud; 5. tpRj;jp fhz;lk; (fGj;J)/ mWnfhzk;/ 16 !;gof ,jd; fhuk;/ epwk;/
,jH;/ nfk epwk;/ vGj;J th fhuk;/ njtij knfRtud; 6. Mf;i" g[Ut kj;jp/ tl;lkhapUg;gJ/ 3 ,jH;/ gof epwk;/ vGj;J a fhuk; nkw;fz;l tpguj;jpd; \yk; Mjhuk; Mwpnya[k; MW vGj;J Xk; ekr;rptha/ MW Mjhuk; MWtplhft[k;/ ,jH;fs;
122
Tl;odhy;
51
ml;ruk;
vd;gJk;
fz;Lbfhs;s ntz;Lk;. kz;lyk; 3 1. mf;dp kz;lyk;/ 2. Mjpj;j kz;lyk;/ 3. re;jpu kz;lyk;. 1. mf;dp kz;lyk; ,J \yhjhuk; MFk; 2. Mjpj;j kz;lyk; ,Uja !;jhdk; MFk; 3. re;jpu kz;lyk; rfd;fhu jskhFk;. kyk; 3 1. Mztk;/ 2. fhkpak;/ 3. khia 1. Mztk; clk;ig ehd; vd;W ,Ug;gJ 2. fhkpak; fz;ltw;wpy; kdk; Mirg;gLk; 3. khia jdf;F tUtij mwpahky; ,Ug;gJ. njhrk; 3 1. thjk;/ 2. gpj;jk;/
123
3. jpnyhj;jkk; 1. thjk; tha[tpd; bray; tpist[ 2. gpj;jk; mf;fpdpapd; tpist[ 3. jpnyhj;jkk; fgj;jpd; tpist[ Vlid 3 1. mh;j;j Vlid/ 2. g[j;jpu Vlid/ 3. cyf Vlid 1. mh;j;j Vlid jputpaj;ij njo Mirg;gly; 2. g[j;jpu Vlid g[j;jpuh;fs; njo Mirg;gly; 3. cyf Vlid cyf tpra';fs; njo Mirg;gly; Fzk; 3 1. ,uhl;rfk;/ 2. jhkrk;/ 3. rhj;tPfk; 1. ,uhl;rfk; mf';fhukha; btl;lsk;/ fof;fskhapUg;gJ 2. jhkrk; Fj;jt[k;/
124
ke;j g[j;jp/ cd;kj;jkha;/ kj;jpakha; ,Ug;gJ 3. rhj;tPfk; mlf;fk;/ md;g[/ tpntfk;/ Ik;bghwpahf;fy;/ mUs;/ "hdk;/ jtk;/ bghiw/ bfhz;oUg;gJ ,uhfk; 8 1. fhkk;/ 2. Fnuhjk;/ 3. cnyhgk;/ 4. nkhfk;/ 5. kjk;/ 6. khr;rhpak;/ 7. ,Lk;ig/ 8. mf';fhuk; 1. fhkk; Mir 2. Fnuhjk; gpzf;F 3. cnyhgk; gpoghL nkd;ik/ tha;ik ehl;l'; Kjypatw;iwa[ilajha
125
4. nkhfk; gphpak; 5. kjk; fh;tk; 6. khr;rhpak; cjl;oy; cwt[k;/ cs;sj;jpy; gifa[k; itg;gJ 7. ,Lk;ig cjhrPdk; 8. mf';fhuk; nfhgpj;jy; tpid 2 1. ey;tpid/ 2. jPtpid 1. ey;tpid g[z;zpak; bra;jy; 2. jPtpid ghtk; bra;jy; mtj;ij 5 1. rhf;fpuk;/ 2. brhg;gdk;/ 3. RHj;rp/ 4. Jhpak;/ 5. JhpahjPjk;
126
1. rhf;fpuk; yyhlj;jhdk; 2. brhg;gdk; fz;l!;jhdk; 3. RHj;rp ,Uja !;jhdk; 4. Jhpak; ehgp (bjhg;g[H;) 5. JhpahjPjk; Fwpaplk;
Kg;gJ Kg;gJ Kg;gj;jtWtU"; brg;g[ kjpYilf; nfhapYs; thH;gth; brg;g[ kjpYilf; nfhapy; rpije;j gpd; byhg;gpyd; tU nkhl;blLj;jhnu
96 jj;Jt';fSk; ek;Kila rhPuj;jpd; vg;go> bray;gLfpd;wd vd;W ghh;j;njhk;. ,jpy; Md;kj;Jtk; vd;gJ 24. Mitahtd/ 1. g{j';fs; 5/ 2. jd;khj;jpiufs; 5/ 3. "hnde;jphpa';fs; 5/ 4. fd;nke;jphpak; 5/ 5. me;jf;fhuzk; 4
127
Mfpa ,e;j 24-k; Md;kht[f;F J}a tothf ,Ue;J nenu bjhlh;g[ bfhz;L tps';Ftjhy; Md;k jj;Jtk; vdg;gl;lJ. nkw;fz;l Md;kjj;Jtj;jpd; tpsf;fj;ij vth; mwpthnuh mtnu ,t;t[yfj;jpy; thHj;bjhpe;jtd; Mthd;. Rit/ xsp/ CW/ Xir/ ehw;wKkdpiwe;jpd; tif bjhpthd; fl;nl cyF vd;w ts;Sth; tha;ik bghHpapd; \yk; fhzyhk;. nkw;fz;l g{j';fspd; Ie;jpd; Nl;Rk Fz';fns jd;khj;jpiufshFk;.
kkfKi isyjfjlf
mz;l btspapy; cz;lhd Mw;wYf;F Vw;g ekJ clyhdJ bray;gLfpwJ. Mw;wYf;F 24 Vw;g jj;Jt';fnshL btspapy; ekJ clyhdJ To 24 mz;l cz;lhd
jj;Jt';fnshL ToaJ.
128
fhw;W/
Mfhak;/
Mfpa
Ie;J
g{j';fspd;
Tl;Lf;fyitahy; cz;lhdnj kdpj cly;. nkw;fz;l g{jk; xt;bthd;wpw;Fk; totk;/ Fzk;/ epwk;/ vGj;J cz;L vd;W "hdpfs; Twpa[s;sdh;. Ie;J g{j';fs; xt;bthd;Wf;Fk; vl;L tpjkhd Fzhk;r';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jpy; Nl;rk Fz';fs; vd;fpw jd;khj;jpiu cz;L. mJnr rg;jk;/ !;ghprk;/ +gk;/ urk;/ fe;jk; vdg;gLk;. ,ijna Xir/ CW/ xsp/ rit kzk; vdg;gLk;. ,e;j Ik;g{j';fs; njhd;wpa vg;go clypy; bjhHpy jd;dpaf;f g[hpfpd;wd> vd;W Muha[k; nghJ gukhq vd;fpw Mjpapy; rptrf;jpapd; RHw;rpapdhy; mz;l nguz;l';fs; cUthapd.
129
6 h]fm^k_fjyf
gukhqf;fspd; gy;ntWgl;l ,af;f epfH;r;rpfns nghpaf;f kz;lyk; mjd; Kjy; jdpepiy tpz; vdg;gLk;. mtw;wpd; Kjy; bfhj;J epfH;r;rpna fhw;W vdg;gLk; mit nkhjpf; bfhs;tjhy; Vw;gLk; btg;g epfH;r;rpna beUg;g[ vdg;gLk;. ePuftha[/ gpuhztha[/ vDk; ,Utifahd fhw;W
130
Fwpg;gpl;l mstpy; nrUk;nghJ ePh; MfpwJ. ePhpd; ,Ufpa epiyna kz;/ ,t;ite;J epiyfSk; Ie;J bgsjPfk;/ Ie;J gphpt[fs; Mdgoahy; mtw;iw g";rg{j';fs; vd;fpnwhk;. Ie;JbghUl;fSk; Mf;Fk; fl;lj;jpy; jP g{kpia czlhf;FfpwJ (vhpkiyf;FHk;g[). vhpkiyf; FHk;g[ rhk;gy; g{rp cnyhfj;ij cz;lhf;FfpwJ (jhJg;bghUl;fs;). cnyhfk; ePiu cz;lhf; FfpwJ (Fsph;e;j ePh; cs;s lk;shpd; btspapy; ePh; Kj;Jf;fs);/ ePh; fhw;iw czlhf;fp ku';fisg; bgUf;Ffpd;wJ. gukhqtpd; gyfl;lf; bfhj;J epfH;r;rpfis CW/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk; vd;w xt;bthU vGr;rpa[k; tpisaj;jf;f gphpt[fshfg; gphpj;J vGr;rp/ fth;r;rpahf cs;s mGj;j ,af;ff;fl;lj;ij tpz; vd;Wk;/ xyp vGr;rpbgwk; ,af;fj;ij fhw;W vd;Wk;/ xsp vGr;rpbgWk; ,af;fj;ij beUg;g[ vd;Wk; Rit vGr;rp bgWk; ,af;fj;ij ePh; vd;Wk; kzk; vGr;rp bgWk;
131
,af;fj;ij
kz;
vd;Wk;
TWfpnwhk;.
tp";"hdpfs; TWk; 103 tifahd elements fSk; ,t;ite;J ghpt[fspy; ml';fpa[s;sd. kz;zpd; ,Wf;fj; jhy; gyntW cnyhf';fs; tpisfpd;wd vd;whYk; mitbay;yhk; g";rg{j';fs; vd;fpnwhk;. epyk;/ ePh;/ beUg;g[/ fhw;W/ Mfhak;/ Mfpa Ie;J g{j';fspd; Tl;Lf;fyitahy; cz;lhdnj kdpj cly;. nkw;fz;l Ik;g{jk; xt;bthd;wpw;Fk; totk;/ Fzk;/ epwk;/ vGj;J cz;L vd;W
g{jk; tot[ ehw kz; nfhzk; ghjk; ePh; gpiw btz;ik t jd;ik bra;jy; Kf; jP nfhzk; fhw;W mWnfhzk; fUg;g[ a gue;J brk;ik u btk;ik tpjpj;jy; rhpj;jy; ,lk; Mfhak; tl;lk; g[ifik Q btspahjy; bfhLj;jy; gpe;J mWg[s;sp mKj rjhrptk; knfrd; rhe;jp xd;W Rthjpfk; tpj;ij jhkiu jpUkhy; gpujp#;il bghd;ik y fodk; jh';fy; tr;rpfuk; mad; epth;j;jp epwk; vGj;J Fzk; bjhHpy; Fwp bja;tk; fiy
rhe;jpa fPij
132
"hdpfs; cs;sJ.
Twpa[s;sdh;.
mJ
gpd;tUkhW
133
gLfpd;wd. Kjy; jj;Jtk; 30/ ,uz;lhk; jj;Jtk; 30/ \d;whk; jj;Jtk; 36. Mf 96.
h]fm^kLlf DgUlff
cz;ikahd bghUspd; tpsf;fj;ij Md;kh mwpa[k;nghJjhd; ek;Kila kaf;fkhd khia ek;ik tpl;L tpyfp bjspthfpwJ. mg;nghJjhd; bghUshf bka;a[zh;t[k; fpilj;Js;sJ. gukhq epiy ,Uf;Fk; bghUshff; fUJk; ,g;nghJ epfH;r;rpahd ,e;j Vw;gLfpd;wJ. mjd; Kjy;
mog;gilapy; bjhlh;e;J rpe;jpj;jhy; mqf;fs; ,ize;J tpz;/ fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh;/ epyk; vd;w Ie;J gphpt[fSk; mtw;wpypUe;J mGj;jk;/ xyp xsp Rit kzk;/ mwpt[ vd;w MWtifahd epfH;r;rpfSk; eilbgWfpd;wd vd;gJ bjhpa[k;. bka;epiyahfpa gubtspa[k; capy; epiyahfpa
134
xU
ntWghLf;sjhd;
czug;bgWk;
gphpt[fshfpa tpz;/ fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ jz;zPh;/ epyk; vd;gdthFk;. ,t;ite;J gphpt[fspy; xU epiynahL kw;w epiyia Rit/ gytpj ve;j mstpy; mwpt[[ mtw;wpd; Vw;w vd;w jhH;t[ ,g;go jd;dpaf;fk;/ To ,ize;J ,a';Ffpd;wnjh mjw;F Vw;g mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ kzk;/ MWtifahd gphptpYk; epiyfSk; xt;bthU bjhlhpaf;fk;/ ,e;j epfHr;rpfSk; xt;bthU
gpujpgypg;g[ ,af;fk;/ juk;/ khw;wk; Vw;gl;L xd;W ,a';Fk; epfHr;rpfshfpd;wd. bjhlh; Kiwapny ,a';Fk; epfHr;rpfs;
135
mjd;
kj;jpapy; gFjpapy; tpiut[ Fiwe;j mqf;fs; nky;nehf;fp ePh;tuk;gpw;F nky; te;J bfl;oahd ghpzhknk epykhFk;. nkYk; g{kpapd; eLikaj;jpy; Vw;gLk; mqf;fs; mGj;jj;jhy; btg;gk; mjpfkhfp mjd; tpisthf cnyhf';fs;/ ,uj;jpd';fs;/ ,urhad';fs; ,itaht[k; cw;gj;jpahfpd;wd. nkYk; nkYk; tpise;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpd;wd. Kiwhafj; kpd;rhuk;/ jhdhf fhw;W/ ePh;/ cz;lhFk; Mfpa mq mLf;Fg;bgw;w xU ,af;f kz;lyj;jpy; fhe;jk;/ ehy;tifr; RHy;fSk; Vw;gl;L bfhs;sy;/ js;sy; vd;w ,af;f epfH;r;rpfs; Kiwahf eilbgWk;nghJ mJ tpj;jhfpd;wJ. nkYk; mt;tpj;jhdJ Mw;wyhy; vGr;rp bgw;W ,a';fp jhtu ,dkhfpa Xuwpt[ $PtdhfpaJ. mjpypUe;j <uwpt[ ,dkhd g[G njhd;wp/ mijj; bjhlh;e;J \twpt[/ ehywpt[/ Iawpt[g; gpuhzpfs;/
136
kdpj
,dKk;
,t;thW gunk mqbtd;w capuhfp mJnt ,af;fj;jhy; Ritahfp/ ,j;jifa clyhfp kzkhfp/ ghpzhkj; xU ,a';Fk; caph;rrf;jpahfp mr;rf;j;jpna xypahfp/ jpwDkhfp/ caph;fs; vd;w ghpzhk rpwg;ig ,ize;j
kz;lyk;jhd; gpug";rk;/ g";rg{jk; vd;wiHf;fg; kdpjdhd $Ptdplk; mDgtKk; rpe;jida[k; To mwpt[g; bgUf;fk; Vw;gl;L jd; fhuz epiyeho Muha[k; nghJ/ guepiy eho Muha[k;nghJ me;epiy czh;e;j kdpjdhy; jj;Jt tpsf;fk; Vw;gl;lJ. gpug";r ghpzhkk; xU tisaj;ijg; nghd;wJ. ,J guj;jpny bjhl';fp mq/ fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh;/ epyk;/ Xh; mwpt[ $Ptd; Kjy; Iawpt[ $Ptd; tiua[s;s kdpjd;. kdpjnd jd; ,ay;iga[k;/ epiyia[k; czh;e;jnghJ jhd; njtd; vd;W filrpapny guj;jpny Kot[ bgWfpwJ. flypny njhd;Wk; miyfs; flypny
137
ml';FtJ nghyt[k;/ ePhpd; mirit miybad kjpf;fg;bgWtJ nghyt[k; guk;k jdJ ,af;ff; fl;l';fSf;nfl;g;g gy;ntW msptYk; tYtpYk; Vw;w jhH;t[fis bfhz;l ,af;f'; fshft[k; fhl;rpfshft[k; ,Uf;fpdwd. ,it mwpthy; czug; gLfpd;wd. vdnt ehk; fhqk; ve;jj; njhw;wKk; bghUs; epiyapy; gunkahk; guj;ij; jtph;j;J ntW bghUs;jhd; VJ> fhqk; njhw;wKk; fhz;gtDk; ,af;f epiyfspy; xg;gpl;L czUk; fUj;Jf;F ntW ntwhf tpsf;fg;bgw;w nghJk;/ MH;e;j Muha;e;j tpsf;fj;jpy; bghUs; epiyahfpa guKk;/ mjd; epiyahfpa fhl;rpa[k;/ epfH;r;rpapd; epHr;rpahfpg; guj;jpny Koe;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; mwpt[k; \d;Wk; xd;whfnt ,Uf;Fk; ngUz;ik mf;fhl;rpahFk;. cyfj;jpYs;s bghUl;fs; aht[k; kdpj ,dk; cl;gl xt;bthd;Wk; xt;bthU \yg;bghUshy; Mdit. mit mHpa[k; nghJ VjhtJ xU jdpg;bghUspy; nrh;e;JtpLk;. ,J ,aw;ifapd;
138
tpjp. fhw;W/
,j;jdpg;bghUl;fs; jd; epyk;/ ePh;/ beUg;g[/ jdpg;bghUl;fs; jdpj;J ,a';fpdhYk; ,it xd;iw xd;W fl;Lg;gLj;jpathW cs;sd. fhw;W kz;iz cwp";Rk;/ ms;sp tPRk;/ kz; vjphp ePiuf;fl;Lk; ePh;/ beUg;g[ beUg;g[f;F
btw;wplj;ij Ml;bfhz;L tpLk;/ btw;wplnkh fhw;iw Ml;bfhz;L tpLk;/ ,Jnt ,aw;ifapy; mike;j rkepiyj; jj;JtkhFk;. ,it xd;iw xd;W kp";Rk;nghJ cyfpy; nguHpt[ Vw;gLk;. ,ij Ie; ehk; fz;Tlhff; (g{jk;) fhz;fpnwhk;. cs;sd. Jd;g';fis czh;fpnwhk;. kdpj clypYk; ,e;j jdpg;bghUl;fs; g";rg{jkhfpa Ie;J jdpg;bghUl;fshy; Md ,t;t[lk;g[ Kotpy; kz;nzhL neuoahfnth kw;w ehd;F jdpg;bghUl;fshy; ce;jg;gl;L gpd;dh; kz;nzhL kz; nrh;tJ jpz;zk;. njhy;kz;/ tha;-ePh;/ fz;-beUg;g[ tapW-btsp \f;Ffhw;W ,e;j Ie;J jdpg;bghUl;fSk; xd;iw xd;W
139
fl:Lg;gLj;jp rkkhf itj;jpUf;Fk; tiu mikjp epyt[tijf; thGk; thH;nt fhzyhk;. ,e;j Ie;j nehaw;w vd;gJk; gy jdpg;bghUl;fSk; xU fl;Lg;ghl;oy; ,Ue;jhy; thH;f;if brhh;f;fkhFk;. bry;tk; ,iwtd; Fiwtw;w
KJbkhHpahFk;.
cyfpy;
$Ptuhrpfisg; gilj;jhh;. 84 Mapuk; $Ptuhrpfs; vd;W TWth; rhd;nwhh;. Mdhy; ehk; mwpe;jJ vd;dnth xU E}W ,UE}W vd;whny mjpfk;. ,jpny kdpjdpd; gilg;g[kpft[k; mhpa xd;W. mwpt[ KGikaile;j xd;W vd;W brhy;fpd;wdh; "hdpfs;. gunk mqthfp mq ,af;fj; bjhlh; tpisthf mJnt gy fl;lf; fhl;rpfshfp/ gyg;gytd tps';Ffpd;wd ntWghLfisg; vd Kd;dnk bgw;W mwpe;njhk;.
