Chapter 4 General Equilibrium

General
equilibrium
General
equilibrium
Conditions of equilibrium
Conditions of equilibrium
( ) ( ) ( )
1 M 0 2 X 0 3 Y 0

( )
( )
( )
( )
1 Your drawing must be in a large scale
2 If you didn't find the word hori!ontal "osition# then your body is inclined to the hori!ontal
3 $he reaction of any body is always "er"endicular to the "lane
%
( )
&
'e are dealing with two "lanes (
)mooth "lanes *ough "lanes
+
& * where Coefficient of friction and * the normal reaction

Equilibrium rule :
About to move rule :
( )
$his is called a limiting friction
,
2 2
F
Resultant reaction R' = F + R
*
* *
&
&
&aceboo- "age ( htt"s(..www/faceboo-/com.Mr)herifYehia0lMaraghy

Mr . Sherif ehia Al Mara!h" htt#s:$$t%itter.com$Mr&Sherif&"ehia
'(''))***+, - '(''))***2, Email : Roosher".hotmail.com
/ntro0uction
In "re1ious year# we ha1e ta-en the equilibrium of a body under the action of three force/
In this cha"ter# we will deal with a body in equilibrium under the action of more than three
forces "laced on smooth or rough "lanes/
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
2efinition : 0 set of co"lanar forces is said to be in equilibrium if both the 1ector sum of
the forces and the 1ector sum of the moments of the forces about any "oint 1anish/ 0lso when a
body is acted on by such a set of co"lanar forces# the body is said to be in equilibrium/
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Some notes %hich %ill ma3e "our %or3 easier
Static - +
r0
secon0ar" 4ha#ter four - General equilibrium 1
0
2
C
o
30
o
,0
3
2 3
3 3
( )
4 5se the following methods to sol1e your "roblem quic-ly
0
2
C
o
%+
o
%+
3
3
2 3
0
2
C
o
%+
o
%+
6
6
10
73am"le
10
6
2
0
2
C

3
0
2
C
10
73am"le
3Cos
3 )in
10)in
10Cos
C
2
C
2
0
8
7
If 87 .. 2C
08 07 87
02 0C 2C


111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Static - +
r0
0 uniform rod 02 of 90 cm long of weight 3 -g/wt is hinged at 2 to a 1ertical wall# 0 lam" of
12 -g/wt is hung from a "oint on the rod 10 cm from the end 0# this end is tied with a light ro"e
with its end C fi3ed on the wall at "oint 1ertically abo1e 2 and far from it ,0 cm so that the rod
is -e"t hori!ontal# find the tension of the string and the reaction of the hinge and its direction/
( )
( )
( )
:otes 1 $he "roblem mentioned that your rod is hori!ontal
2 :osmooth or rough mentioned in the "roblem
3 'hen there is a hinge in the "roblem# then its
reaction has no fi3ed direction# so we must
( )
( )
( ) ( )
3 y
2 2
2
ma-e
a resolution in the 3 ; a3is * and the y ; a3is *
0C ,0 90 100 cm
M 0 ( try to 1anish the most un-nown forces
;3 %0 12 40 $ )in 90 0
,0
90$ )in <,0 $ )in 12 $ 12
100
Q
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 3
Y Y
2 2
3 y
y
3
$ 20 -g/wt
90
X 0( ( * $ Cos 0 * $ Cos * 20 1, -g/wt
100
Y 0( ( * $ )in 1+ * 1+ 12 3 -g/wt
$hen the reaction of the hinge is( * * * 1, 3 2,+ -g/wt
*
3
0nd its direction is $an
* 1,

+
+ +

0
2
%0 cm
3
10 cm 30 cm
12
C
,0 cm
$
*
3
*
y
*

$ )in
$ Cos
5roblems of equilibrium on smooth #lanes
5roblems of equilibrium on smooth #lanes

