M MME EEE EE- --3 330 004 44 T TTU UUR RRB BBO OOM MMA AAC CCH HHI

I IIN NNE EES SS

A AAX XXI IIA AAL LL T TTU UUR RRB BBI IIN NNE EES SS
N NNU UUM MME EER RRI IIC CCA AAL LL P PPR RRO OOB BBL LLE EEM MMS SS
Example -1
In an axial turbine stage, the absolute velocity entering and
leaving the stage are in the axial direction. The degree of
reaction is 0.55 and nozzle angle is 22. Calculate the flow
coefficient, loading coefficient and relative flow angles.
Example - 2
Following data refer to a two-stage velocity compounded
impulse turbine operating on hot air :
Flow rate =1.0 kg/s
Mean blade diameter =75 cm
Rotational speed =3600 rpm
Nozzle blade angle =80 from axial direction
Deviation =5
Assuming optimum utilization factor and constant axial
velocity, calculate
1. blade to gas speed ratio
2. utilization factor
3. rotor blade air angles at entry and exit in the two stages
4. flow coefficient
5. the loading coefficients in the two stages
6. power developed separately in the two stages
Given :
m =1 kg/s; d
m
=75 cm; N =3600 rpm;
o
2

=80; =5
'
2 2
'
2 2
2
2 2
max 2
5
5 80 5 75
1) blade to gas speed ratio
1 1
sin (sin75) 0.241
4 4
2) Utilization factor
sin sin 75 0.933 (Ans.)
opt




= =
= = =
= = =
= = =
Solution
2
2
m
2
2
x 2 2
2 2
3
3
3
3) Stage-1
3
tan
d 0.75 3600
; u = =
60 60
141.4 m/s
141.4
c 586.6 m/s
0.241 0.241
c cos 586.6 cos75 151.82 m/s
3 141.4
tan 70.31
151.82
3
Similarly tan
y
x x
opt
m
y
x
c u
u
c c
N u
c
u
u
c
c u
c

= =

=
=
= = =
= = =

= =
+
= =
3
3 141.4
151.82
70.31
x
u
c

=
=
'
2 '
2
'
2
'
2
'
2
'
2
'
' 3
3
'
3
'
3
S i mi l arl y tan
141.4
tan
151.82
42.96
141.4
and tan
151.82
42.96
y
x
x
x
c u
c
u
c
u
c

=
= =
=
= =
=
x
stage-I 2 3
1
2 2 2
stage-2
2
2 2
. .
2
stage-I 2 3
stage-I
4) Flow coefficient
c 151.82
= = 1.07 (Ans.)
u 141.4
5) Blade loading coefficient
w ( )
(4 2 )
= 6
u
w
(2 0)
and 2
u
6) Power ( ) = m(6 )
P 1
y y
y y
u c c
u u u
u u
u u
u
m u c c u

=
+
+
= = =

= = =
= +
=
2
.
2 2
stage-II
.0 6.0 141.4 119.96 kW
P (2 ) = 1.0 2 141.4 39.99 kW m u
=
= =
Example-3
A lowpressureturbinewithinaturbojet engineconsistsof five
repeating stages. The turbine inlet stagnation temperature is
1200K andtheinlet stagnationpressureis213kPa. It operates
with a mass flow of 15 kg/s and generates 6.64 MW of
mechanical power. The stator in each turbine stage turns the
flow15at stator inlet to70at stator outlet. Theturbinemean
radiusis0.46mandtherotational shaft speedis5600rpm.
Calculate the turbine stage loading coefficient and flow
coefficient. Hence show that the reaction is 0.5 and sketch
the velocity triangles for one complete stage.
(take=1.333, R=287.2J /kgK andc
p
=1150J /kgK)
Example-4
The high pressure stage of an axial turbine has the following
data :
Degree of reaction =50%
Exit air angle of the fixed blade ring =70
Mean diameter of the stage =1 m
Rotational speed =3000 rpm
Power developed =5 MW
Assuming maximum utilization factor determine :
A. Blade to gas speed ratio
B. Utilization factor
C. Flow coefficient
D. Inlet and exit air angles for the rotor
E. Mass flow rate of gas
solution
Given :
R =50%; o
2
=70; d
m
=1 m;
N =3000 rpm; Power =5 MW
1. Blade to gas speed ratio
o
opt
=sino
2
=sin70 =0.9397
2. Utilization factor
2 2
2
max
2 2
2
2sin 2 sin 70
0.937
1 sin 1 sin 70

= = =
+ +
x
m
opt 2
2
2
x 2 2
c
3) Flow coefficient = .
u
d 1 3000
=
60 60
157.1 m/s
157.1
167.2 m/s
0.9397
c cos (167.2 cos70) 57.19 m/s
57.19
0.364
157.1
opt
x
N
u
u
u u
c
c
c
c
c
u

=
=
= =
= =
= = =
= = =

2
2
2
3 2
3
3
.
2 3
.
2
tan 57.19 tan70 157.1
4) tan
57.19
0 (Ans.)
Degree of reaction
1 1
R = (tan tan )
2 2 2
57.19
0 (tan tan70)
2 157.1
70 (Ans.)
5) Power =5MW =m ( )
157.1 [( tan ( tan
x
x
x
y y
x x
c u
c
c
u
u c c
m c c

= =
=
= +
=

=
+
+
6
3
.
6
.
)] 5 10
157.1 [(57.19 tan70) (57.19 tan70 157.1)] 5 10
202.52 kg/s
u
m
m
=
+ =
=
u
C
2
=w
3
C
x2
w
2
u

2
C
x3
w
3
C
3

3
u