mJnt J}a mikg;gpy; capuhft[k;/ czh;r;rp epiyapy; fhyk;/ J}uk;/ gUkd;/ ntfk; vd;w vy;iyfspy; fl;Lg;gl;l czh;tpy;/ ,d;g Jd;gkhft[k;/ fzpjj;jpw;F cl;gl;l gythft[k;
140
,e;j ehd;F msitfisf; fle;j nghJ vy;yhk; xd;Wgl;L tpsf;f';fs; gukhft[k; bjspthf ,Uf;fpd;wJ czug;bgWk;. vd;w gunk
ehdhft[k; cs;sJ. ehd; vd;gJ jdpna ,y;iy. guj;ijj; jtph;j;J ntW xd;Wnk ,y;iy. ,af;f epfH;r;rpfs; midj;jpw;Fk; bghUshft[k;/ mtw;wpw;F Kjy; \y rf;jpahft[k; ,Ug;gJ guk;bghUs; xd;nw. Mjpepiyapy; gukhft[k;/ mqepiyapy; capuhft[k;/ mqf;fs; ,ize;j bfhj;J ,af;f epfH;r;rpapy; cUt';fshft[k;/ fhl;rpfshft[k;/ ,af;f';fshft[k;/ ,Uf;fpd;w me;j xU bghUs; ehd; vd;w brhy;ypd; cz;ikf;fUj;J vd;W bjspthf tps';Fk;. mGj;jkhf mqf;fs; ,ize;J ,a';Fk; xU epfH;r;rpna J}a cly;. mjDnl mGj;jk; Fiwe;J Mdhy; tpiut[ mjpfkhfp Nf;Fkhfr; RHd;W ,a';Fk; mqj; bjhlhpaf;fnk caph;/ J}aj;jpDnl caph;rf;jp RHd;W tUk;nghJ Vw;gLk; nkhjy; epfHr;rpapypUe;J xyp/ xsp/ rit
141
kdk;/ czh;jy; vd;Wk; bjhlh; epfH;r;rpfs; tpisfpd;wd. clYk; mqf;fshy;/ capUk; mqf;fshy; mqf;fspd; \ynk guk; Mfnt clyhf capuhf czh;thf mtw;wpd; Kotpy; gukhf ,Ug;gtd; vtndh mtnd ehd;. ehd; vdg;gLgtnd mtd;. mtd; vdg;gLtd; bja;tk; vdg;gLfpwhd;/ Mjpbadg;gLfpwhd;. gpuk;kk; vdg;gLfpwhd;. mtidj; jtph;j;J jdpna xU epfH;r;rpa[k; ,y;iy. mtnd ehd;/ ehnd mtd;/ vd;W bjspthf czh;e;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. jd;idg; g[yd; czh;r;rpfshy; vy;iyfl;o czUk; jd; Kidg;ng kaf;fk;. ,';Fjhd; bjspt[ bgw;W eP';fp xHpfpd;wJ.
gukhqf;fspd; gy;ntWgl;l ,af;f epfH;r;rpfns nghpaf;f kz;lyk;. mjd; Kjy; jdpepiy tpz; vdg;gLk;. mtw;wpd; Kjy; bfhj;J epfH;r;rpna fhw;W vdg;gLk;. mit nkhjpf; bfhs;tjhy; Vw;gLk; btg;g epfH;r;rpna beUg;g[ vdg;gLk;. ePuftha[/ gpuhztha[ vDk; ,Utifahd fhw;W
142
Fwpg;gpl;l mstpy; nrUk;nghJ ePh; MfpwJ. ePhpd; ,Ufpa epiyna kz;. ,t;ite;J epiyfSk; Ie;J bgsjPfk; gphpt[fs; Mdgoahy; mtw;iw g";rg{j';fs; vd;fpnwhk;. kz;zpd; ,Wf;fj;jhy; gyntW cnyhf';fs; tpisfpd;wd vd;whYk; mitbay;yhk; g";rg{j';fs; vd;fpnwhk;. gukhqtpd; gyfl;lf; bfhj;J epfH;r;rpfis CW/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk; vd;w xt;bthU vGr;rpa[k; tpisaj;jf;f gphpt[fshfg; gphpj;J vGr;rp/ fth;r;rpahf cs;s mGj;j ,af;ff;fl;lj;ij tpz; vd;Wk;/ xyp vGr;rpbgwk; ,af;fj;ij fhw;W vd;Wk;/ xsp vGr;rpbgwk; ,af;fj;ij beUg;g[ vd;Wk;/ Rit vGr;rp bgWk; ,af;fj;ij ePh; vd;Wk;/ kdk; vGr;rp bgWk; ,af;fj;ij kz; vd;Wk; ghpt[fspy; khDlk; gpw TWfpnwhk;. Element tp";"hdpfs; TWk; 92 tifahd fSk; ,t;ite;J gd;dbdL';fhykhf kdpjidg;
ml';fpa[s;sd. mz;lbtspapy;
nghd;w
143
cz;lh vd rpe;jid te;Js;sJ. cjhuzkhf ghftjk; kdpjh;fisg; gpug";rj;jpy; Nhpaidg; nghy nghd;W m';F nkk;gl;l gynfho thGk; $Ptd;fisf; Vw;gl;l kj Nhpad;fSk;/ gyfpuf';fSk;/
Fwpj;J ngRfpwJ. g";r g{jj;jpy; g{kpapy; kl;Lnk capUk;/ fpufk; mwpt[k;/ vd njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l fUJk;
ek;gpf;iffSk; cs;sd.
h]fm^k_fjysof wmpufhaGjyf
g";r g{j';fSk; xU epfH;r;rp kz;lyj;jpy; mJ rpwpjhdhYk; bghpjhdhYk; ve;j tpfpjj;jpy; fye;Js;sdnth/ mjw;nfw;g ,af;f ntfj;jpYk;/ tpist[fspYk; ntWghL cz;lhFk;. fhw;wpy; tpz;qk;/ btg;gj;jpy; fhw;Wk;/ tpz;qk; ePhpy; btg;gk;/ fhw;W/ tpz;/ ,ita[k;/ kz;zpy; ePh; btg;gk; fhw;W tpz; Mfpa ehd;Fk; mlf;fk;.
144
,g;go fye;J ,a';Ffpd;wd. xt;bthU g{jKk; jd;dstpy; jdpj;jdpna ,a';Fk;nghJ xU jd;iknahLk; kw;bwhd;wpy; ,a';Fk;nghJ me;j ,af;f kz;lyj;jpy; mike;j g";rg{jf;Tl;L/ mjd; fhyk;/ J}uk; gUkd;/ ntfk;/ ,itfl;F Vw;g ntwhd btt;ntwhd jd;iknahL rpwg;g[j;jd;iknahLk; gynfhlhd nfhoj; tpz;zpd; ,a';Fk;. ,jdhy; xt;bthU epfH;r;rpa[k; ntW njhw;w';fshf cUthfpd;wJ.
mJ btg;gj;jpy; xsptpLk; mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ ,af;fj;jd;ikfs; me;j kz;lyj;jpy; xd;nwhL fhe;jk;/
xd;wpize;J xU kz;ly epfH;r;rpapy; Kiwahf ,a';Fk;nghJ kpd;rhuk;/ btg;gk;/ fhw;W Mfpa ehy;tifahd RHy;fs; Kiwahf mjdjd; ntfj;jpy; mjdjd;
145
ghijapy; RHd;W nkny brhy;yg;gl;l mGj;jk; Kjyhd Itif ,af;f';fspYk; g';FbgWfpd;wd. ,e;j Itif ,af;f mjph;t[ miyfs;
Kiwahfj; bjhlh;e;J eilbgWkhdhy; mjd; tpisthf tpj;Jf;TWfs; tpise;J ,ize;J me;j kz;lyj;jpy; czh;r;rp vd;w ,af;fk; cUthfpd;wd. mg;nghJ me;j kz;lyk; mwpt[ vd;w rpwg;gpaf;fj;jpw;F mog;gilahd tpj;J Mfpd;wJ. ,e;j tpj;Jf; nfhs';fs;jhd; mog; vy;yhtifahd nfhs';fs; caphpd';fSf;Fk;
gilahd rpw;wiufs; MFk;. ,j;jifa tpj]Jf; vz;zpf;ifapy; bgUfpf;To bfhj;jhf mike;J ,a';fp bfhs;sy;/ js;sy;/ czh;jy;/ tpj;jpLjy;/ vd;w rpwg;gpaf;f';fisg; bgWk;nghj rf;jp mj;bjhFg;g[ fhw;W/ ,af;fnk ePh;/ $Ptd; epyk;/ vdg;gLk;. ,e;j tpsf;fj;jhy; gukhq vd;w xnu xUg[wk; btg;gk;/
146
,itahfp J}yf; fhl;rpfhst[k;/ ,tw;wpDnl mnj gukhqtpd; vGr;rp fth;r;rp vd;w ,af;fr; rpwg;ng klf;F epfHr;rpfshfp xyp/ xsp/ Rit kzk;/ mwpt[/ vd;Wk; Nl;rk ,af;f';fshft[k; $Ptfhe;jkhft[k; kpsh;fpd;wd. ,j;jifa Nf;Fk epfH;r;rpfspy; mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk;/ Mfpa caph; vdg;gLk; czh;jy; vd;w epfH;r;rpna mwpt[ vdg;gLk;. caph;; ,af;fj;jpd; tpisthd xU rpwg;g[ epiyna mwpt[ MFk;. caph; vd;gJ gukhq. ,jd; ,af;f ntWghLfs; vz;zpwe;jd gphpt[fspy; epiwe;j ,e;epiyapy; vd;gjhYk; RUf;fkhf \d;W bjhpe;J bfhs;syhk;. nghpaf;f
kz;lyk; KGtJk; tpz; vd;w caph;j;Jfs; bgU';fskhf ,J gpug";r ,Uf;fpd;wJ. caph;;. ,Jnt
jpul;rp epiyfshd fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh;/ epyk; Mfpa ehd;F g{j';fspYk; cs; epiw Mw;wyhf mike;J xyp/ xsp/ Rit kzk; vd]w
147
tpist[fshf kyh;e;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; ,af;f epfH;r;rpfspy; ,Jnt g{jhfhrk; (g{jk; Mfhrk;) vdg;gLk]. tpj;J vd;w mog;gil mikg;igf; bfhz;L mq mLf;Fshy; mike;j clypy; ,nj tpz; czh;r;rp vd;w rpwg;ghw;wyhf kpsph;fpd;wJ. ,e;j epiyapy; mnj tpz;
rpjhfhrk; (rpj;jk; Mfhrk;) MFk;. ,Jjhd; $Ptd;. rpjhfhrk; vd;w epiynahL/ g{jhfhrKk;/ kfhfhrKk;/ neh; bjhlh;g[ bfhz;oUj;jyhy; xt;bthU $PtDk; gpu";rk; KGika[k; jd;ndhL ,izj;Jf;; bfhz;nl ,a';Ffpd;wJ.
h]fm^k ndg
cjfJkf Kia;kfksof eltfhJksdpmf maafnfk Miamlf Cxoauf cjfJkf kbfxof Wksaf Htlaj Cxoauf Fjfos jatfT
148
lbf nqaf
Miamkfdk dikfK Sj ia[fjfdjpsuf Whfhx Vifwia: wmpusUlf witfts jabfhK Wofhdk m; ma|fks;lf Wofjst Nzusuf isyjfjlajjf rthfhgfGyfyK. m;lf Woftaeu cmfM WofT wha:yf. SK cmfM ma|fks;lf WofhkaJlf. L{jfj m;ma|fks;kfdk isyjfjaisgfgaUlf M:jfjlajjf rTksetalf. mnfks; jdu ngjfJlf ehaK KzkOhfHkuf, kaeo KzK wmufuuf, Hkfkadgjyf Fbskuf, ks:lblf wmpfkuf, Agfjdy eidujfJ WGkfkuf, jsbT, Jylf wigfGkuf, iqG, ldo ia_fJkuf, JxHJkuf, wha:yfjdy istftuf, kojfJ eluaoiafjdy jabmf wmufUkuf, wkpfi hs;ksgfdg wmpfkuf, M;lf kqafkfkuf,
lbf, nqaf kkfKilf Dujspuf isija;lf Wofhkauf FK Ktit SpUjfJ WGkfKjf wjayfyhfhg lagfgaK. Fjfos nufisdo kqisdo S;bfdgPlf ma:lf. ltftdi Wufualf Ktit Spuf.
149
mlakaolf ehmuf, jufis ejgfGjf wjayfYkuf, Sdi Wufualf wmpfiK nofdlpaJlf. vasp jdu ngjfJlf ehaK J: Dhekmlf whtuf, Dhekmlf wmpfkuf, Wksasdp is;gfguf, hpsaf isdykfkuf, ispaha;lf ehmuf, kq;a i[jfdjkf kqafkfkuf, m_fjqklf haguf, ehmkf wkag_fJkuf, makskfkuf, wjaufUlf isgkfdkkf kqafkfkuf, Dbi:nfKkuf, nskfksd; wmpfkuf nofdlpaJlf. Shfhx Eof Snfk Snfk Miamlf ndgwhTlf ehaK Sofo Sofo wmpdu wmpfpmf wmaofoaafjyf WofhK ejyfis. vaspjdu ngjfJlf ehaK MiamlaoK hsgas i[spajhf ehapf wmpufhGlf. mnfks;jdu ngjfJlf ehaK cdypsof hJks L{jfj wmofTi:lf. Miamlf msu jolf Fksjlf AJlf ehaK APyf JdtjstK WofT mskfkafjyf jbfG hsxkfKyfyaafjyf. Lpuf 1 nsl sgkfkst fJ 36 cmfM 2 i:glf APyf Jksd ; 1 nsl sgkfkst fJ 16 cmfM 2 0 i:glf APyf
150
los k of 1 nsl sgkfkst fJ 16 cmfM 120 i:glf APyf Adl 1 nsl sgkfkst fJ 4 cmfM 500 i:glf APyf ekd; 1 nsl sgkfkst fJ 2 cmfM 2000 i:glf APyf eltfjbfg ish;hfhx Jksd;dphf ehauf loskof 1 nslsgkfkstfJ 16 cmfM isGjsoft ehaKlf FkOdgp APuf 20 i:glaj Jdtpjf ja;blf Jksd;psof eijlf Fksjlf. FK VGikauf Fkof APyf JdtjstK. SofwoaofT FkOdgp cu FBjfrtsof ha;lfhasp SpufHlaJlf. loskof 1 nslsgkfkstfJ 16 cmfM wmpufhgfgaUlf Jksd;dp ehaofT VGiksufdu, Dd[hfhksufdu hu lg_fJ Jksd;dpjf jagfxUlf Dd[hfH JdtI. Fkoaeu APgfjaulf 120 Aj nqgfxjfjstK. AdlpaoK lsjjf Jdtnfk FuI cmfM isGiK lgfGlufualuf FK wlKiaj Fxeluf Fx WGkfK wmufUlf. Fkoauf 500 i:glf ia[fjstK. ekd;epa 1 nslsgkfkstfJ 2 cmfM isGjsoftK. Fkof wmpufhaG lsj lsj JdtI Fkoauf 2000 i:glf ia[fjstK.epajsjuf k_fjyf kiiusdlpauf wiysep 12 F_fJulf
151
152
Miamlf Dkskfk Sgkfksuf nsdukfkauf mlaks ehasofh nsdupdgpualf, Aja;lf Softs S:jfjualf. loskOdgp Miamkfdk dikfK Whfhx wpufualf djpa[ualf Wofhdk haafjfJlf ehaK mskfkafjysof iufuhLlf FtsIjf rafdlPlf hs;lsjfj dijfjstK. hs;abapallf, iamsepajlf Wofjst hpstfmsjdywpufualf maspao J:isosglf wkasnfK wjabfG hpstfmspsuf St_fj eibfGlf. maka;blaj hufeiT Hkfkj_fjdyhf hxkfKisgfG hpstfms wmpfiK Dasp hudokf k;aK. msu eidyjysuf FKei DgUjfJ Sdg%T DbfgajfjsisGlf. hs;abpalkfksoauf Whfhx Wnfkiskkfksuf hpof Fdgjsetalf Wofhdk haafhfehalf. hs;abpalkfkauf FdgPlf nofdl, enapfjyf i;aluf kGjfjualf, Ae;ajfjsplao Dguaj dikfKjf wjayfUkuf, APdy Fksjaskfkuf. lokfksuf iusdlPlf, WdkPlf AeuamskfK maspao LxI WGjfJlf kbfdlPlf, Huofjysof F{jfJ ehaoftdijyf Mkfklf wmpfPlf. hs;abapl hpstfms culf kof lodk AYlf, AYdlkf
153
ks;do wht LxPlf. V:maka;b loskof V: nslsgkfkstfJ 25 Lkuf 30 id; Miam_fjyf isgualf. enapayspaj S:nfkauf Miamlf JTjspkajIlf, Wbfbsjfdj Fksjlaj S:jfJlf. ekafmfms whtft epajsjYjfJ V: nslsgkfkstfJ 15 Lkuf 18 id; Miamlf ndgwhTlf. m;amas 8 Miam_fjyf iskfkspamlff Dyfyo. hs;abapl makdopsuf witfts Fdgnfkiof FdgPlf huoaoK,
1 nslsgkfkstfJ 8 Miamlf lsJks, 1 lbsjfJ 8 x 60 = 480 Miam_fjyf, 1 nayf FufuK 24 lbs en;kfkstfJ 8 x 60 x 24 = 11520 Miam_fjyf lsJks, 8 Miamlf lsJkshfhGikauf loskosof APyf 1 i:gkfktfJ Mlaaf 162 nagfjyf FksjlaJlf, hs;abapl hpstfms ksolf 1/2 lbs en;lf wmpfkauf 1 nslsgkfkstfJ 2 Miamlf JdtPlf, 2 Miamlf lsJkspaoauf 1 i:gkfkstfJ APyf 6
nayf FksjlaJlf. SK Whfhx Ftsispuf ^afilaj DbafiK? Woft ejyfis Sptfdjpajei W{iK SpufH.
154
Dka;blaj elagfgaaf iajokfdkep WGkfKjf wjayfeialf. Fnfk iajokfkstfJ Fksjlf Vgfglf wjaGkfkauf FksUyfy haj_fjyf ekpfnfK 10 i:glf Cg eibfxp iajolf 5 i:gkfksuf kof kstdo S[nfK isGjstK. Fek ehauf nlK Dgusuf Dyfy FBkfks;ofjYlf Fksj cmfMjfjatfT wiusepTikauf Dpsafmf mjfksdp S[nfK Dguf isd;isuf kyafnfmfmspdgPlf. Ajei Miamhf hpstfms culf jgfGhfhGkfKlf ehaK Dgusof Dyf DThfHjfjysof Dpsaf mkfK is;plf JdtnfK APyf nqgfxhfHlf Ae;ajfjsp ia[fIlf Dbfgajsofto.
155
7 Fnfkjfja;blf
1. kdk;/ 2. g[j;jp/ 3. rpj;jk;/ 4. mf';fhuk; vd ehd;F tifg;gLk;.
