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Fabric Strength:
• Fabric tensile strength
• Fabric seam strength
• Fabric bursting strength
• Fabric tear strength
• Fabric stretch and recovery
clamps
300mm
300mm
Warp
Fixed jaw
Strip tester
75mm
broken in 20±3s.
In this test, there is a certain amount of assistance from yarns adjacent to the
central stressed area so that the strength measured is higher than for a 25mm frayed
strip test.
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Abu Bakkar Marwat (05-NTU-05) Physical Measurements on Fabrics 6th semester
200
2.3.1- Seam strength test-BS 3320
Five warp and five weft specimens each 100mm x
350mm are used. Each sample is folded 100mm from Without seam
one end and a seam is sewed 20 mm from the fold
Force N
line (using a special sewing thread and sewing Measured A+6mm
100
machine settings), the folded part is then cut away force
12mm from the folded edge and leaving the seam
8mm from the cut edge. From this sample 150mm With seam
length without seam is cut (having same warp or weft
threads) and is stretched in tensile tester up to a load A
5
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Abu Bakkar Marwat (05-NTU-05) Physical Measurements on Fabrics 6th semester
Method:
Five samples each for warp and weft of 200mm x 100mm are used. Each sample is folded in a
half and a seam is machined 20mm from the fold, using the special sewing thread and a stitch rate of
5 stitches per cm. The folded edge is then cut off 12mm from the fold line. 25mm wide jaws with a
gauge length of 75mm and at a speed of 50mm/min are used. Load is increased to either 80, 120 or
175 N depending on the end use of the fabric and held at that value for 2min. The load is then
reduced to 2.5 N and held at that value for 2min. The width of the seam opening at its widest place
is then measured to the nearest 0.5 mm. The mean value for the war-wise and for weft-wise
specimens is reported.
With this method it is not always obvious where the opening starts and finishes. It also produces
the problem of tests with no numerical results due to the seam or fabric failing or the test being
stopped before reaching the required seam opening.
2.3.3- Upholstery seam slippage: (BS 2543)
Five samples each for warp and weft of 200mm x 100mm are used.
Each sample is folded in a half and a seam is machined 20mm from the
fold, using the special sewing thread and a stitch rate of 5 stitches per cm. 25 mm
The folded edge is then cut off 12mm from the fold line. 25mm wide jaws
with a gauge length of 75mm and at a speed of 50mm/min are used. Load gap
the specimen in the jaws so that only the centre of the specimen is
clamped as shown. Increase the load to 175N and hold at that for 2 min. 100mm
reduce the load to 2.5N and hold for a further 2 min. measure the width of
the seam opening at its widest place to the nearest 0.5 mm. give the mean
value for warp and weft wise specimens.
Upholstery seam slippage
3- Fabric Tear strength:
3.1- Introduction:
A fabric tears when it is snagged by a sharp object and the immediate small puncture is
converted into a long rip. It is probably the most common type of strength failure of fabrics in use. It
is particularly important in industrial fabrics that are exposed to rough handling in use such as tents,
sacks and parachutes. Out door clothing, overalls and uniforms are types of clothing where tearing
strength is of importance.
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Abu Bakkar Marwat (05-NTU-05) Physical Measurements on Fabrics 6th semester
Standing at rest is taken as the zero value for the purpose of calculating these increases.
A stretched fabric is expected to recover to within 3% of its original dimensions.
5.1.1-Lot Sample:
A fabric roll at random is selected from the whole consignment, called lot sample.
5.1.2-Laboratory sample:
Cut one meter laboratory sample after discarding first 1-2 meter fabric.
5.1.3-Test specimen:
Cut six test specimens (3 pairs) 64x560mm along the width of fabric so that there is no
repetition of lengthwise yarns.
Each piece is then frayed to 50 mm.
So specimen dimensions = 50 x 560 mm, with one edge folded 32 mm and stitched at 25mm
from the folded line and having 2 lines at centre 500mm apart (A = 500mm). A 10mm slit is
made at the centre of folded line.
5.1.4-Conditioning:
Condition the sample in standard conditions: 65±4% RH, 20±2°C
5.1.5-Procedure:
1. Clamp one end of the specimen in the top clamp of the stretch tester such that folded sewn
loop hang freely.
2. Insert dowel pin through the loop and hang a weight of 4 lb for 5s and then remove. Repeat
this for 3 times.
3. At the 4th stretch, the load is held for 10s and distance between the lines is measured to
nearest 1mm. this length is ‘B’.
4. Then remove the weight and bottom clamp to relax the fabric. After 30±1s, measure the
distance between two lines. This length is ‘C’. (or C30s. similarly growth for 30min-C30min
and 1 hr-C1hr is calculated)
5. All the procedure is repeated for other 2 specimens.
6. Calculate for each specimen the percentage fabric stretch and the percentage immediate
fabric growth by the formulas:
B−A
Fabric stretch % = × 100 ____ (1)
500mm
A
C−A
Fabric growth % = × 100 ____ (2)
A
Where
64x56 50x560 4 lb/1.8Kg
A = original distance-500mm 0
B = distance between lines when specimen is under 4-lb load
C = distance between the lines measured after release of the load as directed in ‘4’.
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Abu Bakkar Marwat (05-NTU-05) Physical Measurements on Fabrics 6th semester
Stretch % Stretch %
Course ways Wales ways
Loose fitting (comfort stretch) 30 15
Form fitting (semi-support) 60 35
5.2.1-Laboratory sample:
2 m length in lengthwise is taken after removing first 1m length.
5.2.2-Test specimen:
From each laboratory sample, 5 wale-wise (length wise) and 5 course wise (widthwise) test
specimens 125±3 x 500±10 mm are taken. These specimens are cut from the laboratory
sample by starting 25mm from the edge.
Fold each specimen in half lengthwise forming a loop and sew the edges opposite the fold
together 6-13mm from the cut edges.
Two lines are drawn 125±3 mm apart on the central section of one face of the looped
specimen. This length is taken as ‘A’.
5.2.3-Conditioning:
These specimens are then conditioned under standard conditions at 65±4 %RH and 20±2°C.
5.2.4-Procedure:
1. The specimen is mounted on the tester such that sewn end is on the upper hanger.
2. Extend the specimen loop to the amount specified in Table. E.g., for loose fitting course
wise, 30% of ‘A’ stretch is given i.e. 162.5 mm
3. Allow the loop to remain in the extended position for 2h.
4. After this the specimen is relaxed and growth is measured after 60s (B) and 1h (C).
5. In the same way 3 specimens for each the wale and course directions are tested.
5.2.5-Fabric Stretch:
Fabric stretch can be measured at a fixed load.
1. Place a new specimen in the stretch testing equipment.
2. The specimen is four times stretched between 0-5 (0N-22.2N) lbf for loose fitting and 0-10
lbf (0N-44.5N) for form fitting.
3. Continue a 5th cycle by holding the specimen at their specific load for 10s then measure the
distance between the lines. This is ‘D’
4. In the same way two specimens are tested each for wales and course wise.
C−A
500±10
A
D− A
Fabric Stretch % = × 100
A
Where
A- original length between the lines, i.e. 125±3 mm
B- distance between the lines after removing the load and relaxing for 60s
C- distance between the lines after removing the load and relaxing for 1 h
D- distance between the lines when the specimen is under tension
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