E6am#le 7(8
Ans%er
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Static - +
r0
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
3 y
2 2
0
ma-e
2C %/+ , 4/+ m
&irst ( we ha1e to -now that ' $
;+ %/+ 3 , $ )in , 0
,$ )i
Q
( )
( ) ( )
3 3 3
Y Y
%/+
n %0/+ $ )in ,/4+ $ ,/4+ $ ' 11/2+ -g/wt
4/+
,
X 0( ( * $ Cos 0 * $ Cos * 11/2+ < -g/wt
4/+
Y 0( ( 8on' t ta-e ' here as we -now that ' $
* $ )in 9 * 9 ,/4+ 1/2+ -g/wt
$h

Q
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3 y
1321
en the reaction of the hinge is( * * * < 1/2+ -g/wt
%
+ +
0
2
%/+ m
+
1/+ m
3
C
%/+ m
' $
*
3
*
y
*

' )in
$ )in
$ Cos
02 is a rod of , m long of weight + -g/wt and its center of gra1ity is at %/+ m from 0 and hinged
at 0 to a fi3ed hori!ontal hinge# the end 2 is tied to a light string "assing o1er a smooth "ulley
lies 1ertically abo1e 0 and at %/+ m away from it# the string carries at its other end a body of
weight '/ If a body of weight 3 -g/wt is hung from 2 so that the rod became hori!ontal# then
find the magnitude of ' and find the "ressure of the hinge/
'

E6am#le 728
Ans%er
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Static - +
r0
0 uniform rod 02 of 1,0 cm long and weight 300 gm/wt is hung by a fi3ed nail C by the mean
of two strings attached to its end 0 and 2# a weight of ,00 gm/wt is hung to a "oint : on the rod/
If the rod i
o o
s in equilibrium in a hori!ontal "osition and the two strings 0C and 2C are inclined
to the rod at angles ,0 #30 res"ecti1ely# find the length of 0: and the magnitude of the tension
in the two strings
( )
( )
( )
2
o
1
,00 90 3 300 90 $ )in,0 1,0 0
%9000 ,003
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 1
1
o o
1 2 1 2 1 2
o o
1 2 1 2
2%000 90 3$ 0 90 3$ ,003 4200 %0
2 3 $ 1+3 1900 1
1 3
X 0( ( $ Cos,0 $ Cos 30 0 $ $ 0 $ 3$ 2
2 2
3 1
Y 0( ( $ )in ,0 300 ,00 $ )in30 0 $ $ <00
2 2

+ +
+

+
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1 2
2 2 2
1
3$ $ 1900 3
$hen from 2 and 3 ( 3$ $ 1900 $ %00 gm/wt
$hen from 2 ( $ %00 3 gm/wt
$hen from 1 ( 2 3 %00 3 1+3 1900 1+3 ;<00 3 ;,0 cm 0: 20 cm
+
+
+
0
2
90 cm
300
90 3
3
,00
C
2
$
o
,0
o
30
o
2
$ )in30
o
2
$ Cos30
o
1
$ )in,0
o
1
$ Cos,0
1
$
:

E6am#le 7+8
Ans%er
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Static - +
r0
0 uniform rod 02 of 1,0 cm long and weight 30 -g/wt # its lower end 0 rests on a 1ertical
smooth wall 08# and is tied from "oint = by one end of a string whose other end is attached
to "oint 8 so that t
o
he rod reached its equilibrium state in a "osition inclined to the 1ertical at
an angle ,0 / If the length 0= ,0 cm# then find the angle 08= and also find the magnitudes
of the tension of the string and