156
xU bghUis mwpa g[yd;fshd bka;/ tha;/ fz;/ \f;F/ brtp/ vd;git g[wj;nj ,Ue;J bray;gLfpd;wd. gLfpd;wd. kdk; mit jUk; tpra';fisg; gjpt[ bra;J mfk;; cs;ns ,Ue;J bray; mfj;nj epd;W bray;gLk; fUtp xU bghwpthapyhf tUk; mff;fUtpfs; my;yJ me;jf;fuzk; MFk;. VnjDk; bghwpfspd; bra;jpfis me;jg;bghUspd; kPJ epWj;jp ,J ,d;djhf ,Uf;fyhk; vd epidj;J re;njf epiyapy; ,Ug;gnj kdk; vdg;gLk;. g[j;jp - mJ ,Jjhd; vd epr;rapf;Fk.; ,e;j epr;ra czh;t[ bray;totk; bgw fUtp/ fuzhjpfs; Cf;Ftpf;f MFk;. bfhz;L vGk;g[k; ,e;j tUjy; kdk; epfH;r;rpna rpj;jk; Kjypa mf';fhuk; Kot[f;Ff; vd;gjhFk;. fUtpfisf; bray;ghLifs
Md;khthdJ
bfhz;L czUk;nghJ mt;t[zh;t[ gw;Wjy;/ epr;rapj;jy;/ xUg;gl;L vGjy;/ rpj;jpj;jy;/ vd ehd;F tifg;gLk;. ,dp xU bghUis ,d;dJ
157
vd epr;rapf;Fk; g[j;jp/ mjid Kd;ida gHf;fk; gw;wp mjd; tpidf;F <lhf mijj; jdf;F cwthfnth/ czUk;. gifahfnth bghJthfnth ,g;go czh;jyhh; ,d;gk;/ Jd;gk;/ ,t;thW ghpzkpj;J epw;Fk;
kaf;fk; vd \d;W tpj Fz';fSs; xd;whf ghpzkpf;Fk;. g[j;jpia Md;kh ,J Jd;gk;/ ,J ,d;gk;/ ,J ,uz;Lkpy;yhjJ vd mwpe;J gpd; mf;Fzk; njhd;Wfpd;w Jd;g[w;wnd;/ fhuzj;jhy; ka';fpndd; ehd; vd ,d;g[w;nwd;/ czUk;
,t;t[zh;t[fs; ntjidf; fhl;rpfs; MFk;. g[wj;nja[s;s ntjidf; fz;qf; fpdpabjhU bghUisf; fz;L ,d;g[Wk; nghJ Kd;dh; ,J njhd;whfhl;rpa[k; ,d;dbjd czUk; khdrf;fhl;rpa[k;/ ,J ,d;d ,d;gk; vd;Dk; jd; ntjidf; fhl;rpa[k; xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf fhuz fhhpa Kiwapy; fly; miynghy; Md;khtpd; czh;tpy; te;J njhd;Wk;. ,g;goahf Md;kj;Jtk; 24-k; Md;kht[f;Fj; J}atotpy;
158
nenu bjhlh;g[ld; bray; gLfpd;wd. cyfpy; cs;s xt;bthUtUk; jdJ $Ptdpd; rhpj;jpuj;ijf; fz;L bfhz;lhy; cyfpy; vy;yhk; ,d;gk;jhd; ,t;t[yfpy; vJt[k; ey;yJk; ,y;iy ez;gd; giftd; fpilahJ. xt;bthU Md;kht[k; jd; Ra J}a mwpit mwpe;J tpl;lhy; vy;yhk; rkk;/ vy;yhk; ,d;g kak; MFk;. Mfnt Mj;k"hdk; bgWtJ ,d;wpikahjJ. kdpjd; thHj;bjhpe;jtd;. thH ntz;Lk;. gpd;gw;wpa[k; rpj;jk; thHntz;Lk;. bjhpahjth; bjhpe;jth; fhl;Lk; tHpia ek;gpa[k;/ gpd;gw;wpa[k; thHj;bjhpe;J thH:gth;fshd gf;jh;fs;. bfhz;L epr;ra ,e;j tUjy; czh;t[ mwp"h; bgUkf;fs; "hdpfis ek;gp mth;fisg; thH;gth;fns Kot[f;Ff; ,e;j bray;ghLifs
vd;gjhFk;.
159
8 koflakfksd;jyf
jd;khj;jpiufs; vd;gJ cUgz;g[ ,y;yhjit/ mqf;fs; xd;W To jd;khj;jpiu Mfpd;wd. jd; khj;jpiufspypUe;nj g{j';fs; njhd;Wfpd;wd
160
vd;W
Vw;fdnt
goj;njhk;.
g";rg{j';fs; ,nj
vd;whYk; Nf;Fk g{jk; vd;whYk; bghUs; xd;nw. ,itfs; ,ae;jphpa ,af;f';fSf;F Mw;wiyf; bfhLj;J bray;glitf;Fk;. "hnde;jphpakhd bka;/ tha;/ fz;/ \f;F/ brtp ,t;tidj;Jk; g";rg{j';fspd; bjhlh;g[/ mJ mjd; czh;r;rpfis mwpa[k;. fz;nke;jphpak; tha;/ fhy;/ if/ ,Utha;/ Fwp/ ,itfs; mjd; mjd; ntiyfisr; bra;a[k;.nkw;fz;l g{j';fspd; Ie;jpd; Nl;Rk Fz';fns jd;khj;jpiufshFk;. jd;khj;jpiufs; vd;gJ cUgz;g[ ,y;yhjit. mqf;fs; xd;W To jd;khj;jpiu Mfpd;wd. jd; khj;jpiufspypUe;nj g{j';fs; njhd;Wfpd;wd vd;W Vw;fdnt goj;njhk;. g";rg{j';fs; ,nj gpwg;g[f;Ff; fhuzk; jd;khj;jpiufs;.
161
,e;jphpa';fis Efh;r;rpapy; bjhHpw;gLtjw;Fj; Jiz bra;tdtha[k; cs;sd. ,itfs; g";r,e;jphpa jd;khj;jpiu ,af;f';fSf;F vd;whYk; Nf;Fk g{jk; vd;whYk; bghUs; xd;nw. Mw;wiyf; bfhLj;J bray;glitf;Fk jpwd; bfhz;lit. "hnde;jphpa';fshd bka;/ tha;/ fz;/ \f;F/ brtp ,t;tidj;Jk; g";rg{j';fspd; bjhlhghy; czuitg;gJk; ntiyfisr; jd;khj;jpiufs; mjdjd; czh;r;rpfis tha;/ ,e;j mog;gilapy; fz;nke;jphpa';fshd; bra;aitg;gJ[k; jhd;. ,e;j
bjhlh;e;J rpe;jpj;jhy; mqf;fs; ,ize;J tpz;/ fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh; epyk; vd;w Ie;J gphpt[fSk; mtw;wpypUe;J mGj;jk;/ xyp xsp Rit kzk;/ mwpt[ vd;w MWtifahd epfH;r;rpfSk; eilbgWfpd;wd vd;gJ bjhpa[k;.
162
bka;epiyahfpa gubtspa[k; capu;; epiyahfpa gukhqf;fSk; ,af;fk; mj;jifa tpz;/ xU vy;iyf;Fs; epiyfis mika[k; mstpd; tpfpjhrhuj;jpw;F Vw;g m';F eilbgWk; gy;ntW milfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf epyk;/ xU Vw;g ntWghLfs; btg;gk;/ ,t;ite;J ,a';Ffpd;wnjh jhd; jz;zPh; gphpt[fspy; mjw;F
epiynahL kw;w epiyia ve;j mstpy; To mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk;/ mwpt[/ vd;w MWtifahd epfHr;rpfSk; mtw;wpd; xt;bthU gphptpYk; gytpj Vw;w jhH;t[ ,g;go epiyfSk; xt;bthU bjhlhpaf;fk;/ ,e;j cz;lhf;Ffpd;wd. ,af;fj;jpYk; gythf
jd;dpaf;fk;/
gpujpgypg;g[ ,af;fk;/ juk;/ khw;wk; Vw;gl;L xd;W ,a';Fk; epfHr;rpfshfpd;wd. bjhlh; Kiwapny ,a';Fk; epfHr;rpfs;
163
ePuhfp mz;lbtspapny jd;idj;jhnd RHd;W Rw;wp kpje;J bfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wd. mjd; kj;jpapy;; tpiut[ Fiwe;j mqf;fs; beUf;f Kw;W fdw;FHk;ghfp nky;nehf;fp ePh;tuk;gpw;F nky; te;J bfl;oahd ghpzhknk epykhFk;. nkYk; g{kpapd; eLikaj;jpy; Vw;gLk; mqf;fs; mGj;jj;jhy; btg;gk; mjpfkhfp mjd; tpisthf nkYk; cnyhf';fs;/ bfhz;nl ,uj;jpd';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mq ,urhad';fshft[k; cw;gj;jpahfpd;wd. nkYk; tpise;J Kiwahfj; kpd;rhuk; jhdhf fhw;W/ ePh;/ cz;lhFk; Mfpa
mLf;Fg;bgw;w xU ,af;f kz;lyj;jpy; fhe;jk;/ ehy;tifr; RHy;fSk; Vw;gl;L bfhs;sy;/ js;sy; vd;w ,af;f epfH;r;rpfs; Kiwahf eilbgWk;nghJ mJ tpj;jhfpd;wJ. nkYk; mt;tpj;jhdJ Mw;wyhy; vGr;rp bgw;W ,a';fp jhtu ,dkhfpa Xuwpt[ $PtdhfpaJ. mjpypUe;j <uwpt[ ,dkhd
164
g[G njhd;wp/ mijj; bjhlh;e;J \twpt[/ ehywpt[/ Iawpt[g; gpuhzpfs;/ Mwwpt[s;s kdpj ,dKk; njhd;wpa[s;sd. capuhfp clyhfp mr;rf;;jpna mJnt ,t;thW gunk mqbtd;w jd;dGj;j xspahfp/ ,af;fj;jhy; Ritahfp
kzkhfp/ czUk; jpwDkhfp/ caph;fs; vd;w ghpzhk rpwg;ig bgw;wJ. ,j;jifa ghpzhkj; bjhlUk; ,af;f';fSk; ,ize;j xU nghpaf;f kz;lyk;jhd; gpug";rk; g";rg{jk; vd;wiHf;fg; gLfpd;wJ.
165
9 hs;h]fmlf
mqf;fs; njhd;wp mqf;fspd; ,izg;g[ ,af;f';fshy; mz;l nguz;lkhfp gpug";rkhfp cyfhfp caph;fs; gyt[khfp/ vj;jidnah nfho rPtuhrpfspy; ehDk; xUtd; vd;fpw bjspt[ bgWtnj bfhz;L "hdkhFk;. nghdhy; Koitg; gpoj;Jf; mwpayhk;. bjhlf;fj;ij
166
bjhlf;fj;ijg; gpoj;jhy; Koita[k; mwpayhk;. Mf gpwg;gpd; bjhlf;fj;ija[k; ,ijnajhd; Koita[k; mfj;jpah; mwptnj "hdk;.
TWk;nghJ/
kfj;jhd uf!;aklh "hdkhh;f;fk; ,z';fpanjhh; mUju';f khd Nl;rk; Vfhe;j Nl;fbkd;w fijiaf; nfS Fz';Ftpa Mjp me;jf; Fwpia ed;wha; brst[[kpa rhfuk] 113
nkw;fz;l ghly; \yk; Mjp me;jk; bjhptJjhd; "hdk; vd;gij mwpayhk;. cz;ikahd bka;g;bghUs;. ehDk; ,Uf;fpnwd; vd;W btl;lbtspjhd; mg;bghUspny czh;e;J btl;l
btspapny njhd;wpa caphpd';fs; mj;jida[k; vd; cld; gpw;e;njhh;fns vd;w mf czh;t[ gpwe;J ve;j caphpd';fSf;Fk; Jd;gk; mspf;ff;TlhJ/ tPLngW MFk;. Md;khthFk;. Jd;gg;gLfpd;w caph;fs; kPJ ,ij mila[k; $Ptd;jhd; btl;lbtsp/ bgUbtspahfpa
167
bka;g;bghUisna thdk; vd;Wk;/ thd; vd;Wk; TWth;. tPL ngW bgw;wth;fis thd; mth/; thdth; vd;W TWth;. njth; vd;Wk; TWth;. jhd; mth; jd;id mtuhff; fz;l fhuzj;jhy; jhdth;/ jiytd; vd;Wk; TWth;. jdJ gue;j mwpthy; vg;bghGJk; btl;l btsp bka;bghUs; ,izj;J rjhfhyk; epyt[k; mth;fspd; braYkhf cs;sj;jpd; ,Uf;fpd;wth;fSf;F
epiy Rth;f;fk;/ Rth; mfk;. Rth; vd;why; nghpd;gk;. fLe;jtj;jpd; \yk; Md;khthdJ jd;dpiy tpsf;fk; bgWfpwJ. mg;go tpsf;fk; bgWfpd;w J}a epiyiaj;jhd; "hdk; vd;fpd;wdh;. ,e;j KGik ngw;iwna rhd;nwhh;fs; tPLngW vd;Wk; TWfpd;wdh;. tPL vd;why; ,lk; my;yJ Mjhuk; vd;W bgah;. fhuzk; ,y;yhky; xU fhhpak; Mjhuk; Kog;gjpy;iy. ,Ue;njahf Mjhuk; ,y;yhky; Mnjak; gpwg;gjpy;iy. ve;j njhw;wj;jpw;Fk; ntz;Lk;. mJnghy; Md;khtpw;Fk; Xh; ,lk;
168
,Ue;jhfntz;Lk;. mjw;F Mjhuk; (vJ) ,lk; Mf cs;sJ vd Muha;e;jhy; Kothf ekf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; tpil ve;j MjhuKk; ,y;yhj xU bghUns vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Mjhukhft[k;/ fyrj;jpw;F cs;sJ/ g{kpf;F ,lkhft[k; ,Ug;gJ czug;bgWk;. cjhuzkhf nfhapy;nky; fyrk; ,Uf;fpwJ. nfhapy; nfhg[uk; Mjhukhf
btl;lbtsp ,lkhf cs;sJ. btl;lbtspf;F Mjhuk; ,Uf;fpwjh> ,y;iy. mjd; moKoiaf; fhzKoahJ vd;gij tpsf;fnt mfj;jpaUk;/
ghug;gh moKoa[e; njog;nghd gjpthd khyaD'; fhzh bud;W neug;gh ntj Kiuj;jpl;l bra;jp ePs; g[tpapy; ahth;f;Fk; ciuj;jpl;l bra;jp brst[[kpa rhfuk] 118
btl;lbtspia
msf;f
,ayhJ
vd;gij
tpsf;fnt jpUkhy; gd;wp mtjhuk; vLj;J rptd; ghjj;ijf; fhzr; brd;whh; vdt[k;/ jpUkhy; md;dg;gl;rp totk; bfhz;L rptd;Ko fhz
169
nkny
brd;whh;
vdt[k;/
fij
\yk;
brhd;dhh;fs;. btl;lbtsp vd;why; mjw;bfd;W Mjhuk; ,y;iy. Mfnt mJ KjyhfpwJ. mjpypUe;Jjhd; Uf;fntz;Lk;. njhw;wg;bghUs; vdnt btl;l btl;lbtsp njhd;wpap btspna vd;fpw
MjpahdJ. mjw;F ntW Mjhuk; ,y;yhjjhy; mJnt mehjpahdJ. tPl;od; ,af;f rf;jpahy; mqnjhd;wp/ mfk; vd;why; cs;sk; vd;gJ nghpd;g cs;sj;ijg; bgw;wth;fns Rth;fnyhf thrpfs; vd;gjhFk;.
btl;lbtspjhd; bka;g;bghUs; vd;gjw;F bka;g;bghUs; fz;L tps';Fk; bka; "hdpf;F/ fw;g';fs; VJf;fo> fhzhkw; fz;L fUj;njhL ,Ug;nghh;f;F tPzhir VJf;fo> epj;jpiu bfl;L epidnthL ,Ug;nghh;f;F Kj;jpiu VJf;fo> je;jpukhd jye;jd;dpy; epw; nghh;f;F ke;jpuk; VJf;fo> Kj;jkpH; fw;W Ka';Fk; bka; "hdpf;F rj;j';fs; VJf;fo> cr;rpf;F nky; brd;W cah;btsp fhz;nghh;f;F ,r;rpg;gp';F VJf;fo>
170
ntfhky; bte;J btspapidf; fhz;nghh;f;F nkhfhe;jk; VJf;fo> rhfhky; jhz;g[ jdptHp nghnthh;f;F Vfhe;jk; VJf;fo> Mde;jk; bgh';fp mwpnthL ,Ug;nghh;f;F J}de;jhd; VJf;fo> rj;jpf; Tlj;ij jpdk; jpdk; fhz;nghh;f;F gj;jpuk; VJf;fo> jd;id mwpe;J jiytidr; nrh;e;njhh;f;Fg; gpd;dhir VJf;fo> brj;jhiug; nghh;j; jphpa[k; bka; "hdpf;F ifj;jhsk; VJf;fo> Fjk;igr;rpj;jh;
gpwg;gpd; tpsf;fnt
Mjpiaa[k;
Koita[k; nkw;fz;l
mwpe;j ghly;
hs;h]fm hasballf
gpug";r ghpzhkk; xU tisaj;ijg; nghd;wJ. ,J guj;jpny bjhl';fp mq/ fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh;/ epyk; Xh; mwpt[ $Ptd; Kjy; Iawpt[ $Ptd; tiua[s;s czh;r;rp epiy cUtkhd
171
kdpjdhfpwJ.
kdpjnd
jd;
,ay;iga[k;/
epiyia[k; czh;e;jnghJ jhd; njtd; vd;W filrpapny kPz;Lk; guj;jpny Kot[ bgWfpwJ. g";rg{j braw;ifahd gupzhkk; CLUtp Kiwf;Fk; njhw;wkhff; vd;Dk; xo fhqk; gy Vw;g ,a';Fk; epfHr;rpfspy; fl;l';fspYk; jd;ikf;Fk;/ vd;w tpz;/
tpiutpw;Fk; bjhlh;
mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk; czh;r;rpfs; MWtifahd epfH;r;rpfs; cz;lhfpd;wd. vdnt gupzhknk caph;; vd kjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. flypny njhd;Wk; miyfs; flypny ml';FtJ nghyt[k;/ ePhpd; mirit miybad kjpf;fg;bgWtJ nghyt[k; gpug";rk; jdJ ,af;ff; fl;l';fSf;nfwgg gy;ntW mstpYk; tYtpYk; Vw;w jhH;t[fis bfhz;l ,af;f'fshft[k; fhl;rpfshft[k; ,Uf;fpdwd. ,it mwpthy; czug; gLfpd;wd. vdnt ehk; fhqk; ve;jj; njhw;wKk; bghUs; epiyapy; guknkahk.; guj;ij jtph;j;J ntW bghUs;jhd;
172
VJ. fhqk; njhw;wKk; fhz;gtDk; ,af;f epiyfspy; xg;gpl;L czUk; fUj;Jf;F ntW ntwhf tpsf;fk;;bgw;w nghJk/ MH;e;J Muha;e;j tpsf;fj;jpy; bghUs; epiyahfpa guKk]/ mjd; epiyahfpa fhl;rpa[k;/ epfH;r;rpapd; epHr;rpahfpg; guj;jpny Koe;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; mwpt[k; \d;Wk; xd;whfnt ,Uf;Fk; ngUz;ik mf;fhl;rpahFk;. gunk mqthfp me;j mq ,af;fj; bjhlh; tpisthf mJnt gy fl;lf; fhl;rpfshfp/ gyg;gy ntWghLfisg; bgw;W tps';Ffpd;wd vd Kd;dnk mwpe;njhk;. mJnt J}y mikg;gpy; fl;Lg;gl;l capuhft[k;/ czh;tpy/ czh;r;rp ,d;g epiyapy;
fhyk;/ J}uk;/ gUkd;/ ntfk; vd;w vy;iyfspy; Jd;gkhft[k;/ fzpjj;jpw;F cl;gl;l gythft[k; ,e;j ehd;F msitfisf; fle;j nghJ vy;yhk; xd;Wgl;l gukhft[k; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. gunk ehdhft[k; cs;sJ. ehd; vd;gJ jdpna ,y;iy. ,y;iy. guj;ijj; jtph;j;J ntW xd;Wnk ,af;f epfH;r;rpfs; midj;jpw;Fk;
173
Kjy;
\y xd;nw.
guk;bghUs;
mqepiyapy;
capuhft[k;/ mqf;fs; ,ize;j bfhj;J ,af;f epfH;r;rpapy; cUt';fshft[k;/ fhl;rpfshft[k;/ ,af;f';fshft[k;/ ,Uf;fpd;w me;j xU bghUs jhd; ehd; vd;w brhy;ypd; cz;ikf;fUj;J vd;gJ bjspthf tps';Fk;. mGj;jkhf mqf;fs; ,ize;J ,a';Fk; xU epfH;r;rpna J}a cly;. mjD}nl mGj;jk; Fiwe;J Mdhy; tpiut[ mjpfkhfp Nf;Fkhfr; RHd;W ,a';Fk; mqj; bjhlhpaf;fnk xyp/ clYk; caph;. xsp/ bjhlh; MdJ. J}yj;jpD}nl Rit kdk;/ caph;rf;jp RHd;W tUk;nghJ Vw;gLk; nkhjy; epfHr;rpapypUe;J czh;jy;/ tpisfpd;wd. capUk; vd;Wk; mqf;fshy; epfH;r;rpfs; Mdhy;
mqf;fshy;MdJ
174
capuhf czh;thf mtw;wpd; Kotpy; gukhf ,Ug;gtd; vtndh mtnd ehd]. ehd; vdg;gLgtnd mtd;. vdg;gLtd; bja;tk; vdg;gLfpwhd;/ Mjpbadg;gLfpwhd;/ gpuk;kk; vdg;gLfpwhd;/ mtidj; jtpu;j;J jdpna xU epfH;r;rpa[k; ,y;iy mtnd ehd; ehnd mtd; vd;W bjspthf czh;e;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. jd;idg; g[yd; czh;r;rpfshy; vy;iyfl;o czUk; jd; Kidg;ghd kaf;fk; ,';Fjhd; bjspt[ bgw;W eP';fp xHpfpd;wJ.
