"

THE
,

F A

the

ConflrtSimand "Oftof the fiUowing

Tables k^otPtt
tg e^/ery body^theyfhouldcome
withont any IntrodnBoryD^k
ffirth into the World
toHrfej bnt as the Cafe ftands, and that Knowledge
is the /barebut cffem^ it, may be proper to addfonte^
iphai is here prefeas: And
ted
thingHpon both th^fe'Heads

WERE

is Gathered

frontthe mofi (^ekkraud Abhors

that

our
Improved thofeSubjectantongfl
[fives viz.
Mr. Briggs, Dr. Wallis
and Mr, Hall^y, the Three
Frofeffors
of Geom^y in the Savilian Chair at Ox-*
ford r To lead the Reader
on from the begpining^
w^
Algebra,
give him the ii^th QhapterofDr* WaUis'i
v^hich treats of the Originalof Logaricbois,
and giver
th^ fro^tfs.To this is fnbjoynd
a full Htfiory.of
Mr. HalleyV
Compendious Method of makjng Logti^
tithms^'Ofbifb
yabj^a^^fyfi^m the natnre of
procfeds
Numbers
tPitboutanyregardto the Hyperbola j frimt
iphich is damped
for ^ra^ice the making of th^
and
ff^ith' the fnrihen'
matural
Jir. BriggsV
Com*
ffofeciftioif
of the fanfe SnbjeSij generonjly
Abr"
tnunieat^ by the ingeniousandtmmearied
Mr.
iharpyvith his Table of LogapicHiqsto above ffi^

ha^e

Bgnrej

E F A C E.

P R

The

the HyferboUck^
Logarithm
cf to t"
figures
j as alfo
Then follows
to 6^.
^o^andits Reciprocaly
bythe fame
and Se"
of the Sines Tangents
Hand^the ConfimBion
with the whole Frocefs
cants
;
of the Qnadratwreof
the Circle to yi Figures
Which Quadrature
in^
was
:
and here denionjlratedy
vented^
bythe above-mentioned
^

Mr,

Halley.

ofthe Performance
;
venture
to jay ( fpithout
as to the Tables^
we
may
here a more compleat
Set vf
Partiality
) that we offer
them than can be foundin any other Boo\now Extant
and donbt not^ but upon careful
Perufal,
theywill be
and CorreS. The Method we obferved
foundas Zffefui
the Logarithms
is according
in Printing
to that Excel*
lent Abbreviation^Z"r,John Newton
i" his Trigo-'
nometria BrittaAnica ^ to which is added^
the Differ'^
and the proportional
between each Logarithm,
cnce
Column of the famePage by which
Parts in the lafk
the Logarithmof anyHumber ( " contra)under
turningto
found^without
10,000,000
may be readilj
any otherPage,
the Tables of natural Sines,
\ The manner
ofplacing
Secants,"i"^/tibe/rLogarithmsis ab^
Tangents"!""/
New, and very Advantagiousfor to each
folutely
Tables are placedthe difference
Logarithmin thofe
which are common
to the Column of Logarithms
on
bothfides By which the Seconds may be eafily
foundm
And forthat end,between them and the Table of Lo// placeda
fmallTable to convert Sexa"*
garitnms,
and contrarily.
into Decimals^
gefimals
To

to

come

the principal
Part

-,

The

The

PRE

FAG

R'
The next and chief
in tbt Tahfes,
thing
confiderahle
will ^we a particu".
ti theirCwreUnefs
j and here we
Jar Account of the Meafures
we
took^
to^Mai$ them f(f^
examined fromi
it was
'4is
forthe Table cfLogarithms,
and from poooo
ii to 300c6
to loiooo
by Mr,
Arith. Lxy^uFruaed^ London i62^yand
Briggs*/
from I to lOOyboo byAdriajiVliccj^sTableyPrmt
at^
well as.
fhew our Care herein^as,
hereplace
a Table oftheErrors^
forFublickjiervice^we
Condae

itflS.And

to

our own) in MrSnggssand

Corre^ing
fonnd(when
Caffons i.andbecaHfe
Vucq*sabove-mentioned
VlacqV
9Wit Errata Table isfmndinfew
ofhis BookfQnfomucb

ipe

thai Dr, Newcoh^j

above"mentionedCanon ii Printed,
_

Wftb all bis Errors )

9) to give it here with

it neceffa'
we
thought
therefore
Additions. Where Note^
our
that fuchof his Erroks as we how foundare marked
with (b); antf
Vfith (2i)^nd
a jingle
one in Mr,Bip^'gss
and Vlac"|
tbofewhich are Common to Mr, Brjijggs
aire marked with (B.)
[mm,
809

59571

68675 I 997*
145^1 1 9973

2.98587
5 X30^4
B

4^9*5

17454

20444

8^43

13S9

"45^

%x67
MM
V34
"f4^

389070 10859
389376 11003
B

00829 11332

39403

3.93227
42620

05413

97176

1440

m
.

89113

90604

21^98 16461
18190 17509 IB

11490

17780

93W
97775

1900^
19107

96402

19113

98331

19195

J 1 130
2083*
"5^f8 ^4862
^0145 28413

11469

4.05952

11920
11955

407^*7

05739

3."/525512328

55x05

34049
3"95293

J-ogar.

17^int".
013531

17090

45090

74222

483751a

51149

49502 1a
497171a

134*7

4-*497^ 49880
17^66 5^359
5775^
91707

17773

B3.84242 10847

2817^

I3"
13^4

B
B

hoo58

10292

ttm,

3-97^89 15305
02870 15843

6
5.79635 1IC061
95904 110095

9545e;

J62S

I 970^

19453

V7634*

X*3|

A
9482

850181

^7046

".77W5

Lo"ar. \2i"m

o
B .99"7C

169

4-9955"Jl
27458
49148
54448

32785

4-7^159
69385

a
a

4-79*38
165981

4.82450J

25036

60400
^1999
52090
4"3i873 65160

88598
81165

60621

5^7 J 9

4.45^66

67050

4.52S91 73^55

33800

I075^r
4.815

4.8671

51I71 74832 a
7352
78047 787CO
95805 38780
473*41
25257 39844 .a 4.6CQ35 80112
93451
16320 39^45 a 4-^0037 95^66 54.98075
a
4*60850
159251
18133 40598
44807 97828 a 4.9904
8QI36 4ioi9"a
343"|8 99090 B
9818
^93^5 41490 i
S959
'45198 41505 a
99910
02379
35560

71070
3795*

.394*5
4T99
7KA79

1*398
13274

2.95917 14Q"
73656
3.9744^

145*7

H763
r9768o|l4786

07019

44656

"78lPI Ioroo8

47422

Tie

ttet^REFACE;
the Tables
tants

of

H^wdi Sines,Tangentsdhi'^t-

examined

srere

Shboten,

iy theft
df Van

Frin."

t6ij Qghkh are faid to he with*wit

one
Fauk) and Sir Jonas MoOr*s new Syfiem--,the
Tables ofLogarithtnic\SmeSy
Tangents and Secants
examined
vpere
by a Table "f the faid Vkcqs, irt
16^6^ is ilfo^
largeO"avOy FrinVed at Gouds
the faid Syfiem,And
all theft Examination^
in
there w"e
never
fefsthan Two to hark^n^whilftOne
ted

Amftendam

at

read

the

over

Frinted

Sheet

to

be Corre^ed*

The

Table

of VerfedSines was Frinted from^andexamit^A

by the Syfiemabove-mentioned^theybeingto be found
where elfe
that I fyow if.
no
The

Radius

Tr

avers

T^k

than riny

is netfi

Bxtint^and

Care,
ffr^atefl
After the Tables foUow
Logarithms made plain to the

Calculated
was

examined

the various
meaneU

is

-4

target*

with

tbt

't/fes^

Capacity\ Ttp

addedy tbt Sobttion (f Flain

ty Logarithms,from
Trigonometry

which

and
Mr"

^herieat
6r1

Englifh Edition efbis LogarithmicalAririituetU.^

Sines from Sir Jona$ MoOi*^
and the 'Vfe"ftbeVerfed
abovcmentioned
Syfiem,
The Demonftration
of Compound Interefl,
v^fthf^m^
both of them btjifm?^
of Navigation,
were
Frrpojitions
Hallcy,and revifedby him 5 as were ntofi^
hy Mr.
Sheets of the whole Difcourfe wherein be
%be
:

pltafed

to

make

many

advantdoious

Alteratitrnt

O-: r

"

'^f

^"

tkRORS

PAGE
14(^^24
p.

41

line

24.

r.

1.

lo.

2,

140(^24,

{".43.
of the

and

ii

Log.

Natural

after

the

in

for

19.

^6'
29th

1.

Table

[of

loj
the

at

40.

r.

for

read

485^939
p.

28

TABLES.

the

485^9^5.
Loa.

in

latter

end

of

inftead

of

6^

23.

r.

of

of

i2|

end,

latfer

14

Log.

tne

line

26.

v*

for

^295

r.

1
.

Figure[o]

ii99*^3392

2d.

for

ri,

infert

p.

makethe

Difcourfes before

1199.^3302.!.

%o62i.

in

r."20922*

for

vk.

923^3

r,

92303.

0000580528751^.

the

Title

of

laft

Jiine

infert

p.

47.

Tabic

4th

the

r.

[FraSions.]

*****

|^i.""(cj

1.

2.

for

After

p.

*"

at

the

beginning

L*-iwg"jinxiiiiaj.

[and]

the

47.

r.

["c.]p.

Tables,

Page

^"*

^
39.

5.

1,

9.

Line
"

1.

lut

"o.

for.

itf.
"

the

of

\^L\j

33^391.

for

5.7342957

"-*v^'j
r.

""

L*-^

3)"^33i.

R"d

have'1

[you

i*i***j.

and.l.

17,

5.734^997*
"

^.K"

for

"

T-"

"

Kn

^"

"

^^iW'^"

""Pi'^"-"?"

"'

"

'

'

'f

HM

T
.

"

T H E I JRL
.

Invention and Ufe.

*

""

"
.

"

"
"
.

tit Xliid ChapigrTreatifeof

o/^tbat Excetlfnt

..

Algebra
i

Written h the lateReverend and Leaned Dr. Jdiii

Wallis,
SavilianAiof^ bf Geometn in theUfdverjki
^-Qx^d|

.^

Jdernhf
iirLondobf
ofthe Jbj/afSKiet/

waifirftof allInrented^ithoot any Example

of any before hlflit
that I know of) by John Neper^ Baron
in Seotlmd \ and by him firft^bliflied at
: of Mirdfifioh
in the Ye^r 1^14 : And Toon afterby himfi^
EditAurghy
ProfdObrof Geometry" firft
(with the Afflftanceof Htmj Bri^s^

Logarithms
9t L^i^m
to a

in

anoaftcrwirds^t Oxford)reduce^
Grifham^iedtt^

tietterForm^ add

perled^i

embraced
Iflifeation
watf greedily
liaro^d fifen.
The

(iindd^fcnredly)
hf

with
Mr* Briggsy
upon the firftPobllcationof itiwas lbjplealed
to coniult the Au^
itythat he preientiy
repair^ into Seotloffd^
adviie with hinf,tuid be afiKteat
to turn,in the perfeSin^'
tiiofy
Tables for it \ whiqh vras a*Wo^k cif
Cffii^and in Qilculatiiig

great LahooTt M well as ibbclleInvention^

And it was mibr^ce4and promoted abroad by BiefMn^n X/rt
Petrms CragernSf
AMm
Jfifimsi
John Kefltr^
^lyloih^
f^tacq^
the Trigono*
AflA ^t hqrne^bv Henry GeMrJtndy who perfefted
Mr.
h wtt
bjs^fofe
BrU^of^a^v((nkh
Brigp b^O) tfnt^fedT

"'m

known, and gree"^

that,in a Ihort ttme, it bsecamegenerally
cif
imbraced
in
all
dily
Farts^as
Advantage)eipe^i^
i^tnfp^kable
for ^t and fbi;peditfon
Calcalacionsu
in Ttigon/mctrknl
filly
I

Tie i7th

The

Cb^tr ifiDr*^2\Mt Algdfra:

of it is this :

FoaQdation

If to

Raoicof Goatioaal Pcoportioiia.l$

ur 9 Gepmetrical Pro^.

frpm
greflion

Supfiofc^^

2.

I.

We

8"

4*

accommodate

16.

O^f*

6^

11.

RaoJc of Exjpoaentsia

AritboRtical

an

'

"'"

"

"

o.

I.

2.

3.

4*' 5*

"cl

tf"

^
.

DiviCon
of
or
manifeft,that for e^ery Mnltiplicatba
there is ^
tbofe Terms^one bjrai^other,
anlwerabl;Addition
or Sobdudioi)of the Expai|qQCs.
;
;i
For as (lA the^erm^) VMoltiplied by "9 makes ji^ lb (ia
It is

'

"

the

if to
Exponents)

by 8, jgives
4 :

we

So if from

ib every wh^re.
'*7Vn9"r.

add 3^ it maizes 5 ) and as 32 divided

3^ there remains a^i AaA
5 weSabdad

I.

2.

4*

"

16.

I.

2t

""

4*

fygfnumi.

2+

i^"

5.

S^^sel*

$.

3^S5

64^

ix*

dieiaiiie holds, if botw^ra au^ two ci thofe Terms,, bi*

and
their
Means Proportionid
betwoea
terpoie one or more
,
Arithmetical
Meam.
Exponents, as many
8
between
and
if
As
between
2 aqd 16) we
(or
interpoie
I
4
^
is
between
Mean
that
2 imd
%
a
PrqpdrtionalV'3^9
i
4 V
^
(""r1 and 4) an Arithmetical Mean, 2^} then as 4 V ^ l"y^
omioes 32 V ^ (^ Mean Proportionalbetween
32 and 64 :) So
adding thoir Exponents 2i and 3, makes 5!,^an Ariibm^ticu
Mnn
between 5 and 6 : And fo every where.
And oniverfiJIy^
(whatsver be the Values of r. "0 f^PPP^
Aad

"

"

"
.

Tl"^Tirtf$$^l"
MMmimsj
Tmit, 41
"

And

"

"""

r.

n%

m*

r\

rK

S^
rrKr^asrS and rr^rHrrr
ff.

2#.

%i.

2#+3r=5#iand

4^"

M*

r*.

"c^

^^

^^*

"sr' ^rs
""

^^

SK

fo every where*

betweeal^

And cooAqacatly whatever Term

interpofe
w"
alio
^ thofe Cominnal Proportionals
if
betiwoea
interpofe
we
i
that
is a Propoor'*
their Exponents, a like Arithmetical Meant, as
of
Second
Means
or^
if
two
tional Mwu
(as that be the Firft

Of Ug^tnOm^.

tteir'Imtemm

MndMfi.^

Second of twt" Means

jbitboiedcal^ if that tHe Second of Five Means Prpportionaly
this thetSecond of as oiany Arithmetical Means, c^c.) Then to
with another, will
fveryr Additk"n or. SiiMoaiba of thefe one
of t^ofe.
uiWer adike Multiptkatioa
or
Diyiiion
piit,'
And' if for o^ #. 2#, sr, "c. (taking
0, 1, 2, 3:
^e=51 ) we
of
Number
"c;. then. doth this Exponentalways give us tne
it belongs
RatioQs.gr Dimeniions in the Term to wihich
or
this accordiqdytiieFlrjEb
fkfi^HWtSoMl,

of r to I9
Rationsor Proportions
To which the Name L^^
are comppuodedin r^ to .1, to wittf.
that is,"s6^dfAfmy the Number of
^latkhmm.t^ 9:^He"%s

is,how many

Now
tUs Fouidatioik /beinglaid,thetr Defign^ih t6e Loga^
rithrasjs this : Having .ieleded(as diioftoonvenient) a Rank
of Continnal PropoMiDaals,
in a Decuple Progreflion
) to wit,
.

t"

lb.

roo".

TJbeyfitherMma

IOOO0U

Tooo.

""bMt

tooooo.

loooooo.

c^r.

in AriHrn^k^U PregrtjIIwi
EzpooeBt*)
"

"

the Logarithmof any Fraftions

(And cooieanently,

leis than

"{"

fcito be a.l^egEitive
Number.) Acid the% for each, of the Num"
bets interoofra between i and lo, between
jtnd ioo| and fo
10
of the reft% (as 2, 3, 4, "Ck 1 1^ 12, 13,.^'^'.)
they fcek out (betweenio mid
i^:between i and 2, "c.) :ad Exponent (to be ex"
prefledin Decimal Parts) which is fnch a Mean Arithmetical,as
the other is a Mean Proportional.
which are Artificial
Enonents
And th^
tbOTjEsIl
Lagdrhbms^
dition
Nnmbers, fo anlwering
to the Natural Nnmoers, as tbatthe Adand SubdudJon of thefe,anfwers to the MnlUpllcation
and",
of
the
Natural Number5u
Divifion
a
this
nnide) the Work of
By
means, ( the Tables being once
aod Divifion i^ performedby Addition add Sub-*
Moltiplication
doflkioh( and conCb^uently
that of Stfiiaring
and Cubing, by Du"*
*

idatioaand Triplation
; and

tliat"ot

Extradiogthe Square and

Cubick Root, by Biiedion and Tiifection j and the like in higher

Powers*

i"i

or

We have Printed TaUes, IbrdI

Of thefeLdgatithnis
Mwftl

AddM
thole Printed Tables) b""ag acoordinglj
at
of that NatOfai mmbef
win "ve
the Lo^thm
fiobdnfted*
(to
be found by thofe 'fablM) which is the PrtfdoQ or Qjiodent el
Inch Mnltiplicadon
the doable or Treble of
or Di^ifion. And
be found

in

f
Or Gnbick

Root*, and

Or Cabe.
itsS^^dare

Ami

Logarithmof itsQpadra^
the Ifte of Hiriier Powtrs" which In largf

"^ greatferbediticHi.
And (tecanfeattiam End "ifthbOe^
tras to ftcilitiite
'Aftronomicaland other Trigonometrical
GalculatiOBs) beinlti
thofe Logarithms for Nombers
in thebr l^atoral
drder^ we hare
Nomberst is

nuttter

Alio Tabfes of Artificialor

Sinet^TMngentt,
and
Logaritbnical
Stcaifs;the AddidcMi and Sabdodion dF which,oniwers t6 13x6
and D^vilkn of the Nmmd
Situs,Ttammt, and
JMttlpIicition
S"C4aiti: Which
isa veiy Gompendioas Advaafkgp"lir
upediting
filchCalculations) and is mtt left accofate
than the Opefstioii
by Tables "tfNttiard Simtf Tm^aHh And Sntmtt*
it!atrtaitt
Thus
Triaa^ ; fyp^tiiB%
the Angles ^ven, A ^
fifo
Dtegtces,

O70
(and coalfaqotttfy,
Degrees,
arees) and die Sde
Bm
widiitgtheses
have

AB

De*

31321 facta

AC,

or

AB"wfr

thb Proportioa:

3n99
I

the Sine "lfC, '^o Degrees,

To the Sine of B, .50 D^reesi
So is the Side A B,

As

^3ptf92tf
*t66Qj\^
stji}
fmai

tb tbe Skte AC^

"

3-Si)S^f^u"

findiiffi
|r"Mr
which,we are tx^ Moldply 16604^ by "3f 3I),
Divide
tnd then
by 9i96siS i which gitesfor the Side AC (ak
^ft) ^5535 f^^^'
Andt As the Sine of Q

70

Degrees

To tht Sine of A^ tfq Degrees,

So in the Side

To
For

the

AB,

8tf"k";"54

l^il? f*''**
2"8tf7{
t^*^

Side BC

which, we
fifidlAg

9i969"t

are

to

Moktply 8^^0294 by

313234
and

wkkh

iHd Oiwideli|"
939^92^

givesfot

the Side

BQ

38857*'

and DWifiofls"
4ti"prevent theft tedideftMalt^rfkatbns

Now

1^ LQOttkka%
"

"

pfbccedthas

we

'
.

'

'

'^

log. StfieQ

Ar;
9^91^9^$'i
4-9*8842546

Degrees
Log";SiBe;B^5d""egrees
Miiitt.3132^

Log. AB"
tog.
Where

la

Cf Mam.

15 53 5^

4*49581533

4^07

*3

Co. 6.0270141

9.8842540
4.4958633
'4"407 " 3 " J

15

Sabdoftiogthe ^Firfl;Logarithm fi'om tBe Som

and Thirds givesthe Fourth } which ( the Table

Second
aafirers to the Namher
2^5535^ feri. So many
the Side A C
Again^

Log, S|n6*G,
^oDegreelf

Log* Sloe
Lo"

AB"

60

Degrees^ +

9.9375306

30^3

4^4958633

Nam*

the
Sohdofting

Second

and

titfWersto

tells as)

Paces therefore i$

'9W9729858 Ar.Co. 0.0270142

"

9*9i7i3otf

495863^
144604081
4

4"448^081

tlom. 28"tf7*

Log. BG
Where

At

ef the

firftLogarithm,from

the Sum

of thd

Third, givesthe I?ourth \ which (the Table tellsas)

the Number
iJ"iS^i
fr^ximi: So maay Paces there-

fere is the Side B"

Operationsare

mucji more
"xpedi""
and
fuch largeKumbers.
tioosythan Multiplying
Aad in like maimer^ in Spiherical
fave th.ic there All
Triangles,
tJie Logarithmfare to be taken out of the Tables of ^ines^Tasf^
; which

Dividing

jtents^ and

whlch^

in

this

Example^

thence^mrtty from the Table

nrom

pedttbn
This

Secmns

is ahke

of Numbers

cakeu
9 but

partly
^

tha Ex"*

in both.

firftPubltfhedbythe Lord

was

are

Ntfer (the firftInventor of

It) in

the Year i6t4t under the Title of Afirificns

Lo^arirhm9ruM
aiid
with
life
the Manner
its Delcription
Csman^
^ but reierving
its Demon(h^tion,tobe after Publifhcd : This
Conftro"tion,aad
beingbut an ^f^h ^^t forth^to fee the Judgment of Learned Men
coacerningthisDeiign,and how it wair like to be received.
of Katurai and Logarith*
In tlus (ve have a Canon
or Tsbte
nical Smes^ for each Degree and Minute of the Qjiadrsnc.
And
whereas it was
he
at his Ghotcc
to give to wiiat Number
pleafed the Logarithm o, and whether to proceed by way of In^

of

"

creafe
whofe
the

or

Decreale, he chofe

make

the

L^^afithmof

the

Divifion by
that fo the Multiplication
or

Sine tooooooo,
in
Sine (frequent

whole

bedilbatched
or

to

without

Sttbduction of

o"

TrigonometricalCalculatiott)
mi^ht
trouble,rcquiiiaghere but the Addition,
"

And

the lift of LeflferSines andfiombcrSi lefiitluut

Andbeomre
the Radias or whole Sine, were
fttfpeat
likelyto be of more
of
other
Numbers
and
than
U"j
TangentSt Scicants
greater
the Radias, hechofe
to giveto titoii^leflerI^ombers* Affirm
tnan
the Logarithms from o, as the
inative Logaridims ( increafing
which
And' cosftqucnfly
he
calls^^miMr^i
:
SigQS decreafe)
NegativeL"^rithms (which he callsBtfiOiva) toigreaterNiiiki-"
,

bcrS. Deligningthole by +, thclc by-r-^

And by tliis
this T2k^l^M .Sims Cwith
he aireds how
means,
alfi" for a Table of
fenre
there inserted)
the t"ifferences
may
Caaoft
and
i
(^
that
SecMtfi
So
tfaisCanon^s " CofUpAeat
Tkngtms
of Naturdl SUftSyand of LegarkbmiCMlSitus^Tm^9nt$^aiid S""a9m4
He fhews alio how thisTable may be apj^ed
to the Logartthom
of Abfolate Numbers
but
b^:aafe
foni^
with
troable,be refenres*,
the fuller account
hereof to a "irther Treatift.
In the Year 1519, the Lord iSTrpfr
beingthen dead^ thefidie

again PublUhed

was

humous

by

his Son Rahrt

Neftr \

with

fornix Pbft*

the Coidhlidioa of
Father,'concerning
.Gom-i
his
and
(after
Deiiga
Canon,
concerning
Lq^arithmical
of Lo*
mnnication
had with Mr. Briggs)of changing
the Form
he
garithms,making o to be the Logarithm of ^ (of which
before
P
ubin
his
notice
the.Premce
to
lUkdal0giay
I^
given
lilM in the Year idi? 0 and concerningfome thingsperuimug

Treatifes of his

this

Trigonometry^

to

"

"

feme

with fome Lucubrations of Mr*

ok
Briggis

the

Subjeft.

But the Lord

JNtperbeingdeadt the whole Work was devolved

(accordingto then:' jointAdvice) makiag

bn.Mr. Briggs^who
the

Logarithm of

"f.^" h
we

may

^^"

which

repute

as

be
be o, and of 10, 100, 1000, "c.
to
and wbicli'
he calls Indkesjor Charji"erifiichj

to

Numbers,
/;yre^fr

with

Fourteen

aiH
Ciphers

flexed,which

we
may repute as (b many placesof Decimal FiaoioAS, below the placeof Units^or of the Charaderiftick : Aad^
K^tween thefe he fits.the Intermediate Logarithmsfor.the lotfrmedjate Numbers*
the Logarithmof 1 being o, the Logarithm
And confequently,
of Fra"ions le(s than i, or of Numbers intermediate* becween t
lefs than o,
and o, muft be Negative Numbers, or Numbers
(which he calls Defedive Logarithms,denoted by--^(the Note
of Negacion)prefixed^

^ow thefe Derive

Logarithms may

be

two

ways

expreflcd
i

Co as
either^

that the Note of Negation Iball afiea the whole

l4"ganthm, or fo as to aSed only the Chara"eriftick,(leaving
the;rtft of the Logarithm to be underltood as Affirmative.)
As for Example,.The Fraftion I, or ( which is equivalent)
0.375.

T^i^

the Numerator
VnlBdon foppofetih

^ so be Divided

by

is

ntbms

to

Sabtradina

performedby

be

the Logsrkhm of 8, from that of 3^ ana

the Reraainder wjll be the Logarithm of
|"which win them be the NegrtiveNam-

ber,-0^5
t"

be

as

aalnteg^r ^ambo*)

thb to the Fkftf Second^ or

nul Era^oo, doth (without

Value

Lor*
Log.
^

3*
8"
1

o*477X2i3
0.9030900
--o.A2xotf84
^^^^^

9(^87*

much
thBsVf"Mr"as

Or
k

Log-

h^

10^ ioo"

Sabtrading i, ^
Integets,
( I9 2^

the Logarkhm of 375, (fiippoiini

is 2.57403i3"
And
the deprefllxiL
further
Third, or
place of Decii

akerin^the Figures)divide tbo

"x"
which
m
Logarithmsis done b^
from
the Cham"riftickt
or
place of

1000^
3, "e.

"^.^in that place,

being the Logarithms of lo, loOf Log. 3750
3.5740311
of
the
Such
Alteration,
Log^
1000^ ^r")
375
2.574(^3 tf
Value (the Figures remaining) is Log*
37;$ i.S7403ij
done by altei:iijig
the Cbarafterimck Log^
3I75 0^574^313
ftf.the Logarithm, wklioat varying Lpg, 0I375 ^^$740^1^
the other
Figures, in this manLog. 0)0375 ^"Sl-^^^S
3,

'

ner.
'

Whijch

two

tha' they feem

Forms,

diSerent,and

(bme

may

choofe the one, fbme the other ^ or in fbme Cafes tht

the other *, yet they are in Subftaocv
Ca"s
one, aAd in .fi"me

rather

Value the iame*

or

For

0.4259^

"="
^

0.57403^3

..."

liberty,whether of the two ways

every
(br what other eanivaleot thereunto) he (hall pleaieto ufe.
bi this MethoQ
Mx.Bri^s hath calculated a Table of Log8#
rithms, (Piiblilhedin the year 1624) for 20 Chiliads of AbftM
lute Numbers, ( from i to 20^000 h) and againfar 10 more
( frooi
Aad

one

is left to Jiis

Chiliad Supernumerary ( to wi|^

and Firil:Chiliad) that is 31 Chiliads iu alL
the Hundred
of the Nature an"|
Before which is prefixed,
a largeAccount
Con/hru^pnof this LogarithmicalCanon, and the Ufes thereof|
how
aAd.Dlredion
to Supply the intermediate Chiliads, wMcJf

9oyx"o,

to

100,000,

) and

x"m

"

Arithmitica Logaritbmicsm
here wanting* The whole Intituled,
The
iame
was
again Publiflied iu 1^28, by MriM
f^idc^
Mr.
(or tUci^) with a Supplemeut (as
Briggs ^ireded) of th^

ire

Chiliads befwe omittecf^that is, h^ all,"x ico Chiliads, witli

one
Sapemumeraty* But in iborter Number, extended bot tq
the Chara"teriltk;k*And
of the.Integers,
10 placesbe)9W tbsit
or
Cannon of S'm$s^ Td^t^tn^ aod
liefubjpins
aifi"a jLX"g^itbmical
Snouts^

i^Chtfiircf th.VhSaSii^j^^

The

SicMts^ ( for D^rees aid Miaotet

ay places.

6f at larf

"tfth" QuadnaC)
.-

Qmoii
proceededto Calculate a Trigonometrfcal
LogarithmicaUTttited to that foi^Abfolute Numfabrs to tte
belide th|
extending(as inthat other)to 14 places,
Logarithms^
Charaderiftick. And having before Csdculated a Table of Mn
Mr.

Briw

tioral Sinhj

and Ssvat^s,(forDegrees and Qeotefmes of

Tanffents^

^fumlb"rs
eatendiagto

f places he fitted there^

of UgarithmUM Sims and Tkitf
unto
a Canon
mr/, (becaofeth(A
of SecMts might be iparod})
and a Treadft prefixed^
concerning
with
other thingspertinent
the CoaftniAion thereof,
thereunto |
of
life
Treatile
it.
^rdier
intendinga
concerningtne
But dying before this laft was
the ireft publiOiedi
or
finifliMt*
tiettibrand
Mr. /fi9try
thb latter,
abd PublUhed thtf wholes
Supplied
widi
in the Year 163,3.
the Title of Trit^nsmetrU
Briisnicd^
To which is liib|oined
another Canon Cf LogarkhfkifMl
Smes
and
for
and
Te^th Se""
TmgMtt^ hyMriM
f^jfUflyDegrees,Minutes^
b^Hde the
conds, extending(as his former did" to. to places,
Chiliads tor LogarithludF
Chara"eriftick ', and Mr* J9ri^/s
10
Abfolute Numbers.
of. tiogarit^was hj tlife
So that the whole Dodrine
time
with convenient Oll^s or Tabl^ fitted
fufficiently
perfefted,
Of Which iVh Pettiu Cri^$u
Numbers:
thereunto, m lar^e
givesan Account in the Pre"ce to his TrignwmihidL^MtitmtkMi
Printed in the Year i6^^\ w|th his Lo^rithmical
Tablestbat
In (horter Numbers.
above mentioned,({for
And the Tables of Logarithms
100 Chi*
liads of Abfolute Numbers, and for Sines and Tangents to Pe^

Degrees )

in

the ^me Year 1633^ contraAed ioxt^

grees and Centefmes " were
and more
Manageable (but in fliorterNumbersg
a Lefler Foimi
the former not extending
befide the Ghara*
to above
7 places,
^riftick,hut tl^ latter to 10) by NathanMRaei with DiredfioiU|
|br the life of them (in Trigonometry,
Geometry, AftroQofiiy^

Navigation)by Edmund WMga$0.