the reaction of the wall/
=
:ote when a body is "laced on a smooth "lane# then the
reaction is "er"endicular to the "lane
;3 10 3 * 30 0 30* 30 3 * 3 -g/wt
X 0 ( * $ )in 0 $
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
o
o
)in * 3 1
Y 0( $ Cos 3 2
3
$hen di1ide 1 by 2 ( $an 30
2
$hen from 1 ( $ )in 30 3 $ 2 3 -g/wt
30 3 cm
*
3
$ Cos
0
,0 cm
20
90 cm
$ )in
o
,0
o
30
o
30
o
30
10
10 3
1+cm
)mooth
8
2
=
C
0 uniform ladder 02 of weight %0 -g/wt and 12 m length rests with its end 0 on a smooth
hori!ontal "lane and its end 2 on a smooth 1ertical wall# the ladder is -e"t in equilibrium by a
string tied to on
o
e of its ends 0# and its other end is attached to a "oint on the hori!ontal "lane
1ertically below 2# if the ladder is inclined at %+ to the hori!ontal# gi1en that the string can not
bear a tension of more than +0 -g/wt# "ro1e that a man of weight the weight of the ladder can
not ascend more than <m without cutting the string

( )
( )
:ote 1 'hen a body is "laced on a smooth "lane# then the
2 'e ha1e to "ro1e that if a man of weight %0 -g/wt
ascends a ddistance < m from 0# t
( )
( )
0 3
3 3
3
hen the ma3imum
tension of the string will be +0 -g/wt
, < 12
M 0 ( %0 %0 * 0 2
2 2 2
2%0 3,0 12* * +0 -g/wt
X 0( ( * $ $ +0 -g/wt
+
+

0
2
%0
3
C
12
2
3
*
o
%+
y
*
$
%0
3
,
)mooth
)mooth
,
2
3
2
o
%+

E6am#le 798
Ans%er
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
E6am#le 7:8
Ans%er
Static - +
r0
0 uniform rod 02 of lenght 9 m and weight 20 -g/wt# its end 0 is attached to a hinge fi3ed to a
1ertical wall# and its end 2 being >oined by a light string , m length whose other end is fi3ed to the
wall at C 1ertically abo1e 0 and 10 m away from it# if a weight of 1+ -g/wt is hung from the end 2/
&ind the tension in the string# and the magnitude and the direction of the reaction of the hinge
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3 y
2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
o
2 y 3
y 3
ma-e
In 02C( 0C 10 100
0nd 02 2C , 9 100
0C 02 2C m 2 <0
M 0 ( 20 %)in * 9)in * 9Cos 0
, , 9
90 9 * 9 * 0 %9 %/9
10 10 10

+ +
+ <
+
+
Q
Q
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
y 3
3 3 3
y y
3
* ,/% * 0 1
9 %
X 0 ( * $ Cos * $ * $ 2
10 +
3
Y 0( * $ )in 20 1+ 3+ * 3+ $ 3
+
3 %
)ubstitute 2 and 3 in 1 ( %9 %/9 3+ $ ,/% $ 0
+ +
42 129
%9 1,9 $ $ 0 9$ 120 $ 1+ -g/wt
2+ 2+
%
$hen *
+
+

+ +
_ _
+

, ,
+ +
( ) ( )
y
2 2
2 2
3 y
y
3
3
1+ 12 -g/wt and * 3+ 1+ 2, -g/wt
+
* * * 12 2, 2 20+ -g/wt
*
2, 13
$hen $an
* 12 ,

+ +

Q
%
$
20
y
*
0
3
*
)mooth
2
C
:ot
)mooth
$ )in
$ Cos
% cm
9)in
9Cos
1+
% )in
, cm
10 cm
,
m
2

E6am#le 7,8
Ans%er

1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Static - +
r0
0 uniform rod 02 of weight 1+0 -g/wt and +% cm rests with its lower end 0 on a 1ertical smooth
wall# and it is fi3ed at "oint = on a hori!ontal smooth su""ort "arallel to the wall# if the length
0= equals 12 cm and the rod is in equilibrium when it is "er"endicular to the wall# "ro1e that
2
the sin angle of the inclination between the rod and the wall is # then calculate the magnitude
3
of the reaction of the su""ort and that of the wall/
( )
( )
( )
o
= 1
1
1
M 0 ( * 12)in <0 1+0 1+)in 0
12 * Cos 2+0)in 0 ,Cos
2 * 34+$an