175
thGk;
kdpjh;fisg;
nghy
nkk;gl;l
$Ptd;fisf; Fwpj;J ngRfpnwhk;. g";r g{jj;jpy; gpug";rj;jpy; g{kp kl;Lnk; caph;fs; njhd;w njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l ek;gpf;iffSk; fpufk; vd fUJk; kj cs;sd. mwptpay;
g[idfijfs; gpugykhfj; bjhl';fpaJk; gyh; ntw;Wfpuf thrpfspd; gwf;Fk; jl;Lf;fisg; ghh;j;jjhft[k;/ thrpfshy; mjpypUe;J jhk; gy ntw;W fpuf nrhjidf;F gwf;Fk; jl;L
Mshf;fg;gl;ljhft[k;/ Twpdh;.
bgUk; kh;kg; g[jpuhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. ,k;kh;kj;ij mwpa mikf;fg;gl;l fhd;ild; FG ,e;jg; gwf;Fk; thdpiyg; mwptpj;jJ. iffSf;F jl;Lf;fs; cz;ikapy; g{r;rpfs;/ el;rj;jpu gpujpgypg;g[f;fs;/ braw;if nfhs;fs;/ gY}d;fs; mwptpaypd; mg;ghy; Mfpatw;iwna tsh;r;rp ntw;W ,e;ek;gpf; fpuf';fspy; jtWjyhfg; gwf;Fk; jl;L vd kf;fs; fUjpahf
176
fhh;y;rhfd;/
g[nuf;
nghd;w
g{kpapy; gy g[s;spfs; mikf;fg;gl;l nuonah miy/ bjhiy nehf;fpfs; ntw;W fpuf thrpfs; mDg;g[k; kpd;fhe;j nrfhpf;Fk; fzpdpfshy; kpd;fhe;j miy miy bra;jpfSf;fhf cUthf;fg; gl;l mit ntw;Wy njLfpd;wd. braw;ifahf jfty;fs; Muhag;
gz;g[fSf;fhf gLfpd;wd.
cybf';FKs;s
thH;f;iff;fhf ehk; tpjpf;fgl;lth;fsh vd;Dk; kh;kk; tpiutpy; bjspthfptpLk;. g{kpapy; gy g[s;spfs; mikf;fg;gl;l nuonah miy/ bjhiy nehf;fpfs;/ ntw;W fpuf thrpfs; mDg;g[k; kpd;fhe;j miy bra;jpfSf;fhf njLfpd;wd. braw;ifahf cUthf;fg; gl;l kpd;fhe;j miy gz;g[fSf;fhf cybf';FKs;s gLfpd;wd. tpjpf;fgl;lth;fsh mit ntw;Wy vd;Dk; nrfhpf;Fk; thH;nt kh;kk; jfty;fs; Muhag; ehk; tpiutpy; fzdpfshy;
177
bjspthfptpLk;. 1930-y; btw;wplj;jpy; tpirfs; cUthfpwJ Ez;zpait vdt[k; vdt[k; ,t;tpirfs; fz;Lgpoj;jhh; kpf f!;kph;;
fUjKoahJ.
btw;wplk;
vdg;gLtjpy; Fthz;l ryd';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. nuh$h; bgd;nuhy; vd;Dk; mwp"h; jd;Dzh;it Fthz;lk; ,aw;gpay; \yk; tpsf;f Kw;gLfpwhh;. rpy caphpapshsh;fs; ,jid vjph;j;Js;sdh;. ,e;epiy gpuf;i" Fthz;lk; jd;ik bfhz;lbjdpy; mjpy; f!;kph; tpirf;F xU Kf;fpa g';f ,Uf;fyhk;. tpiria tpiria kh;kj;ij 1930y; mstpl mstpLjy; mwpnthkh> cUthfptpl;l epiyapy; Ez;zpa f!;kph; fUtpfs; jd;Dzh;tpd; rpy ,t;btw;wplj;jpd; jw;nghJ \yk;
gpug";rtpaypd; tpirfs;
178
vdt[k; ,t;tpirfs; kpf Ez;zpait vdt[k; fz;Lgpoj;jhh; f!;kph;; vd;Dk; ,aw;gpayhsh;. btw;wplk; g[s;spiaa[k; vd ehk; gpug";rj;jpd; ve;jg; fUjKoahJ. btw;wplk;
vdg;gLtjpy; Fthz;l ryd';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. nuh$h; bgd;nuhy; vd;Dk; mwp"h; jd;Dzh;it Fthz;lk; btw;wplr; rydf; fpsh;r;rpfs; gpug";r epfH;r;rpfSf;F fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk; vd rpy mwptpayhsh;fs; fJfpd;wdh; vd;fpwhh;. f!;kph; tpiria msg;gjpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f btw;wpia bgw;wpUf;Fk; ,aw;tpayhsh; bfhyk;gpah ckh; gy;fiyf; fHf bkhifjPd; gpug";rk;/
gpui" Mfpatw;iw ,izf;fpwJ. btw;wplj;jpd; tpirfs; ,aw;gpaypd; bkhHpapy; bghj;jKk;/ cgepljk;/ Twpa Ndpakh ,J> vd gpugykhfpa[s;s xspiaa[k; tYf;bfhz;l mz;lbtsp btsptplhj <h;g;g[ gyKila fUe;Jisfs; mst[ fLk; gpunjr';fs;
mjpfkhd epiwa[k; mjpf mlh;j;jpa[k; bfhz;l tpz;kPd;fs; j';fs; vhpbghUs; jPUk; epiyapy;
179
fUe;Jisfshf khWtjhf thdtpayhsh;fs; fUJfpd;wdh;. 1916-y; Iad;!;od; bghJr;rhh;gpaypd; fUj;Jis fUJnfhis Kd; itj;jhh;. fUe;Jis bjhlh;ghd Kf;fpa fz;L gpog;g[f;fis bra;jth; re;jpunrfu Rg;ukzapk;. fUe;Jisfs; cz;ik/ vija[k; btsptplhJ vd;gnj Vw;fg;gl;l fUj;jhf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; 1914-y; !;ogd; Qhf;fp'; fUe;Jisfs;/ Jfs;fis xU rPustpy; ckpGk; vdf; fz;L gpoj;jhh;. xspiaa[k; btsptplhj tYthd <h;g;g[ gpunjrk; vt;thW ep+gpj;jhh;. ,d;Dk; gy ,t;thW ,a';f Koa[k;> Mdhy; jk; rkd;ghLfs; \yk; ,J cz;ik vd Qhf;fp'; ,t;thW gpug";rj;jpy; kh;k';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;W
rhd;nwhh;fs; "hdpfs; Twpa[s;sij mwpayhk;. gpug";r \yf;TWfspd; bjhFg;g[ epfH;t[jhd; kdpj ,dKk;/ kw;w $PtuhrpfSk; cUthdJ. \yg;bghUl;fs; Ie;ij Kd; itj;Jj;jhd; ek; cly; epiy ,Uf;fpwJ.
180
mnjnghy mbkhpf;fhtpy; ele;j miya[k; kwf;f ,ayhJ. Ie;J bghUl;fSk; Mf;Fk; vl;lj;jpy; jP g{kpia czlhf;FfpwJ rhk;gy; (vhpkiyf;FHk;g[). g{rp cnyhfj;ij ePh; cs;s vhpkiyf;FHk;g[ ePiu
cz;lhf;FfpwJ (jhJg;bghUl;fs;). cnyhfk; cz;lhf;FfpwJ (Fsph;e;j lk;shpd; btspapy; ePh; Kj;Jf;fs). ePh; fhl;il czlhf;fp ku';fisg; bgUf;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;j mtru cnyhfk; kuj;ij btl;Lk;.
a[fj;jpy; kdpjh;fs; j';fs; Fiwfisf; fisa vijj; jpd;why; Fiw eP';Fk; vd;w kdepiyapy; ,Ug;gjhy; vija[k; rhg;gplj; ja';Ftjpy;iy. ,';F mwpt[ J}';FfpwJ. czh;r;rp nfhnyhr;Rfpd;wJ. ,uz;L tpjkhd rf;jpfs; cyfj;jpy; cs;sd. ey;y rf;jp/ jPa rf;jp. ey;y rf;jpia Vw;W tuntw;f ntz;Lk;. fpufpf;fg; gHfntz;Lk;. jPa rf;jpia cs;ns tplhky; jLf;f ntz;Lk;. mg;nghJjhd; Md;kh ,t;t[yfpy; vg;nghJk; re;njhr thH;f;if thHKoa[k;. gpgu";rj;jpy;
181
cs;s fh!kpf; fjph;fs; kdpjd; thH;f;if Kiwia elj;jpr; bry;tjpy; xt;bthU bgUk; g';F ey;y tfpf;fpd;wd. bfl;lJKz;L. ,e;j fjph;fspy; ey;yJKz;L kdpjDk;
mjph;#lk;/ kj;jpk mjph;#;lk;/ bfl;l mjph;#lk; ,itfspd; ftiynahL tpidg; gjpt[fSf; nfw;g gpwf;fpwhd;. jpahdk;/ ey;byz;z cwt/ eyKs;s Rw;WRHy; nghd;witfis filgpog; gjd; \yk; kdpjd; jd; bfl;l mjph;#;lj;ij/ mjph;#;lkhft[k; mJ jPtpidia mjw;F ey;tpidahf;f epfH;r;rp
mjpfkhft[k; khw;w Koa[k;. g";r g{j';fSk; xU kz;lyj;jpy; rpwpjhdhYk; bghpjhdhYk; ve;j tpfpjj;jpy; fye;Js;sdnth/ mjw;nfw;g ,af;f ntfj;jpYk;/ tpist[fspYk; ntWghL cz;lhFk;. fhw;wpy; tpz;Dk;/ btg;gj;jpy; fhw;Wk;/ tpz;qk; ePhpy; btg;gk;/ fhw;W/ tpz;/ ,ita[k;/ kz;zpy/; ePh; btg;gf;fhw;W/ tpz; Mfpa ehd;Fk; mlf;fk;.
182
,g;go fye;J ,a';Ffpd;wd. xt;bthU g{jKk; jd;dstpy; jdpj;jdpna ,a';Fk;nghJ xU jd;iknahLk; kw;bwhd;wpy; ,a';Fk;nghJ me;j ,af;f kz;lyj;jpy; mike;j g";rg{jf;Tl;L/ mjd; fhyk;/ J}uk; gUkd;/ ntfk;/ ,itfl;F Vw;g ntwhd btt;ntwhd jd;iknahL njhw;w gukhz CLUtp Kiwf;Fk; rpwg;g[j;jd;iknahLk; gynfhlhd khff; vdk; xo nfhoj; g";rg{j fhqk; gy Vw;g ,a';Fk; tpz;/ ,a';Fk;. ,jdhy; xt;bthU epfH;r;rpa[k; ntW njhw;w';fshf braw;ifahd/ epfHr;rpfspy; fl;l';fspYk; jd;ikf;Fk;/ vd;w cUthfpd;wJ.
mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ rit/ kzk; czh;r;rpfs; MWtifahd epfH;r;rpfs; jd;epiy cz;lhfpd;wd. vdnt/ gukhznt capy; vd kjpf;fg;bgWfpd;wd. ,af;fk; bfhs;sy; rf;jp MfpwJ. mJ fhw;wpy; ,a';Fk;nghJ mJ btg;gj;jpy; xypf;Fk; xspf;Fk;
rf;jpahfpd;wJ.
183
rf;jpahfpwJ. ePhpy; mJnt Ritahfp kz;zpy; thridahfpwJ. kzk; vd;w mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ ,af;fj;jd;ikfs; me;j kz;lyj;jpy; xd;nwhL fhe;jk;/
xd;wpize;J xU kz;ly epfH;r;rpapy; Kiwahf ,a';Fk;nghJ kpd;rhuk;/ btg;gk;/ fhw;W Mfpa ehy;tifahd RHy;fs; Kiwahf mjdjd; ntfj;jpy; mjdjd; ghijapy; RHd;W nkny brhy;yg;gl;l mGj;jk; Kjyhd Itif ,af;f';fspYk; fhf;fg;bgWfpd;wd. ,e;j Itif ,af;f mjph;t[ miyfs;
Kiwahfj; bjhlh;e;J eilbgWkhdhy; mjd; tpisthf tpj;Jf;TWfs; tpise;J ,ize;J me;j kz;lyj;jpy; czh;r;rp vd;w ,af;fk; cUthfpd;wd. mg;nghJ me;j kz;lyk; mwpt[ vd;w rpwg;gpaf;fj;jpw;F mog;gilahd tpj;J Mfpd;wJ. ,e;j tpj;Jf; nfhs';fs;jhd; mog; vy;yhtifahd caphpd';fSf;Fk;
184
nfhs';fs;
vz;zpf;ifapy;
bgUfpf;To
bfhj;jhf mike;J ,a';fp bfhs;sy;/ js;sy;/ czh;jy;/ tpj;jpLjy; vd;w rpwg;gpaf;f';fisg; bgWk;nghj mj;bjhFg;g[ ,af;fnk $Ptd; vdg;gLk;. ,e;j tpsf;fj;jhy; gukhq xnu rf;jp xUg[wk; fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh;/ epyk;/ ,itahfp J}yf; fhl;rpfhst[k;/ ,tw;wpDnl mnj gukhqtpd; vGr;rp fth;r;rp vd;w ,af;fr; rpwg;ng klf;F epfHr;rpfshfp xyp/ xsp/ Rit kzk;/ mwpt[/ vd;Wk; Nl;rk ,af;f';fshf $Ptfhe;jkhft[k; kpsh;fpd;wd. ,j;jifa Nf;Fk epfH;r;rpfspy; mGj;jk;/ xyp/ xsp/ Rit/ kzk; Mfpa caph; vdg;gLk;. czh;jy; vd;w epfH;r;rpna mwpt[ vdg;gLk;. capy; ,af;fj;jpd; tpisthd xU rpwg;g[ epiyna mwpt[ MFk;. caph; vd;gJ gukhq. ,jd; ,af;f ntWghLfs; vz;zpwe;jd/ gphpt[fspy; vd;gjhYk; RUf;fkhf \d;W bjhpe;J bfhs;syhk;. nghpaf;f
185
epiwe;j
bgU';fskhf
,Uf;fpd;wJ.
,e;epiyapy; ,J gpug";r capy;. ,Jnt kfhfhrk; (kfh Mfhrk;) tpz; jpul;rp epiyfshd fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ ePh;/ epyk; Mfpa ehd;F g{j';fspYk; cs; epiw Mw;wyhf mike;J xyp/ xsp/ Rit kzk;/ vd;gdthf/ tpist[fshf kyh;e;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; ,af;f ,af;f epfH;r;rpfspy; ,Jnt g{jhfhrk; (g{jk; Mfhrk;) vdg;gLk; tpj:J vd;w mog;gil mikg;igf; bfhz;L mq mLf;Fshy; mike;j clypy; ,nj tpz; czh;r;rp vd;w rpwg;ghw;wyhf kpsph;fpd;wJ. ,e;j epiyapy; mnj tpz; ,Jjhd; rpjhfhrk; (rpj;jk; Mfhrk;) MFk;.
$Ptd;/ rpjhfhrk; vd;w epiynahL/ g{jhfhrKk;/ kfhfhrKk;/ neh; bjhlh;g[ bfhz;oUj;jyhy; xt;bthU $PtDk; gpu";rk; KGika[k; jd;ndhL ,izg;ghff; bfhz;nl ,a';Ffpd;wJ. ehk; Kd; mj;jp;aha';fspy; fz;nlhk;. ,ij (bg';-
186
Mnuhf;fpak;/ ,lk;/ bghUs;/ ,d;gk;/ tPLngW/ mile;J cnyhfk;/ tUfpd;wdh;. kw;Wk; g{kp/ kuk; ePh;/ beUg;g[ Mfpatw;iw
\yg;bghUshff; fUjp bg';-Rap ,Uf;fpwJ. cnyhfKk;/ kuKk;/ \yg;bghUl;fshf KoahJ. bg';-Rap vd;gJ ,J irdhtpy; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; rh!;jpuk;/ irdhtpy; bg'; xU vd;w rPdthh;j;ij cz;L. ePiu mtnu fhw;iwf;Fwpf;Fk;/ Nap vd;gJ ePiuf;Fwpf;Fk.; gHbkhHp vth;fl;Lg;ghl;oy; cyif MH;thh;. bghUshjhu nkijfs; \d;whdJ cyfa[j;jk; xd;W te;jhy; mJ ePUf;fhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk; vd Iag;gLfpd;wdh;. re;njfk; ntz;lhk; ePuhy;jhd; a[fk; (rPij) Koa[k;. Koa[k;. ,uz;lhk; ePuhy; Vw;gl;l mijj;jhd; a[j;jk; rpj;jhh;fs; kz;zhy; fLk; $yg;gpusak; vd;wdh;. Kjy; a[j;jk; bgz;zhy; (Jupnahjdd;). \d;whk; a[j;jk; ePuhy; jhd; ngwirt[jhd; miyahfj;njhd;wp ,g;bghGJ gy nrj';fis itj;jpUf;fpwhnuh
187
cUthf;fp tpl;ld.
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188
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189
10 VysPlf wihfhLlf
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190
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mnjnghy g{kpapy; gpwf;Fk; midj;Jk; tl;l cz;lhfpwJ/ Kisf;Fk;nghJ tl;l totk;/ gwit Kl;il tl;l totk;/ g{kpapy; tpGk; kiHj;Jsp tl;l
191
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192
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193
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mz;lk; vd;whny Kl;il totk; vg;go g{kpahdJ jd;dpiy totk; bgw;Ws;snjh/ tpij
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ntWghLfis
194
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fhhpa';fis fz;L bjspe;J fhuz fhhpa';fs; vy;yhk; mqthf cs;sJ vd;W Twpdhh;fs;. mqf;fs; vy;yh caph;fspSk;/ vy;yh cyf';fspSk;/ vy;yh cyfpaw; bghUs;fspYk; epiwe;j ,Uf;fpwgoahy; v';Fk; mqf;fs; jhd; epiwe;J cs;sd vd;W fz;ldh;.
195
11 ekatftlf
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196
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rpjwof;fg;gl;L me;je;j
197
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Dpsafjysof ekatftlf
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198
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$PtdhFk.; vWk;g[/ bry;/ nghd;wit \d;wwpt[ fz;njhd;w ehywpt[ capuhd ghk;g[ Kjypad
njhd;wpd. xypa[zh;t[ fUtpahd fhJ vd;W fUtp njhd;w Ie;jwpt[ capuhd kpUf';fs; gwitfs; Kjypad njhd;wpd. ,j;jifa ghpzhk tsh;r;rpapd; bjhlh; epfH;r;rpapy; thy; cs;s Fu';F njhd;wp gpd;g[ thy; ,y;yh Fu';F njhd;wp/ gpd; kdpjd; njhd;wpapUf;fyhk; vd mDkhdpf;f KofpwJ. bts;sj;jhy; g{kp mjph;;r;rp/ gpst[fs;/ mtw;why; ,e;j kdpj FLk;gk; rpjwof;fg;gl;L g{kpapy; gy;ntW ,l';fspy; gutp me;je;j ehl;L jl;btl;g mikg;g[f;fSf;nfw;g gdpapy; thGk; v!;fpnkhf;fs; fUg;gh;fs;/ nghd;W bts;isah;fs;/ Fl;ilah;fs;/ bel;ilah;fs;/
199
gyntWghLfSld; kdpj ,dk; njhd;wp gHf;f tHf;fk; gz;ghL/ fyhr;rhuk;/ nghd;w Kiwfshy; kj';fs; gythfg; gphpe;J/ cyf KGtJk; thH;e;J tUfpd;wdh; vd;gij mwpa ntz;Lk;. Ie;JbghUl;fSk; Mf;Fk; fl;lj;jpy; jP g{kpia czlhf;FfpwJ (vhpkiyf;FHk;g[). vhpkiyf; FHk;g[ rhk;gy; g{rp cnyhfj;ij cz;lhf;FfpwJ (jhJg;bghUl;fs;). cnyhfk; ePiu cz;lhf; FfpwJ (Fsph;e;j ePh; cs;s lk;shpd; btspapy; ePh; Kj;Jf;fs);/ ePh; fhw;iw czlhf;fp ku';fisg; bgUf;Ffpd;wJ.