In the mean
time^ Senjamin Vrfims did silfopuhUih Tables of
in the Year 1^18} and againin toe Year 1625, ia
logarithms,
|iis
alfo in the .Year i^a4"
Trig9nometri4
^ and J^lu^mesKfpierHi
Chiiias
his
In
Ijdgarkhmorim(which hp 9ppUes alio tO his JEmM*.
fhiniTabkijpublUhed in 1627-,)and QaMiui BafctuHsabout the
fimc time, or foon aftert And dfi^ims Lni^vkui Ir"ki^my ia
the Year 1^34, C^nd perhaps fome others^)
fiut all or moft of
Geography,

and

fhem, in fhort Numbers

and ^nformable to the Lord

Nefn^s

iecond ThouKhts^
firftDeCgn \ uot to that Form
which, uj|)on
he and Mr.Bri^s a^eed up"ta as moft Eiigtblei
aa4 V^hichhath

^flcebeen received m

coini^(tra^i

theirinoefAim and Vje.

0/ tSgsritktis^
.

\ ^Ace which timfe^much

0f Logarithms;

nor

was

been added
that Work
it necellary,
hath

fidfidettt
perii^^iAa,
But in^e Lo^kbois,on

any emergent

"

to the

not

haYmg

"

Dofhrine
olttainedr

occaiion,be deCral^e

Nombers than thofe Printed

with greaterfoaonels,and in larger
Ta^es do al^d t Mr. Nic^Us Merc^tor^in a finallTreitjfecalled
Printed in the Ytar i66%j ih,ews (with great
Z^m-ithmaticbmdy
of whatever length
in Noitobtfrs
JEbUUty
) how it may be effefted^
than
ea(e
with mtich rnore
ddxrabitp
heretofore,
of
Gonftrndion and life of
the
Thoiie that would ii^ee
more
Log^idun^^
may confult the forci^mentioned Authors^ elpeetally
avd the Tri"9nometriaBritamtici
frigesArithmetka L^gdrithmica^
Ailrim FUcq and Peter
of Briggsand iSettibrand
j as alib,what
,

fanre .writ npon this SubjeS.

OrugiTHs

thiftK
yet feems to be wantingto th"
Management ofthe LogmithmicdCanon For
But

one

more

cdnipteai

be

ttere

for 2V"*
aCapondf Logarithms

from
tmrdNimAersy beginning

to

100,000,

fo that the logarithm may

be had by the
bare Infoeaion of the Canon ", yet it is not
alike eafieto find the Number
agreeingto a
"n

fides being fo^nd, jtbeyare

both

Correaed

to

be

there may

by the PaartsPi^pmanMy that "6

be found ibmt Intermediate Nambcr

the

To

to

Logarithm g^ven:

there feems

ptcvent

whiqh

Note, ThdtwhUB
foms. f^ hHng i^

gl:r^{*'""^*?'
4
f*"""r^"^^""

rt;l^% J

^^

iy^.Ditttw.
-

tho*

that mny

dgree

Inconvenience^

be

ftec^"flary
an
Anti^LogarithmkkCmm
; in
down
in
i tcf
from
order,
Logarithmsbeiagplaced
to them, Ihould b*f pla*
too,ooo,tht Mttnral Nnmiers^ anf^erlflfg
ced by theoii So that by this Ganon we inightfind the NnnAer
to

Which, the

for any Legdrithm^

with the "iriieEafe that we findthe Logarithm
for any Namber
that we hare.
by the Onon
And
indeed, fuch a Canojn hath been "Jonffn"^dfor mixif
years^but neirer yet made Public):. 1 don't know whether Mri
Thomas Harriot begad that Canon, or no ; but Jilr.Walter War-^
'and fro" them put forth his Algebra^
""r had his Papers,
A.^2".
And.
and gave hopes of Pubtilhing
itfSf,
things mdre.
many
Jh the faid Canon
the i^irie
Wamer
did, not long after,fini
( if
firftbeginit ) and made it rc"(dyfor the
At leaft he did not
and
frrefe;

And

all this,I bplieve^about FiftyYears ago,, if not

this t was
told Idtelyby Dr. John Pelfi who was

h^atelyacquaintedwith
Calcuimion, I rMiember
but fce

it) aoidng

other

more.

inti-

Warner^ and had^flcfbed him in thr

alfo,that I iaw that Work
( and did

Nb.

Papers of

Mrc

tUnlgt

or

li\irner^and
tbit

ago ':'^Vhattocatiie of them afe^;

f knew not, till I heard latelyfrom Dr. P^*, that they were' in
Miller Af
the Hands of the Celebrated Dr. Ktchard Bushty^
almoft

flfiitnow

thirtyYears

Wif^

for ihariyYears, and

mihfierSchool

wry Old-; who

now

alfo

nie hopes of its coming forth in a little while^ by ttcr

nWc^
I yieldedwithout
Gare of Pr. Ptll^if at leaft {to which
^ould
fuc^ced Dr. P^ff in that Carrey if he fliould
difficulty)!
finiflftd:'BGt Dr. Ai? is
was
happen to die before th^ Work
dead, and that very Oldi he dying abdut the Iftfir1(585,th^
feditionof that Work
beingnot fp'much as begun. And I fear,

gave

'

left
finrt

loftjcfpeciaMj^
{Ht.BUsbtydying alfo) this thing be "iuitc
fherdf Js

none

that will bfe fillingto be

the Edition.

at

the

Expence of

Logarithms,altho^ they were invented cWefly

of life,
facilitate Trigonometrical
Calculations \ yet they are

As
to

to

the life of

Div^lfion.
or
there is any occafion for Multiplication
of Jnatocifm^or Owi*
Thus
in t6e Biifineft
fonnd Inter efi^Ex. Gr. At the Rate of 6 in

where-ever

'5875/

loo, for on*

95250

I
2

to

loo

lis 8z75Q

So

0096%

!o5,

is the

by

17I83715

Year.

'

or

il2745$9"
22 .5 89909 +
1

;
fO

11

and

tke

3511395

Inftead of "which continued

Years.

the
plications,
Logarithms j To
fo many

add

Matter

proc"ds

thus

by
Priveifolj

Log. of the
the Log. of i.o5,

the

times

Multi-'

as

is

"

i* this gives the Log.of Yeats ;

after that Term
23 870 J 304*of the Sum, arifing
I 4322078 -]-*and
the Abfolute Number
anfweringto this
the Number

25130^3382"
"

5"

Year
itrft

Mlilti-:

of this muft be Multipliedby 1.06^

Pr6dua
for the fecond Year ; and fo oxiy according
of Years, thattthe Sum
may
2o|o4i82i74- to the Number
of
ib
end
rifes
the
at
manjr
1120250934^'be found that

1I5181403
"

be

to

1113444^7 +

And

Year,

one

Principal is

for the

increased
Principal^

181907379

"7

the

Intereft for

the

confequentlythe

'5. 2112443310 +
.6

to

to
Principal^

plied by 1.06^
3

as

then it will be, as

i.c6, thit is to 1,4^:

For

2^182,04785
"

Log. is

294-^

U~3^943^i90~

defired.

he 15/-.17 s/ 6 Js
Let the Principal:
that is (in Decimal
Parts)
EnglijhCk)in,'
Intereft be at the Rate
tinued
Year, and to be conor 6 in the 100, for one
in that fame Proportionfor 1 2 Yearsi
is to be continually
1 5.875,^
Therefore the Number

/. and
5092287 -}- 15.8^5

1808

Sum

ExGr.

28[4297072"
il7057824-h
+
30)135489^
1

the

off Years

Multipliedby

from
1

let the

s,

whence
toi d,

1.06

twelve

times

arifes ^i. 9^362 1* that is 31 L

nearly*

"

.
,

Now

t2th

Tbe

13

of his

Cbafttr ofDr.VfdUys

Algebras

fef tho
he askM, That
whereopon
"rft little Square of the Che02^-board, he might have one
Grain
of Wheat
for
him
the
and
fo
iecond,
two
doubling
on
;
v
given
of Squares In the Qie^
continoaDy, according to the Number
intended
when
the King, who
And
Board, which
64^
to
was
a^d
Noble
much
]l;ive
a very
difpleasd^ that he had
Rewaid, was
"
That
he would
be contnted
triflinga one j Sefa decWd,
Reward

with

this

")rder'd
when

whole

Bot

how

^umber

^et,

to

that

Earth

great

doqbling
that

have

one.

So

given him

be

found

the

by

finall

to

he

Invention

this

tbe

But

King

rift

would

it felf could

the

he

Reward

the

to

of theft

Number

continually 6$ times,
in the hft place ;
comes

one

the

Sum

of aH.

(1^ by one) is the Sum

of
tioollyd"me Djr Logarithms,

the

For

aH.
and

vaft

Now

Nuniber

agreeing
t%4tf"ooooo.ooooox)oooo,and Im

mm

WHM""

we

then

one

of

double

this will be

to

o,

we

that

this, will be

than

i"m

Wheat

L***i,*A**

be

found

may
get the
time
m"u:e

the

laft Term

more

Accurately enough

purpofe. For if to the Log. of i, which is

(which is a^oioaoo)
2
Multiplied by ^4;
Abfolute

much

is, may

that

and

of

the

lb

out

Grains
fo

was

quicMy AftonifliM.
a QtiaQiity, tha^

was

fb

furnifli

not

fiic'dupon,

had

too

add

Expedl*
fonr this
the

Log.

is 1910559203;

greater
.."_*-".

"."M#

than
#

^mmmmmmfm^mtmi^mmmmmmmam

wtf

(lO
ifc,

"111

"^b^w^'^

I.

^^^^"

lyiiii"i

"fii

^^B

"-^^^^^...-

ii

"

^".

'

P'

^"M

Tranfa"m,Number
Pbilofapbkd
Moft

and
CompeiMlkms

id.;

Factle METHOD

Conftruaingthe Logarithms,
and
Exemplified

Demonftrated
"

Numbers.

the NatureoF
Without
any Regard

From
With

SpeedyMETHOD

to

the

;
Hypfrbota

for Finding theNUMBER

given.

fiom the LOGARITHM

fy

Mr.

EdftSi
Halley,?r^^

Savilian

tlmverfity
of Oxford
in London.
Society
in the

Md

of Geemetrjt
Profe/far
Feflovof the Rnyal

^t^Jm^mmam^mmmmmmm^^ia^^mim^ai^i^i^mm^lmi

efteemed ono
Ifivention of the Logarithmsis juftly
df the moll: Ufefbl Dilcoveries in the Art of Numbers^
has had an Uaiverfal Receptioa and
and acc"H*diagly
Appiauie: And the great Geometricians of this Age have not
the Accuracyan4
Imfl
to Galtivate this ^ubjedwith all

H "

waotuiH

.^ and they
Coaiequencedoth require
of the".
ieveral very Admirable Properties

ft IVbttcc of
Subtilty

have demonftratod

that

which have render'd their Conltra"ioa much

FacUc, than by tbo" operofe Methods, at firftufed by
more
their truly Noble Inventer, the Lord Nefairj and oar worthy
/

Nikmb"s^
jirtifieid

TAx.Briggs.
Coofltry-Maiis
Ifiad very few of
all their Eacfeavours,
But sotwithftanding
have attained^
to
thofe^who Blake coiiftaat Ufe of Logaritimsy
Make
or Exa*^.
an
Adequate Motion of them ) to know how to
t

underftaud the Extent of thQllfe of them r

Gontentidgthemfelvea with the Tables oi them, as they fiadii
l^wf.
to know
them, without daringto Queftioa them" or caring

mine them,

or

to

bemg, I (iippofe^
therein,
^or*
Difiiculty

Redifie th0m, ihoald they be found amifs

to

of fome great
Apprehenfioa
intended i
Tr"ict is principally
^e fake,of wch^ the foBoiving
under

the

'

'

'

but'

Mr.

i4

and facileMethod

HalleyJ Cmpen^t

that may
but not vyithouthop^s,however* to produceipmjpthlng
/.
thefe mattep;
to the molt knowinglixi
pe acceptable,
.

it may be reqaifite
to premifea Definition of Lpgd-fii'ft,
Difcdorfe..jnore ciWTi
in prder fo rejider the cnfoin^
rithms^
But

the rather, becanfe the old one,

Mferenttscomites^ feetnstog
majt much
nentes

more

Wherein

ginningfroiQthe
thre,:when the

we

fcantyto define them

iaid to ^\a Nibntri'Rsiionvm

confider Rstio

Ratio
Rdth

as

or
ofEtfuMtfy^

is

jB^fo^

SefiUgeneris^
Qiiantitas

tq i^o^

beipgAffirtna-

as c^.Upttyto
a^gr^ata
increafisg,,

Arid theft R^lmifs

:
Negative,when decreafing
tained
to b^ meafured
by the Number of Rdtitmcnld^confttppofe
thefe KatlimcHla are fo to b^ under(tood9
each. Now
m
i but

Number
we

properlybe

kqU
frhfrniondiifiit
fully*They

Nmnerorum

cQntinuQi Sqile of Proportions,

iqfimteia dumber

between
of
of iht Riuic j which infiniteNumber
the two
Terms
of thfe like and
Mean
is to diat infiniteNumber
(Proportionals
two
Terms, as the Lo^arithiO'
"qualR^tinncuU between any ot^e^r
Thus if there
is to the Logarithmof the other.
of the OMRsuio
be fuppoledbetween
infiniteScale of Mean Proporlo an
i and
tionals,
whofe Numbq: is loooood'c.
is ii^iritt2t.v.betVE"fia
i and^
khercihall be 3010a "c. of fuch Proportionals,
aod bi^tw6en i aod.
^ .thtreWill be 477 1 2 c^r. "f them, which Numbers therefpre
are
the Logarithmsof the Rationes of i to 10, i to 2, and. i to 3 ^ and
of 10, Zand 3*
not Q^ properlyto be called the Ij"gaithms
if
t
he
infteadof fuppofing Logarithmscompofed of a NumBup
Bcr of equalRatitmcuU^proportional
to each Rdtid v,we flialltakat
a^

in

the fiiric
of Unity to any Number, to confilt alivayi^of
the J?j^r;V
tlieir
infiniteNumber of RmnneuU^
tare,,47iil
Magnitude in ttiisf
iformer.
if
Wherfbrt
between Mtatf^
^feas their Nmnber in the
of Mean
and any Number
be
takfen
there
any Infinity
proposed,

the infinitely
littleAugment
Ifrroportibnals,

of the
X^rfiM^^^i,that is.the

fitft'of
thofe Means

or

Ddc^emebt

from Unity, will be a

of the Ratio of Unity to the faid Number^
M^imum
or Bnxion
^11 the Ratiim^
that in theft contintial Ptopordonals
And'fteing
ckU are eqnal,
their Sum, or the whoIe^K^l", will be ^s the faid
JlfomctttHm is ^irc^y i tliat is,the Logarithm 6f eaCh R^id wiU
fce^as the l^laxioffthereof
Whferfore,if the Root of any In-

writ^fbwer

bf any
Unity^ (Hallbe

bt extrifted out

"f the Taid Root from

Number, the- DifnemtioU

as

the

Logarithm of

that

^timber. So that Logarithms,thus produced^

msLj be of as
Indites ot the Power
Forms as yon pleafe,
j^any
to aflame infinite

uHtoieRoQt^

^^a
looooa
you feek : As if the Index be fiippofed
the Roots fliall
be the Logarithmsinvented by the Lord*
iiifii|lteiy,
if
the
Lofaid
bat
Index
were
2301585 "c. Mn t^i"gs^s
jVy)jrr
V

be produced* And
immediately
Ha^rrthnis'WonM.

if you-pleaic;
to

to JsiroJit any ISamber of Figures,and not ta continue them biu

than
Index oi a Figure or two
more
it will fufficc
to aflame zn

hb*'int?iidedLogarithmii
i'
his Logarithms
tp

hare ;

to

Bri^sdid, who,

Mr.

as

-to

places,by continual Extra^ipA

haye the .Root of thq
to
of the ^uare Root, at laft came
146^374863
55 3 28fi!?Power; but how operofe that ExtraftibA
undertake to Examine
judgedby i*hofo ftiall
waj, will be calily
true

gM

14

his CalcidHs*

Now, tbo' the Notion

ftrange,and ( to thofe

maf feed very

of tht Exthe Difficulty
know
;
Powers) perhaps impraflicable

of

Powef
^Infinite

an

that

of Hich
of
that Admirable
yet by the help
of the Roots

tradion

whereby
Members
Doftrine

he

deterpunes the Vncia^

(on

compofingPowers

or

of

Invention
Numbers

Ur.NiwtM^

prefixedto the
chieflydepends the

which

of Series ) the Infinityof the Index contributes to

if the Infinite
eafie : For
the expreflion
much
more
be Refblved
be
to
(afterMr. Newten^s Method J

render
Power

put

t +?

fTFii

fi

""

1 4- 4^1 inftead df

ri^ :"9'+when
"c.

mm

vided

""

I"

+^

awW^^*

"

"i^"' (which IS the Root

24 m^

becomes
is finite)

x-j^^

,?4,-^4

",^4-"

j^^s

and coniequently
whatever
is di"
beingm^iVr infinite,
Multipli^^
therebyyanilhing.Hence it follows,that
-

of the,firft
into f-^ f f + f f 9 f
4f *+ f ?/-^c. isthe Augment
of our
and
is
Mean
i -^^, and
Proportionalsbetween Unity
therefore the Logarithipof the Rdth
of i to 1 *^where-9 ; and
the Infinite Index m
the feveiaf
as
taken
be
at
plealure,
may
~*

Scides of Logarisfamsto fuch Indices^will be

callyas

the Indices.

the cafe of Neur^s

Again,

if the

if the Index be taken

And

""*-"

-7"

of

If

Logarithm

our

of i~tf,

q^

"

"

or

i"

:r"q^ "c*
o

Recipro^

or

"

"c.

looeo

of

be

lUtio
decreafing
II

^|"is i"
whence

the

"

+ i 9*

the faid
"c.

-|-

"""

4'"-

"

;;

5^--"

"

of the

Decrement

firlt"

m*
J

Infinite Number

then

f q

inf

fought,the

of Proportionalswilt be

"

into

Logarithmwill be j-f1 99 +.t ^M^

^
ff + f ^'+ 4 7* + f f + 1 ?* *^^- which therefore will be
Logarithm of the Ratio of Unity to i" ^, But if m be put

t^c.

ai.

Logarithms,they wiU be fimplyf^

Infinite Root

as

as

\.
tbo^

icoooi

?* -^WHence

Mr,

Hallfy*^
Gmj^mmSIwW
ci aiqr

tience the Terms

the Difference

or

ta

i?4fi";
iacreafiog

j^When

Logarithmof

Wfaexice the

Rmi^hcmg

the
divided,
bjr.

or

Methft

Faa^

and

"

--^

tft

whw
IcflcrTierffl^

ot ui^io^
decreafing,

'ds

be

the iaoieSati^ may

Di^eace
for pattiag
a- for tibe

ti 9

of t}ieTerms

^s

dbublgr
ex^rdtf
a/idf" it Fillbf

either
1

X^

X^

x^

'

x^

X*

x^

x^

x^

x^

x^

divided iato two parts#

But if the i^ju^ of 4 to j^be fiippbfcd
of
Xatio
t/iz..into ^e
4
hetw.eeo tbc
to the Arithmetical Mean
Terms^ and the Rstio of the 'faidArithmetical Mean to tbe
other T^m
of thofo
b^ then will tht Sum of the Logarithips
of the Rmo
^o
Rations be the Logarithm
ot d to hi and fub-^

f "., inftead off ^^Ht

ftituting
the

the laid Arithmetical Meant

of thofe Rdtiones
logarithnis
f

jr

XX

i.

-whereof

X^

x^

x^

Role^
be, by the foregoing
X^

X^

'

x^

x^

.+ 3X^~4^*"^

:rm^

fee Sum

x^

xx

wiQ

zx^

IX

^"ii"

ix^

+"5

-^

^^^
^

i.a

-J--^ :j;-^ficc.will be th^

"".

the Ratio of a to t, whofe Difference is at, and

And
this
5mV/
Snm t..
twice as fwift as the fbrmer^
convcfrgcs
Pra^iceof making of Lotherefore
is
the
for
garithms
and
morejproper
with that Expedition,
it performs
that where
: Which
tbe Difference is but the Hundroth
Part of the Sum, the firlS
X

Logarithm of

ftep

foffices
of the Lc^rithm, and tliejecond
to Seven l^laces

ften

Twdvt.

"

to

But if

^rij^/sflrftTwenty Chiliads of Loga*'

he has very carefully

computed
them^ tQ Fourteen Places,the firftftepalone is capableto give
of any intermediate Flumber true to all the pjapt^
the Logatithm

ritnms

be

fappofedmade,

as

of thole Tables.
of the laid twd
After the fame manner
may tticDifferencc
of Prime
be very fitly
to find the Logarithms
Logarithms
applied

^timbers,havingthe Logarithmsof

"

above
the two next Numbers
and below them : For the Difference of the Ratio of 4 to f 1:^
and of ^ z. to ^. is the Ratio of ab to i zx^ and the half of thae
Ratio is that of y 4 1^to i z^ or of the Geometrical Mean
to thef

Arithmetical.

tbie Logarithm,
f(fr
Con/ht0ii^
"

tj
the Logarithm
confequently
thereof will
be
contraJ

;fc^"if
feL ^^
the Half Difierencc of

the

LogarWims orthofe RMthttest

" "".

"*-

**

**

**

X*

Wh""5htsa 7lrj""-""
of good difpatch
to findthe LowritHmof**;
rauch
more
hi a
2"I ^^f^""*!*
*r^"
advantageoufly
perfbrra'd
^'""'^J**^ Difference of Its Terms
!!L? !!*.+?
**+J^*^"
of ^4-^ *=$*;,, Which in the
tti^^i* "^A"5-^^*
^'^'^^
of Prime Numbers, is
K?.ciw
^*H tb^i-ogwithm.
and
always
the

Unity ;
the Sun^ of the Terms
caffing
Logarithm of tte A.r/, of v-* to i^b
or

;t+**=

y u

AViUbe found

^*^^^^- -y
ffie^rS IV^^""
Here note,

is afl along
tbat^
a^died

to

hitherto

t^.-."

ada^t thefe itolei

of Logarithtas.
If
be"
M^^A^"^11
"c; it may be neg^
"^''*^'^
^^l^ibut7 Vif '''""?*
Logarithms, wL'hintlk
yoa defireJfr^A.
Jj%e
which
Logarithms;
nb"^
m

loooo

a.

generally
received,
Or

are

you muft Divide your Series,by

it by
Multiply

'

"^

the

thereof
Reciprocal

-vit,

all^thV'ifr
(which is
5 ^igft*?
a.MoWplicatiott

thatl
this Multi-

nf

more

SlcatorT^l^'l?
^'="^),"expedient Diride
SISSf"%2*|P^^ of
continnaUy"accotding the
^^r.**^.***'^'*^'^'
^I^^Uy where *iVfmaHandWer,
vrhes yoi
'***^^""^^ ''^a**"d together,,
bar J^i.*^!,
to
whSJlSltK^f"/
logarithm
many i?igarei you defirf
of
Method I
"

X.

to

or

to

***

as

"7J''"fn

wiU

as

gire a Specimen.

,
*

nroL?."
S"""^'y
*f "*"y Gentleman,that hat kifcr*,wotild
'" "n^Jw'take to do
the Logarithmsof all Prime
"3
".
Numbers

under

laxoo

to 25 or 30 Figures,I dare aflTurehini

""^ **"" ^"''"* "f"H i"^te l""n" thereto
5.-nor
be dcflred. And
to encourage ;him^ I
.K^,'"*"'^.*^^
Logarithmsof the firftPrime Number^ under 20^
Pen pf Mr. Abr^am
^^ "^e accurate

2n "ii.?""'5^
S!/Sf"f

t^cB ^}^^
^U^f^rJ^^^K^^^'^^^f^
ti^I^^ T ""^^^^ Induftryand
urae

me

expert great

by

oar

eommon

Capacity the World may

PerformancesVasthey were communicated
Friend,Uxhuclid
SpeidaS.
d

in
to

Kunt.

and Facik
JIfnHalleyx
Co?npen"ws

Hum.

Method

Logarithm.

"

9
7

^i 1(47 1 9^6iwi37t9.50"79-on(f
^O^ft^-^^t^
.1 1 ^|a92O0X.ft88tf4-t
o^4To9-8043ai4i5^.82O7x.ux^i.f859^^^^i9*3483T-7M9^-3M9i*54^'^^3f
o4{4fo9.8043ai4i5^.8jO7X.ux^i.f859^^3^l9*3483T-7M9^-3"39^*54^'^3^3f

0^771
*

1.041 3f .1^8 5 1 58115.0407^.ox 999-71 ^3*oi4"4-X70^-oiX90b4M4^

miff .f^ 39
x.xx394.t35"3.o^}^.7^9L(x6fon*5794^3^43-o""97-"^x^"3870^-83b7X

T X

13

X"|844*9"i378"7|^9i854.ox^98.943*"-3370S"07"*^37"4"f04^397J
M7fen-)M9-92SaS.9^XT3.tf3)M.7575^-9293l*79(tM9337"m4^7f9H^S
Prime Namber
is 13, which I will*take ^oran Ek"
ample of the ^egoing Doftrine ; and by the firftRoles, the
of the lUtio of 22 to 23 will be found to be either
log^ritnm
The

next

22

9"8+3ip44""9j7024T"257"8itfo**^

23+10^8+
3(550i+ixi93tf4'32i"i7i5
As likewife that of the Rstio of 23
^
'
^
A
J

23

1058''
35501

to

by

241

like Procefs*

^
t

1119354*"
3^18171$

ftr

"^

*^

24"'"
1152'

39813^^0
41472' 1 327104**'
And, this is the Refolt of the Doftrine of Mncatw^
proved by the Learned Dn JK^iKA But by the fecond
mix^

"^+1X5+ 7^

fewer ftcps:

To

lame

""^- The

as

Tbcanm^

obtained

Logarithmsare

im"^

bf

wit,

212

*^*

45T273375TP22640525T
2615585171875
22

47+3114^9+14*725035''
554*3^1843241

^*

Which

invented and demonflxated

was

in

theHyperbolickSpaces^

Anatogous to the Logarithms,by the Excellent HLv^JamesGnian^

in his Exirci$atim$s
Sy
Geometric^^ and fince further profecuted
him
the afordaid Mr. SfiiJUtt^
in a late Treatife in Englifit
by

puUiihedon

this

Subjeft.But

till now

tirds never

more

matter

as

own,
Jisiia of the Geometrical Mean

and 24,

or

conceive,

the Confideration of the

purelyAridimetical,as this is,can*

be applied. But
properly

daim
juftly

Demonftration,as

without
perfefted,

which^ in a
IfyferbcU^
Jiot "b

the

of ^ 528

my

to

23,

vU.

what
That

follows,I think,
the

I may

Logarithm of

to the Arithmeticai, between

will be found to be either

*^* *^
iop+ 1 1 19354+
88821 5334+525487882248

i0S7+3S4i7j"JS7P+tf55KJ7"J5
58485^85

the
22

Mr.

30

HaUey'^Qmfen^mi 4nd

Facik Mftboi

Froin the Logarithmg;ivexi,

to find what JUr^ it ejcpreSt
s, h
Problem
that has not be^n to much (onfideredas the former*

but which is (blved with die like eafe,and demonftrated \yj:

r
of Mr. JtTtwt^nt
like Procefs,from the lame generalTheonm
For as the Logarithm of the.ti^th of i to r-^ was proredto be
I to
i^^f^tobei" i-^'frSo
i4-9h-^i,andthatoftheie"rfoof

the

Logarithm, which

giv^n,i+L

will be

will be equal to
be

i"

we

wiU

hraoeferth call L,

from

in the
equaltoi-f^l*

f|"*in the other

equal to i-f^,and

i"

LI

to

Mr. Newtonh
faid Rule, i+wL+t
iw^ L^ "c. will be =
i\q^and i"

one

bein^

cafe ; and

i+L|
Confequently

I,

i"

will

that is, accordii^g

to
LM't w^ L*-^^ *"* L* -^iti
*"*
L+i w* L'" i iw"

i"

f i

"*

L'-^4

dex
gf, w being
an^ infiniteIngeneralProportionfrom the
Logarithm given to find the Number, I
rithm what it will. But liNevMrh Logari
tiplication
by m is fav'd (whlcn Multiplici
than the reducingthe other 5ffew
to his)and the Series will bo
more
ample, viz^ i+ LrH L L+i L*+" L*+Ti3 L^ "c. or i^L
in gr^ak
+i LL" i L' +,^4L^" ri, L' "c. This 5m"/, efpeciallv
be
it
wiflica
could
lb
to
Numbers, converges flowly"that it were
l?e Contrafted.
If one Term
be given,!'
of the J?4f/^,
whereof L isthe togarithm,
the other Term
will be had eaClyby the feme Rule : For if L
b the greater
vfcreNepalr\
Logarithm of the Jf^n^ of ^ the lefler,to
term, b would be the ProduS of a into i -fL^K LL^-i LLL i"Ci!
^==^4"^
L+t ^ LL+ i 4 L* "c. But if b were
given,a wouldL
be =b"b
L-Yi y LL~i b V "c. Whence, by the help of thft
Number
the
OiilUdsj
to any Logarithm wi^ be e*-"
appertaining
aSly had to* the utmoft extent of the Tables. If you feck the
neareft next Logarithm,whether
and call its
greater or letter,

L^"

L^ "c.
Yfeifi^

will be equal to
whatlbever, which is a fulland

i"

"

Number

if

b if greater than the given L, and the

or
lefler,

Difference thereof from

the iaid nearelt Logarithm you call / ^

it vfrill
follow,that the Number
anfweiingto the Logarithm L
will be either 4 into i + ' + i'^ + t'^' +w/Hto'^
"c. or
dfe^into
"c.
wherein as /
I"
Z+i//" 1/// + ^;^/* r^cij/'
is lefs,the5m"
will converge
the fwifter. And if thefirft
"

thefe is rarely
given to fourteen places,
occaiion for the three nrit Itepsof this Series to find the Number
of loooop
to as many places.But
tor Hdcq's great C^non
as
aoooo

be
Logarithmic

but to ten places,there is fcarce ever

need for more
than the firfbftep^-j-^
/,or a-^vna I in one cafe,
elfe^ b /,or b m bl ia the other, to have thfe Number
or
true
of.
If
confift
to as many Figuresas thofe Logarithms
which
Logarithms^
"

is made

"

the ^Mber
p^ finding

frm

lif
fbtare Induftryfliallever
will be of

Ufc

L"g^hm

lipin;,

31

produce LogarithmickTables

t^o# 1^
);"kcev^^

imanymore

the

to

have tftei%tiieaforefaid Tbetn-ems

deduct the correfpondentNatural Numl)ersto all tlieplace;thereof. la order to make the firil;
Chitted
ferve al}Ufe^^ I wa? defirous to cpatrad this Series^wherein all
the Powers
ioto one^. whereia each alternate
of I are prefeai:,
Fower jnightbe.wanting
form
v but found it neither ib Simple or UniYet
the
thereof
ix" Itep
moft
as the other.
.is"I coaceiv;e|
for Pradi^e, and withal exadt enough for Numt^rs
Commodious
more

to

"

not

exceedingFourteen

Places"fuch

Mr.

are

as

Briggs^t
largeTa^

ble of logarithms, and ttierefore

I recommend
"^^^
4^7;^ ^^'^Tllil/

It is thus:,
to the

It

to

conimon

l^fe-

anfwering

V ^^^ Kumber

fkom
ithm given^difiering
JLc^af

the truth bat by one half

of the th"rd $tep of die forinerSnio*, But that w hich rondos it
it fervesiocJir^'S^oF
with equal^ciiicy
yet moi""^igibte"is"that
any other fort of Logarithms^With tHe only variation of ^vtitlt^'

^infteadof
.

i, that

is, ^-^-j^jjand^-

"

x*

"

4^-*/*
and

which
^\'jr*j,T%
As. 43429

Or,As
If

more

43429

8rc-"

Jf

tife.
eafilyrefolvcd into Analogies;

ro

"c.r^-t/ to

of
fteps

44- \l^xi

are

43429

-^^i/::So

43^29" t'''

this Series be

\ZiTi,^rl^

"

is

So is b 5

ber

it will bt found
defired^
^*

the

to

as

"

l^Jiim-;.

fought. \

foUowsj^

^^!jv"^ demonHratcd,by

^^y

and coUeding the Q^otesy

working oi^t the Divifions iaeach ftep,
fiound
with
to agr^
oor. former Series..
Sum wiU bf
yi^hofe
"

Thixsy I

ho]^)1

have

"

deaf cd up the DoArine

and fliewn their G"nftruAioii and life

ferboUywboie Afiedions ba^vehitherto

purpofe, tho' this

be

matter

"

of

Log^triehms^

independentfirom the Hjf-been made ufe of for this

,

purelyArithmetical^nor properly'

have I bcea
from the Principles
demoaftrable
ox Geotnttrj.Nor
aflndivifibles,or th^
obliged to have recoarfe -to the Method
Arithmetick of Infinitess the whole beingno oiher than an eafie
QaroUry to Mr; Newton^^ General Thegrem for formingRoots and

Powers.