1

]

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
2
2
2 1
1 1
1 1
2 2
1 1 1
0 1
X 0 ( * * Cos 2
Y 0( * )in 1+0 3
* )in 1+0
8i1ide 3 and by 2 (
* Cos *
1+0 1+0
$an % # then substitute in 1 ( 2 * 34+ 0 *
* *
2* +,2+0 0 * 2912+ * 4+ + gm/wt
&
_

,

( )
( )
2 2
1+0 2
rom % ( $an
4+ + +
2 + 2
)in and Cos then from 3 ( * 1+0 * 22+ gm/wt
3 3 3

12
1+0
2
*
0
1
*
<0
)mooth
2
=
2
* Cos
1+
24
2
* )in
)mooth
1+)in
( )
o
12)in <0
( )
o
24Cos <0
2
+
3

E6am#le 7;8
Ans%er

1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Static - +
r0
0 uniform ladder of length + m and weight 20 -g/wt rests with one end on a smooth 1ertical wall
and the other end on a smooth hori!ontal floor# if the lower end of the ladder is 3m away from
the wall# the ladder is -e"t from sli""ing by a string attached to a "oint on it and the other end
of the string is fi3ed to a "oint on the line of intersection of the floor and the wall# -nowing that
the direction of the string is "er"endicular to that of the ladder# find the tension of the string and
the reaction of each of the wall and the floor/
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
27 + 3 % m
1
8& 07 1/+ m and 27 07
2
0nd 7C 02 # then by using 7ucl

Q Q
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2 y
y y
3
y
id's theorem
1,
72 2C 20 1, +2C 2C m
+
1, 1,
M 0 ( ; 20 1/+ $ Cos Cos $ )in )in * 3 0
+ +
% 1, % 3 1, 3 1,
;30 $ $ 3* 0 3* $ 30 1
+ + + + + + +
%
X 0( ( * $ Cos $ 2
+
3
Y 0( ( * 20 $ )in 20 $ 3
+
)ubstit

+
+

+ +
Q
( ) ( )
( )
( )
3
y
3 1, < 1, 1+0
ute 3 in 1 ( 3 20 $ $ 30 ,0 $ $ 30 $ -g/wt
+ + + + 4
% 1+0 120
&rom 2 ( * -g/wt
+ 4 4
3 1+0 230
&rom 3 ( * 20 -g/wt
+ 4 4
_
+ +

,

+
0
2
20
C
&
3
*
y
*
$ )in
2/+
$
)mooth
)mooth
1/+
?
8
7
1,
)in
+

3 m
2/+
$ Cos
1,
Cos
+

% m
1,
2C m
+

E6am#le 7*8
Ans%er
Static - +
r0
0 uniform ladder rests with its end 0 on a smooth 1ertical wall and the its other end 2 on a
smooth hori!ontal "lane# the ladder is -e"t from sli""ing by a string whose one of its ends fi3ed
to a "oint
( )
at the bottom of the wall 1ertically below 0 and the other end is fi3ed to one stair at a
1
distance from 2 equals of the ladder length# if the "ressure of the ladder on the wall is @
%
and on the floor
( )
is A / If 0#2 are at distance ,0 cm# 90 cm res"ecti1ely from the bottom of the
@ %
wall# then "ro1e that(
A +
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
27 + 3 % m
1
8& 27 %0 cm 0& 30 cm
2
In 0&8# 0=C ( &8 .. =C
0& 0

0=

Q
Q
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
8
8 &8 30 +0 %0
0C =C 0= 4+ =C
0= %+ cm &= 1+ cm =C ,0 cm
In C7=( 7C 1+ ,0 1+ 14 cm
'e don't need ' # so we will ta-e M 0 (
; @ 30 $ )in 20 $ Cos 1+ A %0 0
1+ ,0 2
;30@ $ 20 $ 1+ %0A 0 %0A 30@
1+ 14 1+ 14