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200
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201
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202
hstiak wnts
ekiaks ekiafjyf eikLkuf mlpkfekaaf FtspLxpak wha:yf VofT DbfG. FKkaof wigfgwiys. Fnfk wigfgwiysjfJhf whpaf kaof h;lf WofT wmaufUiK. Snfk wigfgwiys ;jmspkfdk L{iKlf FtsiK kaof Aks Fnfk isyjfjlf WofT wmaufuhGiK. Snfk wigfgwiysdp msiwh:laof Wojf rts Fiaf Lxdp FtsiktfJ hs;lfla Fofohgfms D:ilf wjabfG elUlf elUlf htnfkaaff WoIlf msiosof Fxdpjfjab is`fB hofts Fika;lf WGkfK jqe[ jqe[ wmoftaaf WoIlf S:i:lf FxdpPlf LxdpPlf jabLxpisufdu Woft jdk D:iajfjhfhgfgK. Fnfk wigfgwiyspsuf V: nstlf wkasnfkK. Fnfk nstkfkstfJ msi=hlf WofT whpaf dikfkoaf. wigfgwiyspsuf wkasnfk jagfms e<aks. FKei msiof. msiof WofhK wigfgwiyspsuf jaBlf e<aks. msiofkaof e<aks. e<akskaof msiof.
203
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204
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205
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206
207
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epiy/ re;jh;g;g nkhjy;/ Mfpa fhuz';fshy; clypy; ,urhad ntWghLfs; cz;lhfpd;wd. ,j;jifa ntWghLfshy; clypy; cs;s mq \yf';fs; mjw;F Vw;g tpiutpy; ntWgLk;. mjd; gadhf clypy; mtw;wpd; tpfpjhr;rhu';fs; Tlnth/ Fiwanth ,lKz;L.
208
clypy; mtw;wpd;
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jilgLfpwnjh/ mjw;F Vw;g nehapd; tYt[k;/ bgWfpd;wd. neha;fis ePf;fpf;bfhs;Sk; rf;jp mike;Js;sJ. vLj;Jf; fhj;J bfhz;lhy;
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209
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210
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mtrpak;. kpf
kyge;jk; m$Puzk; ,it Vw;glhky; ghJfhg;gJ eyj;ijg; ngqk; tHpfspy; Kf;fpakhdJ. mikg;g[jhd; nfhof;fzf;fhd cly; caph;rf;jp/ tpe;J ehjk; kdpj rpw;wiufs; totkhFk;. nrh;e;J
mLf;fLf;fhf ,a';FtJ ,e;j cly;/ xt;bthU rpw;wiuf;Fk; ,Ug[wk; fhe;jf; fth;r;rp cz;L. cly; epiyj;jpUf;f ntz;Lkhdhy; mjpy; mike;Js;s rpw;wiufspd; vz;zpf;iff;Fk;/ gSt[f;Fk; Vw;w $Ptfhe;j mGj;jk; njit. $Ptfhe;jk; vd;gJ caph;r;rf;jp ,a';Ftjhy; vGk; miyahFk;. ,Ug;gjhy; ,Uf;Fk; xt;bthU caph;j;JfSk; tphpe;J bfhz;nl njhd;wpf; mGj;jk; ,Uf;Fk; jd;idj; jhnd kpftpiuthfr; Rw;wpf; bfhz;L mjpypUe;J miy/ Vw;g bjhlh;e;J $Ptfhe;j $Ptfhe;jk;
211
tiuapy;jhd; clypYs;s rpw;wiufspd; mLf;F Fiyahky; epiyj;J ,Uf;Fk;. ,uj;j Xl;lk;/ fhw;nwhl;lk;/ bts;s Xl;lk;/ ,k;\d;Wk; rpjwhJ xG';fhf Xo capUf;Fk;/ clYf;Fk; ,ilna cs;s Mw;wiy epiyf;fr; bra;a[k;. vdnt cliyj; jh';f $Ptfhe;jk; nghjpa mst[ njit/ khdhy; ehj $Pthfhe;jj;ijg; mjw;F jputj;jpd; ntz;oa bgUf;f ntz;L vz;zpf;ifa[s;s jd;ika[k; cliy
caph;j;Jfs;fs; njit. caph;j;Jfs;fs; tpe;J msita[k;/ jhd; bghWj;jJ. nghjpast[ tpe;J (Mz;tpe;J) ehjk; (bgz;tpe;J) ,Ue;jhy; elj;jg;nghJkhd $Ptfhe;j rf;jpia cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; mst[f;F clypy; caph; rf;jpj; Jfs;fs; epiyj;jpUf;Fk;. xG';fhd $Ptfhe;j mst[ rhpahf ,a';fpf; Kiwapy; ,Ue;jhy; jhd; gU clyhdJ rpw;wiufspd; ,af;fj;jhy; kdKk; rPuhf ey;y bfhz;oUf;Fk;.
212
,a';Fk;. gFjp
$Ptfhe;jj;jpd;
xU
gFjp \ykhf
cly; kd
rpw;wiufspd; \yk; clypaf;fkhft[k; kw;bwhU \isapd; rpw;wiufs; miyfshft[k; ,a';fpf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. cly;/ tpe;J/ caph;rf;jp/ $Ptfhe;jk;/ cly; kd ,af;fk; vd;w bjhlhpid ed;whf kdjpy; gjpj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ,e;j Ie;jpy; xd;W Fiw mg;go
,Ue;jhYk; ,af;f xG';F Fiye;jhYk;/ mJ kw;wtw;iw xt;bthd;whfg; ghjpf;Fk;. xd;Wf;bfhd;W Vw;gLk; ,af;fk; Kuz;ghl;ow;F Vw;g typ/ tpahjp/ kuzk;/ ,it rk;gtpf;Fk;. jdJ bray;fs; \ykhfnth/ btspg;g[w cly; nkhJjynyh/ nfhs;fspd; fhe;j miytPr;R \ykhfnth xUtUila $Ptfhe;jk; ,af;fk; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;. czt[/ cwf;fk;/ ciHg;g[/ clYwt[/ vz;zk; ,e;j Ie;J tifapy; myl;rpak; kpjkp";rpa cgnahfk;/ Kuz;gl;l cgnahfk;/ ,tw;why; cly; ,af;fk; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;. ,J jd;Dila
213
bray; \ykhf tUk; tpist[. jl;g btg;g Vw;w jhH:t[ kw;Wk; jw;bray; tpgj;Jf;fshy; Vw;gLk; FHg;g';fs; nfhs;fs; r";rhuj;jpy; xd;nwhL xd;W neh;gLjy;/ uhrpkhw;wk; Mfpa fhuz';fs; xt;bthUthpd; gpwe;jehs; nfhs; epiyf;F vw;g $Ptfhe;jk; Vw;w jhH:tiljy; ,g;go mndf mk;r';fshy; FHg;gk; tUk;. ve;j tpjj;jpy; cly; eyk; FHg;gk; mile;jhYk;/ jhnd mjidr; rhpgLj;jp cliy eykhf;fpf; bfhs;fpd;w ,aw;if Xust[ ,aw;if tpjp clypnyna xt;bthUtUf;Fk; epajp MFk;. mikejpUf;fpwJ. epajp mikj;j
,jnt FHg;gj;ij jh';fpf; bfhs;Sk; ,aw;if mstpw;Fk; nkyhf FHg;gk; kPwpdhy;jhd; mJ cly; ,af;fj;ijg; ghjpf;Fk;. ghjpg;g[ Vw;gLk; bghGJkdpjd; jd;Dila Kaw;rpapdhy;/ clw;gapw;rp/ kdg;gapw;rp/ czt[ Kiw \yk; cly; eyj;ijf; fhj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;.
214
13 epajlf
nahfj;jpw;F Kf;fpakhf gad;gLk; fUtpna kdkhFk;. ,e;j kdkhdJ kdR/ J}a;ikahf kUtw;w ,Uf;fntz;Lk;/ kdk; J}a;ikapy; ,Uf;Fk; nghJ/ bjspe;j ePhpy; ePhpd; mokl;lj;ijf; fhz;gJnghy/ bjspe;j kdj;jhy; cz;ikg; bghUl;fisf; fhz Koa[k;. me;j
215
kdj;ijg;
gz;gLj;Jk;
bewpna
nahfk;.
kdkhdJ mwpthfp/ Md;k czh;itg; bgw;W tpHpg;gpy; jd; \yk; eho xL';Fk;nghJ jd;id bka;bghUshfnt czh;e;J bfhs;fpd;w ,e;j KGik ngw;wpid miltjw;Fj; njit nahfk;; vd;w clw;gapw;rpna MFk;.
lokaoK Whfeha{Klf eidu wmpfK wjabfeg S:jfJlf. Snfk lodk, FkaiK FduhapfnfK wjabfx:jfJlf lodk, V: nsduhfhGkfKiK FufuK V: Sgkfksuf JispdikfKhf h[jfjhfhGkfKiK, Fhfhx JispdikfKhf h[Jiksuf culf lokstfJ whasp Atftuf DbfgajstK. J[nfdkjyf isdypaGlf ehaK hjuf en;kfksuf V: Jis wuofdm vasp wiysmfmkfksuf jagfx V: jajskkf ka[suf jagfg Fnfk jajsklf WasjstK. WasikafjfJ Wofo ja;blf Woftauf h;iuao vasp Vysdp Jis wuofM culf V: Sgkfksuf vasp Vysdp Jisdihfhkauf vasp Vys D`fblf Caf LjhfhgfG jajsklf WasjstK.
216
ekjfjsdijfjsoft nqaf ldg kstnfK isgfgauf Xd; F[skfKisGlf Atftuf whTlf. Fdgkfk jatfdt kstnfK isgfgauf F[sjfJlf eijlf whTlf. Fek ehau losk lokfdk V: Ljlaj Jisp dikfkauf eh;atftuf hstjfjstK. Ajei kspaokfksof culf lokfdkjf JispdikfKhf h[j eibfGlf.
Fgfga_fj epajlf
Sdt nsdu FdgiktfJ msu hx nsdujdy D:iajfjsPyfyaafjyf nlK mskfkafjyff. Fdkkfkaof Fgfga_fj epajlf Wofhaafjyf. Snfk Fgfga_fj epajkfdk hk]fmufus epaj Losiaf whasKlf iusPTkfksjf rTiaaf. wh:lfhauao mskfkafjyf Fdkep hsofhtfts Sdt nsdu Fdgnfkoaf.
Fgfga_fj epajLlf Aka;laTlf Fikfdk <nfKlf isge f fgtshf ehao wiuskoseu isphfwhaofT jbfegof igfgajsmf wmlflkshf haUtuf DbfG ljs[fnfks:jfj Wgfgak ehasofhlf Wofdo is{_fjs S:jfjsoftek - hgfxokfkaaf 25
217
jgnfK wmofT mj|f;jalkfksuf FLklf DbfG ljs[fnfK ehasofhkfekaG S:jfjsetof WofT rTidkjf jabualf. Fgfga_fj epajlf WofhK htfts Fjkfkspaf rtsPyfydk jq[fi:lf haguf culf jabualf,
vyhfha eplwlaG enlnfkaOlf AmoLlf hs;abapllf hs;kfkspaja;lf jabga ka;dbPnf kspaolf dlnfka j:doPufu mlaKgeo WgfGlamfM
brst[[kpa rhfuk] 246
eltfjbfg hagusuf Spllf, nspllf, Amolf, hs;abapllf, hs;kfkspaja;lf, ka;db, kspaolf, mlaks Wofjst WgfGidjpao epaj wntsjdyjf rTjstaaf Fjkfkspaf. eltfjbfg WgfGidjpao hpstfmsjysof culf Dguf, naxjyf, Huofjyf, cdy, kJnfk ksgjakfks;lao Ae;ajfjspdkhf whtfT DguaoK eikspuf latftkfkauf Sdt nsdu Fdgpei WgfGidj epajkfdkmf maofetaafjyf rtsoaafjyf.
218
Spllf
nsufuhfha Fgfga_fjlf WgfGlamfM en;aj Splwloft hkfKjf ejY wmaufuhfha ugfmbkfdkmf wmaufUjsetof ejyf Mjlao n;ls:j hgfmswpofOlf isyfyhfha Dnfkosg MjKjfjlf ehauf eloffdlwht haafjfj F_fjsdm wpofhaafjyf nufuhfha mskfkaks wmaufUiK dlnfka nagfgLgof eika;ks wmaufUiK_f ejey
brst[[kpa rhfuk] 258
ltft Dpsaso_fjdy KofHTkfkaK wjaufuadl, Huauf Dbfbadl, ehaoft nufu Wbfb_fjyauf loksuf ltft Dpsafjyf hGlf Kofhlf nalf FdgPlf Kofhlf Wo Wbfbs FofH wmUkfk eibfGlf. whaKiaj Kzp Wbfb_fjyf Ddgp lokaj dikfks:hfhK Spllf WohfhGlf.
nspllf
wmhfHjsetof nsplidj hkfK ljfjayf msi msia kiemaG mnfekamnfkaof VhfHjsetof Atftsj]fmnf kaokfekaG Dgf msi ^dmepaG mskfkanfk ms;iblf
219
FhfHksetof msikfekaG msilkskaof dlnfka F:yfwh:Jlf is;kwloft idjkaof hkfKnf KhfH;iapfjf jbfgtsnfK msiepajkfdk Mjlaj idjPgeo ptsnK f hae;
kilf, w<hlf, FgjfjLdgdl, nG nsdudl, hJkfKbfbuf, ljs[fmfms, FofH, is;klf, makfiqj DbI DbfBkuf, j:dbjagfGkuf ehaoft nufu Wbfb_fjyaUlf wmpufjyaUlf kofdo ksoLlf hpstfms wmpfiskfKhf h[Jkeu nspllf WohfhGlf. Sdkep kaof iyfyuaaf Fiafjyf Snfksasp V{jfjlf, <qi V{jfjlf, j;b V{jfjlf WofT hsaskfK idjhfhGkfksjf jagfxoaaf. Snfksasp V{jfjlf WofhK ]aeonfksasplf, jafennfksaspkfkauf V{_fjaj ngjfj eibfGlf WofhK. <qi V{jfjlf WofhK <qi;amsjdykf KofHTkfkjf rgaK WofhkaJlf. j;b V{jfjlf WofhK lolf, Hkfks, mskfklf, Fj_fja;lf, ehaoftitftauf V{_fjaj S:jfj eibfGlf WofhkaJlf.
220
Amolf
mskfkafjyf jaGjyseu ki ia[fjfdj eltfwjayfUlf ehaK ls:j_fjyf, ^mfmsjyf ehaoft <qi;amsjdyhf haafkfK Amo_fjdyjf jbfGhsxkfkaafjyf. Dka;blaj halfhaoK idynfK idynfK Wnfk SGjfJjysUlf, mnfK whanfKjysUlf wmufUjsoft idyPlf kofdl S:jfjstK. Aoauf Fek halfhaoK Wksasdpkf kajfj hglf WGkfK nstfJlf ehaK en;aj isd;hfhaj nsofT Fhaslsklao hukfKgof isy_fJjstK. Fek ehauf losk DgduPlf halfdh ehauf idyPlf kofdldpPlf id;hfhao kofdldpPlf Dguf wh; eibfGwlofT epajamokfdkjf jbfG hsxkfkaafjyf. epajf Woftauf SdbhfhK Woft wha:Ulf VofT. <qiakfldi h;lakflaeiaG SdbhfhktfJ Snfk Amo_fjyf hpofhGjsofto. 84 ugfmlf <qi;amsjyf ekaoftsPyfyK Snfk Dujkfksuf Fkof Fxhfhdgpsuf ekaoftspKkaof 84 Amo_fjyaJlf. hufeiT Amo_fjyf S:nfjaUlf mskfkafjyf epajkfkstfJ
221
idjdpjf
FtsnfKha ;amo_fjyf VofhdkP_f ejY Fhfheo wmatftsu_feja LjkfkseoaG isasnfKhaaf hkflwlaG iq;lf dlnfka isdmpao ms_fjwlaG hkfks;Ldlnfka hasnfKhaaf LkfkwlaG lP;dlnfka hksiaj osoft Mjlf VofhkamfM iasnfK nsoft VofhdkPnf kofOgf jbfG idjPgeo Fgfga_fj epajlfhaet
brst[[kpa rhfuk] 250
ejaLjlf, hkfllf, iq;lf, ms_fjlf, hkfks;amolf, Lkfkamolf, l%;amolf, i<s;lf, Mjamolf Snfkidjpao Amo_fjdyep whasKlf iusPTkfksPyfyaafjyf. mskfkafjyf jaGjysuf ia{jsoft ehaK ldy hJkspsuf Ets St_fjsPlf kofOdgp hbsjdy kaeo wmpfikaUlf ltft Amo_fjdyhf htfts msthfhajjf rtisufdu. SofwoaofT Fhfhspamhf hpstfmsjfJ eltfjbfg 9 Amo_fjyf ehaKlaoK WofT LxI WGkfKjf rTjstaafjyf ehaUlf.
222
hs;abpallf
hs;abdo nsplhfhGkfKiK hs;abpallf WofT rtualf. SK Ndt Q;du iusdlhf hGkfKjsoft hpstfmspaJlf. hs;abof Woftaeu SK Vaf Dpsafmf mjfkspaJlf. hs;h]fm DtfhkfksjfJ cuja;blao Atftuf kaof nlK DguseuPlf wmpufhgfGjf wjabfG S:jfjsofto. hs;ab Atftuauf kaof Fbfg_fjyf, eh;bfg_fjyf, vaspofjyf, ejagfjyf FkfkdoPlf Sp_fJjstK. hs;abbf Wofjst DnfK mjfks Spjfjkfkauf kaof Snfkhf hs;h]fmlf Sp_fJjstK. Fek hs;abof cmfMjf jatftsof culf nlK Dgusuf Dpsafmf mjfkspaj wmpufhGjstK. Fkoauf maofetafjy,
223
Wofjstaaf ks:cuaf. hs;abpalkfksof ljkfKikfdkPlf, ks:cuaf eltfjbfg haguf culf cmfMjf jatfdt EtftsPlf StjfjsPlf ^askfKlf hpstfms wmpfjsoft idjpsof jbjfJ pa:jfJlf wkasiksufdu, cmfMjf jatfdt Etfts StjfJlf idj wkasnfkiof kofOdgp madiep DdkfKkf kyfYiaof WofT rTjstaaf. hs;abpallf, cmfdm FgjfJkuf S;bfGjfJlf VtfTdlPbfG. wigfg wiyspao Fbfgkfksof Spjfj mjfksjdy FkOdgp Fdmdijf wjabfG nalf Ftsjsetalf. Snfk FdmIjysuf S:nfK hstnfkKkaof cmfMjf jatfT Spjfjlf. hs;h]fmlf Wofjst eh;bfgkfdk SpjfJjsoft hs;abof kaof nlfdlPlf Spjfjsjf wjabfG S:jfjsofto. Fkoauf Dgeo hpstfmspsof culf Fgjfjs Ayualf WofhK Spuak jaasplf. eh;bfgkfksuf Dyfy <qijanfk mjfks lsofjanfklf, <qijanfklf, Qafkfkuf, isGkuf
224
ehaoft hufeiT wmpufjyf hu ejaxjfjbjfjao FBjfjysof wjakfK nsj[fmfmspaj ndg whtfTjf wjabfG S:jfjsofto. Fek ehaofT eh;bfgkfksof rTjyf FkfkdoPlf nlK Dgusuf Ngfh mjfksjyaj wmpufhgfGjf wjabfx:jfjsofto. Vif wia: SpjfjLlf losk Dgusuf Fks Ngfhlajmf wmpufhGjsofto. losk Dgusuf h;isPyfy Sptfdjpsof Atftdu hpstfmspsof culf djpabfgiafjyf Sptfdj L{idkPlf AYjsoft Atftduhf whTjstaafjyf. Snfk hs;abpalel l;blsufuahf wh:ia[fI wht lsj lsj Ljfjsp Flfmlaj isy_fJjstK. Shfeha cmfMjf jatftaoK nlK Dgusuf Whfhx wmpufhGjstK Woffhdkhf haafhfehalf.