A"

JnEaSeandQmpenSottMuhdifmakit^Lojgaritb

13

Of

To

"

making Natural Logarithms.

the Firft thiqgrcquifite.
the making pi L"g4ritbmsy
is to find the Natnral Logarithmsof Two
or Three of
the leaft and firftPrime Numbers^ viz^ pf 2^,3 and 5^

q{ y(fh\ch'
by the Reciprocal
Srigg/s(thatare th^
moft ufefiil
Logarithms)are compos'd.
The Logarithmof i, is always o. That of 2, the next Prime,
then is firftreqair'd
^ bat to attempt to raUe that direAlyand
be (b rery laboriousand tedious a Taslc
wonld
immediately,
the greater Primes) that 'tis mcAre expedienttq
(mach more
nfe fuch Fradionate Numbers as lie between
i and 2, by the
whereof 2, s and 5 may be produc'd
Multiplication
i of which,
in the defign'd
Methbd, thofe are molt convenient,whole Na-^
exceed the Denominators only by an Unite, fince here*
merators
is wholly avoided.
by Multiplication
The Rule for making the Natural Logarithms
of luch improthis
be
^r Fradions,'
:
may
To the Double of the Denominator^ add an Unitef; this (hall
t i.e. Thi
or

rather 10,

2^5^be

above the'Deno^'
Excels of the Numerator
The
:
minator, in this Cafe always 1,000 c^^. is the Dividend
mm
^f ^^i* fimpleFraoion, composed of this Divilbr and
^^^^^
tillthe Series.
MttfT^
Dividend, muft be raisM by a continual Divii^on,
but ( beof Figuresas aye required
out at fuch a Number
run
j
caufe none
of life)alter the firft"H-v
but the Odd Powers
are
be divided
vifion^lef that Qbotient,and all the reft fiicceflivelyi
the
of
the
firft
D
ivilbr.
The
Powers
by
beingthus rais'd,
Square
divide each rcfpedively
by its proper Index, i. e. the i^* by i,'
the z^ by 3, the 3* by 5, "c.
The Sum of all thefe Qpotients
the Devilbr

The

j^ntmt

Logarithm of the Fradion proposM.

Logarithmsof three Prime NumMrs, 2, 3 and $,
fought,which are mutuallyfubfervient to the compoflngeach'

will be the Natural

Becatife the
are
.

other, no fewer than Three

improperFraftions muft

be

of thefe Prime Numbers

are

Series can

fuffice:

Thercfdre Three

cholen, in each of which two

ingredient
i of which, foch

at
as

lealk
come^

neareft 2, as ij^9i^ requirethe greateft

labour in* raifing
their
leveral Series ^ but from tbofe,once
the
compleated,
Logarithms

of the deiired Primes

drauced : For thofe Fra^

moft eafily
are
dions,that approach nearer
i^oooc^c. (i.e.whofe Denomioa*
the Series are rais'd with lefs labour,tho' the
tors are greater)
the
deducing
Logarithms of the Primes therefrom be a little
Additions of Logarithms^
and infer many more
more
intricate,
but that beinga Trouble Icarce at all confiderable,
comparative-^
thefe muft be fappos'd
ly with that of makingthe Series^
more
I. The
eligible.
"

"

HaU^'

23

Series fer making the Logarithm

Deviibr* the Saiure of "=2"
the

,5)

divided by

i.ooocx".ooooo.ooooao

TheOiiPtmcrs

("30CX30.0dOOOb"C.

"30ooo*ooQoaooooo.ooooo.qooooo

J.
${} toScc(8oo"oooo

3) 266.66666^666*66666.666661
5) 6.4000a;0C"

S5)Sooax(3a"ooooo.

{xlt6.obooo.
25) t38o8ic(
25) 5 no ta^104.80CXX).
9$) 20480 8cc( 9.191O0.
II5;819I0 8ic( .3276800000.

7) ,i828".7428."7i4?.857f41
"

5688.88888.88888.t88889

9)

i8.6i8i8.i8i8i.8i8i8a
iO
.63015.38461.538461
13)
15)
2i84.53333'333333
17)
77.I0117.647059

i;}^i768ta.( ijiayiooo.
3$) 131073 dec( 52.4288aoooooo
2f) 524288 fcfrC2.0917".2d0000

19)

2.75941.052632

2U

9986*438005
364.722087

25) 20917^2 to" 8388.608000

25) 8388608 te" 335*544320
25} 335544320

x,3i5,fte"

(
(

23)
25)

536871

25) 13421773
25) 536871c
25) 21475 (

"3-42X773

27)^

134*21773

"497"o?

29}

ft85i3

3O
33)
35)"

21475

693

26
859
%
2^
Lofr or4s:a20273.25 540.54082.19098.900657
.

Sttin It tlig Natfl

"4^

MMi

IL

Series for making the Logarithm of ^ ^ twice 3-fi =7 the

the Diviibr for the reft.
firftDiyifor^the Square of 7=49
The

7)

The Odd Pcwers^ivUed

000000-

ljOO00O.OO00O.O000OiO0000

by i,3,5"8cr"

.14285.71428.57142.85714.285714
(.14285.71428.57142185711^285714

49)H*"(29"-545"8.95043.73"77"842566 3) 97.i8i72.98347.9io59.28o855
49)29 i5flu(5.9499a 18266. I986a772297
1
49) 5949 "c C "" 21421^5678.90201.24025
49) 12142 ftc( 247.80932.22249.004903

5"05733*3 "o66

49)24780980^

306223

49) 5057^3 te-C .10321.08797.271556

49) 103210 "c( 216.63444.842277
4.29866.221271
49) 210624 8k"
8772.780026
49) 429866 "c(
179.036327
49) 877278oo26(
3.65380J
49) 179036327 C
7456?
49) 3653803 (
1522
(
49) 74567

5) 1.X8998.0365
3.23972. 154459
7)
I734^525"55743*034322
9)
27.53436.9i36i*x"545
lO

W82384
793"92984"405504
14.04229.656152

"45975-7555

13)
17)
X9)
"

.25286.248310
461.725264

8-525539
.158861

21}

25)
^7)
29)

The
~

h Che

Sam

IftSeries
Ud

r=

5
6

iflttpaS-ntd

a90279"2554a54oS2 19098.900657
1036x25 89a4637 1.960949
0.14384.

-^ 2d

:si

4-

s=

o*34"^57-85902.79972.65470.86i

0.54930.61443.34054.84569.76226}
o693i4.7i8ov5^945-?094t.7232i2
-i-5th.or=4-^4=:^
87788.31474"
=
0.11157.17756.57104
Series
i
6
8730.037967
o.8o47u89562.i705o.i
4-3=5
i
84200.899571
=
1.15X29.25464.97022
5C
-h 7
4
=

=::

ill

t=

Serie

katuntLogl0/ ?=5^
hO.J4384.i0362"25890.46371"9

2d

ift

4tb

^fi^andCm^enAoiiMitl^bdtf
making
Liogdnibms,

^^

^4

trriThe

Logarithmof i of V

Series for the

firftDivifor,the Squareof 9=8

twicp 4+1

^=9

the

the Divifor for all the reli.

'

p)*

f.OOCO0.O0OOO.OO0O0.0OOO0,OC}OC5OO ^tVddfomcrs divided by i.3|,5;te.

C. titiMuii.ttiii.tijiiaiiiii
.iiiii.iiiii.iim/iiju.iuin

Ir)ii*c."i37.i742i.
1^482.853^2.3^9396 3) 45-72473-7o827.6i774.i
19799
80i37i"c.(i.69350.878o8*43o28.6Jiio4 5) .33870.i7S"5i.686o5.73422
8f) 16935 "c( ^090.75 1 58112876.8^7174 C7
*fii)20907""C.C
25.81174,79171.349718
9)
"1) 5186635 "c"'

3?H"79'5li9i3
8p3934"7"c.f 4-85^93*9l}49^2
81) 4856939 "c.
5996.216975

'*

2-86797.iy9o7.9244i

"3lS66ij'J54')"3l493"
lO

80 2581 17 "c(

2"8.67879.^.j26li28i68

?896.94ii4b.484o85
36.2tf:^44-582455

i%y
*V

"32379.57i"5"$4
352.718646

17).
.

'81) 599^5216975 C

1-9)

74.oa737i
-

J.896177

81)74027371 C

.9t39i8
11283

809"39t8C
80
Sum

thr

1.

43520

*3)