+
+
+
Q
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 ,0
$ $ 0
14 14
90
%0A 30@ $ 0 1
14
,0 14
X 0( ( @ $ Cos $ $ 2
14 1+ 14
90 14
)ubstitute 2 in 1 ( %0A 30@ @ 0
% 14
@ %
%0A 30@ 20@ 0 %0A +0@
A +
0
2
'
C
&
@
A
$ )in
+0
%0 cm
=
8
7
,0 cm
20
2+
$ Cos
30
1+
2+
1+
1+ 14
20 %0
$

E6am#le 7)8
Ans%er
Static - +
r0
o
02 is a uniform rod of mass 20 -g rests with its u""er end 2 on a smooth inclined "lane that's
to the hori!ontal at an angle of measure ,0 # and it is resting with its lower end 0 on a smooth
hori!ontal "lane# it is -e"t from sli""ing by a string 0C which is attached with one end to 0 and
with the other end to C# so that the "lane 02C is "er"endicular to the line of intersection of the
two "lanes/ &
o
ind the magnitude of the reaction of each of the "lane on the rod# and find the
tension on the string when the angle of inclination of the rod to the hori!ontal is 30
( ) ( )
2 0
0
o
2 2
1
M 0 ( ;* 3 3 20 3 3 $ 3 0
2
8i1ide by 3 ; 3* 10 3 $ 0 1
3
X 0 ( $ * Cos30 0 $ *
2

_
1
+ +

]
,
+ +

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
o
0 2
0 0
2
* $ 2
3
Y 0( * * )in30 20 3
1 2 3
)ubstitute 2 in 3 ( * $ 20 * 20 $ %
2 3 3
3
)ubstitute % in 1 ( ; 3 20 $ 10 3 $ 0 ; 20 3 $ 10 3 $ 0
3
2$ 10 3 $ + 3 -g/wt # then from 2 ( *

+
+
1
+ + + + +
1
]

( )
2
0
2
+ 3 10 -g/wt
3
3
then from % ( * 20 + 3 1+ -g/wt
3

3
20
0
*
0
$
o
30
1
3
2
2
o
2
* Cos 30
3
o
,0
1
3 3
2
o
2
* )in30
o
30
o
30
o
,0
3 3
120
o
30
o
30
1
3
2
2
*
C
3

E6am#le 7('8
Ans%er

1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Static - +
r0
0 uniform rod BM of length 1+0 cm and weight + -g/wt tied by its two ends B#M by means of two
strings B: and M= whose lenghts are 1+0# 300 cm res"ecti1ely# and the two free ends of the two
strings are f
( ) ( )
i3ed at "oints :# = on a hori!ontal straight line# := 300 cm# then a hori!ontal
force & acted on the rod and its end B so the rod became in equilibrium "osition as the
string B: is 1ertical and the whol
( )
e system of forces lie in the same 1ertical "lane# determine
& and find the magnitude of the tension in each string/
=
1
$
:
&
2
$
2
$ )in
2
B
?
M
2
$ Cos
4+
<0 cm
1+0
1+0 +
300
&
4+
300 cm
2
2
3
3
+
%
+
( ) ( )
2 2
In =B: ( =B 300 1+0 1+0 + cm
1+0 1
0nd )in
2 1+0 + +
300 2
0nd Cos
2 1+0 + +
1 2 %
)in 2Cos )in 2
2 2 +
+ +
3
Cos
+
In M=X
MX % %
)in MX 300 2%0 cm M? 2%0 1+0 <0 cm
300 + +
0lso Cos

Q
Q
Q
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
B 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
=X 3 3
=X 300 190 cm :X ?B 300 190 120 cm
300 + +
B& ,0 cm
M 0 ( ;+ ,0 $ )in 120 $ Cos <0 0
% 3
;300 $ 120 $ <0 0 1+0$ 300 $ 2 -g/wt
+ +
X 0( ( $