225
14 cmfMjfjatfTlf loskOlf
^lspaoK S;Ilf hjUlf lats lats Spjfjlf ndg whTjstK. Fkoauf kaof ^lspsuf Dyfy Huf, ^Gjyf, loskof, hs;abs, ^mfmsjuf FK Fkokof jgdldpmf wmpfK Dpsafia[fjsofto. Ajei ^lspsof <qi;amsjyf ia[fdjjfJ mnfks;of
226
Wofjst S;Ilf vaspof Wofjst hjUlf FkOdgp jksaf iqmfMjfjyf ^lsdpkf kajfJikauf FdokfK DpsafjYlf ia[fjsofto WofhK Ftsispuf aqkspao Dbfdl. ^ls kofOdgp Fmfmsus:nfK 21 1/2 ksjas mapflao MtfT igfglf Q;bfg M[tfms eijkfksUlf EkaiK V:xjsas enaf ejagfxuf infkauf kaof ^ls lqK ejayfjysof mjfks hksPlf. Fhfhx MtfTigfghf hadkpsuf Wnfk ejaysof mjfks ^lslqK jksjsteka FofT Fnfk js;jkfksuf whpaseuep ia;kfksof E{ nagfjyf.ejayao vaspof ^lslqK hksPlf nayf ]apsT, ejayao mnfks;of ^lslqK hksPlf nayf ks_fjyf, ejayao wmifiapf ^lslqK hksPlf nayf wmifiapf, ejayao Hkof ^lslqK hksPlf nayf Hkof, ejayao J: ^lslqK hksPlf nayf ispa[of, ejayao vjfjs;of ^lslqK hksPlf nayf wiyfys, ejayao mos ^lslqK hksPlf nayf mos. vaspjf JGlfhkfksof ejagfjyf ^lspsof enaf ejagfxuf jksPlf en;el Fnfkjf ejagfjysof whpaseuep ia; nagfjyf whpaf Dyfyo WofT haafkfekalf. Vifwia: naYlf Vifwia: ejagfjyf jksPlf. jkspaoK loskdoPlf
227
SpjfJjstK. Fkoaeu kaof epajsjyf Miamkfdk vasp Dkplf wkag_fJiktfJ 2 lbs en;kfkstfJ Lof Miamkfdk latfts wjaGkfK mas wmpfiaafjyf. Ldtpaj MiamlaoK jq[fjbfg ish;hfhx wkag_fj eibfGlf. Fgfgidb jqe[ wjaGjfjhfhgfGyfyK. hs;ks Flaiadm, hs;kdlPlf, hs;ks whyafbls, FGkfk naYlf jadu 4 Lkuf 6 id; iukfksuf VgeibfGlf. Dkfk;apblf jaulf FkaiK dk laklf Lkuf ekkspofT jadu 4 Lkuf 6 id; Sgjdu (mnfks; jdu) Cgfg eibfGlf. kgfmsbapblf jaulf FkaiK Ax Lkuf ekks jadu 4 Lkuf 6 id; hs_fjdu (vasp jdu) Cgfg eibfGlf. ispa[jfjs[dlpofT ia; Miam Vgfgkfdk hasemakdo wmpfPlf nayf. Ajei 4 Lkuf 6 lbs hasemaksjfj eibfGlf. iyafhsdt, hs;kdl, Kisksdp, ks:ksdp nagfjysuf Sgjdu DkskfK Cg eibfGlf. ekpfhsdt, hs;kdl, Kisksdp, ks:ksdp nagfjysuf vaspjdu DkskfK VgeibfGlf.
228
lbs lbs wmifiapf, wiyfys, ispa[of ispa[of Lkuf id; ]apsT Hkof, (iyafhsdt) (ekpfhsdt) ks_fjyf jadu 4 6 8 10 12 2 ladu 4 6 S;I 8 10 12 2 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK
mos
iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK
229
jadu 4
iuK
SgK
SgK
iuK
iuK
eltfJtshfhsgfg Fgfgidohfhx cmfmaoK ]apsT, wmifiapf, mos, iuK namspsUlf, wyfys, ks_fjyf, Hkof SgK namspsUlf Vg eibfGlf. iyafhsdt ispa[jf js[dl SgK namspsUlf, ekpfhsdt ispa[jfjs[dl iuK namspsUlf Miamlf Vg eibfGlf. Snfk Vgfglf Fksjadu 4 Lkuf 6 lbsjfJuf Sp_fj eibfGlf. emakdo wmpfK haafjfj eibfxp en;Llf FKei.
230
Aka;lf 7
cmfmsof Wbfbsjfdj (luiapf) 600 6000 6000 6000 1000 1000 1000 21,600
WGkfKjf wjayfYlf en;lf lbs. nslsglf. isnax 0.40.00 6.40.00 6.40.00 6.40.00 1.06.40 1.06.40 1.06.40 24.00.00
cuaka;lf
Miaksgfgaolf (j: Dtfhkfks) lbs^;jlf Foajklf isMkfks Ajfd] mj|f;ja;lf (wkahfHyf) (Skplf) (j{kfK) (H:ilkfks) (kdu nG hJks)
vaspjf JGlfhkfksof 7 ejagfjyf ^ls lqK jksjsoft en;el ia;kfksof 7 nagfjyf whpaf vgfghfhgfgo. Fek ehau vaspOlf
231
mnfks;Olf wigfhjfejaYlf kgfhjfejaYlaj lbsk Dgusuf jkskfK cmfMjf jatftaj wmpufhGjsofto. vMaspOlf mnfks;Olf loskof lqK jksafjyf jksiksof ja;blaj kgfhjf ejausof AtftUlf wihfhjf ejausof AtftUlf 12 lbs en;kfkstfJ V: Ldt, S;Ilf hjUlf kgfhLlf wihfhLlf ^lspsuf jksjsteka, Fek ehaofT 2 lbs en;kfkstfJ V: Ldt losk namspsuf, iuK cjfjsuf wihfhjfjatfTlf, SgK cjfjsuf kgfhjf jatfTlf Sp_fjs DgUjfJyf S:jfJlf FBjf rTjYjfJ Dpsaf mjfksdp FysjfjstK. jq[fjbfg ish;hfhx cmfMjf jatfT nlK Dgusuf 24 lbs en;lf wmpufhgfGjf wjabfx:jfjstK. eltfjbfg ish;hfhx Vifwia: Aka;_fjusUlf 24 lbs en;kfkstfJ m;amas 21,600 cMfM loskOjfJ wmpufhGjstK. vasp Dkp jau en;lajsp Fksjadupsuf Mlaaf 6 lbs Fyisuf Miam Dkplf jbjfjsghfhGjstK. Miamlf Hkof js[dl lbf kkfKikfksuf DksjfJlf, ]apstfTjs[dl nqaf kkfKikfksuf DksjfJlf, mos, ks_fjyf js[dl Fjfos kkfKikfksuf DksjfJlf, ispa[of, wmifiapf js[dl iaP kkfKikfksuf
232
DksjfJlf, wiyfys js[dl Ajap kkfKikfksuf DksjfJlf. Shfhx Dksjfjsoft Snfk MiamlaoK 2 lbs wn;kfkstfJ V:dl iuK nams SgK nams S;bfxUlf lats lats VGlf. Fnfk 2 lbs en;kfksuf Miamlf Vifwia: kkfKikfksuf Whfhx Sp_fJjstK Wofhdkhf haafhfehalf.
js[dl
Hkof lbfbsuf lbf lbfbsuf nqasuf lbfbsuf wn:hfhsuf lbfbsuf iaP lbfbsuf Ajaplf nqasuf nqaf nqasuf wm:hfH nqasuf jatfT nqasuf Ajaplf nqasuf lbff
nslsglf. isnax
10.48 09.00 07.12 05.24 03.36 36.00 07.30 06.00 04.30 03.00 09.00
nslsglf
36.00
]apsT
233
mos, ks_fjyf
wn:hfhsuf wn:hfH wn:hfhsuf jatfT wn:hfhsuf Ajaplf wn:hfhsuf lbf wn:hfhsuf nqaf iaPisuf iaP iaPisuf Ajaplf iaPisuf lbf iaPisuf nqaf iaPisuf wn:hfH
wmifiapf, ispa[of
30.00 04.48 03.36 02.24 07.12 06.00 24.00 02.42 01.48 05.24 04.30 03.36 18.00
30.00
24.00
18.00
js[dl
wiyfys Ajapkfksuf Ajaplf Ajapkfksuf lbf Ajapkfksuf nqaf
nslsglf. isnax
01.12 03.36 03.00
nslsglf
234
12.00 120.00
eltfjbfg ish;hfhx 2 lbs en;kfksuf Vifwia: js[dljysuf eltf rtsphx Fnfknfkkf kkfKikfksuf wkag_fjs Vifwia: FBjf rTjysUlf <qijanfk mjfksdp lsys;mf wmpfjstK. MiamlaoK eltfjbfg ish;hfhx maspaj Spjfjlf ndg whtftauf kaof maq;lf Ae;ajfjsplaj S:jfJlf. Ajei epajsjYlf ]aosjYlf Miamkfdk jibskfK kojfJkf kaeo Miam Vgfgkfdk maspaj Vgfgjf jtfTjf wjabfgafjyf. 2 lbs en;kfksuf lats lats ndgwhTlf MiamlaoK 2 lbs en;kfksTfJyf h]fm^kkf kkfKikfksuf wmpufhGlf jau en;kfdk mskfkafjyf Wkfkdo Kufusplajjf jbjfjsgfGyfyaafjyf Wofhdk WbfBlf ehaK Fiafjyf ljkfKilf FyisgfGjf rt LxpakK WofT wkasjstK.
235
]aosjYlf mskfkafjYlf djpsuf Caf kbfglf dikfks:hfhaafjyf. FkaiK dj Sgjfjao jsmfMhfhJkspsuf dikfKjf wjabfG DgfjaafnfK S:hfhaafjyf. Fnfk kbfgkfkstfJ whpaf iamsjfejauf WofhK. MiamlaoK Cg eibfxp kkfKikfksuf Cgisufdu Woftauf Miamkfdk maspao cjfJkf Kia;kfksuf Cgdihfhktfjaj hpofhGkfKlf ejauaJlf. ejagfjysof m]ffma;kfkstfJ Etfh losk Dguf Sp_fKjstK WofT FtsnfK FktfJ Etftatf ehauf klfLdg Dgdu Whfhx haKjajfj eibfGlf WofT Ftsispuf aqkspaj wmaofoaafjyf mskfkafjyf. kiataj Miamlf VGikauf DbfgaJlf isdyI
1 2 3 4 ]apstfT js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf ks_fjgf js[dl iuk namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf wmifiapff js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf Hkof js[dl iuK namspsuf mys, S:luf DbfgaJlf mys, MtftkfkaafjfJ ejG DbfgaJlf M;lf, iqbf mbfdg, maI Lkusp DbfgaJlf kduius, kq_fJjyff
236
Miamlf Vxoauf 5 6 7 iyafhsdt ispa[jf js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf wiyfys js[dl iuK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf mosjf js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf
wmifiapf, mos, ]apsT cofTlf wihfh ejagfjyf. wihfh Aksjfjlf Fyfys iqms Dgdu SpjfJjsoftK. FkOdgp Spjfjkfkstf ejtfthfhx jadu 4 lbsjfJ iuK namspsuf wihfhlao cmfMjf jatfT ngjfJlf. laThgfG ngjfJlaoauf eltfjbfg isdyIjyf EtfhGlf. Fekehauf wiyfys, ks_fjyf, Hkof cofTlf kgfhjf ejagfjyf. kgfh Aksjfjlf ngjfJlf nayf Wofhkauf SgK namspsuf Spufhajei ngjfJlf. lats ngnfkauf latftsjf wjayfy eibfGlf WofT rtsoaf. Fek ehau iyafhsdt ispa[osuf kgfhlf SgK namspsUlf, ekpfhsdt ispa[osuf wihfhlf iuK
237
Miamlff
Xa;tpUf;Fk;nghJ xU kdpjd; epkplj;jpw;F 13 Kjy; 17 tiu Rthrpf;fpwhd;. tpisahLk;nghJ 80 kl';F tiu mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. xU ehspy; ruhrhp 21/600 Kiw Rthrpf;fpnwhk;. ,J jhapd; thH;ehspy; 295.261 kp.yp msthFk;. Rthrk; Vw;gLfpwJ. tphpe;J cs;ns jpzwpg;nghd
tapw;wpy; gpwe;j mjph;r;rpapy; FHe;ijf;F Kjy; jirfs; RU';fp/ khh;g[ fhw;wGj;jk; thiaj; FiwfpwJ. jpwf;fpwJ.
FHe;ij
93. ,J kdpj
238
kdpj clk;gpy; fy;yPuypd; gzpfs; kpft[k; rpwg;ghdJ. fy;yPuk; Rkhh; 1/000 tpjtpjkhd gzpfis nkw;bfhs;fpwJ. clk;ig ey;y epiyapy; itj;jpUg;gJ/ ,uj;jk; ciuahky; ghJfhg;gJ/ tp#j;ij Kwpg;gJ nghd;wit ,jd; Kf;fpa gzpfs;. cly; cwg;g[fspy; fy;yPuy; kl;Lnk jd;id kPz;Lk; g[Jg;gpj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; jpwd; cilaJ. 3-y; 2 gfjp fy;yPuy; vLf;fg;gl;L tpl;lhYk; Tl mJ kPz;Lk; giHa epiyf;nf tsh;e;JtpLk;. thapy; bjhl';fp kyj;Jthuk; tiuahd 9.14 ePsks;s FHha;jhd; czit Ez;zpa Jqf;Ffshfg; ghpj;J FlYf;Fk;/ uj;jehs';fSf;Fk; clk;gpd; vila[s;s kpfg;bghpa mDg;g[fpwJ. cWg;ghd brd;W rj;Jf;fs; 1.36 fpnyh m';F
fy;yPuYf;Fr;
urhadg;bghUshf khw;wg;gl;L njitg;gLk;nghJ gad;gl nrkpj;J itf;fpwJ. o.vd;.V. Fnuhnkh!hkpd; FHe;ij Kf;fpa gFjp
bgw;nwhhplkpUe;J
kugqtHp
239
bry;Yfpd;wd. clk;gpd; xt;bthU bry;ypYk; Rkhh; 2 kPl;lh; mst[s;s o.vd;.V RUl;lg;gl;L 10 ikf;nuh tpLfpwJ. o.vd;.V. ehd;F mog;gilfs; bfhz;lJ/
U (GUANINE, ADENINE, CYSTOSINE, THYMINE) G, A, C, T,
kPl;lh;
mst[fSf;F
mlf;fg;gl;L
,iy
r.kP
Mf;fpukpj;Js;sJ. clypd; rUkj;jpd; 5 kl';F ,J Fly;fs; 70 Mz;Lfspy; 40.04 bkl;hpf; ld; czit brhpkhdj;jpw;fhf gjg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. vYk;g[fspd; bkhj;j vz;zpf;if 206. bjhil vYk;g[jhd; kpf ePskhdJ. fhjpd; fLg;gf;fk; ,Uf;Fk; ,izf;Fk; vYk;g[/ Rkhh; kpfr;rpwpa vYk;g[ vYk;ghFk;. 1/600 kpf fpnyh kdpj clypd;
tYikahdJ fqf;fhiya[k; KH';fhiya[k; viliaj;jh';Fk; rf;jp ,jw;F cz;L. clk;gpy; 639 jirfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
240
bkhj;j vilapy; mit 40. g[d;dif g[hpa[k; nghJ 17 jirfs; ,a';Ffpd;wd. nfhgg;gLk;nghJ 42 jirfs; ,a';Ffpd;wd. gpdgFjpapy; ,a';Fk; jir jhd; kpfg;bghpa jir. xU tpiug;ig behof;F 2/000 capuqf;fs; cw;gj;jp bra;fpwJ. xU bgz;zpd; fUg;igapy; mts; thH;ehspy; 400 Kl;ilfs;jhd; cw;gj;jp bra;g;gLfpwJ. jiyapy; Rkhh; (ruhrhp) kaph;fs; xU yl;rj;J
,Ugj;ije;jhapuk;
Kisf;fpd;wd.
jpdrhp 45 kaph;fs; tpGe;JtpLfpd;wd. xt;bthU kaph;fhYk; jdJ thH;ehspy; 9.14 kP cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; jpwd;bfhz;lJ. ruhrhp kdpjdpd; 1.85 r.kp.clk;ig \oapUf;fpwJ. 2.72 fpnyh vila[s;s njhy; ekJ fhJfs; 1/500 btntW
xypfisf; nfl;L czh;e;J bfhs;Sk; jpwd; bgw;wit. 72.418 fp.kP. beoa euk;g[fs; kzpf;F 360 fp.kP ntfj;jpy; bra;jpfis mDg;g[fpd;wd. kpf mjpfg;goahd ntfk; 532 fp.kP.
241
ehf;fpy; gj;jhapuj;jpw;Fk; nkw;gl;l czh;r;rp FkpH;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. thuk; njhWk; mit kdpjdpd; jk;ikg; g[Jg;gpj;Jf; bfhs;fpd;wd.
ehf;F Rkhh; 500 tpjkhd Ritfis czUk; jpwd; bfhz;lJ. 2/000 Kjy; 4/000 tiuapyhd kzj;ij \f;fhy; czu Koa[k;. Rkhh; 10/000 epw';fis gFj;jwpa[k; rf;jp bfhz;lJ. kdpjdpd; fz;fs; 1.68 fp.kP bjhiytpy; vhpe;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; xU bkGFth;j;jpiaf; ,jdhy; fhz Koa[k;. ,ikfs; fz;fis \o \o jpwf;Fk; neuj;ijf; fzf;fpl;lhy; xU ehspy; ehk; 30 tpdhofs; FUlh;fshf ,Uf;fpnwhk;. tapW ehbshd;Wf;F ,uz;L ypl;lh; iQl;nuh Fnshhph; mkpyj;ij cw;gj;jp bra;fpwJ. tapw;wpd; cl;gFjp Rthpy; xt;bthU epkplKk; Ie;J ,yl;rk; bry;fs; g[jpjhf cw;gj;jpahfp ,e;j mkpyk; tapw;Wr; Rtiu mHpj;J tplhjthW ghh;j;Jf; bfhs;fpd;wd. gue;Js;sJ kdpj njhy;. clypy; ruhrhp mjpfg;gug;gpy;
242
kdpjdpd; njhiy gug;gp itj;jhy; mJ 2 r.kP tUk;. \isapd; mog;gFjpapYs;s gpl;a{l;lhp Rugp kpf Kf;fpakhd cWg;g[/ tsh;r;rp/ ,jaKk; vLf;fhky; ,dtpUj;jp/ vd;lhf;hpd/ Rug;gpfspd; bray;ghL nghd;wtw;iw ,Jnt ftdpf;fpwJ. \j;jpug;igfSk; Xa;t[
ciHf;fpd;wd. lhd;rpy;/ mg;bgdof;!; ,uz;Lk; njitaw;w cWg;g[f;fs;. mit ,y;yhky; ve;j ghjpg;g[k; ,y;yhky; kdpjdhy; caph; thHKoa[k;. clk;g[f;F cldo rf;jpia tH';FtJ fy;yPuy;/ ,J fpisf;nfh$id mij nrkpj;J itj;Jf; rf;jp bfhz;L/ mspf;fpwJ. gy;ypd; vdhky; jhd; clk;gpd; kpff;fodkhf gFjp. jpdrhp ,uz;L ,yl;rk; bry;fs; gpwe;J mnj vz;zpf;ifapy; ,we;J nghfpd;wd. njhypd; nky; gFjp 15-30 ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw jd;idg; g[Jg;gpj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. kpf caukhd gFjpfspy; trpg;gth;fSf;F jhH;e;j gFjpapy; trpg;gth;fis tpl ,uz;L ypl;lh; ,uj;jk; FSnfhrhf khw;wp
243
mjpfkhf thFk;.