490

11283 C
the

21J

130

Natural

Log,

oi

i=--^~.iU"i7,nTi6.'i7io^pii.,,,
~~~

'

,Thofc Thfee

improperFraatons, whofe Denominators,

I pre-

the greateU that Can be found* which

are. canable of
effeaingthis^are ^S ^, j^j which ihall be pitched
ther
ano-

are
fijme,

upolas

Inftance.

Series for i,V,dr |^. Twice

15-30, 30+1=51
the firft
Divifor, the ikiuareof 3 1 3:9"Ji is Pivilbr for the reft.

1. The

31) 1*0000

00000.00000.00006.000000

"

"fte
on

Powers divided br

i.a

"Ae:

032l5.8otf45.t6i29"j3225.8

3"3567r4474o.8i75i.^3^tf99
3) i""89a"6i573'40583.84"2a
9tft)335""c( 349*"y432*59M7.733i28 ,5),
69.85886.51825.54662
9" 0 34909 *cX
"36346.9^19487756
7)
5192^2345.541108

)60o3a"c(

961) 363469 "c(

961) 378220 "C.C

"

"

37.82202.309"6i
3935.694391

The

S"m

i"

4"20244.7ojo6a

"

357*790399

Sf60 393569 "c.(

960409S4l6f
y"W4"^54I0C

9}
"^

4."Jo"4i6
"

'
-

"3J

A362
A262

"

"

"31503*
-"

'-gT
28A

,4
M

theHatu"ltx.i^of4^'^^,j-i6.

IJ. The

Series for i^r, or H. Twice

14^8,
48+1=49 the firft
Divifor,and.the Square of 4^ra:24oi is Divifof f^he
reft.

4P) i'00ooo.ooooo.o""o",poo90rf"oxx"4
The^AWoiwr*

aivided b?

1*9

*e.

"
(."'2040.8i632u553o6;i2"44.897959
^0id4O,Si4^a^"r^,iJl:SJ:

"

"T^!ft!?i^,l''^*"'*7^^J*3^5^
7'08626^3;al828
^^
a40"J,3540i"c( t474.44"3"895936
fiilliR^oIU
.7)
8401) 14744 ikftC
"X44460182 ..%),
Is^,^""
85!;766i8 ^"i
2401)61409 "e(
IIH^IJ
'''325147
^\o6"2
"f,"
2401 a55766.8f
aio

"

"

..

,.,

I oe
,^^

"um

.,

Mawrt

Loit. o^

If

O20^i.oo",f^
60,
S6477.7288.
27-

',

TKeSerie"fbr

m.

if^dtji. TwifieScvor i^+irsi^i is the

is Diviibr tor the reft.
Square of i6i =25921

firftDivilbr,the

161) t.ooooo.o6o6o"c"

OU

The

(f

ftmert

divided by 1,3

^fia^

/x"62i.i i8ei.^42l3"6o248*4472o{
*( ^oo6aMtSox.l4i25.66245.*"J72b$
798.7320-5.07774.59461%
i592i)oo6""c(
2396.19618.25323 ^53X4.5
3)
.

25921) 2396i]8cc(

"

9144422739*220060

959^2.1)9244?Sec
35^563"c.

2592O

.$5663.081641
1.375837

5094.725948
.152871

2^y20i37^S37
liie

i848.84547*8440i2

5)
1)
9"

Is the

Soin.

I
'

2\

'53

ii)

-^
.

NJitgrat
Log,

of

rf

^00621

12599.99278.57665.564656

9^0
5.68785.585 83.546 1 95
tirii ^
-:.*0322(f.
.O204i.09972-tfot i7-5"^477-7i8853
!:*: i| =^ sfSc=
rf:

flj=

=ji

.00511.12599.99278.57555.55455
lHi^+3^=4
r?8
J
.05889.15178.28191.72725.93970
=
i-l-2^+4'"'=5"^=i=i|S=.tii57.i775^-57i04.87788-3i4754
1+5'*' =5=:^=:|^=
.14384.10352.25890.45371.95095
4"""-^ 5^* r= 7 nt i = i4" =
.20273.25540.54082.19098.90055$
8 .= ife =t; 2 =
5'*.47'^
.34^57-3S902.7997:^-"^S470.85i5o$
8'^
8
in
1.03972.07708.39917.95412.584817
=
3
9
;=:
J.
fj
to
^th^
jik
,^_.
Log. 1.151294514^49702^.84200.899571
a

"

If greater Exadaers
No

fewer than

then
(i'')S,

be

if
fuificieat"

-wiU be

Four

the (2*)pay

Seriet maft

defir'd,mart
be

the

be

adtoitted;

leaft Nambers

the (3O ^, (4") I i then

f^,

be

the

going Operation.
Odier

Five

Four

"f,"

will

Srrjf/

may

be. (i)

(3) ^, (4) fg.

(2) |4,
Jf,

requirM, if tht? Icaft Numhcrs

be

thea
"'^)|;.
If.
a")JS.
d");::
"3')^.

be

(i^")

|i^-!|"+J

(6.")

"c.

"Six Stries

neceflary,when

will be

the

leaft Numbers

are

":

ii",(4)
HI, (5) ?|",
?51,(5)
(,) !2?,(a) l!i,
(
7) il!+!il
(3)
""'^
"^
^
^^^
"2o'
"^S

99

-:^8o*

^^

80

"^

"c.
4.a5_32il^i6^
'24

3072

"

99

15'

99
j^,

224'

120-^24*

^^^

124*

1^4

Sii*

before.
.....

'^

9^0'

125^224

960 -^307*'

-^
24

An"fniiuleatfaiitotiiltthoitfiitMigtji

j"
M

the

tiWiibn

IH

1" lllM#lfe*"lb tbe MHuiM

M^iMaMd,

6f Siriet.

TharaUthe"ngaiiffiOperatkms, repreibitedl"rFn"
SioBs, are Apim'd to oe peitomrd br Liwiiitlims.
been ilrtKlj
But this work
hUTiiig
aecomplillKd by the Indaftryof Mr.
i^m,

jihr,

Siitrf,need

fiftedon;

he

has commnnicated

HyperbolkfcLoprithm
the double

is

ted and

Tlf

th4

Of lo, wbkh

this,bf Um compi*
eoaSrmed 1" a tnpple mof
of

Figures; and

82

to

further iA-

be

not

its

Reoipracalf
being

tic A'""r4"^. vi^

Reciprocal*/
o.8is858.8/S38.0CjO3.C5)30.2l578

tj tit
Miltillfi
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.

Ktttrtt

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i j
43.4JS44.8iil03.2Jl82.7(Ssi
tf,o8ol2.274tftf45
$25.5871Iff
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4J

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(a8)
""i

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'*'i"'

fc

Ml

IMr TBjCgasTs
lOffarit^for allNumbers,
rmf*

from i to loo,
Calcul
that
^"SfrMMn,andIiKlefattgabIe
AfathematUMm,
dculateoby Ingenioos
.

o.ooocx".oooQaooooOi"oooo.ooooo.ooooo.ooooo.ooooo.ooooaooooo.ooooo.ooooo^

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0.3Oior999f^?9SM9fxi.37)88.947i4^9^^^^^S988x^tf2a:0.^54l3.l04t.7T

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J
0.477i^I"f47-l^^"-4)7^-5OX79,O3Xff.xxf

1-7082^.108549
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180.44061^19311^

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38
39
40

41
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1.57776^x366.310556
39
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16.108549
40
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41

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48
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54
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|0- \hEalkaudOai^endimuMftk"icfmal^
is taflieir,howMr.Srigg/tLogarithms iboftt
immediately composMf for vfhich fe?erai Rnle^ pixf be

Work

Ths.Mst
are
$jc^

which
is lAx^ mqers^ aad eafie,and comeft
laid dovra : That
lieareft th" former^ for th^ Nat0ri(rLogarithffl89
is this :

t^

wholb

the Numbert

I. Let
other

two

Mambers

( the Logarithms of

one

improper Fradion

an

j^ext it,jg^eater or
pr

of

Lo^rithm is fimghttbioAei^er
both

which

ox

are

le(s

by an
given) he

Unite
madt

the Efeaomimitor doubiled, add i^

the Square of diat mnft di^

to

thdt

(hall be the firftDiviibr, and

vide

the

firftQiiotient,and

all the reft :

Reciprocal of

Qividend

The

mult

Lcpeir^t^mdl
l^e re^
"c.
AU
ioss8"858.89^38.o$^"n.tf553o,22"78.37t23nwft be as is direded tot m^ong Natural Logarithms i imly th^
Sum of the Series,or Logarithmof the Fraftion,when the pwA
lilnmberis left than that ibaght,moft be 4dded ^ itsLogarithm (
always

when

be

th^

greater, iUbtra^

,The Sories to maktBrin/s

from

Mataral

the

ic*

"x.

Or.

ta
250, die tiettlefi^
whofe Logaritlmiis firftibught9 x 250^
inake the Fradion
b the firftPivUbr, the Square thereof S25 loor
divides
I te5ot
an oie reft,as in the feflowing
Operation.

Lo^of251,. take

|^

"86858.89638.o"503
6{)3o.22{784 The odd Ptmrs dtvtded bf 1 13"1Ac^
( "00173.37105.06599.80769.521409 .O0i73,37io5"p6599-8o7^.5""4o4
^51001) "733 8a (^9^7185.65503.646478 3)
23/"ij95.2i834"548m
501)

ts loox) 6907185 "c:C 27.51855.831266

251001) 275i85583i266(
10.963525
251001) i09635a^(
u

M"^S^

7)
9)

ff;;*:=" 00173

97^28

O9O00.52976"bo2fii
"

950

SI

t.39794j00o86"72O37"6o957"252A2l

251

2.399^y^17g"4*8ioi8*i19^i"OJi9n

^^

11. The

that whoie

fecond method

L0g. is ftmght

may

be this

If two

Nombevs,

nezi;^

greater, and the other left;

the Squarq
known
iJgarithmi,

feitfaer
one

both greater, or both lefs;have

of the middle Number
of the improper
Ihall be the Mamerator
l^radioQi the Produd of the othw two, on each fide,die Oeno^,

or

mnator.

"^4i"f/f.Take 2399 its Square ^7121, and the Prodoft of

and their Sum
258 and 240=57120^ whence theFra^n
J^^iHI,
%
114241, the firftDiviibr,and its Square 1 3^05 ioo((o8ipitUoi:
an the reft,asin the foUowingSeries.
For

.1

114241)86858.89638 o6503.6553a225784 1 Tke Odd

Peven

divided bf

1.

1^

teiuedfm

Mr.

fialBefs
pectSi^Difiotnfi,
^t

ittte "^. of the middte Nondter be ibdgiit,

the Z"r. of
of thecreateft and'leaft,
wfilbe
Fo^ioii,addfed to theJLi^.
of the
fig.

Squareof

ml^gMrUmif

^40 k "a8

as

the middle Namber

in die

the

; diir half of which ii

Woric
feUowing

jjrito (3)=

tii6

S7"""=

4"75"78"8t9"7'68n7'97740.23i

4^H* =aooooo"76o3i.a8t"7.j936ao
(5)s= 5^181= 4.75^9 5"oiMi7^370oo.3ft8aia
Log. of 2^9 = a.37839"7900948i37'^85oawi65t
ttf
(4) =

"|9X
i

S39 =: 57t3t
Ac Log. of $7t2x

=s

be ibaght,
leaftNumber
fafatraf^
tiieLtg.ofthe FraSao^ from the Z^. of the Sdaare of the middle
Mnmber, the Remainder mall be uie Lig.of the Prodti^of the
tdiHt two ; firom which iiibtrad die L"g.of the known Nomber"
die Remainder
will be die ""^. of the other.
Soppofethe L^g. dF 259) 240 given,and 238 iboght,then
(5)-\4)=(3"-(0^i i if the I^x. of 139, 138 given,and 240
then r5"-"'4;=('3"H'aXi;Iboght,

If the

I^. of

the

greateft
or

may be : I^d fnch a Prodad of th^

whoTe Fadors have knowa
Momber^(wkofe Logarithm is ioDght)

ni. The

Third Method

which mafl be
Logftritbois,

greater oi^ lefi by an Unite iJian aao"'

ther Namber compofed df inch as haT" known Logarithms^thefe
fliallmake the Fradion whofe Logarithms
is to be direftlj^
two
in the former,and tw
to the prelcriptioas
lomgbttacGordii^
L("arithmdefir'd deduc'd thence, as in the ficlbmethod.
For
Infcince^Take 2271 which drawn into 27 and 3 if produces
"8M99/the Fraftion is USSiSj the firftDirHor 2^1^9999^'
'"
tab37999i^ the Squareof that 14439924XDO01 divides alltbe t^

I Hie Odd PMm

divided bt if ih
if9999}96i$2.i96^to6^m.6^^^o.2i^^^
I
"ooooa92857"6tf44"944^04999
( ooooa2a857.6tf44624460499970

I44"9i4"x"t)a"g^7""cfi^8a.949077'

2^ H

fiHH

19000Q

3:

t89999 5=
837 =
31 =
327

Aaodidr Inftance ibaO

an"2iiJixiix2ii

::"

1)

i;.^:gtt"*

149^^
.axxxikS2S57."d44""S49"8-

5.2^"75.36oc9."282"96t^3.^i3

S.a7"7f"i3"S^^382'7i^054$
WS272.54579-93a59*99i55-"787"t
93ii2.7Wcoi3Q489V
2.35692.58571

be to IUi"

the

UigariUwi of

=i^82n5!i41TThe
Sam 39tf42388"K
:"y"iHiwai,
*"^

'^"*

"""28x55Xii3Xi97=:si98aii9440j
litthe mft

Divifion Qpotes the L#(.of the Fradion

au

whtck
nuiw"

15;places.

1087.180802571
(OiiOoeoo^ooooft.i9io6"i
54944*84^44^8396
5ttii3Xi97==gt98aH9"40g=9"297i2"98209"7i664
a
TH4A
9*897"^98"i190770.66031.62^25.1969
Psnr of 2n=:i982i 1944%=
=
f of vUEh Is tbe L" of sii
te"
"868588963806503'
39"4t}888t)

6""" rt

2.32428.24552.97692.665

MttBbd dfmdi^ ^IjogarkSms^

aidCmpendious
Eafie

An

^2

laft Method
and moft
tfae firftv
'

This

ordiaarilybe rfender'd

may

.Udiwi'ial

as

as

thaa thb."condi aD
EXipedittotis
-Thfemetbod
beingin finding
the difficulty
oat.proper Nambers.
better.
rarelyhih, is.here fubjqjaULi
I commonly us'd, which

"xa"^ and

by the Performance,than exprefs'd*

tjaderftood
Fof

223

223

87

Again, 3

M^^

19401

2' =

(7x41=^)287:=:
#4001
in

229

68t

3"

-;

2otfi

r=

1374..

^?==

31 c=T099
I

9
6

229

'

.0

"

.7ixi39==98^9
convenient

")
"

^
"

i5"JV9

*/

^S8o"
.

1832
2061

*"

^^

two

8"J9=s: 199001

^31=29999

H?re

c?

iSgi

Fradions

are

"

"

(t

229

For

^3 71.3

""

131

3^9

.=.

223

223 in 13

446

^^9

2^3

2260001

for makingthe
difcovercd,

i^40oo

i58W9=3iX23Xasf3

Logarithmsor"

gopoo

2260001=71x139x229

(^^^^
29999^131x429

226oooo=2Xii3k"oooa

Numbers^ acceimm^ddte to the Third

jtntthtr Expedient
fer finding
RjUc or Method ef making Brlggs'/
Logdrithrtts^
"

"

"

Find fttchaProdnd of theNoinbet, whpfe Logarithmis"ughe

(the gi^atir the better)which hath two Humbert neareft it,oa
Logarithms arc
both or either fide,compos'dof fuch whofe
the
fliall
be
Numerator} the
known i Square the Middle, that
is
the
Denominator
of the
either
fide,
on
Produft of the two
the Logarithmwhereof is to be made
accordingto
Fraftion
",

there laid down, only obfervingin which the fought

is ingredient
Number
J if in the Numerator, the Logarithm of
of the Dedomioa*
the Frsu^on mult be added to the Logarithm
but if in the Denominator, it mull be fubtraftcd from the
tor
the Rules

-,

Logarithmof the Namerator,

Convenient FraiHons
227^

Of

2321t=:S4X43,

Of 223

the Logarithms
of iu^
foundfor Rdifing
239"

229^,235,

211

"c.

211

XI

241, asr, and

1=2321

80x29=23^0
100X29=2900

2898rri4XjX23i223HI 3=^899

7
"

257.

223,

5387041 121X11
1X211
5387040=^0x54x29X43
=

"

84042OT

8404200=2900^125^23.

"

itf9H223X223

Of

CfmMaig hogarittmlyMukipKcatim.
20x193=38^0

Of UT

i48996oos=4JQo""
1 93X

;)
1

93

3851=27x153, 17x227=3859 J i4899599=Z7^J43*ti7X227

Of 229

229X3

^ 5"W80"#31 X3

=7099

14x39x13=7098

7100=71x1009

Of 133

11021=103x107x233x43=11019

700x14=9800
241 X41

241

9604000O!=c49X49X40OOQ

96039999=81x121x41x239

=9881

9882=9x18x519520x19=9880
Of

=41
^97^^4161

X41 X241 X241

397634i6o=i).oxi3Xi9X9x;8x5|

24oxi37"3288o

251

108

C944Qca40X240X

37X

1x49x51x1
3288i'2Si)CT3i"nX49X5w32879Siogio94399"i
Of

5 i2i4403P9"43XiO3XiO7X233

S^80i=l2ix8l9 239x41=97995
Of

X229X229

%tai44Q4QQ"4O0Xl9XI9X29X29

20x19x29=11020

Of 239

S 50395800*100x7 1x42x1 3x1

137

31x25?

257x47*^2079
J 1^002241" 47x47x257x257
12080^80x1519 18x1 ix5i " 12078 i 145902240=80x18x11x51x151
257

And

for

Proof of the

Ijogarithmsof

and

257,

116488849::=;43X43X2^
^

43X151=10793
10794*257x42,

251

8x19x7^=^^0792

1X2^1

116488848=8x19x71x42x257

be found for any other Prime"i

I prcfiimesina;
TiKe ]"fiEaqpedieSiCs,

"^"^"

"

"

IIIII

Method nf ntiikini
Logarithms) communicdted
Hfftrtnt
^Sffather
by
derived
Abr. Sharp,
Mr.
from Dr. WaHis'j IHuftration of MerQsiadrature of the Hyperbola, in Philof. Tranladions*
cators
N*' 38. whirein thi greatffi
fart qf the Warkj (viz. R^fi^X att
t^ht tmerf) is ftrfrmfd JyMuIlfipUcaUQa,
keiu^eafiermd "jf
$hm Divifion.
picker JUffoteh

I'

ET

any

three Numbers

pos'd^the kaft

f# th" other
I. Let

H.

twxii

ms^

th" firftTerm

TheSenes=-r"
X

"

m.

The

Sum

in Arithmetical

the middle

=A,

if the Logarithmof any

one

of the Series be

"

2*3

v/*..y+

j+

an

infinite Series"i

C=5i:^=^=^=^

l-'~~*T+'~--r:r4'---"
6
7^^g
10
"

4*5

Powers

pro^.

given,the Lo^arithma

be thus ohtatn'd, by

TT"~"

Progreffionbe

-cB" the grcateft=E-

of thefe be

of aft the Odd

i.ts.proper
index)

+"
*

( each b?bg (Jivfeied

by

^^* *=^
f+T*"^

^^

*^

Hjper-

0/ ^^^^g Logarithmhy MultipUcatien.

34
IV. The

"c.
7+^Vf+|-+^p'+

viz.

bf

its Udex)

is the

HypcrbolickLoga*

2+^

^^ ^^

of ^
gi

rithm

The

V.

of the Even Powers, (eachdivided

Sam

of all the Powers,

Sum

or

Hyperbolicfc

Logarithm of -jr
VI.

Difference of the Odd

The

and Even

Powers,

X is

2"

or

of
Hyperbolicktogarithm
g^.

the

If B be=
will be
i^ TO, 100, looo, ioooo,c^r.all the Powers
rais'd by the Multiplication
for the Hyperbolick
of C continually
of C into the Number
0.43429448 "c. and into
feverai Produfts for Bri^s^s
Logarithmsj all which Powers

Logarithms;
the

or

muft

be divided by their refpcaiveIndices.

This Method
hath this,
peculiar
Advantageabove others.That
a Series one?
rais'd for the loweft Numbers
in that Progrellion,
will generally
ferve for finding
the Logarithms of Eight or more

Numbers, without any more labour than Addition or Subtradion^ therefore is undoubtedlythe moft Expeditiousfor Comfor making the Logarithmsof the firlfc
pofinga Table, efpecially
tho'
for
not
Primes,
a fingle
railing
Logarithm.
poffibly
Prime

the firftPrimes, viz.. 2, 3, 5, "c. muft unavoidably

of
be the Hyperbolick
or Natural^ fince in allMethods
railing
Logarithms,thefe ofier themfelves firft*, and from hence
be
deduc'd the Number
inuft
"c. which reduces them
.i^34Z9448
o
f
to Brifg/s
:
Amqrigft^variety Expedientsfor cffe"ingthis,
The

Logarithmsof

^upon

here

of a competent Exadand capal)le

that is eafie,
able
Series,fince fewer will not performit to a toler-

one

nefs, by Three

Accuracy,wi^out great tediouihefs an4 difiiculty*

The
B"

Numbers

Three
Rrfi^

ptf^^

100"

"

100-7x04

loo^^^'T"'^

T""""!""

I2"l2f=A=JL-C:
200

96== A, ioo=B,

are

200

100

So

thca

i04=Ei
E"

^^^^^^E+A^'

100

is the Firft

that ,04 =C

Term,

wbofe Powers, e^c. nvtketh; ipirft

Seriqs.
The

Secortd are

92=A,

ioo=B,

and

io8=E,
'

-~-

"

B"-"A
The

T%ird

are

io25=E, and
975=A, TOoo;;pB,

tb" PirftT^
^Qjj^cC,

of the Third

^ies.

"

g.

"

'"

1 00

2{

2-=

="

j^^^

OfmJ"i^ Lagatkhm tyMuhtfticaiibit,

s"

the
C*

III* Series.
625

C^-zz

1562*;

=:

""

97"55*i5
24414062s

610351^^2'}

C^ ==
C"=

152587*90625

C'rr:

38146972656

"-"=:: 953"5743l6
C
12=23841858
Cm
596046

C'*==
h^m^

14901

atmx^

iC=

|C*

025

0052083333333333333333

fC'

=:

4c

ttic
By thdc Three Scries^
Loearithflisof all the Pr^"
under 29, eaccept11, may be
madi"t and feveral abore :
For the Logarithm of 7 is
got from (IP^ looS "=: tX)C
1 2x7 ; of 1 3 fit"m (F*)1 04=:
8k 13, or .fttim(III*)
975=2
of
frdm
u'*)
75x13 1
17
999tf=5x 7 X14H 17} of 19
from (III*)
9975=3 X 7 X25)c
of
19 J
25 from (II*"92=
4x23 i of 31 from (II*)
992=
of
from
32x31
(lU*)
41
;

1025=125x41, "c.
8719308035714 of 1 1 is had from
iC'=: 4238552517
,01 9 for 99=9x11,

The Log.

1953125
==

2167442
1I47"

TrC*'=

^C*"=

Series of
or

from

'

'--."

"^^

"^r

1001=27X13X11

the Log. of
^^"444=0250052102873306882090153

29. is got from

Series of 9O005 for iooo"=i

^c^ = 9765625
3x5x23x29
i and 37 is had
rC^ = 406901041666667 from
X 37,
,00 1 for 999=27
JC" =
1907348632^1 "c.
r5-C""= 95367432
Expedients of this kind
iVC"=
49670
I
have
-AC'^^^ 27
usM, both for find^
3C^A/"*Mfr"?ooo3i259769695#i87i947077 ing and provittgthe LOMfpX"'i^o253
ritnmi of all Primes under
"?1i*Z?^79*'^^*9875403723o
Z-Xr{444- 0246926125903715010143076 1
and
above.
1
|C*i=

0003125

00,

"04o82a9945.SK:)a5".i295""4577i

=^

b
3

=
Jto4
TT7

"m

many

"07696.i04ii.36i28.32498^2i70
=

2,07131.
1"5
"03922,0713
J 328 1.29626.92009

.=

.0253

i.78o79,8
i4289.87540i27230
"$704.t

8232.i5567.93954"6262i,i7iSo.
\ ^\^
=
7^t-^
10=95

tl=|*S=^

3ai-2b;-h20t^:

.-

2a-^b+- ac^--2d=H=t==

ii=9rio=5a+3^r4c-l-4d=f=Log.2=
*2=

9 -r

13"

I ^

"
"

**^^b"*lr*^
.

Log.3
Log. 8

=
"

-"

=
-zz.

""^^'*"^^

^-.^^.,

r.3".yf"

:i-

.28768.20724.5178a9t743.92
19a

.69314,71805.59945.30941.72321
1.09861.22886.68109.69139.52452
2.07944.15416.79835.92825.16964

2.30258.50929.94045.68401.79914-

54684-36420.76ou.oi488.62877.2976o,33327.9cx"96.75726
lUe

Reciprocalwtercof

It

.43429.44819^3251.82705.11289-*

I89i6i6o5o8"22943.97oo5*80366"6566i,i4453.783ij6.i36

Shafl

^alt here ofier One of the Three Eit^HMlitilt^,

whereby theft
iirft
Primes, together With many others, were cottiputedto the
Exaftneis of 82 t"hces^ which was
bv Six Seriesj
(whereof jOdi

Fra^ajBS
of theieTea
the'Loprithniit
made % the followingOj^atlons beinglht"posMto be per"*
were
fbrm'd by Lx^rithms.
the

wks

lowed:) whence

V*y

100a

iy"S

V ^^ l0ooooo^
-

1008
"OQo

425

1008
43ac=j6Xa7
10000
10000^432=101127
^o^""
\

icooD_256=i6Xi6
9975

1000

3875"12X17x19

'.

4?"^^_8i

3*75^125X31

255

locoitf
lOTOio

.\io^^

100000

^'^

"

100000
louow

,
I

999yt~

looo

J.

^*^

256_^2il21=^25X625
'^77824=64x64x19

^55

"'^ ^

loooooo

IS^il^
3876^^^jj^562p::i25Xi2$
^
^^^
"995'^3875^"550*=H8"""yx*9
"5504

'

5875=^25x31

^^

^^J^joooooT" 99875"^-

"425=25x17

9996

^-'4^5

255=15x17

g=
tQOQ^39"9

992

r0

,
f

1000

iboo*

9997 5=^7? X3"X43

1 ^*^^3*75'~*39"*"^
999998"" 3961:15128X3

"

1000000

\
^' "^^

"

^^^)iooo"

^^^^iproooo

lOoS
.

"

128
Uz

^^

99875=125X17X47

1000008=72X17X19x43

soooDOo

v5) 999,5:2:14X42X17 W.iooooo

99^9^8=62X127X127

"/; 9975t=rt5X3SXi9

v5^

99x2")iR3t

"

^78125 10000^65525=15x7x625
s

^^^^

77824

9975

^**/^

65536=256x256
"8

.128 ^656^5 _2i

iOo8_^25
25^^16
f^^^
/j3,xE!_!22!=2i
ii?544i"?l=^
(^3^i2;x2i=!"
{j^

128

21

125

125

65536

"c.
IS+if^ll^^
It renttins

to

immediately
by

v"^20

20

as

1000

ia the former

Exemplify b
this method

II*

Series,w;t.92=A, ioo="B^

by

which

rithm

of

the
Take

24

^'"^''r25^24

15

v*^

Operations.
making "rWs
the Three

Logarithni*

Nombers

in the

io8=E,and--^=^=,o8=Ci

multiplyingthe Reciprocalof the HypetbolickLoga^

and dividing the
10
t^, 43429448AC'=N continaally,

tefpeftiTeiPowers by their proper Indices, the followingSeriet

arc

made#

OlNs3^H29f

^^

"1

"

Logatitbrn
f MtlttfScatteiC
Of mdlai^

38

'tts evidenti that

Hence
Series for 1 08
after the firft
CiH743"c*C* tli^27l9A!iA6U^ioiii697
S"7747344^493^
xNsaaaj
C X27794fcc*C"
and 91 is Compos'd, with
Cxa2235Msc-C^xNn778"70"9757?7i95
how much
eale all the o-

58^0057$thers

xN=t4*3096i
xx77897*CiC*

labour

with little more

even

Cx

derivM*

thence

are

in*
: Have
tranfcribing
ftanc'd in the next higher"
^
te==*'*xN=
C xV829("
i. e. making C:::.oo8)hence
Cx466j20i492=C**xN= 373056119
29844489 the Log"* of ioo8=:i44"" 7*
C X 3730561i9=C""x N=
than

Cx

Cx 09844489= C"^"N:s=
C " X N
C X 2387559 =
C X 191005 =C'*xN
Cx
15180 ssC'^xN

2387559
=
=:=

Cxi222gC'^xN
,C xN

74"959"578i54978

got

are

1249,

O347435S"S5"6oi40"i2

*C"

of 992=32x31,
are ob*
.0008
0=
tain'd. Putting
i$"8o the
Logarithmsof 10008 s
1222
8 ^
and of 9992=
98 72x139,
and

191005

6476668738
made
33954193

,VC*-vN=
TVC'"xNr=
.,4C*'xN=:

183658
ioi8

tVC'^xN^

2i6
X

be put

Logarithms

the

00008,

2846192316601x5 of xoooo8=
fC*x N =
t30l"6487589 of
4C^xNr=:
99992=8
N =
iC*

; if C

29

463^ and

431,

are

if C be .000008,
the Logarithmsof iooco68t
of
X 17 X 19 X 43, and
=72
^ and

8 X49 X 2551, are

that the Loga^
found :
4C"xN*43429*c.* X389742342090405848 rithms of Ten
Primes
are
4447*75494689299
4C-*x N =
obtamed from thb One Se"*
N
999992

034817964070697216507

fc=V^'||=

iC*

18974615444008
91078x54131 ries,viz.. 3, 23, %

jC^x

So

"jVC" xN =
"""xN=
","*xN
"

466320x49

2487040
=

13643

tVC'*xN=:

76

y-4-8t"= 0013942085837475x4194

1249,

4*3" 43^

2551.

Many

are

none

2846x92317

4C'xN

X30112

*CixN=_6
"^

Z=:y'm
"^fP% N

X=

!t8*

Six, or

leaft,ufeful
not

be

garithms
Loduced*
de-

So that, though
labour in railingthe

be Coamay
tage
fiderable,yet the advan-

gaining fo many
Logarithms thence^ with fo
444717549469
makes abundant

4C^xN

X89746X5
jtC"xN.=
911

Z+-X

than

with,

firft Series

00347442997^g39iS2xx

iC*xN

Z"

the

met

of

0000x3897423420904058

=
"

at

may

,C=:.oo"xJ*=oo3474355855226oxA62i
74XX959X578155
JC"xN=:
jC^ xNr=

have

fewer

whence

.O362X2I7265444473070X

43f^and

other Senes
proUfickas this %

as

^g===i'5#=.0334237554869497023i3
Four

Z+X'A^^^

3^1 ^39^

^^

""H^=

great eafe,

Compenfation.

0034605 3 2 X09500486X 5 8

00^488327845*2x344264

tflt'^-99"="-9Wii^72i54i78655736
Lof. 92 =s i*9"37878273455S5^9299

Shan

0/ mfifa^hoganthm JyMvItifUcation*
*fi

39
"00922857604310697464^13217

1900) N"4342 ftcrr

1900) 22S576 "Cr=

i2"^03i8o5826x82348c
^33174^34^453591
1900) 633174 accrr
3332498077081
Ji9a))335249"*"-= 1753^*3$^
ace

1900J120303

1900) 1 75394

"c=:

923

120

486
1900)923130lfc!=
I
00022857604310697464613217
3} 6391 8cc=
2110582115484530
5; 17539 "cp
35078927*

7)486=
""!

Zr=

1 =

6j

"""MN"Mpl

^f}^!n ,00022^^57606421279930887087
2)iao3"c.-ooooooo6bi
5 15902913091 1746
833x345192^70
4)33324fcc,=

2=

X!=

3=

v^|4i*aff'-ooooooo6oi5i598622"5584865
fiH^=.O0O2286362i58ii42i8647i952

X=

4^=

1900=3

.27"7536oo95282896i536i3347

5=4-3=

1899=3

.278524964737017539^71^13

^=

.95424250943932487459005J81

9=
^

7=15-6^=211

.32428245529769266508155814

8=:i-2*Z-X^4|$4^=.00022851591261417675302222
9=4-f-8= 1901=3 .278982116865443 i3828935"69
19000) 4342"c.:^ 0000228576043106974646132^

211058211548A

FB(

J50f
P

.!

Z=i/TrSvig=^

000022857^0433180^28580314
60151590201309117

00000000060151590374621569

X=:

2=

3"i-V^Zi-X*Wi^
4=

5*4-3=18999=
6=

00002285820584770703201883
4-27875360095282896153633347
4 .27873074274698125450431464

19000=

95424250943932487459005581

9=

7rr5-6=2iii=

8=i-2"Z-X:=

ill

"32448823330765637991425883

00002285700281589953958745

9=4''t-8:ri9ooi
=:4 #27877645795564486107592092
190000)4342^3=
00000228576043106974646132
21 105821 ij
3)=
1

Z=v^4|J5J4=^ooooo228576o43io9o8522
QOOO0000000601515902913091
8331

2)

4)
2

3=
4=

CO

0000000000C601

x=
"

l-XffJ||5|oQ000228576644624988i49669

190000=

5=4-3"i89999=
6=27x31.^37=
7r=:5.6=r227=

.27875360095282896153623347

.2787513x5x8638271165483678
"92272545799325999"55X7"78i

2
2

q56o25857t93X22720iQ3Q489:[

;fIl4-i=ooooo22857544i593 182306825

Z-X=

5 15902921422

190000=

.27875360C95282896153633347

190001

.27875588670724489335940172
$45O98o400i425683g7"22i6it6

.43365784669298806264718546

7rr=^
27143=

Tlic

fy MukipHemm.
Of mMng LogMrttims
Nambers
to find convenient
by whkh Logarithms

40
The

way
be made

withOat any other Divifion tlian

hf the Indices of
If the Predion be intended to beginwith an Unit
the Powers.
take fuch a Prodad: of the Number
and Cyphers foUowingt
propofedas begins,with an Unit ( and Cyphers if it may be ) iixb^
from that fuccefllvely
trad foch Prodnds
as
begin with the fiimc
le($th^n thjitwhich immediately
Mows
or the next
the
l^igure;
Fador
from
the former9
thjis
Unit or Cyphets^
always
iiibtrading
Bmltiply*d
by lo, lOo, "c. till a convenient Number befoood.
If it be delTgn^d
fiich
to cooSSi as mncfa as maj be of nines^chode
of
the
Nomber
is
die
Fa"as
neareft
as begms with^or
a
propofed
add fuch Produds to that fucceflively,
nine, but lefs,
as will
to
may

foUowingFiguresas

the

make

Eaak

lUnk

forft^ila4noo4.
Tubt.

as

ninest"c.
poflible
lUak

Ex. gr*
"aak4

te3{7ia4"xo^8

251x3*7^3

2fT

V1T\

8"ao5tf

9a22"9

aixi94fl'iooi49

39"97"9
8"2oo8

X2$$

5=

near

38-97^

39"ioc"23
"o8"

20^6

398*99898 28zt39"389a"
1000244

5X797P"3985"iooo2]{

3*9P'99975

Ofcs
6 X 23 z

1506

.0"r=

"

2887"398406"999999Q^

5"5PXI3

'"00*

^1004=4x251
Rtoki*

^ooU9=aiXi9H25l

tank

"0QI4t

2^ 99898=2x199x251

"
v

Jj
I

***

"000016
of
(iplicadoii

39x257

,-5

"oba3

lOOOO

1000244=28x1
J\
y

.00102
of
TheFDwen
Raiifed
tie
I
\jSxSk

999984=48x83x251
10023

^5

1000

/
V.100000

19|

i9pc?3B9ici=99999S'

39X257

^00244

toooooo

10000127=1*7x233x257

"ooooi^$7

looooooo

Tho' this Method

of
confined,not adniittiag
f^ great varietyas the other, yet at the beginningof th^ Table
'tis moft Q"mmodious
where the other is deficient,
