Published by Maney Publishing (c) British Bryological Society

Bryological Notes

Re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of ll.Hal.) Calyptothecium hamatum (Mu M.Fleisch. (Pterobryaceae, Bryophyta)
Yu Ning-Ning, Jia Yu
State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Calyptothecium hamatum (Mu ll.Hal.) M.Fleisch. was described by Mu ller (1869) as Pilotrichum hamatum, and it was transferred to Calyptothecium by Fleischer in 1905. Its taxonomic status has been controversial.
Correspondence to: Yu Jia, State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. Email: yjia@ibcas.ac.cn

Fleischer (1907) reduced it to synonymy with C. wightii (Mitt.) M.Fleisch. while Noguchi (1965) considered it to be separable from C. wightii by its imbricate leaves and shorter costae, which was followed by Crosby et al. (2000) and Gangulee (1976). It is necessary to check the type specimen to clarify its taxonomic status.

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Bryological notes

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Figure 1 AD. Calyptothecium wightii (Mitt.) M. Fleisch. A and E. secondary stem; B and F. stem leaves; CD, GH. branch leaves. Scale bar53 mm (A and E), bar5600 mm (BD, FH) (AD from syntypes of C. wightii-NY, EH from isotype of C. hamatum; H).

The systematic position of Calyptothecium wightii has been misunderstood and it was treated as an accepted species with other synonyms. The species has short secondary stems with very loose branches densely covered with leaves. Its lateral branch leaves are folded longitudinally in the middle with single costa extending to OL of the leaf length. The stem leaves are always more concave than the branch leaves. In our recent revision of the genus Calyptothecium, we examined the type material of C. hamatum. The leaf costae as shown in the type are variable in length, from K to L of the leaf length, which is similar to those of C. wightii; furthermore the branch leaves do not appear to be imbricate. Therefore, the distinction between these two species as described by Noguchi (1965) cannot be upheld. In the authors opinion, Calyptothecium hamatum should not be regarded as a distinct species as currently recognized by Crosby et al. (2000), Gangulee (1976) and Noguchi (1965). It is considered here, in agreement with Fleischer (1907), to be conspecic with C. wightii. (Figure 1)

Calyptothecium wightii (Mitt.) M.Fleisch., Hedwigia 45: 62. 1905; ;Meteorium wightii Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., Suppl. 1: 85. 1859; ;Pilotrichum wightii (Mitt.) Hampe, Linnea 38: 219. 1874; ;Endotrichum wightii (Mitt.) A.Jaeger, Ber. Tha igk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 187576: 233. 1877; ;Garovaglia wightii (Mitt.) Paris, Index Bryol. 510. 1896; ;Pterobryopsis wightii (Mitt.) Broth., Nat. Panzenfam. I(3): 803. 1906. Type: Burma. Rangoon, Herb. Wight, Wallich s.n. (Syntype: NY!). 5Calyptothecium hamatum (Mu ll.Hal.) M.Fleisch., Hedwigia 45: 62. 1905. ;Pilotrichum hamatum Mu ll.Hal., Linnaea 36: 26. 1869; ;Endotrichum hamatum (Mu ll.Hal.) A.Jaeger, Ber. Tha tigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 187576: 232 , Sp. Musc. 2. 1877; ;Garovaglia hamata (Mu ll.Hal.) Paris, Index Bryol. 509. 1896; ;Pterobryopsis hamata (Mu ll.Hal.) Broth. ex Paris, Coll. Nom. Broth. 26. 1909. Type: Ceylon. 1896. Nietner s. n. ex Herb. Mu ller Hal. (Type: H! & NY!). syn. nov. 5Calyptothecium nematosum (Mu ll.Hal.) M.Fleisch., Hedwigia 45: 62. 1905; ;Meteorium nematosum

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Figure 2 Calyptothecium wightii (Mitt.) M.Fleisch. A. habit; B. branch; C. cross-section of stem; DE. stem leaves; FK. branch leaves; L. apical leaf cells; M. median marginal leaf cells; N. basal marginal leaf cells; O. gemmae. Scale bar: 1 for A, 2 for B, 3 for LN, 4 for DK, 5 for O, 6 for C (all drawn from syntypes of Calyptothecium wightii; NY).

Mu ll.Hal., Flora 61: 84. 1878; ;Endotrichum nematosum (Mu ll.Hal.) A.Jaeger, Ber. Tha igk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1877-78: 462. 1880; ;Garovaglia nematosa (Mu ll.Hal.) Paris, Index Bryol. 509. 1896; ;Pterobryopsis nematosa (Mu ll.Hal.) Broth. ex Paris, Coll. Nom. Broth. 26. 1909. Type: Burma. Pegu, Mide Forest, ex Herb. Hampe (Neotype: BM).