,Uf;Fk;.
caph;r;rf;jp
clypy;
xG';fhf Xof;bfhz;oUg;gnj
,d;g czh;
czt[/ ciHg;g[/ cwf;fk;/ Mz;-bgz; cwt[/ vz;zk; ,e;j Ie;J mk;r';fspy; bjhlh;e;j ftdk; njit. ,it mstpw;F mjpfkhdhYk; Fiwe;jhYk; Kiw jtwp bfhs;sg;bgw;whYk; caph; czt[ cz;nlh cjt[k;. rf;jp/ Xl;lk; ghjpf;fg;gk;. ,nyrhfg; neha;fs; gHtif cz;lhFk;. thuj;jpw;F xUKiwahtJ ,utpy; cl;bfhs;shky; my;yJ rpwpJ ghy;mUe;jpnah
cw';FtJ neha;fis xU mstpy; jLf;f cly; $Puzpf;fj;jf;f mst[ czt[ cz;lhy; mJ ed;ikahFk;. mst[f;F kPwpdhy; ,e;j czt[ cliy $Puzpf;Fk;/ fUtikg;g[ vz;zk;/ mika[k; bra;if/ epiy/ nfhs;fspd; re;jh;g;g ,j;jifa r";rhuj;jpy; Mfpa nkhjy;/
244
clypy; cs;s mq \yf';fs; mjw;F Vw;g tpiutpy; ntWgLk;. ,lKz;L. mjd; gadhf clypy; clypy; mtw;wpd; tpfpjhr;rhu';fs; Tlnth/ Fiwanth ,f;fhuz';fshy; RHd;nwhof; bfhz;oUf;Fk; fhe;jk;/ kpd;rhuk;/ fhw;W ,uj;jk; Mfpa ehy;tifa[k; mtw;wpd; tpiutpy; Vw;w jhH;t[fisg; bgWk; tpiuthf xt;bthU mta';f~nla[k; CLUtpr;bry;Yk; mtw;wpd; Xl;lj;jpy; jila[k; cz;lhFk;. ,e;j jil nehahf czug;gLfpwJ. ve;j mtaj;jpy; ve;j mst[ ve;j rf;jp Xl;lj;jpy; jilgLfpwnjh/ mjw;F Vw;g nehapd; tYt[k;/ bgaUk;/ mjw;F clypy; Xa;t[ fhyKk; eph;zapf;fg; xj;j bgWfpd;wd. neha;fis ePf;fpf;bfhs;Sk; rf;jp ,aw;ifahd gj;jpak; mike;Js;sJ. vLj;Jf; fhj;J bfhz;lhy;
neha;fs; kpft[k; tpiuthfj; jPh;e;JtpLk;. neha; fodkhf ,Ue;jhy; jf;f kUe;J tiffis cgnahfpf;fyhk;. nehaw;w clypy;jhd; mwpt[k;/ jpwd;gl ntiybra;a[k;. ,aw;if ,d;g';fis
245
Koa[k;/ thH
vdnt
tHpfz;L
epd;W xG';fhd
msthd ciHg;g[ ,tw;Wld; Toa thH;f;if eyj;njhL cjt[k;. bghwhik/ rpdk;/ t";rfk;/ ftiy/ fhk vz;z';fs;/ ,it cly; fhe;j rf;jpapid mst[f;F tplyhk;. kPw mHpj;JtpLk;. ,e;j jtj;jhYk; khw;wp Kaw;rp Muha;r;rpahYk; czh;r;rpfis md;g[
czh;e;njhiu
bra;a[';fs; btw;wp epr;rak;. czt[ cz;lt[ld; mjpf Xl;lk;/ rthhp/ fod ciHg;g[/ Mz;-bgz; clYwt[ ,it TlhJ. mLj;jLj;J ,r;bray;fspy; <LgLnthUf;F tapw;Wg; g[z; cz;lhfptpLk;. mJ Fd;kk; vd;w nehahfptpLk;. clypypUe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. fHpthfp btspnaWk;
ve;jg;bghUSk; clypd; kPJ j';fhky; ghh;j;Jf; mit clnd fpUkpfshf khWk; tha;g;g[ ,Uf;fpdwJ. xU ehisf;F xU
246
KiwahtJ bte;ePhpnyh jz;zPhpnyh Fspf;f ntz;oaJ mtrpak;. kyge;jk;/ m$Puzk; ,it Vw;glhky; ghJfhg;gJ cly; eyj;ijg; ngqk; tHpfspy; kpf Kf;fpakhdJ. cly; caph;rf;jp/ tpe;J/ ehjk;/ rPtfhe;jk;/ kdk; ,it Ie;Jk; xUnru ,a';Fk; mikg;g[jhd; kdpj totkhFk;. nfhof;fzf;fhd rpw;wiufs; nrh;e;J mLf;fLf;fhf ,a';FtJ ,e;j cly;/ xt;bthU rpw;wiuf;Fk; ,Ug[wk; fhe;jf; fth;r;rp cz;L. cly; epiyj;jpUf;f ntz;Lkhdhy; mjpy;
mike;Js;s rpw;wiufspd; vz;zpf;iff;Fk;/ gSt[f;Fk; Vw;w $Ptfhe;j mGj;jk; njit. $Ptfhe;jk; vd;gJ caph;r;rf;jp ,a';Ftjhy; vGk; miyahFk;. xt;bthU caph;j;JfSk; jd;idj; jhnd kpftpiuthfr; Rw;wpf; bfhz;L ,Ug;gjhy; ,Uf;Fk; mjpypUe;J miy/ Vw;gl nghjpa tphpe;J bfhz;nl njhd;wpf; mGj;jk; ,Uf;Fk; bjhlh;e;J $Ptfhe;j $Ptfhe;jk;
247
tiuapy;jhd; clypYs;s rpw;wiufspd; mLf;F Fiuahky; epiyj;J ,Uf;Fk;. ,uj;j Xl;lk;/ fhw;nwhl;lk;/ bts;s Xl;lk;
capUf;Fk;
clYf;Fk; ,ilna cs;s Mw;wiy epiyf;fr; vdnt cliyj; jh';f $Ptfhe;jk; mjw;F caph;j;Jfs;fs; nghjpast[ ntz;oa njit. tpe;J nghjpa mst[ njit. $Pthfhe;jj;ijg; bgUf;f ntz;Lkhdhy; vz;zpf;fia[s;s jd;ika[k;
caph;j;Jspfs; tpe;J ehj jputj;jpd; msita[k;/ bghWj;jJ. (Mz;tpe;J)/ ehjk; (bgz;tpe;J) ,Ue;jhy; jhd; cliy elj;jg;nghJkhd $Ptfhe;j rf;jpia cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; mst[f;F clypy; caph; rf;jp Jfs;fs; epiyj;jpUf;Fk;. $Ptfhe;j mst[ rhpahf ,Ue;jhjhd; gU
clyhdJ rpw;wiufspd; xG';fhd ,af;fj;jhy; rPuhf ,a';fpf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. kdKk; ey;y Kiwapy; ,a';Fk;. $Ptfhe;jj;jpd; xU gFjp
248
cly; rPw;wiufspd; \yk; clypaf;fkhft[k; kw;bwhU gFjp \dsapd; rpw;wiufs; \ykhf kdmiyfshft[k; ,a';fpf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. cly;/ tpe;J/ caph;rf;jp/ $Ptfhe;jk;/ cly; kid ,af;fk; vd;w bjhlhpid ed;whf kdjpy; gjpj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ,e;j Ie;jpy; xd;W Fiw ,Ue;jhYk; ,af;f xG';F Fiye;jhYk;/ mJ mg;go kw;wtw;iw xt;bthd;whfg; Vw;gLk; ghjpf;Fk;. ,af;fk; xd;Wf;bfhd;W jdJ
Kuz;ghl;ow;F Vw;g typ/ tpahjp/ kuzk;/ ,it rk;gtpf;Fk;. btspg;g[w bray;fs; \ykhfnth/ fhe;j nkhJjnyh/ nfhs;fspd;
miytPr;R \ykhfnth cd;Dila $Ptfhe;jk; cly; ,af;fk; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;. czt[/ cwf;fk;/ ciHg;g[/ clYwt[/ vz;zk; ,e;j Ie;J tifapy; myl;rpak; kpjkp";rpa cgnahfk;/ Kuz;ghlw;w cgnahfk;/ ,tw;why; cly; ,af;fk; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;. ,J jd;Dila bray; \ykhf tUk; tpist[. jl;g btg;g Vw;w jhH:t[ kw;Wk; jw;bray; tpgj;Jf;fshy; Vw;gLk;
249
nrik/ xd;nwhL xd;W neh;gLjy;/ uhrpkhw;wk; Mfpa fhuz';fs; xt;bthhpd; gpwe;jehs; nfhs; epiyf;F vw;g $Ptfhe;jk; Vw;w jhH:tiljy; ,g;go mndf mk;r';fshy; FHg;gk; tUk;. ve;j tpjj;jpy; cly; eyk; FHg;gk; mile;jhYk;/ jhnd mjidr; rhpgLj;jp cliy eykhf;fp bfhs;fpd;w ,aw;if tpahjp clypnyna xt;bthUtUf;Fk; Xust[ mike; jpUf;fpwJ. ,jid FHg;gj;ij jh';fpf; bfhs;Sk; ,aw;if epajp MFk;. ,aw;if epajp mikj;j mst[w;Fk; nkyhf FHg;gk; kPwpdhy;jhd; mJ cly; ,af;fj;ijg; ghjpf;Fk;. ghjpg;g[ Vw;gLk;bghGJ/ kdpjd; jd;Dila Kaw;rpapdhy; clw;gapw;rp/ kdg;gapw;rp/ czt[ Kiw \yk; cly ;eyj;ijf; fhj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;.
250
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
maka;blajhf ehMlfehaK wmatfwha[sI D;kfk ehmfM ngjfJlf ehaK jxo eidu mbfdgpsuf Dt_fJlf ehaK eijlapf CGlf ehaK lakafjysglf rGlf ehaK
12 16 20 24 36 48 56 64
8 8 10 12 24 30 28 24
4 8 10 12 12 18 28 40
nalf Miamsjfjsoft cmfmaoK namskfKia;_fjysof i[spaj H:idlplf WofOlf Sgkfksuf kdupsof nG hajkfksuf jkfkasjf ejauf ehau M[skfK haklf id; wmofT FdokfK Dgusof haj_fjusUlf hs;eimskfK hsofH nams i[spaj 12 F_fJulf nqgfmspsuf nams i[spaj wiysep wmufUjstK. lqbfGlf cmfM Dyfey S{jfjsoft ehaK 8 F_fJulf Dyfey hs;eimsjj f stK. 4 F_fJulf cmfM is;plf AjstK. Shfhxpaj
251
nlK
Dgdu
MiamlaoK Ekaik V: namskfKia;kfksof culf 12 F_fJu nqgfmspsuf wiusepTlf. ltft namspsuf 1 MiamkfkstfJ eluf nqgfms DbfgajaK. loskof Miamsjfjsoft cmfM 12 F_fJulf nqgfmspajs 8 F_fJulf Dyfey wmofT 4 F_fJulf is;plajstK. Ajei Miamkfdk is;plf wmpfpaluf S:hfhksof culf Dguf lgfGlf iusdl whTiKlgfGlufualuf FdokfK mskfKjfjYlf wmpfjsoft, rGjsoft iufuhlf loskOjfJ DbfgajstK WofT jbfgtsnfkiafjyf mskfkafjyf. Miamlf Whfhx wmuiajstK Wofhdk jq[fjbfgiaT rtsPyfyoaf. eltfjbfg ish;hfhx MiamlaoK is;plf AjstK. Ajei kaof ia;kfkstfJ V: ldtepa S;bfG Ldtepa wlyo is;klf S:jfjsoftoaf. lakafjdyjf rGlf ehaK 15 nagfjYjfJ V:
2
252
Ldt rGiK msthfH. wlKiaj Sosdlpajhf ehMiK, lsk ndg ehaoft h[jfj_fjdy EtfhGkfksjf wjayfy eibfGlf. nqaf, wn:hfH, jatfT, Ajaplf, ^ls Snfk h]fm^kkf kkfKilao losk Dgusuf Miamlf Wnfkkf kkfKikfksuf VGjstK Wofhdk Miamlf cjfjsuf VGidk dikfek wkasnfK wjayfyualf.eltfjbfg ish;hfhx 2 lbs
en;kfksuf Vifwia: js[dljysuf eltf rtsphx Fnfknfkkf kkfKikfksuf wkag_fjs Vifwia: FBjfrTjysUlf <qijanfk mjfksdp lsys;mf wmpfjsyK. MiamlaoK eltfjbfg ish;hfhx maspaj Spjfjlf ndg whtftauf kaof maq;lf Ae;ajfjsplaj S:jfJlf. Ajei epajsjYlf aosjYlf Miamkfdk jibskfK kojfJkf kaeo Miam Vgfgkfdk maspaj Vgfgjf jtfTjf wjabfhafjyf. 2 lbs en;kfksuf lats lats ndgwhTlf MiamlaoK 2 lbs em;kfksTfJyf hfm^kkf kkfKikfksuf wmpufhGlf jau en;kfdk mskfkafjyf Wkfkdo Kufusplajjf jbjfjsgfGyfyaafjyf Wofhdk WbfVlf ehaK Fiafjyf ljkfKilf FyisgfGjf rt LxpakK WofT wkasjstK. ]aosjYlf mskfkafjYlf djpsuf Caf kbfglf dikfksLhfhaafjyf. FkaiK dj
253
SFjfjao jsmfMhfhJkspsuf dikfKjf wjabfG DgfjaafnfK S:hfhaafjyf. Fnfk kbfgkfkstfJ whpaf iamsjfejauf WofhK. MiamlaoK Cg eibfxp kkfKikfksuf Cgisufdu Woftauf Miamkfdk maspao cjfJkf Kia;kfksuf Cgdihfhktfjaj hpofhGkfKlf ejauaJlf. ejagfjysof mfma;kfkstfJ Etfh losk Dguf Sp_fKjstK WofT FtsnfK FktfJ Etftatf ehauf mlfLdg Dhdu Whfhx haKjajfj eibfGlf WofT Ftsispuf aqkspaj wmaofoaafjyf mskfkafjyf.
254
vaspjf JGlfhkfksof ejagfjyf ^lspsof enaf ejagfxuf jksPlf en;el Fnfkjf ejagfjysof whpaseuep ia; nagfjyf whpaf Dyfyo WofT
lbs Lkuf lbs wmifiapf, wiyfys, ispa[of ispa[of mos id; ]apsT Hkof, (iyafhsdt) (ekpfhsdt) ks_fjyf iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK SgK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK iuK
hs;ks Flaiadm, hs;kdlPlf, hs;ks whyafbls, FGkfk naYlf jadu 4 Lkuf 6 id; iukfksuf VgeibfGlf
ltft nagfjyf
jadu 6 4 6 8 10 12 2 8 10 12 2 4
ladu 6 4 6 S;I 8 10 12 2 8 10 12 2 4
jadu 6 4
255
haafkfekalf. Vifwia: naYlf Vifwia: ejagfjyf jksPlf jkspaoK loskdoPlf SpjfJjstK Fkoaeu kaof epajsjyf Miamkfdk vasp Dkplf wkag_fjiktfJ S;bfG lbs em;kfkstfJ Lof Miamkfdk latfts wjaGkfK mas wmpfiaafjyf. Ldtpaj MiamlaoK jq[fjbfgish;hfhx wkag_fjeibfGlf. Fgfgidb jqe[ wjaGjfjhfhgfGyfyK. 1. Dkfk;apblf jaulf FkaiK dk laklf Lkuf ekjspofT jadu 4 Lkuf 6 id; Sgjdu (mnfks; jdu) Cgfg eibfGlf. 2. kgfmsbapblf Ax Lkuf ekks jadu 4 Lkuf 6 id; hs_fjdu (vasp jdu) Cgfg eibfGlf. 3. ispa[jfjs[dlpofT ia; Miam Vhfhkfdk hasemakdo wmpfPlf nayf. Ajei 4 Lkuf 6 lbs hasemaksjfj eibfGlf. 4. iyafhsdt, hs;kdl, Kisksdp, ks:ksdp, Sgjdu DkskfK Cg eibfGlf. 5. ekpfhsdt, hs;kdl, Kisksdp, ks:ksdp jysuf vaspjdu DkskfK VgeibfGlf.