aqd Expediand
well
an4
affi"rdsexto
1000
or
performs
upwards,
tious,
cellQptExpedientsfor many great Primes \ but where it faiU,tbere
the other becomes

feem

render

convenient, and

performswith

greater
Exaftnefs than before : So that both together

more

l^e.Expeditionand

to be more

this Art, Fix.. Loiaritbmcte^hni^,

molj;compktt*

The

Vfi ofthe Tahk ofLogarithms

in pag. 28.

29.

"5JSZ
^

S- 2

"Sum

Tit

"neVfe ofthe

'42

TMe

of Logmtbas

isIP iii III

I III mil

in pag. ii. 29.

"
I

^"a^

fid's

s-ISSISa
t^

U"

1=1?

If

S,

1?'

"3

S
2

'
ji

"

l5

4 ?""!!
t5

il"

iB

s^u

t-O

0.0,

tieTUgtrntMl
0/ Confiru^hi

"4

Definitions.
Chord

J^

Subtenfe is

ar

Right-Linecoa"

of an Arc, aa
of the Arcs F "0
and
F 0 is the Chord
Iv^arf1.
A Sine ( ss s ) is half the Chord,
F D O.
or
a
Right-Line drawn from one end of an
Arc falling
the Diameter
that terminates in
on
perpendicularly
the other end, F R is the Sine of the Arcs F E^ F D.
The
Radius ( ri r ) is the Semidiameter,or Sine of 90*
"c.
i.ooo.
thfe greatcftof all Sines. The
is
Co-fine ( = c s)
that part of
the Radius
which
is interceptedbetwixt the Center and the
Sine, or the Sine of the Complement, /" r. the difference of the
Arc from a Quadrant or 90^, as C R=sF W
is the Go-fine of the
Arc FE, or the Sine of its Complement FB, and alfo of its
F A ^ E ^ is the
Supplement or Difference from a Seimicircle

ne"iag

the Extremities

"

double

of the Co-fine of the Axi

of

of the Arcs
any

Arc

iSE,fo Eo', ES", E^, Ew, are the

D7, D^, Dft,Dh, The Vcrfcd

le^

double
Sine

of F D"

Co-fines

(=

") of

above

the
the Excefs of the Radius
of
Verfed
Sine
the
R
the
C
is
C"
E R"E
Arc greater then 90* is the
Sine of an

90"*,is

than

Co-fine of the Arc, as

A Veried
Arc F B
of the Radius and
Sum
Veried

/8 or the Chord t"fits Supplement

Sine
from the Center
drawn
with the Tdngentjwhich

the Co-fine, as D
The
Secant of an

through

one

R=D

Gf

Arc is a
end of the Arc

C R

is the

Right-Line
tillit meet

Circle
which
cuts the other end of
at the Extremity of that Diameter
of the Arc
lb
C H is the Sceofxtjand E H the Tsn^ent
the Arc,
The
F E.
CQ-ftcam or dt^tMigwt of an Arc are the Secant or
Tangent of the Complement of that Arc to 90, lb C I is the
of the Arc F ".
Co-fttmt^and B I the CQ-^t^gtnt
A

Mitbod
jtrck

thi
#/ comfitting

immediately
prem
J

is

Right-Line touching

NiUand

the

the

Sin*^ Tangentor Secant efany

of the
length

Arch

beinggiven.

obtainM from the Pro*

any Arch is readily
the Diameter
of the Circle to its Circum**
ftrence exhibited by Fen Cenlen fipce prolonged and con*
firm'd to 74 placesby Abraham Sharf^which is as 1,00, "c. to

lengthof
THEportion
of

i.i4i5*atf535"9793i3Mitf43383a79502884l97itfp$9937S^^5^the Radius being

^^974944592307816405 z"|-.This Number
i.oooo^ diCf is the juit lengthof the SemichvH or Arch m
i8o^

0idSec4iitSt
Tdi^tnis
fyMr. Sharp.
tU^

45

whence
any left Arch is eafily
got by DiTifion,
jig"
hereof
is
ebo29o8882o8tftff72T
the$961 539484^14 "^
""
part
of
Arch
which
flf
the
i*
the
Minote,
beingmoitiply'4
feDgth
by
Kumber of Minates contaiaM
ia any other Arch (erves readily
to give Its length,hence
by Mr. Nmt"t^% Series publifiied
by
The Sine, Co-fine,Tangent,
Mr. HiUUy in fhi. TrsaifN* 2 1 9.
If the lengthof the Arch be putsA,
C^. of any Arch are iud.
then is the Na^ral
ocs

Sine

A^

A"

'^

""

'

An

352880

399HJ800

"

A"7

_i

___

1307^74368000"'355587428096000 X2164510-

6227020800
A"9

A?

5040

A"y
__

A'

-^

120

A"J

0408832000

"

"A"

r^fin..

-t-^^

""

A'"

A'*

.,

3628800 T^7po.

A'*

A"
__

T"

87I7829120O

01600

""

720^*40320

A"

A"

A*.

A*

I"

U)-unc_i

A'

20922789888000

6402373705728000

2432902008 I 76640000.
Tan"nt-

Tangent

21844

A4-iA

==

"A"

.17

AV62

A""

9295^9

6404582.

A"

^^^38512875 ^10854718875

6081075

i.

r'A-i.-""r-"*

1382 A''

AS

-f^^ +315-^2835+15592$

A'".

A'

A'

"

"a

A'

'+

-L,

T"c^"^'

A'

A"

Co.tangent=j~-A-^^~945
"

A"_
A}*_
4
638512875
18243^25
sAVtfi
Se"i""- as 1 4- I.A*4,
secant
1382

""47*5 ~W5SS
3"S'7
A''_ rf.162820783125

"

540553

x^~

A*"

95800320
879661671

I
*

A"

i-^

'

A*.

J.

^.
^

AV

50511

A*'r

-^^^^ -1-8064+3"S288oo +
A'* 4,3878302429 A** 12404-

199350981
8717829120"

^"
173705728000
-J.*Al
r^frran^

277

"

'4184557977600

^^6402-

'^*

AV

3"

A*.

127

A',

73

Co-ftcantx:^+^+350 +15120 +6048;o +3411440

A'l

A'*

1414477

"653837184000

Let

the Sine and

8191

'37362124800

Co-fine of o*

A'V

118518239
'5335311421440000

05* be foagbt,the lengthof the

Arch of 0" 05' is =5:ODi45444i0433286o798^77=A.

9^

the Natural Sines^

Of ConftruHing

4^

If the Sine and Co^fine.oix9^

the nttm.cfMinut"
55'be required,
drawn into ,60190888, tfr.
contained therein is 1795' which

lengthof

the

make

the Arch

=,522i443J45'549702(J509j

3 2860798077
1880971
aix$39874.8$
30767227628517$

"Q01454441043
A*=

A"

The

n"wen

of the Arth of

29'

55'

A*
A'

aS

nT".
946622
.00

K^ "2726.3470.6107.8527.152^
A*r

2860798077
5423716?

14544410433

x20)\"

.0731.00206837,6958
371
.0388.1082
2854.4101.535
A^x
A** .0202.6485.1272.8468.
215

.00145444104332915035539

^j--6)A^
The Sine

.i423-54^^-7197-2746.43276

A^*

A][*
.0105.8117.7282.7x60.41
A"*.oo5i.2490.i77i.Oyi8.3

51278712714196

of?

A'r .0028.8479.6158.7483.78
odeg.05' ^-00145444053054202321343

A'"^.ooi5.o627.997o.6364

*h^"f'24.00000000000018645466105A"*.ooo7 8649.5552.92159
'^

2)A*=

"

.00000105769937425940486

720)A*

1^25
1O0000105 769937425941801

A'*t=:
A''=

A;y=
K?7
A"^=:

Seriesfor the Sine.

the Pwifs

A=

066.4io7".

2.1442598404

A"^=

Co-finc o dcg. "9999989423008

1 21 9 5 24304
05' or Sine ot 89 deg. 55'
The

4M

X'1196.1312.69
$845-995
3052454

1593.82

The Seriesfor the Co-fiac;

dfdvm im

the

Co^egicims
rftteSerbs.

522x44334554970265095 i-^AS 1.003097070123938x34276

323423523786751280
24
36288o)A"
7949724864276
40320) A"
1 3702633 3608431
622762o8oo)A**
'

"

"

34434763

47900x6oo)A"

355"^87428o9"c)A"3 45
"V
.5224^77^60285x63x5459
6)A"=

023725777866212440546
504o)A^=
2099439937046834
399x68oo)A' "=
19703371838 '

X307674368oo)A'
'^
"

"=

85723366"

2092278988800^'*
j-

1459

1.00309720715x129077831

^^'^*=f,;'363X73530539263
72o)A*

28145626767842807

36288oo)A'"

44705

4150903799x5

87i7829i200)A*'*x284^8o

023727877325852903923

^^6^1?
I-4987398887026634XX536
"36345499q957S58646i4
-

The

Co-fineof 29*

Out

of which

One

of the Sine of

y'

or

the Sine
fubtra^

SubCrafttbeSloeof
There

remains

the Sine of

the Sine of

of

6bdeg.
05

'

.86675x7080553422x^217

de^05i00x4544405305
lS?2xI

89deg.55'=
29^* 55'=
30 deg. 05'=

9999989423008x2x^
49873988"7026634ii536
501259053598148783707

Since thefe Series Ck)nvergethe fwifteft near

the beginning
tnd end of the Quadrant, for raifing
a Table, no
than the
more
firftand lafl:thirtyDegrees need be
the
ate
calculated, intermediobtained from them by Subtraftiononly a^ above.
are
'

Tab.

i"

-"

"

"

"

Tangentsand Secants^
lyMr. Sharp.
Jib.t.

Powers divided
oftbefe
ofthe Arthofodeg.Tab- 1. 7te Qjj^tkfies
tbe
the
Co-^kients
"/ two Seriesfarthe
by
.ooo29bS88"c =5 a.

The Towers

oi' ==^

Sine Md

*f 3437-74^77"^7S493925a6ic4

(7 ) 4230797497037619435
371 5
(11) 410229701713563896291

(15)2983274576823297572500

(10)24613782102813833777464

3. a

a*

5 a*

Co-fine.

.00029088820866572x59615395

t a, .000290888208665721596
1 5395
"a*
% a, (7)8461594994075^3^^707429
ja^
4

47

(14)7159^5^9843759141740070
a"
(19) 173559S795220235353125
I 85 542642824237546
fi7;2o827

^ a*

7 a^
8 a*
^ **

72o)Vf24) 841442040839998045744
(11)60583826940479859293603
(^4)17623120892830270901942
5040)a^ (28) 349665097079965692499
r32) 1271418171531460744273
40320)4*
( g)5i26358o676i48497209095

362880)4^(37)410933949313148628950
(nJH9ii97"52"^75537447U ':,
..,

3^"8-\-)a"*(40ii9535840395"3224oi6i4
^^^'"(3043377i65762767O273O969
'(46)31610514985488239849
"(383126179060457273697238399i6-l-)a*

iia"

47yo|-)a'"(5i)
76626050659413521550
'(41)367040008675401318839
6ii7J-)a'
^55) 171458573949581802801
*3*' '(45)106767610^322384037456
14a '\49)3
35625198168980720354
10574^900033 10804620 87i7-r)a'^C6o;
i2a"

^(53)903424279655122726604i307^-|-)i'Hj65)69oS633385824097
io6ii-t-)a*
'(69)125602499370660678801.
^'^*'!t5"?J26279547037399856i429

15*'

'(74)21491932968x581817614
355681-)**
X7a'^(6o)76444io,622558i5i3279
*^"* *(^3}2223668836582273969S7
,64oi3f"'*f79)3473i943788i7388o4o6
531742784843x80879995
3920658678 1
ipa '(67)6468390445
iii^4-j-)a'\84)
*

a43i54-)a""(89)773388530769775
2oa***(70)i88i5785096io56798222
.Tab. 3.

The

Far*
oftbe Coefficient
Logarithms
Senes oftbe Sine and Co*
two
of the DiviforSf
fine^viz. of tbe Heeiprocals

Logmthms ofihejeTab.

Qu^tiefiP.
X

"T

3.536273S827928158479613
96.4637261172071841520387

4. The

Bions

which

of the

are

to

be Med

to

the

oftbe
Logarithm

Powers*

^1*92.6264222387503871088637
Ja" 88.61 30^710 1 2379088236073

99.6989700043360188047863

a^j

99.2218787496163563674912
98.6197S87582883939770638
97.9208187599523751722775
15397687
97.1426675035^873
96.2975694635544747090565
95-3944794765625311234155

84.4746932271171305852186

""

"

a*

14

10
80.23944933998829593247

18364520009
7^.91502420681

7101

71-543652294^47637733274

yo4o

67. 1042884 1 42200043 397249

4o9

20

6261377202198786^6171735
58.0774981391950477692023
261
53.49983x5712440068805008
So
}
48.8843764424035662048170
479ooi"0O'
44.2341592073039135876492*6,,
7^, pgpO
t

XSeO
I

99

94440236967X232062488252

93.4402569671232062488252
92.3988442819649812080750

91. 3196630359173563803525

902057196836105196111460

89-0595916479322815852201
39"'"1i7572888328597i3762Jj,,,7";".ioo
.87 8855003888766003431388
34-839392i469843626237i94',j.7674i"i"o

86#67038o4c622c6755622838
3ox)9899828i53562i994903""io#il7i9^c.
4489314848424016337436
85
i5,33227'"4773"545322i840i6,,"l,4""c.
2o.540729o894684i030o6365'"4..}7,7"c.
\^i936589797j9o955"J9398
""82,9i490'i5787862"6"pa4O35
....4,...
IV72"70I60572276549"3"9
8i fii3875383ia2285407"8?"
*""
lo.8883977272659684479"539a4jIi'".i
in the precedingTable,
the Operation
A littleto facilitate
Minatc, and their Quotients,
of the Arch of one
riie Powers

being

Of CmftruSiy^the Natural Sines^

41

of
the re^MctiFe
G"-effitieatsof each Member
for
the Sine and Go-fine,and the Lo^ithiM
both the Series
of
and
that
fo
Powers
of
the
the
thofe Quotients
Co-efficients,
of Minutes
Nnmber
contained in zny Arch beingmniti^iedre*
Ibedivelyby thole Qpotiehts, produce the fereral Members of
tne Series,whereby the Sine and Go-fine are
Gompofed.
Thefe Tables
need no Explicationt
each Table and Number
needful having a proper Title perfixM,
as fiiras
only the fmall
Figures in thele two Tables, enclofed in a Parenthefis denote
of Cyphers that mnft precede the Srft Figure of
the Number
the following
Number.
The lift of the Firft Table is principally
to compoft the Se^

beiagdivided b^

cond, though therebyin the Tangent, Go-tangent,Secant,and

Co-ftcant of i' may be ealilymade from their proper Series but
from the 2d to 23 Figures: Bat
the Sine and Go-fine moft readily
above :
the chiefDefi^n and Ufe of the Second Table is exprefi'd
Shan exemplify
in making the Sine and Go-line of^^ 37 which
be as Troublefom
and
beingfo very near 4^ o muft neceflarily
Laborious as any that need be pro];)os'd.
The
of Minutes contained in 44* 37' are 2^77, caH
Number
this Number
hereof muft be raifed,which
(fince
4, the Powers
with much more
i(s confiftsonly of Four Figures)is performed
of
the
Arch
Eale and Expedition
than the Powers
can be, which

mift confift of ib many Places as

intended in the Sine, a due
are
muft be kept of the
Account
of Figuresevery Power
Number
need
extends to, tho' no more
be

in any,
exprefled

than

are

re-

Ottired in the Sine, fewer will

luiEce in moft j the reafbn is,
that after Multiplicationwith
the

reipedlve Numbers,

t^iofewhich
^ower in the

anfwer
Second

the

Powers of S677 1=
of Miauut
Namber

The

44

=:

2^77
( 7 ) 7166^29
fii) 191842^2733

(14) 51356271336241
(i") 137480718367117157
(21) 3"^9035936^8772689389

(24J 9S523220230168432"607
(28; 26374666o5f6i6o89476a
(3O 706049810308842715294

(ame

of Cyphers preceding
Number
the firftFigureof eacn
Produa
determined
i in
may be rightly
of
the
the adjoyningfmall Table
of
of
the
2tf
Number
powers
77
by
Figures in each is exprefs'd
iball Figuresbefore it,enclosed
in a Parenthefis.

w'a.

(4)
=

viz.

Table, the

i^* 37

a bdag the
coocaia'ais

I (35) ^89009534219677 194S84

; (38J 50597852310^75850705
135450450635496505234
C4j) 36260085635x22413

(42)
,

^
^

C45) 97068249245222700
C52) 25985170922946117

"

(55) 69562300954526755

(59)
(62)
{66)
C69)

"
"
"

186218279655268
498506334637152
133450145782366

357246040259393
The

and Secants^
Tangents^
hy Mr. iSharp;
Tfe P"mm

of 26jj

dram

the

into

Nnmbers
re/j^Sive

The Series for the Sine.

The

49

in Table

iK

Series for tlieCo-fine

1877"^*A*,7787o;734598i367i29042i-\*^)A'**
".oi532098586378468i6232
i2a)A^

"

2^%6ii403^7);956y2439 40320)A'r=:

33533220691 184292
4790oi6oo)A' *
103790330922}
20922789888ooo)A 16
737199

3^2880)/^' m 2901598369620122
6227020800)^" 1^:62171025743
3$5^^7.42So96o90)/V'^::^4002i9

+"

j- "78i094 1^^78295038675 59

I 01

28

AcOA***

24329

'?3^^^9290545004^74

6)A*
.0786995437855323009621
.303 19286796148 io625Qtf"
5040U'
720) A*
344501313064126849
3098809096025457906
399"68oo)A'
36288oo)A'*
15994241686980
225934135157361
2)A*

=::

'

1307674368000JA'^

87i7829i200)A'^

179522015
"
^ 709

3458075622

6402^7^7 /SccQA'^

1216451"C.A

17:^1

0787339955163408346174
,3035^25714648429333269
7023601432666095521385C^/i^f44i.377118217678257020713705
*
Jwtf o/'^5
or tikif
44^4.37
dcg.23
".

"

Taenneof

'

confidcrable part of the Labour both in raifing

the Powers and multiply
in
ibc
Tabic
Numbers
Second
the
t
licm
in
tliis
iiig
by
Method, or by
Ibc Co-efiittents
of ihc TiVo Scriesin the former,may
be faved, in worlc^
fcr which the Third and Fourth Tables
ing by the Logarithms,
may be
the Powers afccnd high,as in the
when
clpecially
VeryIcrviccable,
ceding
preof the Logaritlim
ih the Third and
Example. The Charadlerifticks
A

Fourth Tables confiftof Two

Figures,

Jtc S'eHesf9rthe Tgngenu

The Serle$for tbe Oi

iA^tni,

rA=i74048in5.8|4

5I7477"38
57i047"^
ITT
6308902
irJirfA'* 897090
tVA"

A'*

+[A'
yfr^^

3i"534370488j
8213930763
,

T7nA^

^2239^0260

TTTlV^

77025

6167059

rr^-J+rfrrA.*
'

A'^
A*'
,

A
Jfc

4-A^'

85ir

i 76229
"

A*

rriTiYir

940
ir6

'

470a

A'^-l-

r4"tt""f^9"te"5."'5754"
264016

"

1^

17729599069861

Ce^xmg.Df 29drg. 55
"737S8326879i6i
xht Tjvg.of 60 deg.05*
"

#r

Ateho* the Seriesfor the TansemStiecam comrcrgc io flowthat except near the beginning
of the Quadfant C where

Ty,

lie Seriesfor the

make

and
firfl,
fine

them

the Sin: and

'\-4A:=:^o8702405575932
lJ,-A":= 276800741772
TTfr?A^

Co-

the

7957245427

222190727
;rTVrIv,y

fix)m thence deduce

by thcfe known

Proportions,
as

of 29 dcgi55'

i79S^C**''-^03437"7"c.:'in
9 15 1791:5^4902*

theyare of excellentVfe)'twere
betterto

Cojccam

-jTrrwA'.

^mrH^^J^A''..

6155014
170146

iTrrrrrfr^^A**

^:^^'
\

4700

TfoCO'fecMft
of 29deg, 5 5'-g2.oo505
3 1 803 277';
fb is the

to

lladius:

or

Secint

if6(}d"g'
05'

to

fill

5"

the Natural Sines^

0/ ConfirvBijig

fo the Radius :

to

and the

the

{^J^'J^
}.Yet

Scries
for the O^tdn^ent

the Two

Cs-fecdnt
of much quicker
are
Difpatcb^as in the inftanceof (he

TMZ^nt and
Arch of 29

Qhungentand Ghftcum of 2^ ifjf.

^5'. The
dig.55*ot 1795'= "*S2214433455497 ftc s

bcfote,and need

of the
be feen

Powers

may

of
To obtain A multiplythe Number
tepeatcd.
Minutes, viz..1795 by ^'^ reciprocal
of ,6002908"c. =3437,74677, to:TJtfVitrfed
Sine of4"jr ^r^io under 90 dcg.1/ ^Af difference
ofthe Radius and
the Q- fine
ofthefM Arch ; the Sum ofthe Radius and the Sine ofany Arch is
the Verfed
Sine ef an Arch fomuch exceeding
90 dec. fo that the Series forthe
Sine and

be

not

Ghfine
way

be

the
thefinding

d to
ea/Sy
apply

which isJoplain
and obviotu as^ needs
immediately^
The

I.

Figure!"

Sine of

Co- fine tR
i.

CR

Arc

an

fR

^rr'^^ss:

e.

in

no

being given to

find its

therefore ^ CFq^FRq

CFq^FRq=CRqj

The Sine of an Arc FR

of half the Arc. CR
is found

Sine ofar^ Arch

P^erjed
Illujfratioh.

ex.

being given,to find Ef^ the Sine

2.

ER ; then
confeqiiently
;
EF^ therefore i j^SS-j-rr

i^

by

^FRq^ERq

and

: =
F", but i f " =
Arc.
i
find the Sines of the double, triple,
3- To
quadruple,quintuple,
"c. of any Arc whofe Sine is givenfiicceffively.
Let the
Chords DiS, ^y^ y^^ S^^"i be all equal,draw the Chords Dy^

1=

B^, Da, Dw,

E$, "", "3^,B,

and

Jladius

Bi

extended, draw

the

OS, and irake ^^

D", 5^9 D^^ ")t ^ Ih and 0\
t=
"/S,y/ut. "^, S^TT "3^,e^
Eg, w(T t=i Efiythen are the
Triangles"c^, D/S7,D"C, D^^,!"""""S^ jEq^a^,
JSS^Tr,
E6^,
all
Ifofceles
the
and -/Equiangular,
la
iSiij,
E0\ Eyju^^
Triangles
=

==

nrhich

the
all their parts are niolt diftinguifhabie,
being latrgeft,
the Angles EX^S, E/Jt^y
are
equal,the Angles "D/S, Ey" be*
ing fubtended by the iame diagonal")S do both togethermake
two
rightAngles,fo alfodo the AnglesED"^ $D\ therefore the
but /Sa ^
AngresEy0,"DX are cfqual,
Ey. and D"
"y by
therefore the TrianglesEy0^ MD
are equal,cociConftruftiori,
=i=
Dhtn
may be prov'd B/Jt^
fequently
Eyi in the fame manner
EK y-rr="a, ^^ = En likewife S^^= D/S, eO ri D", w = DS^.
=

Therefore

QS

E8

: :

D0

D"

i-c-Radius

to

double the Co-

of the Arc : to the Choid

of
fine of an Arc : : fo is the Chord
and
laft
the
the
two
double
Terms, : : \ D" :
Arc,
halving

^Dy

Co is the Sine of the Arc

again i) C(2: E^
s arc
\s
s litre:
arc

; :

^-^^

'

: :

(3)ck
s

k^ arcy

to

the Sine of twice

iD":fDCi-e.

Dy:D^i:

i arc^

T^(irc

r:

the

Arc,

ir^-rc::

:\ D^ : i D0 i.e. r : 2 ex
4) (/S : f /8 : : i Da : i Dk^
E0:

e"-

the
Of ConftmBing

52

^MQ^'i but becaufe

^4"

GK

=r

^,

Natural Sines^

iGKq

A/j^, therefore CITh

that is,if.
-MPy
Arc left then 30^ the Sine of itsaefefl:
raultito the Sine of an
of
wiH
Sum
be
the
the
Sine
Arc
^^
added,
an
as.
pliedby V3
much exceeding30^. The Sineof 1 1^ b min s="i 90808995375544

^3

and

(i.e.?^) -YGKx^i

r"

2.0508075688773
produces3 3049087453Sineof
^9**
o
min.=,325568154457 155
3349,
of
the
gle
Sine
41*'o min. In the Trianmakes ,656059028990504
h ^, but becaufe eg z^ah^
c aq^
zr:) /^eg^r^ ahq^zie
" ha^ (^
h (ji.t,ek^kh)g''
q^nd egx ^iz=:e
eg ^l^"el r=zkh
3 e^q-rzeh
of
if
the
Sine
Arc
tiplied
^a zzifn^that is,
au
greater than 60"^be mulby V3? 2iJ^dout of the Produft the Sine of an Arc wanting
by V3~h73
multiplied
which added

to the

the remainder
of 90"*be fubtrafted,

isthe Sine of an Arc

ifthe Sine of 83''
=,9925461 5164and
from
"c.
the
Produft fiTi9ibedrawrfinto-y/3=i,732
1321
Sine
the
of
67'^=,92050485
4636349973 T,
3452439 be taken,there
of
Sine
53"*o min.
remains ,798635510047292the
60^ to find all the reft by AcWi-i
5. Having aU the Sines under
allabove
to find the Sines of the firft
30**
30*,
tion onily,or
having

fo much
fomuch

or

exceeding30* Ex.Gr.

diate
havingthe Sines of the firftand laft30**to find all the interme( by
by Subtraftion only. In the TriangleiWQfi, MK^QG

4) thereforeZMA['MK:=zSG^ that is,ifto the Sine of

aay Arc

2Mit{s

be added, the Sum is

then 60'*the Sine of the defeftKM
**
60**,
the Sine of an Arc fo much exceeding
ex. gr. Sine 41
=6560min.
S
ine
19"*
1
makesSiae
o
=
325568154457 55,
590289905C6 -I-

In the Triangle
ffe4,
79**omin.crSjSi627i8344766i.
f^=r^ A ( by
4) thereforeeg"e i" ( i.e. A /")=j5^ the Sine of the Arc B ;?,that
of an Arc exceeding
60^ fubtraft the Sine of the
is,from the Sii^e
ill
remain
the
Sine
of an Arc wantingfo much
there
^y
Excefs,and
of 60^ ejt;^r.Sine67^",920504853452439---Sine7'*=,i
8693434.
continued
=
Bifedion
53*^
a
798635510047292. By
05i47t=:S
Sineof
littlelefs
the
Arc
o^
then
feciDind
i min.
a
)
a^n
( byt|;ie
may
he found, and from that by Propprtionthe Sine of o* i mia But

the Sine of o^ i min. may be obtained from the lengthof its Ar? by
leftlabour and
th^ Series in the other Method with incomparably
greater accuracy, frona which

(by the third)the

Sines aikl Q"-

finesofall Arcs under 30^ beiiig

computed, the reft ^re had

( by

ihe 5) by Subtradionjor havingthe firftso^.made(by the tkird)

all to 60^ may be got (by4*^)and all the reft by Addkioa
( by
obtained
laft
reftabove
ttc
30**
the
3c?
being
(bv
5th)-^ or
third^
and
firft
the
made
30^
Su
by otrafticHi
(by fijfth.)
are
(byfourth)
The Sinesbcmg made

OVFy CEH,
CFJty
emgls

the Taments "

CBlm

Secants

aire
thus obtained. The

then CR
ifcquiangular,

7ri-

RF:: CE : EHj i.a

(^C,i.e.)WFxCBi Bl^
:

and (f ", i.c.)CtV :

Gh/he : Sine : : R^liw : Tangent,
Bad: : QhtMng^iCB
:CF: : CEiCH^ i. e. C^fineiRdd::
i. t.Sint:Cihfineix
l^. Sine: Rod ; : Rnd :^Qhfecant.
iW:5if4w,andCtV:Qr'*CB:"3i
A. M
-

;
" f

(53)
' "

""

ill

AN

EASY

Quadratureof
from

V 3

the CIRCLE,

V ^^" Cmmnunicated by Mr. HALLEXt

in the Umverfitj
ofOxford.
ofGeometry
^

"

ProfeJJdr

a Iqiiare
bare been tbe Attempts in all Ages (o es^hibit
all
which
is
or
one, to find
Equal to the Ana of a Qrckt
th of the Diameter to (be Circtimfereace : This Arcbimen

MAoy

Years fince Ihewed to be nearlya 7 to 22 ; and

the Area to the ctrcnmfcrib^d Squareas 11 to 14,
confeqciently
thod
Numbers : thoughbis Mecontentinghimfelf in fmall and integer
been once made
capable of extreme Exadnefik as has
were
of
Ceulen. This
Ludolff^an
the moft elaborate Calculus
dcs near

looo

appear by
Gentleman iyftbe continual Bifedion of an Arch performedbf
Me*
Extradion or the Square Root ( Analogous to Mr. Briggs^s
fo far
tbod for making the firftLogarithm) carried his Work
allureus, that the Diameter being i , the Circumference was
as to
"

the laft Fin

3.i4i5.9265.3$89.7932.384^.2tf43.3832.7p50.288"ff
this
gure

upon

beingnot
as

an

And
le" than the Truth.
that it (lands
Performance,

was

Unite

fo valuable a

lookM

Engrarenon hit

\t
Memory thereof. However
htm
unlefi
thaCr
by
fo,
really
whether it were
be queftioned,
liii|ht
moft lovem
And
it
throughout.
had takcQ the painsto examine

Tomb-Scone

to

perpetuate the

of thefe Matters have chofen rather

to

take it upon

Credit,tha"

that TrouUe.
abortive Eflayt
Now
fince his time, as there have been many
by thofe that knew not enough ta
towards a perfedQjiadrature,
thereof : So very much has been done towards
fee tbe impofllbiUty
from that of Ar^
far difiering
the Caknlus by Methods
facilitating
and of infinite
the Dodrine of Fluxions^

givethem(elves

ibim^.

And

particularly

of Curve*

be calledthe Geometry
wfajchmay not improperly
Series,
Sir Ifaac
Neman
"
Vnes c bc^h invented by the moft Uluftrious
ic
them
Amongft
doth a"R"rd os many Solutions of this Problem.
be

improper to

may

not

with

the leaft Work,

TzsV.V
Fluxion

^^^

Fluxion

of tbe Arch

of all performsic
Tangent of 30 Degrees

producethat,which

derived

from

the

of the Tangent of
"

felf,as

the

an

Arch, beingto

Squareof

the

the Secant to the

as is thus demonftrated.
Sqoare of tt^eK^adius^

Let

from^12.
^f '^^ Circle^
^4y Qj^^^^^^F^

^^

54

Let C be the Center of

CR
Circle,

RT

the

jf
Riditi$=r,

its

Tangent

its Secant.

==

Draw

near
infinitely

R any

I, and CAT
the Line Csf

to C

T, and

Line TP

will be the Fluxion

Tangent

itand

Arch,

p"rrc"

the

the
of the

the Arch x:*ir.

the Center C, and Radios
With
littleArch
C P draw the infinitely

fpondentFluxioA of

ob

^P.Now

dTx

jiai:

fynitia
Trian"ula
TPiQ^Pii CT\ C jf,and again,QJP :
^CA.
Wherefore tx 4i\m TPi
Ck
As
::C
T^z
rr^-tt,

Ci;^:cbatis.
vided

by

+ Jll
iDg

r r

"c.

istor

to^. If thereforer r V bedi-

r.asr

wiB be
^ the Qiioticnt

==

the Arch

^f

--r

+!lL

it fclf,
trfc.t

"

il- +21

"

"c.

Now

the Radios

1 V-^^^J^f^^Po^cr-

W^

"

'^^

'

'

^ is thf Cnbe

_LL
7r*
30^

thereof, and

yf

'cisobvions,
that the Arch

Whence

"

being^nity,and the Tangent of

that ^

^ ^, 'tisevident

Degrees

flow-J

^ri

jrr

^*
"

or
Arclv. \^ integral

the fluxion of the

will be
Qiiantity

7^*^ Ppwc?, ift.in in^mn.

cf 30 gr. is

V -^

v**

-^

~V

93

^
1S9 ^ 3
189 i 7^9
^3
45
9
^c* Six times this Arch is the Semi-circomfererioeof the Circle,
whofe
Radius is Unity, or the whole Circumference,
when cbq

4$

Diameter is Unity. Therefore ^/mot^

~

4"-7-1

Divide the

*'^-

1*

^^1

fquareRoot

quote by

of

add

the

c^'c.in

by

L-J-J-

"

the faid CircoiQference.

^en^eth? Rule

to

1 2

"

feveral
fucceffivelf,
ffis. the firft

by
continually

Quotients againby allthe Odd

3, the fecdod

j^i "^i'^

3,

and

Numbers
5, the third by 7, 6c. Then

the

|^ the ^

12

of the fecond Qjiote,^ of the fourth, -i- of thp fixthJ

and from
infimtum^

the Sum

fabftraA -^ of the firft

Qpoce^
3

1 of: the third,

"

dcr ihallbe the

of the fifth."rr. in

Circnmferencefought,

-^-^

the Remain-!
hfinitHnt^znA

Aa

(
Example of tbis Procefs
being 3 4"54i,oi5i,5i38

An
12

55

take

as

Root
the (qnare
follows,

of

"

This Work
js more

in
beingto be per^Ai*d

than fuffiaentto
to truly,as not to

Earth
and the

tbanh^lf an hours time

ocbibit the Circumference of the Globe of the
in the wholes
err the l^eadtb of a Grain of Sand
littlemore

of the
famous
the
double
continue it to
all
is
Which
a
Cndtn.
de^eeof Exadhiefi far futpalTmi^
umber of Fan
Grains
of
of
Sand
Number
the
to give
belief; for it is more than (iiflicient
of the fis'dStars,itbefne
the Sphere
within
be
that may
comprehended
of 1 2000
5280 k 8000 x 1 00000 x ioooqo" whicli
x
greater than the Cube
So
confiflsbut of 65 Places,taking all the Dimenfions with the moii
of
Archimtie
Grcnlijand the Artnarius
that here y"u have the Dimenfio
is true. And all
Fan CeuUns Number
that
it
Hence
apnears ,
both in one.
Work
their
Grch
by tbis Rule,
to fquare