+ +
+ +

( )
1 2
3 ,
Cos & & 2 -g/wt
+ +
% 14
Y 0( ( $ + $ )in + 2 -g/wt
+ +

E6am#le 7((8
Ans%er
Static - +
r0
5roblems of equilibrium on rou!h #lanes
5roblems of equilibrium on rou!h #lanes
o
0 uniform ladder of weight 30 -g/wt rests with one of its ends on a smooth 1ertical wall and with
its other end on a rough hori!ontal floor# so that it is inclined at angle %+ to the hori!ontal# if a
man whose weight is ,0 -g/wt is ascending the ladder slowly# and the ladder was about to sli"
3
when the man ascended of the length of the ladder# find the coefficient of friction between
%
the the floor and the ladder# and if the man wanted to continue to ascend the to" of the ladder#
then find the least hori!ontal force which acts at the lower end at this case/
( )
( )
:ote 1 when a body is "laced on a "lane# then the
2 when a body is "laced on a "lane# then the
reaction is "er"endicular to the "l
smooth
rou!h
( )
&
st
2 1
1 1
1
ane and & a""ears
let the length of the ladder be %3
3
1 case when the man ascended the length of the ladder(
%
%3 33 23 2
M 0 ( ;* ,0 30 0
3 2 2 2
%* 2%0 * ,0 -g/wt
X 0( ( *
_
_ _ _
+ +

, , ,
,

( )
( )
&
2
&
&
nd
2 1
1 1
& ,0 -g/wt
Y 0( ( * ,0 30 <0 -g/wt
& ,0 2
0nd & *
* <0 3
2 case when the man reaches the to" of the ladder(
%3 %3 23 2
M 0 ( ;* ,0 30 0
23 2 2 2
2* 1+0 * 4+ -g/wt
X 0( ( &

+

_
_ _ _
+ +

, , ,
,

+
Q
( )
1 & & 1
* & & & * ,0 4+ ;1+ -g/wt
& 1+ -g/wt in the direction

0
2
30
3
23
2
C
%3
2
1
*
o
%+
2
*
&
&
,0
3
23
*ough
)mooth
23
2
3
2
o
%+
33
2
0
2
30
23
2
C
%3
2
1
*
o
%+
2
*
&
&
,0
23
23
23
2
o
%+
&

E6am#le 7(28
Ans%er
Static - +
r0
%3
2
( )
0 uniform ladder of length % m rests on a hori!ontal rough floor and a smooth 1ertical wall/ If
the ladder is about to slide under the action of a weight ' when it is inclined to the hori!ontal
at an an
o
3
gle of tangent # find the coefficient of friction# and if the ladder was inclined to the
%
hori!ontal at an angle %+ # find the farthest distance on the ladder a man whose weight is % times
the ladder's weight can ascend before the ladder is about to slide/
( )
( )
smooth
rou!h
( )
( )
&
st
2 1
1 1
ane and & a""ears
0C 3 0C 12
)in 0C m
% + % +
28 % 28 9
0nd Cos 28 m
2 + 2 +
1 case If the ladder is about to slide under weight ' (
12 9 +
M 0 ( ;* ' 0
+ + %
2
3* 2' * ' 1
3
X 0(

_ _ _
+

, , ,

Q
Q
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 &
2
& 2
nd o
2 1
1 1
1 & 2
&
2
( * & '
3
Y 0( ( * '
2 2
0nd & * ' '
3 3
2 case when %+ (
% 3 2
M 0 ( ;* %' ' 0 2
2 2 2
1
%* %' 3 2' % * ' 3 ' 1
2
1
X 0( ( * & ' 3 ' 0nd Y 0( ( * +'
2
and & * ' 3