256
1 ]apstfT js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf 2 ks_fjgf js[dl iuk namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf
3 wmifiapff js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf M;lf, iqbfmbfdg, maI Lkusp DbfgaJlf 4 Hkof js[dl iuK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf 5 iyafhsdt ispa[jf js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf 6 wiyfys js[dl iuk namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf 7 mosjf js[dl SgK namspsuf Miamlf Vxoauf kduius, kq_fJjyff DbfgaJlf ekjenapf DbfgaJlf jbf, jaK enapf DbfgaJlf <bfbs DbfgaJlf
eltfjbfg Fgfgidopsofhx maljafjyf kofOdgp cmfdm Spjfjhf h[j eibfGlf. ejagfjysof jksafiqmfMjfJlf losk Dguf ApjfjkfkstfJlf cmfMjf jatftsof wkagafehaG Dgusuf wmpufhaGjyf ndgwhTjsofto. Ajei ejagfjysof jkskf kofdljfJ Etfh Miamkfdk Spjfjhf h[jsoiafjyf nqbfgjaulf Ae;ajfjsplaj ia[fiaafjyf. Sdijyf mskfkafjyf Ftsispuf aqkspajjf jbfGhsxkfk Dbfdljyf. eltfJtshfhsgfg Fgfgidohfhx cmfmaoK ]apsT, wmifiapf, mos, iuK nakspsUlf wyfys, ks_fjyf,
257
Hkof SgK namspsUlf Vg eibfGlf. iyafhsdt ispa[jf js[dl SgK namspsUlf ekpfhsdt ispa[jfjs[dl iuK namspsulf Miamlf Vg eibfGlf. Snfk Vgfglf Fksjadu 4 Lkuf 6.10 lbsjfJuf Sp_fj eibfGlf. emakdo wmpfK haafjfj eibfxp en;Llf FKei.kiataj Miamlf VGikauf DbfgaJlf isdyI wmifiapf, mos, ]apsT cofTlf wihfh Aksjfjlf Fyfys iqms Dgdu SpjfJjsoftK. FkOdgp Spjfjkfkstfejtfthfhx jadu 4 lbsjfJ iuK namspsuf wihfhlao cmfmjf jatfT ngjfJlf. laThgfG ngjfJlaoauf eltfjbfg isdyIjyf EtfhGlf. Fekehauf wiyfys, ks_fjyf, Hkof cofTlf kgfhjf ejagfjyf. kgfh Aksjfjlf ngjfJlf nayf Wofhkauf SgK namspsuf Spufhajei ngjfJlf. lats ngnfkauf lattsjf wjayfy eibfGlf WofT rtsoaf. Fek ehau iyafhsdt ispa[of kgfhlf SgK namspsUlf ekpfhsdt ispa[osuf wihfhlf iuK namspsUlf Miamlf ndg wht eibfGlf WofT rtsoaafjyf. loskof Miamsjfjsoft cmfM 12 F_fJulf nqgfmspajs 8 F_fjulf Dyfey wmofT 4 F_fJulf
258
is;plajstK. Ajei Miamkfdk is;plf wmpfpaluf S:hfhksof culf Dguf lgfGlf iusdl whTiKlgfGlufualuf FdokfK mskfKjfjYlf wmpfjsoft rGjsoft iufuhlf loskOjfJ DbfgajstK WofT jbfgtsnfkiafjyf mskfkafjyf. Miamlf Whfhx wmuiajstK Wofhdk jq[fjbfgiaT rtsPyfyoaf. eltfjbfg ish;hfhx MiamlaoK is;plf AjstK. Ajei kaof ia;kfkstfJ V: ldtepa S;bfG Ldtepa wmyo is;klf S:jfjsoftoaf. lakafjdyjf rGlf ehaK 15 nagfjYjfJ V: Ldt rGiK msthfH. wmKiaj Sosdlpajhf ehMiK lsk ndg ehaoft h[jfh_fjdy EtfhGkfksjf wjayfy eibfGlf. nqaf, wn:hfH, jatfT, Ajaplf, ^ls Snfk h]fm^kkf kkfKilao losk Dgusuf Miamlf Wnfkkf kkfKikfksuf VGjstK Wofhdk Miamlf cjfjsuf VGidk dikfek wkasnfK wjayfyualf. cjfJkf Kia;kfksof eltfhJksdpmf maafnfk Miamlf Cxoauf cjfjsof naofJ HtLlf jdunfK Fjfos
259
Cxoauf cjfjsof Miamlf en;ajmf wmoftauf cjfjsof Miamlf jq[ajmf wmoftauf lbf nqaf
lbf, nqaf kkfKilf Dujspuf isija;lf Wofhkauf FK Ktit SpUjfJ WGkfKjf wjayfyhfhg lagfgaK. Fjfos nufisdo kqisdo S;bfdgPlf ma:lf. ltftdi Wufualf Ktit Spuf
260
15 kspaolf
epajkfksuf kspaolf WohfhGiK E[aiK nsdupaJlf. Fgfga_fj epajlf Wofjst WgfGidjpao epajkfksuf AtaiK nsdu jgnfK E[aiK nsduep kspaolf AJlf. DbafIjfJlf S;kfk CgfgkfkstfJlf wn:_fjsp wkagafHbfG. Ajei S;bfGlf mq;aj dikfks:jfj eibfGlf. Foftaglf Dt_fjs
261
W{nfkK Lkuf S;I Dt_fJlf id; hufeiT mlfhi_fjdy, hs;mfmdojdy, ejah kah DbafIjdy loskof mnfksjfjstaof. Fiof mnfksjfjsoft Vifwia: wmpufhagfGjfJ Etfh Dbafiauf S;kfk Vgfglf laThgfG wmpufhGlf. DbafIlf, S;kfk CgfgLlf, S;bfgtjf junfK wmpuf hGjsofto WofT. S;kfk Cgfglf laThgfG wmpuf hGikauf Dgusuf huisdyIjyf EtfhGjsofto. nlK Dgusof Vifwia: FBjfjYjfJlf FBjfrgfgkfkstfJlf Mkfkjf jatfT Woft mkfK kaof Dps;atftdukf k:jstK. nalf MiamsjfJlf ehaK Miamjf jatfT S;kfkkfksuf junfK nlK Dgusof Wufua DThfHjfjYjfJlf FBkfks;yfjYjfJlf iusdldpjf wjaGjfjstK. laThgfg S;kfk Cgfglf ndg whTlaoauf Dgusof Dyf DThfHjYjfJ S;kfk Cgfglf maspao Ldtpsuf hapak hJks h{kdgnfK DhadkjYjfJ AyajstK. Snfk S;kfk Cgfglf masi; ndg whTiktfJ losk ia[fjfdjpsuf Vifwia:i:lf jadu, ladu kspaolf wmpfp eibfGlf WofT
262
maofeyaafjyf rTjsoftoaf. kspaolf wmpfPlf ehaK Wnfkisk DbafIlf Sufualuf S:jfjstwha{K Miamjf jatfT mq;aj Sp_fJjstK. Miamlf mq;aj Sp_fJikof culf Mkfkjf jatfT S;kfkkfksuf junfK Dgusof Dyf DThfHjfjYjfJ Vifwia: FBjf rTjYjfJlf FK Dpsaf Atftdukf k:jstK. Fkoauf Dguf Ae;ajfjsplf whTjstK. kspaokfksof culf lolaoK Atftduhf whTjstK. kspaolf wmpfPlf ehaK lolaoK Wnfkisk muoLlsufualuf H:ilkfks Wofjst Sgkfksuf JispdikfKhf h[Jjsetalf. lolf Jisikauf cdy Kzpfdlpajs eh;atftduhf whTkstK. Wnfk hs;mfmdopaoaUlf Wusksuf lolaoK isdg jbfGisGlf Atftuf FktfJ jsdgjfjstK. mstsK en;lf Dofoshfhaj jibsjfJlf ehaK lolf JisjstK. FK JisPlf kofdl nljfJ FtsPlf Atftdukfk:jstK. Ajei kspaolf WofhK Foftag ia[fjfdjpsuf ekdipao VofT. Snfk kspaokfdk Wnfk en;kfksuf wmpfiK? Wufeua:lf ejgfjsoft ejyfisep. en;lf jsdgkfk ehawkufualf wmpfpualf WoftaUlf,
263
Fksjadu vasp DkpkfkstfJ LofHlf, FkaiK 4 lbs Lkuf 6 lbsjfJ LofHlf, ladu 6 lbs Lkuf 8 lbs idt wmpfiK msthfhaJlf. Eof Fksjadu kspaolf wmpfp eibfGlf Woftauf S;I L{iKlf Dt_fjs Fksjadu vaspjf jksafjyf Hu:lf en;kfksuf Vemaof lbfgukfksus:nfK FtfHklao jatfT iqMlf. FK DgUjfJ Fyhfhasp Atftdujf wjaGjfJlf. Fkoauf kaof Fksjadu kspaolf wmpfP_fjyf WofT maofetafjyf rTjsoftoaf. Sdkep iyfyuaaf S;alus_fj Fxjyaaf rTlf ehaK FLkjf jatfT WofT rTiaaf. maofetafjyf rTlf ehaK,
mqafwhTlf Fnaks msiajlhfhxep enafwhT nskfp nspllf Haseiaaf jks;iof W{Lof jxdj <nfwko lkswht W{nfK lejmdo nsdokfek -nspl Fjiuf
eltf jbfg hagfxof wha:yaiK FOksoLlf kspaolf wmpfhiafjyf vasp DkpkfkstfJ LofH <nfK jxdj Lof W[eibfGlf. FkaiK vasp
264
DkpkfkstfJ LofH 2 lbs wn;kfkstfJ LofH W{nfks:jfj eibfGlf WofhkaJlf. Fksjadu W{nfK kspaolf wmpfikayf Wofo hpof Woft ejyfisjfJ maofetafjyf rTikaiK
Hkfks FktfJhf wha:nfKlf wkysiysjfJlf Mkfk n;lfhsottf TzpfdlPTlf hskf wka[sPlf kaui[s iak hskfklf kkfk nsdu lofOlsks jadu is[shfhsof Jblf -hkaafkfk msnfkalbs
eltf jbfg hagusof isyjfjlaoK, Fksjadu W{nfK kspaolf wmpfikauf HkfkspaoK loekaG SdonfK wkysiao nsdu FdgPlf. Dgusof nax n;lfHjyf Wufualf maspao nsdu FdgnfK Kpfdl FdgPlf. iaklf, hskfklf, mseukfKl_fjyf maspao Ldtpsuf wmpufhGlf WofhkaJlf. hs;h]fmkfksuf Dyfy FdokfK AtftufjYlf Jisiksof culf eh;atftuaj lsusafjstK. kspaokfksuf S:idjpaoiafjyf DbfG. V:idjpsoaf Sufukfksus:nfK wjabfG kspaolf wmpfiaafjyf. ltfwta: idjpsoaf epajsjyf.
265
266
jiolf wmUkfksjf wjabfG S:nfkaUlf Wbfb Fdujyf kdghGlf. Shfhx SdgisgaK ksoLlf h[jsjf wjabfG infkauf Wbfb Fdujyf kajfjaK wlufu wlufu isuJlf. Eof H:ilkfksdphf haafkfK kspaolf wmpfp eibfGlf? Snfk hs;h]fmlaoK kofospjfj M[tfms wjabfgK. kofospjfj M[tfmspsuf dlphfhJks Whfwha{Kel jq[f enajfjs QafjfJlf kofdl Sptfdjpajei S:jfjstK. Dka;blaj kbfbqaf M[Ujsoft ehaK M[usof dlphfhJks Dyf S{jfJlf kofdl wjabfgK Wofhdk Wufeua:lf Ftsiqafjuf. ^ls kofospjfj M[tfms wjabfgK. Fksuf hstnfk loskOlf M[ofT wjabfG S:jfjstaof. J[nfdk kapsof ipstftsus:nfK hstnfkKlf FK hs;h]fm Atftdu kofOdgp Dmfmnfkdupsof culf QafjfJlf. hstnfk J[nfdkpsof kduhJkspsuf FdokfK Sg_fjYlf wjgfxpaj iusdlpaj S:jfJlf ehaK Dmfmnfkdu hyfylajIlf ls:KiajIlf, KxhfhKlajIlf S:jfJlf. hs;h]fm Atftdu J[nfdkpsof Dmfmnfkdu QafjfJlf. kduhfhJkspao Dmfmnfkdu wjgfxhfhg
267
wjgfxhfhg cjfjsof culf Miamlf ndgwhtfT hs;h]fm Atftduhf whTlf. DmfmnfkdujfJlf luiapf S:jfJlf SgkfkstfJlf, Snfk S;bfGjfJlf Sdghfhgfg hJkspseu kaof losk Dgdu SpjfJjsoft Aka;jf mjfj;_fjyf Dyfyo. DmfmnfkdujfJlf cuaka;kfkstfJlf Sdgep Dyfy Aka;_fjyf Dgusof maspao nGdlpkfksuf S:jfJlf. ^lspaoK Whfhx ^lkfkspe;dj nGdlp Qafhauf M[Ujsofteka Fek ehau losk Dguf wmpuf haGjyf nGdlp Aka;mf mjfj;kfkauf wmpufhGjsofto. hs;h]fm Atftdu J[nfdkpaj S:jfJlf ehaK Dmfmnfkdu js;jsjfjstK. J[nfdk FK iyafnfkIgof MiamlaoK cjfJkf Kdypsuf jstjskfK Fek Dmfmnfkdu wmofT M[snfK Dguf L{jfj h;Ijsoft M{Ldo n;lfH culf wmpufhGjstK. M{Ldo Wofjst n;lfhaoK H:ilkfkspsuf S:jfjsoft ja;bkfkauf hs;h]fm Atftduhf wht M{Ldopsuf lodk dikfK kspaolf wmpfp eibfGlf WofT rTjsetalf. loK mskTlf ehaK js;jsjfjsoft hs;h]fm Atftuf
268
KtI ia[fjfdj
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269
Jwt[ MFk;. Md;khthdJ bjspe;j mwptpny KGik bgw;w gpd; ,y;ywj;jpypUe;nj Jwt[ epiyapy; thHyhk;. ,d;W gyngh; ,y;ywf; flikfs; kwe;J/ mwk; gpwH;e;J/ nrhk;gy; nguhir ,tw;nwhL gpwh; bghUisf;bfhz;L thH;tJ Jwtwk; vd fUJfpd;wdh;. ,j;jifa ,Hp;e;j thH:itj; Jwtwk; vd;W jtwhff; Twp ek;gp ,d;W jhk; VkhWtnjhL vd;W gpwiua[k; Vkhw;wp; cyt[fpd;w fhl;rpiaa[k; mwptpd; fhqfpnwhk;. epiwt[ bgw;W
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270
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271
V: FB WofhK 60% Lkuf 90% kbfbq:lf ltfTlf 90 wiifeiT wha:gfjYlf emafnfK DyfygjfjspK. Vifwia: FBIlf kofdomf Mtfts V: haKjahfHjf jimlf Woft ehaafdijfJyf S:jfjstK. Fnfkjf jimlf Cytoplasm, Intra Cellular Fluid, ltfTlf Organ Cells Fdijyauf AokaJlf. SifiBjfjyf S;bfG idj, 1. wiyfdy FB, 2. msjhfH FB. Vifwia: FBIlf 40 Lkuf 90 mV janfk mjfks wjabfGyfyK. V: FBjfrasof 20 Lkuf 30 mV mjfks Jdtnfkauf Fnfk FBisuf ejofmaf ispaks i; iapfhfHbfG. 90 mV eluf rxoauf japfmuf, hu D`fb mlfhnfklao ispaksjyf i;ualf. Ajei nlK FBisof lsof mjfksdp mq;ao Ldypsuf wmpufhg dijfj epajamoLlf, kspaoLlf Softspdlpakkapf S:jfjstK.
272
FB
mq vd;why; Vnjh ,d;W tp";"hdpfs; fz;Lgpoj;jjy;y. Muhag;gl;lit. vd;nwh "hdpfshy; myrp mqf;fs; gw;wp itnrrpf rpj;jhe;jk; KGf;f KGf;f TWfpwJ. mitfs; me;j VLfs; ,d;W fhyj;jhy; mHpe;J tpl;ld. mq vd;gJ jj;Jt "hdj;jpy; Kot[f;F ,e;j Kothd xU cz;ikiaf; TWtJ.
gpug";rk; my;yJ cyfj;jpd; bjhlf;fj;jpd; mwpa Kaw;rpj;jhy; Kjypy; Koit ehk; bjhpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. Kot[ v';nfnah m';nfjhd; bjhlf;fKk; Muk;gkhFk;. bfhz;L mHptpida[k;/ epiyahd v';nfh Vwpdhy; btl;l mjd; btspapypUe;J xU E}y; bjhl';Fkhdhy; mjd; Koitg;goj;Jf; bjhlf;fj;ij gpug";rj;jpw;F mwpa \d;W fz;lhh;fs;. mwpayhk;. mst[ mJnghy Muk;gj;ija[k; nfhiyf;
gFjpfshfg; gphpj;jy;.
273
Koahj epiytiu mHpe;J bfhz;nlnghdhy; mqf;fspy; Koa[k;. ,t;thqf;fs;jhd; cyfpd; xLf;fk;. fhyj;jpw;F ,tw;wpypUe;Jjhd; cyfk; mq g{jpkhd;fs;/ Mfk \iy
cw;gj;jpahfpwJ. Mq bfhs;iffis ntj Kd;gpUe;j rhd;nwhh;fs; (fp.K.500) Mz;LfSf;F Kd;ng Twpa[s;sdh;. ,tw;iwbay;yhk; ekJ Ma;t[j;jpwdhdJ gpug";rj;jpd; E}y;fspy; fhzyhk;. jkpHwp"h;fs; rpj;jh;fs; KLf;fisbay;yhk; myrp Ma;t[f; fskhf;fp mjida[k; RUl;o jdJ Rfj;jpy; itj;Js;s rpj;jh;fs; mth;fisg; ghuhl;l ekf;F ehtpy;iy. g[yd;fis mz;l btd;W jd;Dila Th;ikahd mjd; Mw;wyhy; gphpf;f Koahj gukqtpy; ,Ue;J nguz;l';fs; njhd;wpaij mqj;jpwid Ma;e;jth;fs; mwpe;jth;fs;.
fjputd; xypapy; kpd;Dfpd;wd vd;why; mjw;F vd;d fhuzk;> thdtpy; Fsph;e;J mHfhf fhl;rp jUfpwJ vd;why; vd;d bghUs;> vd;W
274
Muha;e;jdh;. mjd; tpist[ rpd;d";rpW Jspfs; ,Ue;jhf bghUis filrpapy; Ma;e;jdh;. ntz;Lk; mjd; vd;W epiy fz;ldh;. gw;wp xU Jz;oj;Jf; bfhz;nl brd;why; rpj;jh;fs;
h;laB
Md;kht[k; mjd; Mw;wYk; vz;zpyh nfho mz;l';fs; njhd;Wtjw;F rpj;jh;fs; nguz;l';fs; \y fhuzkhf ,g;gpug";rk; tps';FtJ/ vd;W mog;gilahf ,Ug;gJ/ xU mqrf;jp. mijna "hdpfs; gukhq brhy;fpwhh;fs;. gukhq vd;gJ gphpf;f Koahj mq vd;gJ bghUs;. me;jg; gukhqnt gue;J tphpe;J ,af;fpf; gukhj;jkh Mw;wnyh ,af;f';fSf;Fk; fplf;fpd;w vd;wdh;. mz;l/ mnj nguz;l';fis mijna mqtpd; $Ptuhrpfspd; tps';Ftjhy; \y bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd. xt;bthU fhuzkhf
275
ek;kplk; cs;s
kfj;Jtk; tha;e;j Mw;wy; kpf;f Md;khtpd; rf;jpia czh;e;J mij ekf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; bfhs;tJjhd; Md;k"hdkhFk;. Mdhy; ek;kplk; cs;s Md;khtpd; Mw;wiyg; g[hpe;J bfhs;shky;/ ek;kplk; cs;s Mw;wiy vg;go btspf;bfhzh;tJ? my;yy;fSf;F vg;go ,af;FtJ? ,g;gog;gl;l vdj;bjhpe;J bfhs;shky; thH:f;ifapy; gytpj Mshfpnwhk;. my;yy;fspypUe;J tpLjiy bgw Kad;W btw;wp fz;lth;fs;jhd; "hdpfSk;/ rpj;jh;fSk;.
276
277
,e;j
gpug";rk; my;yJ cyfj;jpd; bjhlf;fj;jpid mwpa Kaw;rpj;jhy; Kjypy; Koit ehk; bjhpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. Kot[ v';nfnah m';nfjhd; bjhlf;fKk; Muk;gkhFk;. bfhz;L mHptpida[k;/ epiyahd v';nfh Vwpdhy; btl;l mjd; btspapypUe;J xU E}y; bjh';Fkhdhy; mjd; Koitg;gpoj;Jf; bjhlf;fj;ij gpug";rj;jpw;F mwpa \d;W fz;lhh;fs;. mwpayhk;. mst[ mJnghy Muk;gj;ija[k; nfhiyf;
xU t!;Jt[f;F mHpt[ vd;gJ ,jw;F nky; gphpf;f brd;W cyfpd; cyfk; jd;Dila Koa[k;. xLf;fk;. Th;ikahd
cw;gj;jpahfpwJ.
278
mz;l
nguz;l';fs;
njhd;wpaij
mjd;
mqj;jpwid Ma;e;jth;fs; mwpe;jth;fs;. fjputd; xypapy; kpd;Dfpd;wd vd;why; mjw;F vd;d fhuzk;/ thdtpy; Fsph;e;J mHfhf fhl;rp jUfpwJ vd;why; vd;d fhuzk;/ vd;W Muha;e;jdh;. bghUis filrpapy; Ma;e;jdh;.
mqtpy; mqtpid Mjpgpuhid mqtpy; mqtpid Mapuk; Twpl;L mqtpy; mqtpid mqf ty;yhh;f;F mqtpy; mqtpid mqfYkhnk - jpU\yh; mqitj; Jisj;J VH;fliy g[fl;o - xsitahh;
mjd;
279
nkw;fz;l ghly; \yk; rpj;jh;fs; mqitg; gw;wp vd;nwh g{jpkhd;fs;/ Twpa[s;sij rhd;nwhh;fs; mwpayhk;. fp. K. Mq 500 bfhs;iffis ntj fhyj;jpw;F Kd;gpUe;j mE Mz;LfSf;F Kd;ng Twpa[s;sdh;. jkpHwp"h;fs; rpj;jh;fspd; ,tw;iw
bay;yhk; ekJ Mfk E}y;fspy; fhzyhk;. Ma;t[j;jpwdhdJ RUl;o jdJ gpug";rj;jpd; \iy KLf;Ffisbay;yhk; myrp Ma;t[f;fskhf;fp mjida[k; ff;fj;jpy; itj;Js;sdu;. rpj;jh;fs; mth;fisg; ghuhl;l ekf;F ehtpy;iy.