df the
future SjMorers
may pleafe
the
Uiemfelves by obtrudingtheir falfe rcafoningbn
aixl not opoie
*^

Compendium of this Method

to
IncomparablelAx.SHARP

has

temptedthe readyPen

8Dft

Worli

The

%A
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x5
O

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jt^

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every
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*Iht Odd Fawers

divided

bjf

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41

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7

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The Arch of 22| Degrees "3926.99o8.i698.7^i^548a78

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the Odd Powers
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not

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third part

other Method

is ftill
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yet

reqnirM.

the Qpadratnre of
obtaining

the Circle

be

that of Mr. HaBey^s

expcftcdcqoalling
by ^i 1 in Facility
and
Exadnefs,yet the Three
d
educed
from
the
ratnc
preceeding
Prin*
ciplcsmay perhapsexceed any other yet difcover'd,
and fcrve for a
Confirmationas far theyextend.

can

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ERRATA

f^rOi ficmtEJuhiKfShsrviu'sMaihtnulbiMl'fshbt.

Nam

Diff.Log.
49

"8wo

lis

99lgl
"

30971

9"

JI4

7rt7
"oo7

4"

97"i8

4"

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9693
"8"o

Nat. Sine

348

"''J8830
: mi
"

Log. Sec.

"

8"
1"

Loe. ftoe

"

Dif.L.T"n.

36149

4"40J
4Iai7

(he

41407

Ih( miD.

dcg.

41)44
4J057
anfwerin?
have carefully
examined the Logarithms
Mall
Numbers
from I to ioiooo,witE
o allthe common
thcDiffi
and the Proportional
Parts; and alio
Differences,
X

4WII

444^8
45""SJ

4803,

487*4

5397
1099J

T4""iJ

3Jl6
6l9.

54319

o]tS

JOI07

59*9

j;p

9860
9771

4SSt

(187 1

6198+
"37?9

6; 60

oi;6
^8"4
rf49M

o"37

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""S79

47S1

7""7o
7ttti

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7iSlt

10}0
5444
4717

7*M4

7471*

"

the whole L(^;3Hthmick

Canon of J'jm/,
Tdf^mtiand
riiththeirDiferences ; and have colledcd this
StcAnti,
wherein I believe I have not omitted the CnrErrattL,
in the lowcfi
iC^on of any Figure
above Unity
erring
ral
Canon
of Natu1
have
alfo
the
whole
citamined
Place;
Sititt,
7an^ms and Secamt,and do believe the fame,
when thus corrcaed,will
have fewer erroneous
Figures
than even rau Schoeten's,
liz'i;
f rimed at JmfierJam
altho' laid tobewithoutoneFault.
IVilliamGardmrr, Land-Surveyol
Note, It may he nbfeTvtdlhat
great Care hat hern taken
thil Editim,bythe fmall Sur.
thtPreflfor
cerrtfUng
cftiKVErrors;for in the Logarilbmsifthe commi
Numhert,thofe
befo
cnlyare new, that have an jfltrifm
are
them,tberefi Erreri in thefrfiEdition;andtberta
in that Edition,
me
feveralether Emm
thefe
hejides
timed in it'sErrata,that were
earreHed in the printirig
of
Errors pinteAin
fevjer
fethat there are cmflderably
this than in theformtT
Edition
in

her

ESTATES

7I4I4

JijoO
79000
795^7
79i4S
BojM
81118
SToa?

GENTLEMENS

NOBLEMENSand

7479*

35

JJ

6704

9108":

aojo

94047 I
97"6i

3449
9477

Plotted

aNEWMETHOD

of his own Invention,

therto
which far excels in Eraftnefs allother hitherefrom.
and
Books
of
Particularsdrawn
ufed,
I ^M
GARDINER,
Land-Survcyor
By iVILL
Who
be
heard
of
Richard's
withat
Cogep-hnfe
may
at Mr
John Gardintrf. a Peruke-maker,
in iherrard; at Mr- Upton's
juflwithout 'fem}le-iar
Fotvke's
Engh
Mr
near
or
at
an
fireei, Golden-fifuare,
Places
all
which
at
maker, in King-fireet
;
Ifrfimin^tr
I'ecn
be
a Specimen of his fiiirMAPS.
may
N B. He takes Levch
"=(".
and caknUtes Rcveriions,

AFTER

0871

and
Surveyed

The Publifhcrswill
Two

'fen^le-bar,

givea

Book

in Sheets

to

any

Peribn that fhallfind

mcterial Faults in the (aid Tables.

N.
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Jbt

StiO

of the

TABLES^

(I"

USES

"SOME
Of

the

Preceding

CHAP,

Of

I,

Decimal

FraBionSj

of ^neralUfe in aTt parts

Table of Logarithots
befaig
of the Matbenuukh^
caqqot
vfW, be appjy^d wkhout
ibme Knowledge of Decimal
Fradions ^ which, of all
Pradions, are mofl: Natqralt whole Numbers
being nothing elfe
in effed : So th^ Aritbmaick
in whole Fiombers being uA46rlearnt.
ftood9 the Ufe of Decimal Fraftions is very eafily

TH
I.

the Nature

That

imagine a
lo

Foot

of

Decimal

Rule (or any other

equalpart^^each divifion wiU

thofe Tenths

to

be divided

other

will

into

he

may be conceived,
Meafiir?)to be divided into
Fra^on

be ^\
\o

then

imaRiAe every

ciquaL
parts^

divided V^

then

of

the Foot

meafore)
equal parts^^
and
fecond
fii^
DivifioA
will
or
pivifion^
fSsi
every
be-^,
every
ift refp^ to the whole, wiH beti$; fo that if 5 tenths and a
lialf were
be ^xpreft,it's y^.
to
By this means, an Hou^, i
"c.
Fathom, a Founds a Shilling,
may be divided into 10, loo^
1 000,
equal parts, at pleafore.
10000, "c.
IL
for its D"i\ominator aa
A Decimal Fra"ion
hath alwarys.
with Cyphers, visL. 10,. 100, 1000, ioooo,":^r.
ar\d feeing
Um^

(or-

the

tffe of

Denominator

tn

Fri^ion

i"^^

is to^ (hiew into hoir

be quite ojiiittcd^
and

divided, it may
known by this B^ule, vItl. The Penomipato^ of a Dcchnai
^r^"ionis an Unite, ^ithi" many Cyphers as tl^cire
aje places19
th^ Numerator^ and is j^own from whole Numbers
by a point
thus; .4isT%,.34isTiJ" "S^7isTi55" -oo^P is j^^, e^t*
"ferve the fame of mixt Numbers^
for "$78^ is ^7^^, ^7*89.

inany parts

an

Jet

Se"qM,

Umte

is

FraSums.

Of Deciml

righthand

the

Cy]^er$tt

III.

c^

Decimal

att"r

FhidioA

ca^
^^
the Value ^ for ;$ is^ .50 Ut^S^ ^Soooo is t"S8l8"
of them is one bal"
Therefore Decimal Fraftions are ealilyigeduced to a
IV.
Deoomiiiator,by making all their Homerators to coo"|ommoA
be
liftof the fame number of pbcesi ib .3 .45 .o6^ .0089, may
of fisur
writ thus .3000 .4500 .0^70 ^989 ; all which confifting
four
Cyphers,
Denominator is an Unite,and
their
not

places,
vit.

common

loooo

in whole
Addition and Snbtradion are the (ame as
(tt one
bers, the placesof the fame Denomination being
V.

another, it will be

good Guide

to

place Poi^t under

Nato"
under

Point

See three Examples ofeach*

I2I.$

"3

45.5605
.06789

.9375

i .81789 I

9.75

"J.5

89

8.5

3.75

73 "497

75*9375

\ 242.9980 I

30000

Subtra^on!

Addition.

1.25

a.75

15.503

work as in Whole Numbers, and from

In Multiplication,
to the right
the Produft Separatewith a point ib many places
ami
in the Multiplicand
hand as there are decimal placesboth
the
point
then all the placesui)on the left hand of
Multiplier,
Fraction.
whole Numbers, and on the righta decimal
VI.

are

the Itoduft, as ought

be ftparated
by the precedingRule, then placeCyphers at
to
be leen in the Sixth
the left to compleat the Number, as may
and Seventh Examples.
VII. If there

In

VIH.

be

not

decimal
more

decimal

placesin

as

decimal
in the Diviibr ) for there

Fradion) as
than

placesin

in whole Numbers, and from the

pointib many placesto the righthand

Divilion,work

with
Qjiotient(eparate

(for a

fo many

there

are

placesin
muft

the Divifor and Quotient9as

are

vidend
the Di-

be ia many
in the Di*

IX. Another

IX. AMtlier

Of Dedmal Brdfun^l
$
the Valae of the Quotient befbre
^ethodof finding

the DivilioQbegin,viz.. Set theDiviibr under the Dividend, then

will the Unit's place in the Divifor ftand nnder fach a placein
the DiridttMl,
as is at the fiime diitance from Unity with the firft
Fimres of the Qpotlexit,
as in the \^^o-^
ligpificant
^/
^
^
(.347.98
^H"9o.oo
firft
the
and
femples
'^
Unites place in the Diviibr, ^andsunder 8,
the third Figure above Unityin the Dividend; denoting,that ^l
the firft
Figure of the Qpotient, is of die fame Value, and that
here are three Integers and two Decimals in the Qjiote i. In

lailr^AH^S.

.-

'^
refts under a in the Dividend \ (hewing,
that 3 in the Quotient fliadbeof the fame value,vItl. two peaces
below Unity.
X.
Therefor^, if the Divifor be a whole Numbpr, theQtiotient will have die fime number of decimal placesas the Divi*

dend^ as

If the Dividend confifts of fix decimal places,

and
in
the
but of two, there will be .fourdecimal places

Ex.

the Divifor

"

Qpotient, as."v"

3*

If there be more
decimal places in the Dividend, than
in the Divifinrand Quotient, paace Cyphers at the left hand
are
tj^e
of the Qpodent, to coinpleat
Number. ; See die 5thExample,
XL

where

one

Cypher

XIL Annex
hand of tte

is

pi^'d.
of

what number

Cyphers yctiplealeto

the

right

Dividend, putung a
DividefU. Qmtient:
Fraflion bcgms, l"itf#yjr.
point
( 347 9*
f fee Rule 3-) But if the Dividend
S75; ti^^.oo
three decimal
made
have
*e
to
6'^.%) 1348.9000^ J4-79*
than in the Divifor, 6.75; 23.489600 ( 3'4798
"placesmore
( .3479*
there wiH be three decimal places .675) ."ii^%90cio
In the Quotient i which, in moft
.6n{).023489000 ('"034798
vrhere the

cafes is fnlScient,
except it is to
be

afterwards.
multiply'd
XIIL

VulgarFractions

are

die Numerator
value, by dividing

ExdmfU^ What
fee the Work
DecifnMs

of

is the

240)

9.0000

Dedimkls of the fime

by the DenoininaWF.

reduced

of 9 "/^

Decimal

f.0375.

to

(^^

4"

^*

'

'***^
'^

UTes
being well undcfftoodiwill fltakethe fbttowiag

Logarithmsvery

eafie"

Qo

CHAP;

A Number

to fnd
heiitggiven^

P.

us

LegdrithitL

11.

'^^ Logarithmto any Kum^r, cf the Nptober

td
Offin^tfii
Likgarkhm^ekpLondin the {cUawti^
Fraft^kas^
afijr
t. T^fiful
thi L^gmrkhm
under lO#o"
af whoU ifimAtr^
a

the four,Wt
Pages of tbc Table, art placedall ablblnte
in their natural Order, and
from t to ppp,
Numbers
its*Logarithm*, ix^ t}ieLog. of 43 is
ainft tvcry Number

IN

i^33458s,
of the
Index, or CJharafteriftick

Note^ The

ftfcvcfy
togarithm

Camber, imm 100 to 999 being2, it is placedover each Cohunn

of Lo^rithms,
and are to be prefixed
to every Logarithm in the
and the Lo^
fame Column^ fo the Log.of 430 is 2.5334585,
is 2.99955S?" fo of the

6f 999

IL

rej^.

thsf f^nfAs
offimr fluftsl
fatd$kr UgarithmrfjtfyNumier^

T0

Find

die Number
y

j^j

v^^i^w^
\!!!!a\.

iSiJiS??^

in the
iotitled Nmu

propounded
Me)

fir^Gofaima (of theT^**

agaunftwhich

in tlie
at the Uerid o) it

( fignS

ftcoftd Gotama

fomidtheLdg.fougK,when

of
Numbers
V^ t f"^J;?!Z In"tec of all Slbiute
cbnfiffing
??JJI!f'KoolJJfcttfptocesXiaprefix'diasiiaybcifewiii
thde xen0sofficefUeefi
Tfffiithe LegdrUhmef enj/UmAer^
Find the four iirl^
elven by the Uft
Figures0^ the Number

IIL

Column
are
vxt three $rft Fi^
in
which
the4!^-ibu^t,
noto
your Paptf \ then ibek
of
l"j|
thelflua^ber
th^
Figure
givea amongH:the Figures at the
of theft two
liead^ftl^^
Table, and vol the cofmnonq^eeting
Sinestate the four laft Figuresof the Lcffi.fought,which mnft
ho asmtxed to the three befturefound, (oefortf
wluch a proper
is the Log* fought. J^Mjm/r,
Index beingprefix'd)
5423^^bei^g
find
tht
four
I
firu
firft
dolnmo,
ixk
giveiii
5423 (the
Figures^
whkh
in the :n"t Coiiimn toe tnree
common
Figures
jrgahift
"uiL
of
and
1 find
the
laft
Niimbpr
are
the
%
Figure
givenf
'1^34
;
9t the head ot the Table, under whichjana
againft54239 aire
theft four Figures,
viz.. 2957, ^^^^^ bemg )oy^dto the three
v^'x.
figuresbefore .found,
734^ it will ftand thus 7342957 ; before
which the proper Index beingplaced,
the Log. of 54297 is found

firop#and i^sUnftit in

the next

ginres.of

to

be 4.7342957,
Nete^ That when

the four laftFiguresof the Logarithm be^

trith a Cypher,
then prefix
the three common
to them
Figures
follow
that
in
line
iecond
the
the
next
below,
Column)
(in

.thw

Fjcsrthe Logarithm of 54453, infteadof the three

"

"

-^
.

common

Figwes

A^kmber

id fniits Logarithn.
given^
bdn^

^goresaboire,viJL. ^i].take the

three commdn
Figuresin the
fo
of
it
7355
t!ie,Loe. 54453V n6t4.735ozT8i
but 4.735oiii". The fimc is to oe oblerrcd iii all that follow,
in the fame line.

line below, wc

IV"

the Logarithm
find
of

To

NknAeri coH0$H"offix^Uctsl
liyefirii
Fig^es by the laft Prop. amC
d

Find the Log."tfthe

the common
note
bat one^ then
Difference in the laft Coktmn
look that Difierena In the laft Golamn, iign'd
at the^head
and at bottom Vr:
tts.
(whicb ftands for t^ns Froforticn^}
the
of
ixth
Figure the Number ^ten^is a Number^
Ap^inft
wrnch being^dded to the Log. ^ the five pla(;es
fouadf
^beford
is the Log*fought,when the
proper Index, vix^ 5, is prefix'd.
Example^ 54^375 beinggiven"the Log. of 54231^i" found ( by
the laft Prop.) to be 7^42957, and the common
is
Difference.

So9 and
Which

in the laft Column

beingadded

the laft Figure, I find 40^

makes
5.73429979 which is the

againft
5,

to 73439579

Log. of 5423759 which was iou^t

Noto^ Tlmt the Proportional
Part may be found ( withost the
Table of P^rts Proportional
In the laftOdnmn) thus : Multiply
9ot the common
Difference,by the fixth pl"ce,( Which in uii^
is
Example 5 ) then divide It by 10, wiQ eive 40, as before. By
this Proportionis made the Tablesintitied Pts. Pro. in the laS
'

Column.

r
.

"
'

*
.

y.

T^pni the

Find

ofANmAtr
logarithm

offevtmflofoi.
coofjifting

tht ^

five places
by Prop.III. and of the fixth pladf
liythe kft } and for the ieventh place, divide the Part Pro^
by to, (that is,fet it one placefiirtherto the right
portional
than
die laft Figure of the Logarithfli
reaches)
nand,
tiien add it to the Logaridimof the fix placesbefore
found, their Sum is the Logarithmfought
^ fo the Lo^

of 542375^^' ^^^^
grithm
the Mar*^
tf.734}oo3
to

Sum

54*57

40

80

""""M

this Vth

Prop*.

Man

the Part Prot*r-'

tional may be found ( witnotit
the Table in the laft Column )

Noto^ That

5.734Z997

4-7.4^957

i
laft:places,
mulby tiplying
542375a 6.73+3OC3
them by the common

two

"

"

..

*
.

for the

i|.7542957Diff:

tin,

Logarithm.

oee

Hkt
where
is rcpr^fented
of the Illd, IVth, and

'

the
Dmerence^and then dividing

Produflt
two

by ibo)

fo in the laft Example^ 80

52^es 4^ .4/as

mukijply'd^y'tHe

"divided
5S, produces/ftf4o|-theii
be"re/

viJL.
laft Kigtttes,

bv

100

VkA

A VnnAer

its Ltgimthu
t9 find
given^
beii^

find its Logarithm^ *iiil^

from the Log-of the
Logarithm of tlieDenominator
and is always
the
Numerator,the Remainder is the Log. fought)
Logarithmof a Decimal Fra"bioa.
Note^ That the eaCeft and moft ufefiilway to find the U^^
"he Index of the Log-oTyi
rithm of a Fradion, isthis ; fuppofe
Nnmbers from i to lo to be i6 or lOo froni lo to too to be ii
too
ibi from
to bo 12, or
to 10006
or
to toco
102^ from 1000
Vt

Fradion

A
the
traa

beinggivcn^to

being allowed the Index

of the Log. of a
below Unity, muft be 9 of
bat p\ace
99^ if two placesbelov^ Unity,it malt be 8 or 98, if three pkces,
to

be

on

03 and

fo
Numben

upwards.

This

or^,

then the Indeac muft be 7 or 97, if four placesthen 6

the
latter of theie ways is often conveiuent
the Indet
to diftingnilh
of a whole Number, from that of a decimal Fradion, and of*
when
Root of a decimal Fradion is
the Power
ten necel"ry
or

required,as in the next Chapter.

ExsmfAtj The Log. of i is found thust

Ug.

0.47712 1^

From

i^y"

ojSSioSoo

wnich

fubtrad

the Denominator,

The Remainder is the Log. of

Noti^ that the Denominator

vix^
.

.75Xi5f.-p.875otf
13

proper Fradidn is always

of the
the
eater than itsNumerator
; fo the fuppofing Index
"g"of 3 to be 10 or loo, the Index of^theRetisainder will be
Unity) and the reft of the
$ or 99 (that is one placebelow
Log. except the Index, is found in the Table of Logjirithms
to
anfiver to 75, 750, 7500, .00755 .075^ .75, or ai^ other Nnmbfetf
whofe twa fignificant
Figuresare 75, and thole which fellow or
precedeall Cyphers.It was the former of thefe ways, Mr. Briggt
and Mr. Gmntr
made the Charaderifticks of theirTables ofLegM-^
rUhmetUl
tbe
Sinu zryitntigtnts:,
where it may be noted, when
KdU$rdSmt
or Taaginiis a decimal Fradion
only,tjieIndex is
tinder 10 } but where itis a mixt Number, there the Index is 10
of 5 D^ees Is
For Example
Natural Tangent
or more.
: The
the
Artificialis 8.9419518
10874887,
^ and the Natural TaoEent
of 85 Degrees is 11 430052,
the Artificiali^ it. 0580482.It is
needlefs to ufe thefe new
Indices,
given or
except Ibme Term
foughtbe lefs than an Unite.
VIL Tc findthe LogMrkkmof d mhet Number.
Reduce the Number
givenjnto an improper Fradion, then*
fttbtrad the logarithmof the Denominator from the Log.tif
the Numerator,the Remainder is the Logarithmfoueht.
ExmfUy Let 4fr be the mixt Number given\ this,reduced
of

is 4/.
improper Fraftion,
The Logarithm of the Numerator, vit. 579 is i*75$8748
1^ Logarithm of the Denominator, viz^ it^ is 1*0791812
Th$ Logamhm of 4^ eotiaito 4^^^ whoTe Log. is ^^61669^6
to an

If

^
"

"

AnthmtlMk
(^ LogMfithded

"

aoC found estdljul ^

the
take the ncareft that is lefs,and fahtraft it nom
Ttlile,
the
in
fcr
reiaains
look
w
hat
Parts
Proportional
Ipg.ibugHt,
f
or
nearefl;
Namber
its
lefi than
the
common
DifRreiicej
(of
the Remainder,ags^inftwUchis a fizth Figureto be placed a(
before foand \ and ia ca" the
the rkht hand of the fivefigures
be not found exa"Iy"fiibtrad it from the firft
Part Proportional
Remainder, then place a Cypher at the righthand ci the
of 4 decimal Fra^on;^^ laft of
h" Remainder
(in the manner
If the

,Vt*

Logarithm gireiibe

atL,
a^inftthe
is

ieventh

(eiAer lyggeror leis;

Proportional
he placed at the righthsind of the fir

neareft Part

Figure to

Figuresbefore found*
Ex4mpUy

Let

the

be
Log^ithm ^iren

^"7345005,

The' neareft* lels is the Logarithm of 54x37

The Remainder faqd comiaon
DiE is 80^
The

neareft

The.

fecond Remainder

lefs,in the

neareft' in the

4^

Pro. give^ y

Patrs

is
lame Parts Pro.;

40
q6.o

gives 8
Ani^" ^-7343003 is the Lo^garithmof S4i37$8

.The

734*9$7

tf.4

of Parts Pfoportio^iali
tho
Niote^ That without the 't^hlc
Number anlWeriqgto any Logaridmi,not exceeding
9 95(9 999^
the
found,viz^ Find Ckj the fore^ing
C^redioivs)
neareft Log. that is lefstand fUbtrad it from the Log. uvtui
then annex
two
Cyphers to the righthand of the Remamder,
and divide it by the common
the (^tiex^t
piffer^qce,
givestwo
Figuresto be placedon the righth^nd of the NuQ^her anfiiferiqg
may

be thus

the firftfound

to

Logarithm.

rrrr

CH
l.T

\^

A P. IIL

MdiMienHon^

add

AntJwticJu
Of LcgsritHnmcal
the

IL In Z)jv^",fabtraft
theLog.
Multiplicandof the Divifor foom the Log or
X
and Multipliertogether,
their the Dividend, the Remainder ia
Sum is the Log. of the Produd. the Log. of die QjMtieiit.

Lo^.of the

Ex.'hAtA. 8.5 Log- 0.9294189

i^

3-9873444
l4"g.'
2^^589648
by
by 45f Log.
Log.
Produft 85 Log. 1.9294189 Quotient 21.3 Log. t.%l%i^9"^
10

1 0000000

Exsim. 97

Divid.

ni. In the Rnte of Three add the Log. of the ficoad and third
j
Term together,
and frtfm their Sum fubtra^ the Log. of the firft.
the Remainder
is the Log. of the fourth. ExMrnfU^If Four CDs
coft 9I. what

will Twelve

vjt
ps coft? jiiff.

AtUbnetwlL
Of Lfigarul/l/ucal

TheXi9tIof4
Tliei^.^9

o.6Qiafoo

The

of
lAjg.

1.07918U

The
The

Log.of 1 08 2.0334iS7
t4* of 27 143 1 3tf37

Mff^ Thatifthc

Arith. Goin"of
the Log. ofcbefirlt Term
(which
illthis Example is p.3979400
) be

p.j))4H2$

12

^^^r^^
^^^4.^ ^fe.
^^^.
^f^^?*
and

IV.

aU

IS

of

only under the UA take its Complement

with

one

be

Refult will be the

Logarithm.

left hand^ liid take ihit Complement of each Fi-

at the

liie fame
iobtradiiig

If there be two
to

The

Arithmetical

find the Complement

to 9,

^re

third.

lame.

To

B^glh

or

Ltgmthm
Logarithms

mort

take
ihbtra^ted^

Arith.

their

to

from

to, which
lo.ooooooo.

Co. Ar.

ocooooo

100

Go,Ar.
1
7437707
ComplemeBts. Thus the Double Rale
365
of
tf
0.7781512 Leg.
ofThree^inLorsrkhms^m^LyhcViTOVL^t

Ifthe Intereft
Atklition. "amm.
Of loc/.for 3^5 Days, is */. what is the

bj one

3.7

Log. of 5 1 73
Log. of 321

37425

2506^0^0

Itttcrcftof5i73/.fiw:32i,A/!272.9tf47?
"2.435io58=
See the

272.

96^.

Wox1(.

Of Hdijmgof famers hy Logarithms.

the Log. of the Number
givenby the Index of the
Multijjly

V.

Power

the Produd
rcquixid,

will be

the

Log,

of

the

Power

ibaght)lb the Log. of 32:r:t.505i5oox3t==4 51 54500 the Log%

of 32768 which is the cnbe of 32.
the Powers, via. Squaring
VI. In the M"ldplication,or
Railing
or Cubing) "c.
ot any decimal FraAion
by Logarithms^the h^
dox of the Logarithm
moft confift of fo
of the Produft or Power
between
the
many Units^ as the nmnber of Cyphers intercepted
place of Unity^ and the firll:
figmficant
Figure in the Natural
of 9, 99, 99^
"c. only to the Index of the Lo^
Number, wants
of the power, (i.t. the Squareor Cube, c^c.)there will

farithm
Inch
Figure prefaM,
e

Power

or

Number

Example, let

by which

the Cube

as

wants

the

of .009

an

linitof the Index of that

Logarithmwas multipJvM ",for

be required,
the Log of .009 is

the Cube of^oopand

the
7.9542425 H3rr23.8527275=r:.oooooD729
Index of the Logarithm of the Power or Produft is 3, thercfort

Six Cyphers muft precede the firft fignilicant

Figure of the f4ataral Number
is prefixM,
(ince the Index or Number
2
i and
of Cyphers, precedBut when
the Number
was
ing
moltiplyiag
3.

fignificant
Figuresof the Power or Produft,exceeds 10,
'tisneceflary
another
to admit
Figure into the Index of the Ljogarithm,and make it the Compleinent to a Hundred : As fupthe

of the Sine of o*^ 1' be

pofe the 6th Power, or the Cnw"*Cube
required,xt% Logarithm in the Tables is "J.4t5372tfi
\ but in this

Cafe muft be 96.4637261, which

multiDly'dby
6,
^

the Index

of

the

to
the Poif^cr

Of L^drkbmcalJrithmetich
Index being7"
becomes $^S.^92i$66^v9ha"
propasM^

of Cyphers that
trom.99, leaves 21 for the Number
mufl: precedethe firfl:
Figure of the Natural Number or Pbwerf

iubtraded

Here the Figure

15.0000000000000000000006058383.
prcis j^lelsby
cediagthe ladex,as the Refult of the Multipliqition^
Unit than the Number
an
being 6^ the Index of the
multiplying,

ivhich

Power.

for Extradingthe Roots oi

a certain Rule
fuggefts
the Index of
Fradions by the Logarithms
: Viz^ Prefix a Fi^re to
is to be eztradedf
the Logdritbmof the Number, whofe Root
lefs by an Unit than the Index proper to the Root
reqairM,
which
is to be the Divifbr ^ then divide the whole L^garitlnm^
prefix'd,
together with iti Index and Number
by that Indext
the Quotient is the Logarithmof the Root deiired.
VII. This

If the Cubo-cube*Root.or

^x. Cr.

demanded, prefixtf"" i
which

being

Root

058383, whole

*ooooooooooooooooooooctf

i"e. 5 to

divided

by 6,

its Index, it is then

578.7823566^

the

to

Index

proper

whole

is 964637261,

fought,the Quotient

of the Sixth Power

of
is
be
78.7823
s^tft
Lo^.

Natural

firftFigure,becanle

precedingthe

*oqo29o8882, three

the Root
Number
is

Cyphers

of 99.
of an
But when
the Root
Index 96 wants
10 much
there need no Figure be prefixed
to
AblbluteNumber is recjuir'd,
of
is
the
fince
it
that
Index
its Logarithm j
ti;ie
always lupposM,
Index of the Power
(which mufl: be the DivUbr) precedesit. Ejt*
of 6751269, whofe Logarithm is 6.82993854,
Cr. If the Cube-Root
the

be

'tisan
required,

indiiferent

thing,whether

3, the Index

of the

extrafted,be

Root
to
thing:
prefix'dor not, fince that alters noFor 3 j 36.829938J4
("Qpotes 12.2764618,the Logarithm
of 1 89, the Cube-Root
fought.

be

Another Method

VIIL

Multiplythe

Arith.

Raife dhy Tower of 4 Decimal Fraction.

Coifip.of the Log. of theFraftion given by
to

the Index of the Power

required, the
is the Log.
Arith. Com. of the Produd
of the Power

.625 power

gin to

be

Note

fought; Fpr Inftance,the

of .0032 is found in the Mar-

That

Fraftion, as

Cyphers
the

in

as

j6i%

ISotooo

mufl:

Index

of

Units of 9" or 99*

in this
7 ) which

pag- 6 and
JExarapleis one, and in the next
15.
with
being always the feme Number
the Index of the ProdiK^.

mHttiply^d
by

V 2^-7x2^00

fo many

Logarithm wants

7,5051500

2.4948500

.0275879.

precedethe
Its

i"f.

.^^j^

jirith.Com.

iao6qiooo

^^\

"

"

-P^*^*^
"

1.5592812500

itsjir.Co. 8.4407187500
the Log^of.o^^s^^9

*
"

...
.

Again,

Of Lcgaritkmcirjritbmetick.

1 1

fought, the Log. of

(as before)is 7 5051^00, and its Arith. Comp. 2.4948500
"0032
aa-".
Arith.' Comp. is 84.407 1^5, which
^*tf.25=i5.5928i2'5,"1tsr
Tw^rs
to
"oQ0OQ,Q00OQ|0O0Q0"a44ag".wjikh is the 6.25 power

AgaiiifLet

the 6.1% Power

of .0032

be

"

of

.0032.

of

Fraftion, divide the

Arith.
Complement of the Log. Qf the Eraftion given by the
of the Root reqbired,the Arith. Comp. of the Quotient
Index
IX.

Extraft any

To

Root

Decimal

of the Root

is the Log.

fought'.For Inltancc, let the .525 Root

of .0275879 be required,its Log. is 8.4407188, aqd itsAvithp
divided by .525 the Quotient is 2.4948500,*
C5omp.=i.55928i2,
and Its Arith. Comp. is 715051500, the Log.,of .oa3 2, which is
the Root
required.
of ,00000,00000,00000,25538.
Again, Let the tf.25 Root
be requiredits Logarithm is 844071875, and its Aritlj.Compk^
i|.$928i25, divided by tf. 25, the Qiiotient is 2.4948500, aad
the
its Arith. pomp. 7.5051500
Log. of .0032,. the Root rehired.
.

X.

To

find

many
Numbers
as

any

two

from

the Leg. of the

as are
Proportionals
def^r^dbetween

Mean

Log. of th^

given, fubtraft the

greateft,and divide

i?aft
Term

the

Remainder
by a
of Means
defircd^ then

the nuinber
by
{dumber
attd the Quotient to the Log. of the leaft Term
and
from the Leg. of the greateft)continually,
more

one

then

(or fiibtraft it
it wiH give the
Proportionals,
required: Example^
Logarithms of all the Mean
be fought,bctWeen
Mean
lo^
Let Three
^nd
Proportionals
ioa"

"

TheZflf.ofiotf

1.025305^.

The

2.0039090

Leg. of

Divided

100

by 4"0.oa5}O59(O'0ctf
3154.75

kaft
ThtLog.ofth^e

term.

the

Log.QviotYcnt^r^},
(2)

1.0060000

1 00

The

Thetbird^
Term,
Xhe greateft.
If of II
Mean was

'

105.2.025305^ ("i)=5i^-l

between
