Chemical Engineering Department

EXPERIMENT NO.

AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION

PRACTICAL:1
AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION

Chemical Engineering Department

AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION
AIM:To verify the eq ili!ri m relation"hip for n#! tanol $ater "y"tem% APPARATUS:Di"tillation fla"&' con(en"er' thermometer' mea" ring cylin(er' "pecific gravity !ottle' !ea&er"' r !!er cor&' $ire ga ge' tripo( "tan(' "tan(' ! rner etc% MATERIALS:Different compo"ition" of n#! tanol' $ater mi)t re *+, mole - . /, mole-0 THEORY:The relative volatility i" in(icate( !y 1% The larger the val e of volatility*10' a!o t the nity*20' the greater the (egree of "epera!ility% The mi)t re $ho"e total pre"" re i" greater than that comp te( for i(eality i" "ai( to "ho$ po"itive (eviation from ro lt3" la$% 4hen the po"itive (eviation from i(eality are " fficiently large . the vapo r pre"" re of the t$o component aren3t too far apart5 " ch a mi)t re "ai( to form an a6eotrop or con"tant !oiling mi)t re% Sol tion" li&e thi" can3t !e completely "eparate( !y or(inary (i"tillation metho( at thi" pre"" re' "ince an a6eotrop compo"ition% 78 9 : An( 1 9 2% A6eotropic (i"tillation i" the "pecial ca"e of m lti#component "e for "eparation of% ;i!ary mi)t re' $hich are either (iffic lt or impo""i!le to "eparate !y or(inary fractionation% If the relative volatility of !inary mi) i" very lo$' the contin o " rectification of the mi) to give nearly p re pro( ct" $ill req ire high refl ) ration . corre"pon(ingly high heat req irement a" $ell a" to$er" of large cro"" "ectional . no% of tray"% In other ca"e" the formation of !inary a6eotrop may ma&e impo""i!le to pro( ce nearly p re pro( ct !y or(inary fractionation% <n(er thi" circ m"tance"' a = r( component' "ome time calle( an >entrainer3 may !e a((e( to the !inary mi)t re to form a ne$ !oiling a6eotrop $ith one of the original con"tit te' $ho"e volatility i" " ch that it can ea"ily !e "eparate( from the original con"tit te% The a6eotropic (i"tillation have "ome (ra$ !ac&"' other$i"e the re" lting proce"" i" le"" co"tly than conventional (i"tillation% The (ra$ !ac&" of the a6eotropic (i"tillation are a" n(er5 2
AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION

Chemical Engineering Department

The >entrainer3 can never !e completely remove(% It a((" an ne)pecte( imp rity to the pro( ct"% There are inevita!le lo"e"% >Entrainer3 recovery co"t can !e large . ne$ pro!lem" in choice of material" of con"tr ction are intro( ce(% The temperat re at $hich a6eatrope !oil" i" &no$n a" a6eatropic temp% $hen a6eotripic !oiling temperat re i" greater than tho"e of p re component"% The "y"tem i" &no$n a" mami) m !oiling a6eatrop% 4hen the "y"tem i" &no$n a" minim m !oiling a6eotrop i" le"" than tho"e of p re component a6eotrop !oiling temperat re% PROCEDURE:Arrange the (i"tillation a""em!ly a" "ho$n in fig re% Intro( ce a!o t 2,, ml% of given mole - */,-0 n#! tanol $ater mi)t re% Start the con(en"er cooling $ater flo$#rate% Then "tart to heat the mi)t re of (i"tillation fla"& $ith ! rner% ?eat gently the mi) contin e the (i"tillation for a!o t half an ho r till the con(en"e vapo r "ample of a!o t @, ml% collecte( in mea" ring cylin(er% Recor( the (i"tillation temperat re ( ring the operation% Aea" re the total vol me of con(en"ate collecte( a" $ell a" of each component% Bin( o t the (en"ity of mi)t re $ith the help of "pecific gravity !ottle% Arrange the (i"tillation a""em!ly . repeat the proce( re for other given mole- *+,-0 n#! tanol#$ater mi)t re% Compari"on of graphical point" an( theoretical point"5 T?EORITICAL D Initial Temp5#EEEEEEEE D Initial compo"ition n#! tanol 9 /,- n#! tanol . F,- $ater D Binal compo"ition5 9EEEEEEEEE$ater . 9EEEEEEEEEn#! tanol CRAP?ICAL D Initial Temp5#EEEEEEE D Initial compo"ition 9 G,- $ater . +,- n#! tanol D Binal compo"ition5 9EEEEEEEEEml $ater . 9EEEEEEEEEml n# ! tanol

AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION

Chemical Engineering Department

OBSERVATION:20 4eight of "pecific gravity !ottle 9 EEEEEEEEEgm% G0 4eight of $ater H "pecific gravity !ottle 9 EEEEEEEEgm% =0 4eight of /,- n#! tanol mi)t re 9 EEEEEEEEgm% F0 4eight of con(en"ate H Specific gravity !ottle 9 EEEEEEEEEgm% @0 Den"ity of con(en"ate of mi)t re 9 Aa"" of con(en"ate at "ame vol% Aa"" of $ater at "ame vol me% /0 Den"ity of n#! tanol 9 EEEEEEEEEE OBSERVATION TABLE:Sr No% Compo"itio Di"tillation temp% n of 2,, ml% of mi)% mi)t re Initial Binal of Total vol me compo"ition con(en"ate% of of

CALCULATION:20 Den"ity of n#! tanol 9 ma"" of "pecific gravity !ottle $ith n#! tanol ma"" of "pecific gravity !ottle $ith $ater at "ame vol me%

G0

Den"ity of con(en"ate 9 Aa"" of "pecific !ottle $ith con(en"ate% Aa"" of "pecific gravity !ottle $ith $ater at "ome vol%

AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION

Chemical Engineering Department

GRAPH:9 :#a)i" 5# Aole fraction of $ater 9 7#a)i" 5# Temp% in oC%

AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION