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Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University South La Union campus Institute of Community Health and Allied Medical

Sciences Agoo, La Union


Identification: ! """""""""" #$ranch of medicine that deals %ith the study, detection, treatment and management of cancer and neoplasia &! """""""#A disease process that 'egins %hen an a'normal cell is transformed 'y the genetic mutation of cellular D(A )! """"""""""""# process of transforming normal cells into malignant cells *! """""""""""# an alteration in si+e, shape and organi+ation of differentiated cells! Cells lose regularity and sho% varia'lity in si+e and shape, usually in response to an irritant! Cells may revert to normal %hen the irritant is removed 'y may transform into a neoplasia ,! """"""""# specific segments of cellular D(A that %hen inappropriately activated, contri'ute to the transformation of normal cells into malignant cells -! """""""""# process of determining the si+e and spread, or metastasis of the tumor .! """""""""# is the dissemination or spread of malignant cells from the primary tumor to distant sites 'y direct spread of tumor cells to 'ody cavities or through lymphatic and 'lood circulation! /! """"""""""""""""""# most common assessment findings in a client %ith colon cancer 0! """""""""""""""""# normal color of stoma 1! """"""""""""# Leading cause of CA(C23 D2A4HS for 'oth male and female categories 53oot %ords6 """""""""# ne% """""""""# gro%th """""""""""""# su'stance """""""""""# si+e 7ma# """""""""""""" """"""""""""# change """"""""""# 'ad, deranged """"""""""""" 9usually gives rise to Connective tissues: Males: ) most common types of cancer are """"""""""""", lung and 'ronchial,"""""""""" ;emales: ) most common types of cancer are """"""", lung and 'ronchial, and """"""""" 2tiology of cancer ! 8H<SICAL A=2(4S &! """""""""""""""" )! """"""""""""""""""" *! """"""""""""""""""" ,! """""""""""""""""""" -""""""""""""""""""""" .! """"""""""""""""""" Comparison of 'enign and malignant tumor $enign Malignant Differentiati >ell """""""""""""" on =ro%th Slo% """""""""""""" Capsule """""""""""""" Unencapsulated Invasivenes Locally """""""""""""""" s and invasive 'ut metastasis doesn?t metastasi+e 8rognosis =ood """"""""""""" =2(23AL M2DICAL MA(A=2M2(4 !Surgery""""","""""""""""""""",""""""" "" &! """"""""""""""""" )! """""""""""""""" *! Immunotherapy ,! """""""""""""""" Cancer Staging ! Uses the 4#(#M staging system 4# """""""" (# """""""""" M# """"""""""""" Classes of Chemotherapy Drugs ! """""""""""""""""""" ! Action: create defects in tumor D(A &! 2@amples: (itrogen Mustard, Cisplatin &! """"""""""""""""" ! Action: similar to meta'olites needed for vital cell processes Counterfeit meta'olites interfere %ith cell division &! 2@amples: Methotre@ateA , fluorouracil

4umor ! &!

is named according to: 8arenchyma Hepatoma# """"""""""""" """"""""""""""# 'one """""""""""""""# muscle ! 2m'ryonic origin """""""""""" 9 usually gives rise to epithelium: 2ndoderm 9usually gives rise to """"""""""":

)! 4o@ic 2ffects: nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea, alopecia, leuBopenia )! """"""""""""""""" ! Action: interfere %ith D(A &! 2@amples: Actinomycin D, $leomycin )! 4o@ic 2ffect: damage to cardiac muscle *! """""""""""""""""""" ! Action: 8revent cell division

&! 2@amples: Cincristine, Cin'lastine )! 4o@ic 2ffects: affects neurotransmission, alopecia, 'one marro% depression ,! """""""""""""""""""" ! Action: large amounts of hormones upset the 'alance and alter the uptaBe of other hormones necessary for cell division &! 2@ample: estrogen, progestin, androgen

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