Mpaa Proportionals,

i.od^and* too,, the

9tfw
.

required,divide the Remainder

by 12, and multipl|i^^'
tl^eQpotient by 99 ^ad add it,to the- lealt term \ or multiplyic^^
it from the greatelb,
it will eive the Log. of thc.'^
by 3,and Iiibtra"^
9th Meim Proportional
required,ind is the umQ with the Ijhii^A^
iBithe foreg6wgEjcaftij^le^
-

'

"

CiO

m$^

mmm

Wiii^MMl*

immm^m^
mmmmm

IV.

CHAP-

Kigh^Unc
Triangle
f^ by Logarithms,

The Refolution
of the Cafesof

THUS

ht

have (hewed the

wc

of the
Ufc ot the Logarithnw
wifl
Chiliads : Now
wc
difw tbe Ufe of the iame, twether
with tbe Logaritbfmof tbe Guieo
of Triangles,
and that in the Refi"of
lution
Trianglei.
Rigbt^Knc

ii.i9xs^4p

log.of l^.jf
tiltfiW of f I gM.

t*s9fV ^71

f*9"^l^^

Che

%49S"

(Un.

^78998"8o

chelineoi

a^oK^r^o

die

)tg(td. 4mia.
hg.rf ayi.ya7g fcrCB

th^
fhfirtfed^

VfSn we jitfTbe
meanThc
wi
Sine,Tangent|"c*
logarithmsoifthe ftimSine.
Tangent,"c, m the iAnnfm

Or you may add tbe Aritfattttieal^

of tbeSne oftbc At^
Complement
to the two
oppmed to tbe givenfide,
other Logarithms,
and tbe Stun (hall
be tbe Logarithm
of the fiderequired.
fliewed in the HU
as
we
mive
IV.
And
it o
Chapter)Frppotipn

Cinon,

to

.WiereiBf this

is

gtmridlyto

hi

be

noted^ that tbe Arithmetical

Complementsof the Sines in

die Canon

Fi^re H.

are to be found in the Columns

of the Secants : For (negleArngthe
Mtti firft
plements
Unit) tbe Secantsof the ComProp.I. Hdving tbe threeAnglesy
of tbe iame Arcbs, whereof
0tfe fUifH
pmt either efwe "her
the Sines are cxprefled
in tbe CanoiH
fdiS.
tbe
Arithmetical Conrotements
are
the Logarithmof the given of the fame Sines. I^ Example:
Add
fide to the Sine of the Angle, op*
The Sine of ^8grad.4 mia
baiK
and fiom
tbe Secant of 61 fft"
poled to the (ide required,
9.789^^80,
gle
the Complement thereof is
the Sum fubtrad the Sine of the An56 mm.
tbe
which (nKle6Hiag
the
oppofcd to the given fide,
laaiooiao,
of the /irftUnit) u the AritbiMtieal
will be the logarithm
remainder
tbe fsde required.
Complement of tbe faid Sine.
For Bcimplc : In the Triai^le

BCE, having the Angle CEB J"o

grad.C"E
51 grad.56min. BC"

3S grad.4
197.3 i ^^

the fide B E
would know the fideC"
min.

and

asiooT.so

a.a9ri".7f

tf1eAr.C0.0fthelhejegr.4ff
^te. of 197*1

the
"g9"^i^."9

iHotx7"^

^
ibs of sipMiL
%$tx"f^

the log.of sf1.9178,asbotire'

But

angle, and tK" Angles h"

Logarithm
^."ww

(hall be the

Remainder
have thf other fide, Ude, the
you would
of the

and
as

laioiro,

in the fermer

Example, the Q|^

ffationwiUtefatrifr,tiii]|i:
the Tangent of the Anrie
Add
to tnc
to the flicrqqyircd,
oppofite

tn
Angle npppfed

Tangent

jhclS fide,
For Example
theUde
BCB.
:

In the

BE

-^

Triangle

being ip7-5"

and CB
2Si-p9 we would know the
pf the giw^Wji w
Loc;aritbiii
LloiBCfi; QBE, and the Btfc
(tom
the Sum fubtrad the Radius,
rithm^
the Remainder fl^U be the logadi^Rai-adiiodfologpf xnM
|t.S9nMi
the fide

required-

jignitf
xo.to^t4*M tfirTanaaatof

""

",JDU"78tllC !" of

9J9I89J9
tbeTai^jS

Mt*9

pr.4 otferQCS^

But if the Angle yKkided be 6b*

of the Dil^
add tbeLc^arsthm
lique,
the
fides
of
to
the given
forcncc
Prop. IL ArMJfs nw /Uri,^Mirf/'J
Tai^entof half the Snm of the An*
tbttoird
stul
and from the Sum
lie Ofibrr
Ji^lts^
unknown,
iva
Sft40X37.59 the log^afa5 J"9t

"*

^W^i

'

fiU.

!;Ug
ubtraft the Logarithm of the

Add

pf Ae fpven fides,the Remainder

jballbe the Tangent of the half of

t^c Sne ^f the Angle gim,

Sum

Logarithmof ^hc fide oppofed their Difference.

and ftom the
For Example : In the Triangle
to an Angle required,
the fide A B being "62"
fubMA
the Logarithmof the
Sum
ABC,
the
3C
fide oppofedto the Angle giiren.
330, and the Angle ABC

to the

(hall be the Sine of the 128

the other fide the
to
opposite

remainder

Ai^e
ABC,

Esampla i

the TriMsle
being800, BC

In

"

the fideAC

1 ?f grad.
?20, and the Angle A BC
the
know
min.
Angles
would
wc
4
B.
fide
A
AC
and
the
B,
B,AC,

The

would

ACB"

know

the

and

i"^ti8.^

"

x^fit.u

fiHH^^
"

a.yoiaf.00the Jog,of 8q".

9^9819.^9 thefineiSgraiip.forBAC.
and

33

the fide A B

grad. 35

you

may

min.

hnd

tt^ lirft
Propofition.

by

H^ivb9gm$

log.of

141

thefomofiha^
tbelog.or8aft,

fideiglfea.

9.IM8S-70the tangent ofr |r^. 37 spia.

Thefe,7 grad,37 min. beinc a4^

dcd to 25 giad.58 min. the half S0n)
the Sum i$
the
for
min.
greater Afi"
32 grad.25

pf the Angles unknown,

^leACB;

^rop.HI*

(iidak
akeot

theDtfT. of the
tbe can. of 15 gr. 58 ID. the half
fum of Che Anj^e unknoivab
4 the iiun*
Ae

t^5

the

ABC,

tfieir Complement

gjvenfidesis88

58 9iin.

the fum.

Having BAC
is
Angle ACB
180 grad. vix^

of the

Sum

",
half
Sum
the
and the Difference 242,
is 25 g^.
d the Anglesunknown

9.89^x3.^9 chefineof iiSgrad.4xidpi".

fhe log.of 310.
%,^^\y"

and

we

fide AG

given.
.for

grad.4mia
Angles BAC,

/Ues^^nd the Imin.

and the lame, 7 S^^wLw

being fubtra^ from 23 ^ad.

hemeentfoem;tofmdthe other j58 ipin. tjip

R^nw**;!^^"^'*
^tJ?^
jlfi^U
ani
tt"oAngUsy

the thirdfide.

to the

'^^'

*"

'-

"

right,two iides,the third m.?y be fQUA4

togatitbmof Iby di" fitltiVy"!/iriM"

If the Angle included

add the Radius

*"
*"
'"'^
for the lafi
min.
Angle C A "
knowing three AmIcs, and
laftlVj
'

21

be

C9"pi

the

14

Cafes
of^H

findTrundle*
folv'd
fyLogsnthna,
A C 800 die baft.
A B %6% the fide.
BC
|xo ifae fidt.

I
'

Pmp. W.W4vlng

the three"jUes;to

film
halffum

fold0ff Mgle.

r^ft

kC' i^H79^

84Z

dif^oTAC 4; log, i.^Ti7S*39

Thcfim^
4"f1717-99
TbediCofAB

the three fidestogether,

and
take half the Sum
2uid the
thereof,
Differences betwixt the fame half
Sum and each fide. This done, add

'

log.x,aa%6o^

179.

Add

Doublod

Radiuf
toaoyxxioo
The Suqi ""...*
^
2$"i6a44.i9i
The firft
Sum fuboafied
4*5SiZd"
The Rttnainder
"

10^148^.10
the Logarithms
of the half Spoi,aiyi
Tul
Ha^ciie Ronaioder
i".ni43.io
of the Difference betwixt the fame
^
"".
ABC
half Sum
and the Baici togetinar. 4qria..fiMf
Add alio the Logarithms
of the Differences
; Or add the Arithmetical
.

Comple*

of the other two fides,

of the Logarithm
and
mcnts
of half die
the the doubled Radius^
Sum, and of the Difierence betwixt
:
together
Then out of this Sum
iubtnA
the the iame half Sum and tbciB^e, tB
firftSum, and half the Remainder the Logarithms
of the two other Differences,
will be the Tangentof halfthe An-^
and half the Sum Ihallbethe

gle rqqiied.

Tangentof half the Angle required.

the Ar."6, of log.841

8.^87^1.^1cbeAr.Ok"fIa^or4i:
1.440041 the log ^ 171^
^71^3-77 the kg. of fu.
TbeSom iatfi48^.xo
7-07^1040

'For

Example:

In

the

Triangle

the fide AB
ABC,
being 562,
800, and BC320, we wchiU
know
the Angle ABC.
i^eSam

AC

mr^^mtmmtttmm

laji 243.1^

is

the

Ttngentsof ^

iWMMMvvi

p.

V.

Th( Refolution
of the Cafesof Spherical
triangles

by Logarithms.
E

Reibhition of the Sphe^ (irom the Sum

fobtraA the Radius^
rical Triangles
is to be done
the Remainder is the G"-Siiieof the
by the Omon "f Triahgles,
Baft required.

TH
which

we

(hall {hew

by 2S Propo-

For Example : In the Re6bngle

of A C B, havingAC, 27
gr. 54 mm,
of Oblique Tri* aqd BC
1 1 grad.20
min. we would-

ficionsfollowing,
whereof
and
liedangle,

an^es

12

of the
and firft

16

are

l^eaangle.
know

Figurem.
tie'Bdje:
theCo-Sineof

one

the

A B.

Go^

of iz gr. |o m.
t
Go-Shie of 17 gr. ^4 m.
Co-Sue of ^gr. omia.
19*9375 ^*9fth"
.forAB requifoL

^^1x9.27

Prop.L Hjtvingthe tm fides

; to find
Add

the "de

^
.42^3121.

fide,to

theCo^Sineof 0c i^cr.f^^c^
ai^

^^

the

S
ACB

Cxfis
df^bmdjtlIHat^ti

hivinz the (kinAC

54liifo.zM
)o miiu

gad.
IcBC

tymA.
AiigieBAC ^

Che

woiUd know

we

Rop.X.HmdHimtftk/Uex, 4aJ
the Mt
tMjH
ptber fiie.
m

the

Add

the gneoF
fiPfot8.07

rf
Taggtnt

Ac |^'
of
Co-'ungent theiiYctt
and
from the Sam fobcraft
Angle,
the Radius,the Remainder k the
Sine of the fide required.
pfikefiiit, For Example: In the Reflangle
ACB, havii^the fideBC 11 ukL

ifiefidei^ gr. U ^*.

Itop.VIIL Hipk^me

the

Ui t9fmi

Mm

tofmithe uhar (AUquejh^i

fide to the

30

and

nun.

grad.30 min.
oftbe fide given fideAC
ttieCoSitt
15 the Sine of the Angle given,
a"d
^3oM*a^
fidiftthe sum fitbtnTa
ia|6i#^ai
theRfldiiu^
the Remaindetis the Co-Sine of the

the

Angle

BAC^i

we

wouU

know

the

Add

""""

ForEnntdee
hwriM

"

Italia.'

"

tf4yoi6^

Araletipquired.
ACB^

"

Tan. of the fide1 1 if. aoQL

cheQh'niLof iteMiJaup.

tbe^iieofx7gnid.
^4Wku
A C

in the

Rc"ngk

tfae"deBC

II

load.

Angle ABC

69

Piron.XI.

Hfvbi^
,"

|o

and

muL

"mL

^s

the

mill. ""t would

fa

lequudL

know

.^

tmt"
ttcAMgU9p6$fii

die

thi mbcr

An^BAC

it; t$ fid

Oblique
Angle.

Add the Radius to the Co-Sne of

the Angle given,and from the Sum
i^p^aiiau dieCo-"ie of u giad.)omiB. fubtrad the Cb-Sioe of the fide
for BAC
given,the Remainder is the Sine of
Quired.
Ae Co-fineof Che fideII gr.Min
the Taa. of the ai^. i$9|r. i"m
..^Ztacg^

r99iiM7

vat

ftop,IX. tUvmg

^jh

0fte

Angle required.

0f the fidis^ For

gm
Angleofpojii

it^

td

findthe Bafi.

Example:

In the Roftai^te
ACB, havingthe fideBC 11 grad.
30 min. and the AngleB AC
23 gr.
the AisjUe
30miin. we would Know
^

Add

the Radius to Ae Sine of the ABC

and from the Siitofob- i9"^l^7V
giircn fide,
ma
the Sine of the Anjgle
given,
Renuinder it the Sme of the 9^9m9-^7
m
^

Bale r^qiined.
I^
ForCxaai|dct

Ihe

Redangle

Ae Kidias added to dieCo-fiae

oftheAnpIe ijend.
"

ACB, havmg the fideBC 11 grad.

Prop.Xn. HMing
Somiti. Md ehe Angle BAC
23
Rtid* 40 laHt

wt

irould krow

Add
the

%"0irh1^

ttrlteilrfjOStid.
fcrA B

to

fo-

^ lir fdts^

B4feitofM the Ohliam

Ai^ts 4d/4cem
Hm9ibefiattt
fiiu.

the

9^09^9^

^^

4mi the

tf"1ladhis
added to tfie9iie of
dbefideugnuL jomift.
dieSiae of die Aiftlex^ ^ad.

t^M^"t)

|om.

die Co-fineof die fiSte

11 grad.
JO min*
unlib
^97tio.(o dieSioeof^iitd.
fiir
A B C reqoired.

the

Tangentof the fide^vca

Co-Taugentof

from the Sum

the Remainder

the

Baie,ana

fubtraA i;he
iGidius,
isthe Co-Siae of the

Ai^fe rec|ukcd.
Toe

^hencMlTtiai^k
if
trom
fubctad the Radius; the

IwrEfiunple: In the Reaangfe other Ai^e

Sum
ACB"Iatmgtlie{ideAC27gpid.

9481111. and the Bale ABjOg^

know tljeAngleU AC
ire would
T4n
^LTi^Sk.^ thbT"^*ofthe fideftrcr.

the

ne

6q

legaii^.

the

mainder
Re-

isthe Co-Sine of the Baie

rcmiired.
tot Bcamplee In the Reaangte

having
of tbe Aag. josr. ACB,
^^j||"o^ih"Co-Tai^.
and
of 13 yad. loxnin. grad.50 min,
I^9ds4a4" 'Ac Co-S
jbr BAC

atid

^ten

gtad.22 min.

at
Angle BAC
the Angle ABC

we

would

know

tbe^afeAB.
Md

the

^ff^fd 0

Bafii m ftd tk At^

tin fdmejUa

of 1*3
the Co-tangent
gf. 30 miiW
of
the
Co^tuBgent
^ gr. %i mim
9.g58K94

imHS^M

19^^^5085 dieCo-fibeof

of
Add
the kadiftv
tb the !Sine
Sum
the
the iide given,
tsom
and
fubtia^^ the Sine of the Bafe, the
Remainder QaW be the Sine of the

361^

forAft

required*

Prop.XVr. Havbig the two CAflufte

either
ofthe fides.
Angles
; to find

Anele^'equired.

Add
the Radius to the Co-Sinc
In
the
Rcftangic
Example
of cither Angle, and from the Sum
the fide BC
1 1 gr^ACB^ hairiqg
fubtraa the Sine of the other Ancle,
Bafe
A
the
B
and
min.
grad.
:;o
35
the Remainder fliallbe the Co-Sne
would know the Angle BAC
we
the Angle,
to
of the fide Oppofite
taken.
19.199^5.^1 the Ha"m a4ded totfaeSineof whofe Co-Sine was
fide II ^d. JO min.
For Example: In thfRe6bngle
of che 0aKe.
theSine
p'i^97^
BAC
For

'V.^00^.53
theSfneori^giad;)dmhL

for

AGB,

havingth* Angle

22

grad.30 hiin.and the Angle ABC

BAC
reqalfed*
(5pgrad. ai min. we would know
the fide BC
Ttop.XlV. nnAHg 9tk ^ik^ fides,
the B4fi; t$fmdthe mbirfidx.
M
the Radhe added to the Co-fine
IMSU9T7
y
3y 7/
ly
^^ 3 ^^
13 grad.30 nain.
iiqiin.
ABC69grad.
dKSfcie
Add the R9diii$to the Co-Sine of 9.971x0.84
Ae Co-fine of 11 gnjd.
30 aaa
9.99118.^1
the Bafe"and firoalthe Sum futn
ftr BC
reqttired.
tiaft the 0)-Sine of the fide given,
the Kematnder is the "k)^Sineof the
FigureIV.
fide required.
the three fides
For example : In the Redbngle Prop.XVII. Having
to find
anj of the Angles.
AGB^ hsTingthe fideBC u giad
36 min;

and the Baie A B :{o grad.

the fide A C
know

and take half

Add the three fides,
betwixt
difference
the Sum, and th?
cheltadiusaddedco(fieC6-Sine
'M^3"o^
and the Bafc.
the feme half Sum
"r the Bafe jofsrad.
Sines of two
the
fide
the
Co-Stoeof
add
the
11 gnd.
!9*99xi9-'a^
This done,
JO min.
alio the Sine of
fidestrgeiher
: Add

we

"""'

would

'

9.94^33.79dicCo^fneef i5t^cli:54miii.half the Sum of the three fiJea,

the
lor AC
required.
and
the
Sine ot the laid Difference,
then out
Prop.XV.
Having ths two Ohli^ doubled Radius, together;
firft
lubtrad
the
Sum,
of thi? Sum
AnglesI t9 findthe Bdfe,
be
and lialfthe Remainder flhall the
tic
Co-Sine of half the Angle required.
Add the Co-Tangentof one An-

of ihe |
givento tbt"0"-Tangenr
St

Ac

The

fMJitytogarithms^
TAdnglis
Cafes
ofSpherical

(hallb6 the Sine of the Ode

Example : In the Triangte
remnred.
SZP^ havingthe fideZS 40 grad.
For Btample ; In die Triii^
P S 70 grad.and P Z 3S gr. 30 inin.
SZP, haringthe Angle SZP
x\k Angle 2 P S.
would khow
vve
130
12 fee SPZ
grad.^initi.
xtg/ajL
TheBafe 2S40. 6
For

34 min.

26 fee and the ude " S

would
know
the fids
40 grad.we
i48T3o^theSmp
i^t^?!!! PS.

fide P S ya o
the Sine 9-9^^9S*5S
fide PZ jiS.ia the Sine 9"794i4 91

The
The

The
The

mainder

Sum
half Sum

74*1 f

the Sine

9.8080^75"he

9.983^^^

tlie Difler. )4.i" the Sine 9"7503^79

The dogbled Radtns
tObOooeoyQ^
...

whidi

is theCoSihe

.ThedouUe whereof

39-7?37M4
i9'9^^^|i
9'9^^i%

4ognd.

xjbgr.3.ia

9.9729841 die RemaindeTjwlddi

'

of is grad"47min"
is for the Angle ZPS
^ignuL

Ang.

19^^9x98.10 the Sum.

9*71899.76 theSinceftheAnlejiyu^t^

....

Sum
Renudnder
Half the Remainder

The
The

Sine of die fide

the Sine of the

^"88391^5

^min.

which arc
Or infteadof the Sines,
tate their Arithmeto be fubtvadted,
tkal Complement^ and add them
and of
to the Sines of half the Som
half
the Sum
the fatd Difference i then
gle
Aiall be the Cb*Sine of half the An-

required.

fs the

StaeofTOgr.wrPSreqairei.

HkvingtPto Angles,nnid
Prop.XX.
fideoppofed
to

Let

of them ; " find

the An^s ghfcn.

one

the fide
heween

hl\ from tbe

Perpendicular

Angleunknown^

upon

his

fide: Then
Add the Co-Sine of the

qppofite

^vcn

Anr

the j^venfide,
to
the Ar.Co. of 7ogrtd"die fide. the
"oa70x.4i
Tangent of the given fide^and
o.2058T-oftheAr.Co.of jSstad.the Hie. ftom the Sum
lubtiaA the Radias,
9.98338.0^
theSineof74gr.if m^lialf fom
Remainder
the
fhMl be the Tangent
the 5ine of Hg"
i y m. the diff"
9"7"oy.79
of the firftArdi*
19.96660,^1 the Sum.
of
^"98330^x5tbehalf Sumis theCcKSte
This Arch'flball
be comprehended
tivr.^ffoin.gndtbQdoafale
between the giiren
Angle adjaccoc
a luad.
34 min. die Angle
dxni the Segthe
unto
fide,
Zr S requaied.
given
ment
of the fidfcwhere the Perpendicular
thee Anfills. Now the feoond Aieb
Prop.XVm.
Hdpbig tire
g^ts; 19 find4fiy rf the fides.
comprehended between the fine
is to
Segment and the other Aiigle,
take
If for the greater
we
be found thus:
Angle
his Complement to iSo grad.the
Add the Sine of the Aicfalbiinl,
turned
into
(hall
be
fides,
to the Tangent of the ^vtn Aii^
Angles
and the fides into Angles,and the adjacent
the given fide^amd
unto
in
be
the
(hall
fabtiad
the Tanoenc
a
s
firom
the
Sum
fiune,
Operation
the former Propoficion.
of the other given An^e, Ae wmainder fkall be the ^ine of the
M
id
iecond Arch.
PropbXK. Having me Angles^
tberfi
one
to
The firftand feouad Arch being
QJ
find
to
A fide
(ffojed
I
imto
gle adjacent

the fide
to theotherAngle. added together,
or elfe
oppofcd

fuboaAed,

you fhallhave the fide required.

For Example: In the Triangle
Add
the Sine of the fide giren
the Sine of the Angle oppofed SZP, havmg the Angle ZPS
to
31
the
and
from
ZSP
fide
the
28,
required,
"0
grad.94,26,
12,
90 grad.
Sum fubtraftthe Sine of the Angle and the fide PZ
jS^td.)omiik
SP.
cppofedto the fide giveuithe Re- we would know the me

foWd byLogarithms. 1 9
Tria^les
Cafes
ofSpherical

The

For Example; In the

G"-Shie of 31 grad.iX^'uSt
the adlacentAngle*
SZP,
having theWinj^lcZPS
;"
"9DQtef 1 the tiageiiK of 38 ^cL 30 nUa.
ZSP
28,
gnd.
grad.
26^
12^
34,
30
the fide oven.
and the fide P Z 38 grad. t^o niitu
7 and a
t9.S3fox.74the canBeqi cs 14jrad.

Triangle

'

j^i04i.tx the

MWMta

would

we

tte Sine of

"W"^.3o

know

the

half
|iini4.7aala

Angle S Z P.

9*993^4^4the Co-fine

of jS gra^.30 m!n'
given fide.
94^%7'S6 the tancsnt of 31 gnid*34, u$^
the actiioenc
Angle.
cbe Sua.
i9*^nM
Iht taqgeac of jogiad.i8, xa, X9.^U2.QO theCo-caneencof^4fr.
|8t50.
^/jSgiSaJii
"
fer P Z R, the firftAngle.
the odier given Angle.
"
9"9$4fiv%6the Sine of 4\2,u i8"fo" the
9.7^91.0? theSnc of 35 gr. "% nUa. and
Angle toundl
f"93l4$*^ the Co-Sine of 30 grad.^, 12^
Now
in tbb Example, adding
die o[i^oIed
Ai^e,
nm
min.
Che Sum.
PR
(the
1^890x^.93
gtad.
71^
34
Co-Mne of 31 grad.34.1^,
Arch) to SR Vi^?A. 52 V min. 9*91Q4^U the the
adhceac Angle.
f"
(the Iccond Arch ) the Sum is 70
9*9^984*7rthe Sine 01 ^f erad. 44, 23, fer
In like maaS 2 R Che fecond Ang
"
grad.for S P required.
Now
in
this
the
fiderequired,
Example,adding
QCr you may find
fellsout of PER
when the Perpendicular
64 grad. 18,50, ( the firik
the Triangle
Angle) to SZR
65 grad. 44, 2^
propounded.
( the fecond Angle ) the Sum is 1 30
for the Angle SZP required.
Prop.XXI. lUvU^ tff9 ^l^h ani grad,9, 1
min.

$Jt9Z^7-^4the

the Arch tcRmd.

tangent of 31 giad.341^
Che adiaoncAdbIa.

the

"

""

"

J,

fide^fed

i$ fmd
ff tbem^f

/" i"f

nnd

the tbird ^ngle.

Let

fallfrom
Perpendicular

Angle unknown,
fide : Then
Add the Co^e

upon

the

like manner
we
may
pendicular
the third Angle, whcp the Per"lla out of the Trianglo

propounded*

bia oppofite

of the giFtn fide

Anthe Tangentof the adjacent

rie,and from the Sum fulHrad the
the Rem^indf r ilullbe the
na^itls,
of tl)efirlt
Co-Tatig^t
A^lc ^ ^

to

foimd.
Tbia

In

XXII.
Prop.
iie ^^e

ind
fidfSy

Having tm
between them

to

pad

eitherej the $tberAngteu

Let

fallfrom the
a nerpendkular
unknown
which you require
^nfle

fide,then
not, upon bis oppofite
G"Add
the
fine
of
the
prehended
comgivenan"by the given fide and gle, to the Tangent of that given
Ibe Perpendicular.
Noiy the iecond (ide which is oppofixlto the angle
and from tlie fum fubcomprehendedby the Por^ required,
jAngl^,
peodicularand the fij^ Hnknown, trad the Radius,tiieremainder fhall

Angle fouqd {hM, be

be the Tangentof the firlt

be found thus :
arch.
This
arch found fhaU be compreAdd die fine of the Angle found,
hended
to the Go-Sine of the givenAngle
between the ^iven
angle^and
oppoSbd to tfa^giyenfide,and from the fcgmcntof the pvcn fidewhero
the Sum fubtra^the Cd-Sine of the the perpendicular
falls.
Now
the iecond ardb is compre-*
Qtbqr Angle g^veo,the Remairuier

IS to

i}uU be

Ai)g{c

the Sine of

the fecond

hended

between

and the

anglerequired.Then

the

iameiegment

Add
The
of
nd lecond
the
Aaa
the firft
ine firft
nrit a
ana
Angle
tne Sine
Mne
ot
the
tint arcn,
arch, to
to
lecona
oemg
Angle bein
Ithe Tangentof the givenangle,and
added t(^ether,
elfe (ubtra"ted,
or
Ifrom the film fubfrafl
the Sine o(
h^re the Ang^crequired.
yoi) il:iali

Cafes
fi"h*d
ofSpiral Triai^ks
lyLogarithms.

The

30

tbc ftoond archyafae

remainder fliall tangent of halfthe Angle ^en, and
be the Tangentof the Anglerequired. "fipmthe Sum fubtiad the Sgiiof
batftbe Sum of the givenfidca^
the
Fmt Example, In the Triangle remainder (hall be the Tangentof
S Z P, baring the fide P Z 3S gr. half the differenceof tbe^Asqgks
ie"
gle
$0 min. P S 70 grad.and the AnZ P S ^t gr. :;4, 26, we would
the Angle P S Z.
know
^9je4ft,i^ the Cb-fineof ji gr. ^4"

quired.
Addalfo the Co-fine of halftlie
differenceof themven
to the
fides,
of halt the
Co-tangent

Ancle gtveo,
and from the Sum fubtrafttheSine
the fide
m.
9y9Q0^f " the Tsm,oifift,yi
of die fides^ven,the
ODpQIcd to
"cne^nj;lrreq. of half the Sum
(hall
be the Tangent of
remaunder
tf'.eTW.ofj*
Gr.randlahalf
iM)"o^74
mitt, die nrftarch feond.
of
the Angles requi*
half the Sum
9,7489^10liioSineof uGr.vaodahalf
red.
arch fimnl
die am
mm.
Then add the balf Diftrenoe of
9"7Wf7.y^ the '^^ of jr Gr- 34" ^% **^
the AMles
found, to the half Sunt
tf^WSlJ^ ^ Sum
of the lame, aod jpou fiuU have the
id.aicb found.
faalfm.m
greater Angle ; KxA the "une half
fir^itn ther^^.of |oGr.a8.aia.lbr difierenoebeingfubtiaded fiom the
^

the^MtlegivoL

"

"I

XSPreguked.
half Sum, ;rou (hall have the kfi
the JingUsniJamwn.
fo/ib
/bi
: A| in ifaelinKr
Angle required
ence
Addtb^ Sing^ of halfthe differEzsmiple.
to the Co* |
of the given
fides,
7"

TbcfidePZ

}8 Gr. JO, o.

ThefidePS

70

Thefom
The halffmn

108 Gr. 30,

ThedifiloftheSUei
ThehalfdiC

ThettaleZPS

...

Thehalf^^
Thefisn

"

.^

Gr.

o" o"

14 Gr. lU
jiGr.|0|

o.

TheSiae

M093M1

TheCo^faio

Mitftff9j|)b"

x5Gr.4f. o.

TheSine

9All^M

TheCojbie

9^ifi/"f.

]i Gr. y^is.
15 Gr. 47,15.

Co-lin|.i'^i^}Ji% The

"

"

"

"

a
0.

"

"^98"iaf8

"

Gku.

x^uI^mu

-Thc/""

"W3"""iiTr

Tan. t^t5,4^
10,7^1^
3719^7^

^lllftheiiimlt
;
.

SoGr.

is^.

ijoCjt.2,1a. ftrSZP.
Thediff. |oGr.",ia. fv2SP.

Thefom

p^

^^11

Andt

This arch (hallbe comprehended

between the angle given,and the
tbc fegmentof the fide wheretfaeper:
betwetf^Jhem
; to find

thirdMf^

'

ptmicularfalls.

Now
the feoond ardi (hall be
Let a perpendicular
falfftom eft" comprehendedbetween the fione
tha of the Anglesunknown, upon
%(nen^ and the end of the (ide rer
'
his oroofitefidc^
th^
quired.Then
Add the Co-(jneof t^ riven anA^ theCo-finecf the fecoodarch
gle,
of theTi4^ firom found,
to the Co-fine of the fide (om
to the Tangent
whde
end the perpendicular
is let wbofe end the pmodicular "Ueth,
firom
the "and from the fum fubda^ dK
Cofiibtraft
toe
^1, and
lum
the remainder (hallbe the fine oftbefirftardifeutidydie le*
firft
mainder (hall be the Co^ne cf the
arch.
^gent of tl)c
For
)fide
required.

?:adiu8,

'

Crfe ifSpherical
Trioj^l
In theTmnfltt
Add the C^m" ofthe Angle9For Eyanmle,
SZP,
Z
of ^hc given
P
the
fide
intn.
38 gr. 30
vcn, to the Tangent
baying
w
hich
is
P S 70 gnd. and the angleZPS
unto the ^me
Jute
adjacent
from
would
the
and
the
fum fiibtraft
know
91 gr,)4"269
we
Angle,
the
t
he
iideZS.
Kadiua, remainder (hallbo
the Taneent of the RtR arch.
Thisfirftarch fliallbe compre*
chei^gtraL
I
oTjiGnd.|oiii.|hended
between the givenAngles
9#30tfDbfatlieTi^i"|f
fhefi"PZ.
of the fiUwhert
and the fcgment
die TWvMt
ofu Gnul. 7 and
i9J^^io%^4
*falls.Now the
abtlfm.lbrFRcbeiurftardi. the perpendicular
iecood arch bet^veenthe fame iej^^
mla. the fim ardi"
ment and the end of the fide
reqm*.
9i9fM4M *e O/ii*rf " Gr. f * and a
(hallbe found thus.
red,
halt in. for KS the ad.arrh.
Add the O-fine
of tlieftrft
arcb
9^1^3^4,44
theO/jWof j8Gr.join, the
o
f
that
found,
given
^0 the Qzfine
s^JoaiS^ the fum.
isoppofed
(Ide
'the
to
which
Angle
the
taZS
at jf/oGr.
%wif,SiSi Che C^fi^i
and firomthe Sum fiibtro^
fide itqoiied.
givei^
the 0"-fioe of the other Gde given,
be the O^fine
d
Vtop.yXVf Hmfwg tm pi"i^ 4uul the remainder fliall
to cm
and lecond
rftbem
9pp0fed
9f"e jingle
; the iecond Arch,the firH
thejinffe
added together,
t" theetherArcb being
eppofed
or elie
tpjiml
fhill
liave
the
fide
lubtradted,
you
reouired.
Add the Sineof the Anglegiven, Por Example.In the Triang^
die fideP Z 38grad.
to the Sine of the fideoppofed
to S Z P^having
and from the 30 mm. SZ 40 grad.
the Angle required,
and the angle
S
fiunfubura" the Sine of the fideopP
Z it grad.
pofed
34, 26, we would
the
the
S.
fideP
mainderknow
to the Angle given, re(hailbe theSue of the angle
of 31 Gr 3 ;,t^gr"
W J04* n the d jRi"
required.
For tKunple.
In theTriangle
ri^^JL/rfaa
SZP,f^..^^-^
Gr
^nOn.
'"'^
"!^"!
theYide
ZS
"

'""'

having
40
^

PS

70

gTad.

and the Angle SZP

grad.
^

gra^:
}, 2,
h
giesPZ
1

we

"

would know

130

*'t"2S2L^"lL^''
7 and half
mhi, for P R rhefirftaich.

r^. of 24 Or.
t|ie
79.83101.74

"

thean'^

of
the Sitte
938391,41

x}o Or. 3,11,the

"

of 4:Gr.

the Sim
9;8o8ai6;7t

to
pofed

the

**

haJfm.fcrPRihefirfttn*.
of 40 Or. the.JU0
9.9842
jT^o the Offint
to Che jtm^ glvea.
tmpcHisd

thcfiUcp- 19.80218.7^the Sum.

of jftGr. 30
tbcC^fifi
UMgierequired. 9-S931^4"44
the other

mitt.

)?^gi^
oC3tGr. fa
Co-fint
"

IM9X^t'2o the Turn.

the Sim" of 70 Gr. the JUtop9,97298,58
I

"

'

"

pofedto

the

^ngU yvcn.

9i7l899i^the Sime of n Gr.

S PZ

34 min. "ot

and a
i the
9.908^.3
"^ ^
^
halfmlo. forS R the fecood
arch.

re^nifed*
Now

in thisSample,P R 34 gr.
a half min. ( the Hrftarch )
thettt
added
to SR
being
of
35 gr. 5aa"d a
I to find
half min. (the feconl ardi) the
is 70 girad.
forP S the fideicr
"i]l fi'omtlieSum

XXV. j4^h$"rv0
Prop.
toatie
Jingle
efpofed

thethirdfidi.

Mttdone 7 and
fidesj

Leta perpendicular
Anglebetween the fidesgiven,
up*
an

biioppofite
then
fide,

t^_.-.T".

quired.

The

93

Cafes
"/SphmcalTriai^eifilv^d
lyLfiprntbrn.
Vkm

tASmt
Eiainplc"

in this

XXVI. H^Kvlng
fit"p.
tmfihf^md$m P Z R 54 md.
iS,50, r the firft
[Angle emfed to om i4 $hcm; t" Aqglt) to SZR
6" graoL
44923^
tbe jingle
between them.
'.find
([tbeieamdAngle) foutyL tfacSuoi
is 130 giad.3,13. fer S Z r tbe Axk*
let t Perpendicular
fallfiromthe
'glereqiurcd.
between the fides given,
up- ."^
Mm
Is to U noted,
Angle
Jfj^^imUM
the Co-fine of that given
Sde which isadjacent
unto the given
the
Tangent of toe
Angle, to
lame Angle, and from the Sum fubthe reminder
trad the jRadius,
fhall
be the G"-tan"nt of the firft
gle
An'

Add

to be found.
This firftApgle (bund

gent to tbeothersit^eni
^ SiAtrJS^
in tbe Cfthat
sore
the} exfireffed
on^
Br

nm:

CAut
CmgleSingwfirfi

"i

the leftUtnd) tboCihunigemsefti

Archs 'or
Ms then49 grduLarg
tbe Aridmettcd dmfUmemstberetf
}
but the C/hUngems
tbe
Ar^bsor
of

At^s

/hallbe

An^grester tbenAKgrdd.
m^io
comprehendedby that given fide
Arhbmencd
tkkenfor