5Calyptothecium patulum (Broth.) M.Fleisch., Musci Buitenzorg 3: 860. 1908. ;Pterobryon patulum Broth., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 1: 325. 1899; ;Pterobryopsis patula (Broth.) Broth., Nat. Panzenfam. I(3): 803. 1906. Type: India. Coorg, Murnad, at base of large trees in open forest, Dec 1897, T. L. Walker 88 (Holotype: HBR; Isotype: S-PA, CAL).

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vers. Fo 5Calyptothecium formosanum Broth., O rh. Finska Vetensk.-Soc. 62A (9): 23. 1921. Type: China. Taiwan, Raiska. On rocks. 20 July 1978. Matsuda 1257 (Type: H!). 5Calyptothecium dixonii Gangulee, Mosses E. India 5: 1371. 1976. Type: India. Assam, on rubber tree, Charduar. 24 Nov. 1934. Bor 207 (Type: BM). 5Calyptothecium subacuminatum (Broth. & Paris) Broth., Nat. Panzenfam. ed. 2, 11: 184. 1925; ;Pterobryopsis subacuminata Broth. & Paris, Rev. Bryol. 34: 45. 1907. Type: Laos. Chan Cahn. s. leg. s. n. (Type: S!). Description: Mu ller (1869), Gangulee (1976), Noguchi (1987), Jia (2011), Jia & He (2011). Specimens examined: China: Yunnan: In pluviisilva tropica infra vicum Yaotou inter Mo ngdse et Manhao, Heinr. Frh. v. Handel-Mazzetti 1038 (S); Menghai Co., Yu Jia 01357, 01325, 01544, 01342, 01513 (PE); Mengla Co., Xing-Jiang Li 2334 (KUN), A. Touw C115, C112 (KUN), Li Zhang 885, 893, 964, 485, 514 (PE, KUN), Peng-Cheng Wu 26408, 21730 (PE), Yu Jia 01560 (PE ); Ruili City, Xing-Jiang Li 80-852 (KUN, PE); Xinping Co., Zhi-Ying Wang 102 (PE). Guangxi: Jingxi Co., Shun-Shi Hu Q6(36), Q6(35), Q6(32), Q1(5) (PE); Rongshui Co., Guang-Ri Long, Can-Ming Zhang 148 (PE). Xizang: Motuo Co., MeiZhi Wang 800233-(1), 800520-8 (PE), Qiang He 2390 (PE); Dingjie Co., Kai-Yong Lang 1143 (PE). Taiwan: Raiska, Matsuda s. n. (Type-H). India: Assam, Garo Hills, J. Marten s. n. (S); Murnad Coorg, T. S. Walker 88 (Type-S). Laos: Chan Chan., s. l. s. n. (S). Burma: Rangoon, herb. Wight, Wallich s. n. (Syntype-NY). Vietnam: Annam, de Dong hoi su Fong hoi, F. Krempl 1504pp (S). Sri Lanka: bei Hiniduma, Th. Herzog s. n.

(S); Peradenia, Schffn. 12655 (S); Southern and Central Prov., Thwaites, C. M. 186 (S); Hakgalla, Jos. Bezdek s. n. (S); Palhrmatoii, Evrard s. n. (S); Nietner s. n. (Type-H). Distribution and habitats. Burma, China, India, Laos, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. Overhanging on branches or tree trunks, or on rocks. Discussion. The leaf shape of Calyptothecium hookeri (Mitt.) Broth. is similar to C. wightii. However, the costa of C. wightii (KL or the leaf length) is much longer and stronger than in C. hookeri (,K). We thank the curators of H, KUN, NY and S for specimen loans. Taxonomic Additions and Changes: Calyptothecium wightii (Mitt.) M.Fleisch. (Calyptothecium hamatum (Mu ll.Hal.) M.Fleisch syn. nov.)

References
Crosby, M.R., Magill, R.E., Allen, B. & He, S. 2000. A checklist of the mosses [vi]. St Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, p. 320. Fleischer, M. 1905. Neue familien, gattungen, und arten der laubmoose. Hedwigia, 45: 5364. Fleischer, M. 1907. Die musci der flora von Buitenzorg. 3: 859. Gangulee, H.C. 1976. Mosses of eastern India and adjacent regions. Fasc. 5 (Isobryales). Calcutta: Privately Published. pp. 1135 462, (xxviixxxv)zxvii. Jia, Y. 2011. Pterobryaceae. In: P.C. Wu & Y. Jia, eds. Flora bryophytorum Sinicorum. Vol. 5. Beijing: Science Press, pp. 234274. Jia, Y. & S. He. 2011. Pterobryaceae. In: P.C. Wu, M.R. Crosby & S. He, eds. Moss flora of China. Vol. 5. Beijing: Science Press & St Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, pp. 215257. Mu ller, H. 1869. De muscorum Ceylonensium collectione. Linnaea, 36: 26. Noguchi, A. 1965. On some species of the moss genus Calyptothecium. Botanical Magazine, (Tokyo), 78: 6367. Noguchi, A. 1987. Taxonomic notes on Calyptothecium wightii (Pterobryaceae). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 45: 5058.

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