umplemems, if
whigh is adiacent unto the Angle
the Sum be (Atrdled 2 om tbe
from
and by the Perpendicular.
bsni infield
of41$^
lefi
bw the fccond Arch comprehended
and the PcOlKXXVIL
by the Perpendicular
Otmig two AngUs^

SVen,

other juven Hde,is to be found thus,

Add
the Co-fine of the firft
Angle
finjod,
to the Tangent of tbe

4mtbe fidebetween them

eitherof tbeotherfides

^vcn

let

fide which is adjacentunto

and from the Sum
the Angle given^
ftbtrad the Tangent of the other
be
givenfide,the Remainder fiiall
^

the Co-fine of the fecond

tofai

fillfrom
Perpendicular

that

Anglegivenwhich is adjacentunto
the fiderequired,
upon his oppofite
fide. Then

Add the Co-fine di tbe f^ym fide

Angle to

the Tangentof that nvtn

gle
Anwhich IS oppofedto nie fide reThe Sum, or the Differenceof the
quired,
and firom the Sum fiibtn"(
firftand feoond Angle, (hall be the
the Radius ; the reinainder (hallbe
required.
Jknji;le
For Example. In the Trianglethe Co-tangent
of the firftAngle E0

be fbufid.

to

SZP} havingthe
%o

min.

know

fide PZgSgr.
S Z 40 giad.and the Angle

SPZ31 gnia 34,2^,we would

the Angle S Z P.

^""9354^^^^^J

2 1" Gr. ^m.

the fide "diaceBC.

4^788f7-f^. tf" y-**-rfS P Z 31 gr. 34,1^,
Che jingU given.

P 2 R the firftjtmgh/
^
-rdieO-Awof^Gr.
9j6z69i^96
i8.fo. die
hand.
jifijrU
^9QOtfOb5athe Tsngeuo of |8 Or. 30 oUii.
the fideadiacenc
19*^37^^48 die Sum,
9^1381^35te Tarn, of 4oGtad. tiieoOer
givea fide.

"

;^R

be found.

ThisAqglefound

fliall
become

the
prehended^

given fide^mi,
If^ow
Perpendicular. the feoond
Angle IS comprehendedby the Poh
the

oendicular and

the fide Tequiicd.

Then

Add

the Co-fine of the firft

An-

glefound,to the Tangentof the fide

civen. and
firom
and fiom
given,

the Sum
fiibtc^
Sumfiibtiaft
the Co-fine of the icoond Angle
the remainder (hall be the
'fi)und,
Tangent of the fide required.
For Eiample. In tbe Triai^^Ie
SZP, haviiftbeAngle SPZ 31 9.

l^^2^SZP

the feoood y^i"g/Sr.

130 gr" 3^ i^

and tte

f4"

The

d4

Sketl
UfecftbeT hie ofVerfii
ctiei"e;of^5.Qr;4"
a2.ito
9nsm^^
_

Ae T4". of ji Gr. 34* "^-

9"7WyMg

fcoMiil iUKLefooiiiL
ol 31 Gtm^i^
die g-jBit

y 9yHi"at.

fer P A
die firttAngk.
9i9y4tx.a^die Sin" o(6a Gnd. xli^o.the
liritAngle ImiimL

theSom.
I9"a9aa5.7tf
9.^u4f.fo d" Ci-Mfof
*"

|oOnd.if
IbrPSZieqtdnL

'i

ani;

"

.rtM*^

Chap. Vl.

THe Uibof
too

are

the

the

Vfe

rf the TahU

TabkofXHrr/iriiliirf
| It i32;3f 5, tdh^"imMe
to be bereatl

ooaeront

Tie Trmr'ai Ver^iacr

eafilyto
OM^e
"oft ofenil Cales of

S4U7io

^^j*Qo'.20t^64

7kVeriedSineigf57:53'44^51
^fidsfsnghu

(biverome of the
TrimUi,
Spberudt

Oon

b:

tu
fides
theisf.ef^Pts^

Ibewliowby
Iflialliiowpalf

tmiedof:

Sines.
offi^erfed

If jod make

the
the tUfd 1Mb"
the Sine of half the Complement
of the cottOhmd Angk to iSodOi
the JfjilaMfrftri
chit IMi a f^tlr aOght grees, foa will find thesl"rdW
be coUetel aad paUUh'd,bat cfpedallyofthe Veffed
Sines of the dihdfidetail
"f that la^nriootaod aadeat
Student ofthe SomofthetwoindadhKlidesaa
vkkh

akoe

to merit oeir

caoogh

It has beeo a loog time the

7iiU(rtffif""
Defireiof naoy able Me" in
Vocaaad

Sjnara of

his doesfCcCEcd

be dodUed.
dm
nnd rnbtraAed inm
firathereof more than OBce in Us elabo- Verfed
/lae of the (kid Sam.
.and from "hom I had the "mi
Bvt if bifteadofdieleoQndTermbe
ratepierei
offome VacdgoTMca* vhidi did aflift taken into the Propordon*thedodhle of
of thefe.
omch conardi die oompofiag
theReSangle of the fines of tM^conof
fides
an
Too
t.
OiOfaeJjpfethatb, if theLo^ ofdto
tainhgfidest
ffef.
/fjisglg^
fifisl
wkh
the Angk comofe*
UxmSf 2beaddfid to the Lofi of the
the
wiB bnae the
headed, bowg^Ten^tofiod 3d. nde^ other middle TeroMt m
Oe
Je
deCwte
te
Jt
ef $k ^fdki i
Log. ofthe whole diffmioe In the laft
who
CMBtef,
lto.9ilo

hat

MfBetfkefdk skeseftkeemfnkBded
ptaoe; havii" fimnd it,take tfab Na"
Ais
it.midadd
:
tbeSfure efmSheef Coral Sine diat Sands agatnll

iFAf,:

kafjk

temdmi

JUel Ani
msiMiilt

JtsgU,\

T$taft"e

eftheVested Sines eftte^L

be*
ef the Afk ef Viffef^ee

tmereme

tm

ference
iten the Atenril VerfedSiaeof die difof theLeg^ and the Som Is the
Aie 9f Oit 6dc fimghtNmira
Verfed

kukM^fHtu

LetdietwoeODtMningfidm

Bxm.^.

Whfch it dttf^dooUe the Leg. Sine be 38* 30^and 66* 30; nal thecan*
of halfthe AnglegiYcn,and thereto add cdned Anglebe 70* co\
fides,
"he Log* Sines ofthe
oonoinfaig
^7Wi4ff
Th'H'S^^ 3f 10*
nnd from the leftHand ofthe Som^th
7* Af.Sm"9f66* 30'
9^1397^
foreih
1
.0.3010100
Thiior.ifamtlmnher
ont 3 for die Cnie of the J^^iMip
rte /if
.;"mVt5* 00* imUtd is iragf99"4
the Log. of half die differenceof diofe
.

Sines.
Verfei
hdWhidi halfdHfereocedonUeMod
Scar of the difiifnae
ded to the Verfed
ofthe Uff or contahring
fidcsi
^fcsthe
of
fide
fonght.
VerfedSine the

Tbt

two

2("r
vforeft

"""

to' li

s8

to

18

00

iU-

SiM

^nimft3SJ8)5^9t
77009'

Whkh

fJmnfrwm^tleih

FerfdSfnt^^^

UTOfH

oo*

TfanPfftnuums
3004} J
..,"...
dieNaaur. Verfei Shie of 53* 10
"

Inthe Triangle
kt there be given
I^gure5" B ^^
ThlMTfeP. UoffieatUfecoGdcnfafecle
of Places on Eardi. acoordfavs"
the fide BF 77* oo',the fide Difhunes
of a great Cutle, hydietrlM*
^ 1 40* 00% and the conoined Angle d) ewirffy
andl4tit. ghfcni the Dlflancei of Son, by
30; CO (od the fideS ".
JPL52^
Sxmu

Tie l^. Sine 4h* 00'

"

ons, or

Sine ef 77* 00'

Ikejjog.
06' H'
thel^. Sine if^^
"

"

dsMed.

aih tfisi^asiffe"4it/l"

and RiihtafosA*
didr Dediaadons
Ungiaidei and Udtodesgivoft,I7
9*9^^^Z9 means whoeof die Mdiudes of two Snes,
S9bft9"4"" or of the Sun wirii die IXfieiencBof dme ^
^mimnsh bdne oUenred ata"y cUne off
oc foand.
die AMdidn^^c Ltdcnde mj

9"8oto675 baviw

"

39"o8S2030

^'

"

.-

'

V-

"

'"J

"

',*'

'J

Vlt.

P.

..

me^n^i
'

*'

"

V"-.

0/ Ox"fcf,. aria
in,th Vntveriiiy

.A*

'"

*^

'"".

'"

"

*""

".

^^--"

"

"

of Compound

which
Intereft,

But. before
jnetick.^

oto6tHf}6
j; that

we

are

prpceed to

is -a*'* ^- V*f5f "n^

iftftAlL*
"

"

"

""

-^

i^'^^fir raffed

Timt^^^UMthe:

r,

by the

to*

fame

realbn

"
-

a^

not

withour

the

praftical
part}

great

q^ fiCQijnt^
after

Year
the Sirm j^^fdrbdrAVtiinfesr.-ipfe\*fib"di(lre4"one

unity becomes

'"
-

will in another

or

Time

time

be-

i/vibisriMdnXjit'theWuinbec igtf
^:6ric:"tbBadciorb"^
"ndl

stkq hme^ty
amorait

tMr4Kii;trtfM;i^
.^i]l:^te:jm^

amdi!"e.i

.W^tfrfor:^

the Logarithm of .r h;.x.flQdr.tak.ail(Lt^i^l^g

multiply*
Sum Ihall be the Logarithm of t;
which
the
is the $olu^
J

of

tionofltl!fi.t"fcfrnlilllmi.l
'V'l^ 7-;
II. r' is

:;Ij:;T !..:../d h

ifSSJiiPtheequal to !-:;^refoi^
Logarithmof " thg

-: ,,; ^;:^::
r]the Qapt^^is
,.;i,,i
:,.,!
iJ"e,Wgarlth|n^of^j^::.
-

ha^ithmj".'tiaJiG^Jhiii2g|5Eitt3I"iSe2lli
t|ie
4"i
t
bt
Sum
-fintg
wheii"eift1tc'
/
*" '.
"w^itameait to ^Atpag-fjt":^af.
"

t^q gffecfermkii'petn. Log. ar

ffle^FHui'itiai
^aui-

'"

i6

Agato,

the

in aay

time,

in

fi^nd

the

becomes

time

that the Valae

multiplythe LogLog.

of t, the

Value

of any

and

of

r*.

ss

of

by

will be

rsmaiiider

Sum

divide

fubtraft

Log. of

the

of

from th^g*

the remainder

by

the

/,

"

after any

Prodnd

the

payable after

of Money

Tberelbre

of any Sam

v,

r* and

"t,

ip

rrty

rr

Frefcnt worth

and

-?

^and ia the third

"

or

becomes

are

Fortf

becomes

"

Money

maimer

time

ia the fame

of

Rebate

after the "nw

fafe, and

iame

"

]1. 1

the

QnefHons.coaceraing

all

jlblvMwith

V,

Ammitia,

Of Compound Inter ej(and

which
time

any

tlilb

fctm. the
finds the

alCgncd.

iiibltraftt^e Lc^ of
will be the Leg"

(^te

III. Divide

by

Log. of

the

the
r

the Quote
IV. To

of the

afbrelaid difference
fliallbe

to^

Nombcr

the

of

of Years

and

"
"

Sam,payableafter ( dmes,
aaybepurchafedforvatthe.rateoflntcreft

Motr.Tl^b^M

find what

ItaMsthas:
7"'li^'i4S.Mthe-rteorem
jMi

te Pfr

tt;

l^iNott^
of

multiply the Ug.

of r by t 9iid to the ProduA
add the Log. of
be the Log- of t fought
V : the Sara OwU

becanfe
/. and

the

erts
moft

Commodious

the Work

is the

;Ae Two

fame

the
time
to
as

to

be valued

in' Founds

and

and paru of a Year, it wiS

thofe Parts into Decimals
(then
in ivhole Numbers
for
which
porpofe
)
in Years

reduce

decimal Tat"Ics are

A decimal Table

is

Money

annexed.

for

every

and
everjrFarthingin ji.
3 J.

/.

"

'

and
OJ CoK^mitiIiOtrtH

AtamAes,

37

by the precedta^
bejralaed
dtcimal parts of " / nuT
i/r,or at fightthHSj vie. the nrft Figure doablecfis Shill"gSy
abatingone jforevery
jo^n'dzreF^rchia^s,
the Tecoiidand ttiitd
is iZi*
is 6 d. .050 " \t. asd "o'75
Tj"-

The

a5forvo25

kecimal
Tabic cfDaysand

Months

in

of an
Orfsma
be^u with the Dednal
tt"ne. Thit
every
ii
of
Days
Dcdnil
so
"05479^
iacrurrt downwirds, To tbe

of

teir.
10

tvtt

of

31

u^

Diyr,

.057s 34.

from

Days
anyfliews the exaft number
fbHoiiVingTrffr/r
Mcmh
other
of
fam6
the
day
any
Day pn^fed in any Month, to
2ottt
the
from
^or
i, 10th ur
Inltante,
throughoQt the Tear :
The

ofjme
at

the

to

Head

the 1, loth
and

look

is 273 Days. I find7"v

M4rch
that Column, and over agiinrt

oriothofiW-trcA
down

the 1^

15 c^Jivie
aright Une is 273, fbif it was from
of
Number
Days is one more
t eonfidcr, that the.
of March,
is found any number
fame way
then 273, vit"
274 days. The
e Yeai' by Infpeftion.
of Days in any time under
the

in

Tt

"

to

Tin

of CompomdlntetdJf''k^^^

29

alfojifv|^^%3
r^folve-ali"iie!KM$
arc
Lbgarltfim's

Tfie

"

brPrefeht worth' of jAnnoities^

not paid
Let tlfoe-*
to T)e paidfor thnc ior-come.
piiichafed

concerningthe
due,'or

as

fore

Amount

^hofo
yearl7Pefafibri,

be any. Annuity or
for times p^ftare

mounts

fucceffiv^ly,
by
-ij.

rS and

Values
^^lofe.prefeiit

And
goes^befpi's

what

faceefliv^

a*

are

th^ ^ries, "c^ 4r%

ar\

ar^^ ar\

4,

"r,

^"

-r

\_.

ij^ir.
will be

_;,

ranko^

in the uitip of
ProBortioials c6ntulii"id"
InfinlteLy
of
of the whole
all ^jtie?
the ^mn
or
Ctonftquenti,
now
the^faidSum
w
ill
be
to
cncr^afed ty the next
Series,
mean

to

xi

infinites
ereater

"

the Sum

of all the Aatcctdents

y
(by 12.5
) as
puttingjr forthfefaid Sum of the Conequal to. ^ -f ^^\ the Sum of the Antecei**

( or
'Wherefore
J?/"?"?,"/#r/;)
Term

wiU

r
feqjuents
y

be

4ents i-and ry "y

the greatcft.And

*^

from

whereof
which

^r*-i

Sum

fJLLl^

is the

and
greateft

telhe

the Annuity

from the

Wherefore

Sum

to

be

of

fabftraft

Numb,
lealt^their

the

is

^r.^'

be the Sum 6f allthe

will,

therefore-is thus

z.. a

amouni:^
of

to the

r=

wilHic equal to*

1 is the feriateft,
^b that' if we

will call

we

Role"^-^wiH

lame

the difference

"

"

by tHe

Mr'
^"

whereof
Pfbporfioaaisy

mean

whereof

aH the Terms

and therefore

of all our

the Sum

y,

=ar^

to.

terms"

beingr

expreScd

fbcbora t times

Logarithmof

4^'fiibitrad
the Log. of r*" 1" and to the fenqinde^"da the Log. of r*. From
the Number
anfwering tXK this hft Sum^ ifublbi^ the Number
be thcamoanit
i")i0erehceihali
tljie
aofwering to tl^ei"enlai^der^
the

at

rate

r.

"

fought.

^.

amount

Examfle^Wbat
"S fn
to -at;

will

an

^nuity .of34. 4/.forbora

I

'

12

f Ye4rt

J /jf"^
jimnin.
C^^i^
I.

JNuinb.
l.^%h4CC]A
\Remain^erl
'

3 074?
*"*'

573-333 C^^.

1187.7^^1
308 -2S5ifjygilr"

"^^'

it**

"

'

^'^f4.4328"ts: ^
^

The

'

R"le
By ihe foregoing

"

+
thetcforc,;c

r-^=

"

"
^_

Hatoral Nprnber.fow4^
J^ythe^ Remainilepadd ^he
die Siipfi
tber
^mouat
prppofed,and iram.the jUog^of
afore-fbund Remainder, which ffiallbe the tog.of r*. Thi$i
divided;by the Log. of* r' ihall Qpbte iht tin^^f^""(f.
r-^;-c tQthc

Xii^flrad
-

"

will,anf Adouity of- aiwi .tftWlint^tfr

"xaml^^ In .what tiipej
"^^ 43*8 at the r"ite pf 6.fn C^r.
\ -aI
;i
;: r ;
,-.
.

'

';
:

i"5f*iar=:34.4\rt:a;53d5584
3
JLy. r-*"ir=o.odgsfl,7^gi"yi
.

"

:"

'\'V

';

'

T^b

iN?iwkfc*
^7j33je?-(^T
"2.7584Q7%''^\

Remainder

I. 4

^l'^

-*

"

"

6i^4,.J^.S^"c:

li.

"

"

"

,9253059)0.3 1#3237 (12*

411 Tfie iaiiie Equationm

"

rz.

oiWerto

Years

4,

whence

To

the Rule.

*
'

'

"

of

jr.

'

Sum

Log:etthe'amount

"

Example.

Annuity forborn

f Years

12

of 614 /. 4328. how

Log.

the

Log.
i^ and from the Sum lubtrf^^the
isgarithm
tfteLo;tojtheReiftainaef
aniWcx;lng

"

An

much

amounts

is that

ar.5 pr ^Sw*^ ^to the

Anauityii

==2.7884744.O9O253059

^/"r-

=8.778

:-

.:

.,':""(

--.

'0.0300^71 0,303^708
Log.a 1.53(^5
5"tf-0,31^3^38^ i^"?-r'-rr.2,071^$

/.

'"

"

VL

34^4.

rV

"

or

'

Q.^ciSJ\=1,07
Xi"f.

"

'

as not

1585 =

Equationis reduced

in our pxefcntCafe

Which is fo affeded
"

"

"

In orde):to findr, the (kme

"

I2-J

IS 13

;i.5(JC)(^2i7
0^125530

T.

*
"

add the Lo"of r

o!" ^^- ij the Number
X

==

find tvTi'at
Antiutty
6cl5g^

z.

"

"*

16.^614 =

readilyto

to

^'

"

"

""

'

i7,?tfi4r^rK

be refolved by the Gene-*

tal"

6fCompoundhUnfi dni

30

Amkitiet.

nn|efs wc on
finft^api
ral method for Relblation of Eqaations,
wmch
take
the
fome
For
other
it
means.
porpofe
proach by
Exa"neis i$
Rule (which wiQ fafficewhere extream
rottowing
jt

gi-_i

not

demaiided. )

Let

.Z.

~r

4* y.^d

^h,

let -r-

I lav.

near the locraifeof the Rate

that ^bh'\'iky'-^hii
exceeding
1.

orr"

from Log. of the Amount, fubfhaftthe Sum of the

WherefoW
Log** of the Time tod Annuity, and the Remainder divide by

~-^

The

Qiiote fliaHbe the Log. of

-{-p

the Logi

From

of tf,fabftraa the Log. of ^4* i, and to ^ the Number

anadd
To
the
twice
iaid
der
Remainthe
iWerins to
y.
Remainder,
half
and
the Sam ihallbe Log. of
add the toe. of * -|iy^
^kh'{'Zhy, from which SquareRoot fubdad h. the reOdoe
i i add addingi, the rate
willbe very n"r the Incr"le,or r
If extream Ezadnds
be defired let r thus fotmd
r is feond.
"

be $SSfm^dfand

greaterthan
added to
trere true

r*

r---

"

it: and

comparedwith

the
dividing

fliattverify
as
in the aflumed

Excefs

manjr

-."

bjrf

r'-x

; will always be

"^

Figuresin

more

the

Qpote
rate ii

the

r.

Example.

Annuity6f 34. 4/. forWn

'432$"It b requiredwhat rate of
An

12

{ Years

"

2.7884744 L"g. X.
1.0969100

6i^t^

to

amounts

Interelt isallowed..

L"g. t.

1.5365586 L0".

4.

2.6334^86

^/-

0-1550058(,026957$=

!nl\

+V
.^"

."-2=

-^

iii

r+i

sr

*+

0,44444f

zy

0,12808

1,0*404

,12808

"^c.Lor. 9^47^17%

Lijf, 9*7577936
Log. 1940561 II

2jf =;f 0,57252

hM*\'ity
o"S""4435

V- 9-7028055

mm

,059991

1.059991

r"

wherefore

=:r.

I. After

OfCii^inmdlTitm^MnijKiadHtf.

1^

"

19437877.
^"f. 9*97487^
.:"''-"

"

"ft"""4""

C""v/fr.i.f
oaogpo

"

*"

"

i^iX 311210622 sift IJMjJOlt

tarangth" Aamufift.^ts"aiw^nk
ftrnght,
A"i""""

:iL. If the Time

r
.

be

to
"t^driteof intereftgiven,r'wJU beeqiisd

ai^idfcd
Value
by'tht

of the

^^h^ncc tfieRiilc.From

is'by';:^*--^

Ilwerlion,te

L05.of

the

"orthefice^
t.

iabiraff
tfceLAgJ
Armuity,

ffthe

Ji^jrcft9r rw
i^^with what rceigiins.rreck
t^f^lfetjinil
which
will
be
the Value of the Fee j from it fubftraS
Number,
the prefwt worthy the refiduc is the Wlue of the- Rjey^rfiW:
thereof from tne Log. of the Fee,'andthe'relidad
Take thelLog.
of
be
r^
Wherefore
divide that refidueby Log.ofx^
Vill Lo^.
Witt"be t
theQpfitieut

of Years
the ntihilier

Example.

"^

......

Ibfught.

Iti-what

Annuityof Totferjtmumyaj^tlfPsL
/. 3028. allowing
the Creditor 5 frr C^.perJnn^

"^me

Debt of 1321

will

an

1.8450980 Log.jo^zd

Loi" rev.

1.8959593

"

'

"'""^""-

"

i32",^dt8-tag;fe-

::

'"

""";""^"J97i
0,0211893)1.2501587(59.

-."

HeverfisH.

""

ingto

the

Remainder
before.

'

Suta^fttbtnafrrtmthe^Atn"ity-i^'^'llfe'LagJ'rt
taken trom

Logarithm "tf^deavet^i^^^e^
^
-r

"

"

"

rr-

"
^

i"jr- ".

1210643

a,"yr" l"".598970O

c:

_.

Log. fp

?n

7
r.?4fe9?5'
r

""

i^/'3""^4^."".594"""yi

70

.:

934^.

pro^
wiHTbemsri

i^

to .x,.

from the
\"^*cre"Ve'
traathc

Log. of

rvi

ta

-i the

AaAiity "foaghc.

Siiiti
of the Logarif
r4l(a^
ftois
of^x/afld

the Remaindtr.ftim
\[
be tog.of.*.!*
i-'^,

]
0/ Cmfomd

Inter
and AmuitiJesl
eft

31

ExMHfU,
"What Annuityto cdntinae 59 Years

1321.3028/. at the

1.2501687

Log. r' =
jir.

O,

fpr
bejporcluifed

can

of five/"" Cent,fer jimtHm,

rate

Log. -jr=8.7458313
1

~r

23
^05621

Log. Z

3.1 21 0012

3Log^r"

1=

8.6989'yQo

9'974874a
=,9437877 l"g''

1.8199^22
9,974874^

Log,a 1.8450980=70
Annuity,its prcfentworth, and time of G"ntiau"
of Inteto find the Rate
knee beingpropofed. It is required
reft,that is Mj z. and t beinggivehto feek r.
thatt appears at firft
This Prt"blcm beingof more
Difficulty
IV. The

"

fblutionof thisEquation
"=

the
Sight,and requiring
"*^

^^,

"

i"

r*

which it itreduced ; there Ihuft be applied

fomc

to

of approaching
the Root r, which is by no means
evi"
that
Number
And
of
Years and
dtnt :
as the
Approximation
be obtained by one geRate are greateror left,
cannot
properly
neral
Rale ; but rather by two, according
as the Value of the Re"verfion is greater or leflTer.
If the number of Years be great ( as fuppofe
40 or upwards)
Method

ifthe R^te
felpecially
the Rate,
and

tt:

w*'* be

"

i.

Call it

near
the Value tifthe RererCoar
exceeding
"

r*xr-r

Let itbe

be high,i -|- willbe nearly

tntereft

fdlf
accurately

or more

"

"

of

at,

then

-|-j

(hallapproachthe true Rate fuf-

But ifgreateraccuracy
ficiently.

be defitM, by repeating
this
failof your Defire. Hence this Rule : Frooi
Log.of 4, as alio from Log.of x. 4* 4, take Log.of i^ this lat"*
the Log.of the Rate
ter Rdmainder Ihallbe nearly
Multiply
Arithmetical
that Log. by r, and to the
Complimentof cbe

I"rck:efs
you
,

cannot

Produd, add the firltRemainder*

the Sum

The Decimal
taken from the former Rate ihall
givea
"

I.

to
anfwering
more

,.....'""""

corred

Rate.

-?A"

AmAia^

CfCdmptndIittmfMi

94

that Rate^ fedc the Rarerfioa after the Time ^"

lx"e. of 4 take Log. of x,4-jr:
add to z.
From
ven
=?
x^ which
iThe Remainder
fliall
be the tog* oftne Inteitftorr^
i faSr
With

Kate.

cientlynear.

ExMtfte.
he 59
of 70/. f$r Amtm
till. 3028/. is paid for an Aninilty
iTears to come,
of Intertft aUowed
the
the fUce
i demand

Torchai^.
4

Log. 1.84^0980
L0g" 3"I2I0022

X,

4- ^I^^S*3-"4}4^i7
L9".

8,7240958

3.1210022

i.":"$2978

09012419S

002^20

59

"

_^

t Log. 0.021
3787
i.050458ae:

1.050458ri

.322750.

8.^77250 Co.-i4r. ^

%9

lk)g.r" i.2"5i3433 ^'7H09tf """ V

8.7029300 740134^.1^.001520.
yO)0458sr^is
9.9"J4i733
Co. Ar. 0.03571^7

^"^^

^'^4^0980 1311.303

sx.

1.^08247 7^.002

as

^tf ^
Revii^
-

^-v^S^vSd
ir

t+jf2^.

a-Frr

3-if452912
Intereft foog^
8."998otf8
,050096 Log.
1

397.30c

if the munher

of Yedrs be finallf
the aforefiud Ralelrfll a"
it w$
Vail little. In this Ode
be r"q[aii2te
to approach the
Hate

thus.

llLl

Let

be

the

Indei

of

Root

of

Which

"~Y

Root

*" *

^^^^

the

Unity, and

take

Hifirooi

fiy,that

remafaider call jr, and let

H- b^i/h

k^zky

ioffici^

will be ItiQ nearer

the
of Years is unaller } and the Error tiiatb
ivillbe always in Excels. Hence the Rule : Diride the Logaritfan

tatlyequal to r the
Truth, as the Number

JL
6f t!LL by L:"
take

Unity

is from
of what

the

fca^tjand

from the Number

ud

Double

Quote

Rate

to
anTweriiig

the Quote

and fubtraftit irafflk ; that

of fix divided by r*^ 1 : To the Loearitfcin
the

remains, add

fwering to haU'the Sum

Remainder,

the

Log.

of thoft

'Willleave the Rate ibught*

ot

h.

Then

the

Nnmoer

Logarithm^(aken from

an-"
i

^b

Of Chmpand htenft and

An

fi"r 220/.

/.

20

i demand

Log.

20

""=:

of

Annnlty

Amnm^

f^

the

AmttnMs^

continue

to

of Intereft allowed

rate

l^g"2*3424227

Vt.\

"!

^t"

ot

"

XgZ32493''

55220

Years^is iol"|

the Purchafer.

tf

1.9010300

"

4X

2^1

35

IOg"

H"#a8o8:^"5tf(o.o2$52p7
2ys:o*t2io8
"

Log.9477i2i3

g?

Log,9;25Ztf5g9

-2

Jf

0.17892

l8772978o:"

^ 02$itf8
s+"^;;^s:;r

7lr# Rn^i

The
the

Rate

true

Rate

i.o"S8a2

P^?tf48j"*

fought.

alwa|s fiune ihuillmatter

of
being i"otf8i4;bat iS the Nnmber
thns found

too

big^

Years

arc^

is

be
fewer, the Error becomes infenfible. If greater Ezadnefs
required,'twin be eafyby the generalMethod for the Refok^
f ion of Equation^ having to near
an
Approximation to proIe-"
this

pkafe. Bat this ieems aban^

dantly fafficiMt 6r Ufe^ which ia our prii^ipdlDellign in thii

cnte

enqniry as

far

as

yoQ

Place.

tafityyBy

of

way

Corollaryto th^ fmaer^

fiod the kate of Intereft allowed

r;tK^faxmkwniBf

Let it be

the Porchafer when

reqoiredto

he pays

Som

to
wbcveiotK
Ims almaily" Tens
ai; ^
A" for ExaoipK
I baT"
" oartaia Tim
ap ""
for
and
f. ^
bm
Term
of
tha
Jmmn
^% Yffara,
9

0t

hare it proloAg'dfor
im

AoiuutF

of 2o

402. patd4owa, |(M )"T""y Tempr(4oDgedfor is Years morca

plwt fUte "f lotereft n allowed v"".
("r to 31 Y"ci.
ideomd,
Utile. Call 2 1 "^ " 4- 1 by the Nameof
T, and I Tlkall be th" fU"
dical

Sign of

liJILlsft.

VTi~-TF7.

Root
I

of

^.

(ay the

As

in the

Let
Rate

fooght is

C9"*1^

very

near

afor^oiog Example

to

+/" *""i
t-V^*-"'

and
Of CompoundInterejl

^6
Log. nts
X
=
Xjfg.

*^

"J[jii".~ai4, t
"
"^

.(Joiodoo

jc

2tf { ) 0.698^700 ( 0fil6ij6i.

ss

53

i"ooooooo

2.3010300

JT

+ x-i"^ =7*=

2"

1.3010300

Aitmties^

"

Log. 1 ,0626

tf

.125232

Log. b. 0.5105450.

3"24

Log.

3,1

04934^57-

!/"

b^

i4768=b.2"

1.PP39707

-v' 0-5019855 3-* 7^768 V**

The Rate

r =

.0^3232

or

Af witlbe
of

of 20/.

ftr Jmum
The
fcr Cent.

of 1,063232

1.053232

f =

tf/. 61.

5^^ percent

the Valae
readily
proved by feektog

Annoky

an

rate

zbf

"

of the Reverfioa
for ten Years i^Kr 21
^ at the
Work
ftaods this.

Log. 0.0166280. Log.r

Zo^.7^0,5591880 Log.f^
8.80093^9 i^fr"

Sum

9*3601249

0.6398751 Comf. ArUb^

Leg.a
1.3010300

Roverlm. 8712781

1*940905
0*2662800.

Rtwrftott.
47.2743

1.

Log. Rewfjm
io^. r*

1.6746251 Log. Reverjm [iB^tr

3 1

40.0038 fo9^bt.

Fahic

it appears that 40 /" and about

lae of the Difference of the Reverfions
Thus

judge bow

near

an

findingthe
for

Term

ifi"f21

one
:

Penny; is the

true Va"

by which the Reader

may

Role afords,towards
Approximationthe foregoing
when the Vdneof
Rate of Interelt,
an Annoicy

of Years

to

comnsence

after

certainTime

is pro^

pofed.

Tbt

(37)

"

II

".

..

ions of Navigation
fit
Propo

The

that occurr

in

the Pr0ice

by
of Sailing

Mercator.
thii CoDeftion

of Tables^we

ted that moft neceflary

one

(honld

by

no

ineaBS

have onrit*

of the Meridiooal Pares, defigoedfor

" Service of Naviptors, if its UCbs

Table of LogartchmickTai^ents: As

were

not

foliyfupply'd
by

is demonftrated

the

in N"" 219 of

It is there proved, t^ That

PhilofophicalTranfii"ons.
Meridional Line, or Scale oS Mireator's Cbart^is a Scale of the

the

the

Lo-

of the half
garitbo-tTlngents

Compiimentsof the Latitudes, zdly^

of Mr. Brig"s*s
fach Logarithai'-Tangeats
That
Form, are a Scale
the Rhumb
of the Diflfereacesof L^n^tnde,
which makes an
npon
Angle
ferences

of 5 1 ^ 38'.9 '" with the Meridiaa

And
of Longitnde, on differing
Rhnmbs, are

idfy^That the Dtf"

to

one

another

as

Tangents of the Angles of thole Rhumbs with the Meridian.

it follows,that the Difference of the Logarithm-Tangents
Hence
is to the [Mfierenee of
of the half Compliments of the Latitudes,
the

Sailingon any Rhumb, from the one

other, as Tangent of $I^38^ 9". ( whofe Logar*
Courfe
is 10.1015104.:^to Tangent of the Angle of the Rhumb
or
and ,tbe Difference
with the Mericlian. So that if two Latitudes,
the
is
Courfe
of Longitude be given,
readily determined
by this
the
of
the
difference
the
of
Rule. Take, by help
Tables,
Logarithmof
half
the
the
ot
Compliments
cfteemiugthe
Latitudes,
Tangents
three lafl:Figuresto be pecimals ; and fubftraftthe Logarithm
thereof from the Sum of the Logarithmsof the Difference of Longitude
reduced to Minutes, and of the conftaotLog. 10.1015104,
The Sum (ballbe the LOg. of the Tangent of the Courfe.
And
to
Log. of the Secant of the Courfe,add Log. of the Difference of La*
be Log. of the DiQrancc
fliall
titude reduced to Minutes,the Sum

Longitude a Ship makes

Latitude

to

in

the

in Minutes,

EXMh

ofNn^atiak
Propofiims

38

rht UxJird if ia Utt49*.

Difl^cQcc of Loog. 53"^.
00)
Minutes.
2205

T^*

1$ V North.

^irfc^Aito

3180 Minates.

or

4f"

13 ".10;

Ni

Difiareace of L"L

W'-iiQ^Jiao7597"t.
Tgig."mfu
iOift9i8o7i"s"um"m"fh

JMimri

"34"9,3tt

^f 3521 57.

J(". ijfaMf"

tlic true Goorfe liie mntt Sttnc^

ak S"a cUmate
nuy a SIlip
and the Diftance of her Port.
Latitudes and tbeCoarfi
ba gifes, the DiflEbaaeeof
IL If two
the
aritb
fimie
Cafe
is
obtained
: For at Taogeat of %i\
Longitude
This

Tangent ot tfie Cbnrfe, fb the Diffimocc of LDgai;.

to the IXIfacBCB
Tangents of the half Cooplemeittsof Latitodes,
from
Wherefore
the Snm crftfaeL^garttanof LoQgitodeibngfit.
the
of
of
and
of
the
Coorre^
Log. the (aid Difibrencei^ the
Tangent
Logar. Tangents of the half CompleiBentsof the Latitade^fiibftra"
the conftaotlog.io"ioi5io4
liaD be Log. of dia
: the Kemaiader
of
Dificrence
Longitndein Minutes : as in the former Exampk. Ijb(
the Latitudes be 49^ 55'.and l3^ 10, and Qoarft 49^ 59* io\
3S'.9".

The

to

the

Difier*of the Log. Tang- 3372)tf""5i^ l^^ 3-5279^54

Leg. ta0g.Comfe 10.0759721
13.^039371
IO.IOI5104

good Obferrations of the Latitude and

the redconingof a Ship'sWay is baft aFi
the Courfe doly ftear^,
if yon Sail near the N^rth or Soafh.
certained,efbecially
IIL The Latitude yon departfrom^ the Goorfe SteasM and dl"
to find the ShipsLatitude
and
fiance Sail'd beinggirea^'tisrequired
from tb"
is obcainM
Diflerence of Longitude. Firft the Latinde
By this Rnle^haring two

Confiderationthat the Diftance is

to

the DifTerence of Latitude

or

the Go-fine of the Coarfi;.

to the Bafe,as Radios to

Hypaftinufa
Then ha?mg the two
is
which
to Plain-failing.
common
Latitoda^
Uft
the
of
found
Rule.
and Courfe,
pificrence
1^
Longitudcb
t^e

the