_ _ _
+ +

, , ,
+ +
+
+

Q
Q
( )
1 2 1 10 14
' +' ' 3 3 m
2 3 2 3 ,
+
0
2
'
2
9
+
C
12
+
1
*
2
*
&
&
2
*ough
)mooth
0
2
'
2
2
C
%
2
1
*
o
%+
2
*
&
&
,0
% 3
2
2
2
7
3
2
&
% 3
2
%
+
3
%'
3
o
%+

E6am#le 7(+8
Ans%er
Static - +
r0
0 uniform ladder 02 of length + m and weight 20 -g/wt rests with its end 0 on a smooth 1ertical
wall and with its other end on a rough hori!ontal floor# the coefficient of friction between the
ground a
1
nd the ladder is / If the "oint 2 is 3 m away from the wall# "ro1e that the ladder can
%
not be in equilibrium in this case# and then find the magnitude of the least weight could be "laced
at 2 to "re1e
1
nt sliding# gi1en that the coeficient of friction between this weight and the ground is /
+
( )
( )
smooth
rou!h
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
1
1
&
st
2 2
2 2
2 &
1
& 1
& 1
ane and & a""ears
let the length of the ladder be %3
1 case M 0 ( 20 1/+ * % 0
%* 30 * 4/+ -g/wt
X 0( ( * & 4/+ -g/wt
Y 0( ( * 20 -g/wt
1
)o & 4/+ and * 20 + -g/wt
%
$hen & * $

>
Q
1
1
nd
& 1
& 1
hen the ladder is not in equilibrium
2 case to get the least weight to "re1ent the ladder from
sliding & must be equal to *
& * + -g/wt
0nd the wei

Q
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
1 2 2 2
&
2 3 3 3
3 & & & &
2 2 2 2
1 2
ght has another friction &
M 0 ( ;* % 20 1/+ 0 %* 30 * 4/+ -g/wt
X 0( ( * & & 0 4/+ + & & 2/+ -g/wt
1
* 2/+ * 2/+ * 12/+ -g/wt
+
Y 0( ( * * 20 ' 20 12/+ 20 ' ' 12/+ -g/wt
+

+ + + +
0
2
20
C
%
2
*
1
*
1
&
&
2/+
2/+
*ough
)mooth
3m
3 m
0
2
20
'
C
%
3
*
2
*
2
&
&
2/+
2/+
1
&
&
1
*

E6am#le 7(98
Ans%er
Static - +
r0
0 uniform inclined ladder 02 rests with the end 0 on a rough hori!ontal floor# and the other end 2
1
on a rough 1ertical wall# if the coefficient of the friction between the ladder and the floor is # a
2
nd
1
that between the ladder and the wall is # and the ladder was about to slide# find the tangent of the
%
angle of the inclination of the ladder to the hori!ontal/
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
+
+
2
2
&
st
0
& 2
& 2
2 2
:ote when a body is "laced on a "lane# then the
reaction is "er"endicular to the "lane and & a""ears
1 case M 0 (
;& 23Cos * 23 )in ' 3Cos 0 3
;2& Cos 2* )in ' Cos 0
;2 * Cos

rou!h
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
+
_
+

,
+

+ + +

+
1
2
2
2 2
2 2
2 & 1 1 1
& 1 2 2 1 2 1
1 2
2 2
2* )in ' Cos 0
1
;2 * Cos 2* )in ' Cos 0 Cos
%
1
* 2* $an ' 1
2
1
X 0( ( * & * * 2
2
1
Y 0( ( & * ' * * ' * * ' 3
%
&rom 2 ( * 2* %
1
$hen substitute % in 3 ( * 2*
%

( )
( ) ( ) ( )

_ _
+ +

, ,

2 2
< %
' * ' * ' +
% <
1 % % 2 9
$hen substitute + in 1 ( ' 2 ' $an ' ' $an 1
2 < < < <
9 2 4 4
$an 1 $an
< < < 9

0
2
'
C
23 )in
2
*
1
*
1
&
&
3
3
*ough
rough
23Cos
2
&
&
3 Cos
1
%

1
2


E6am#le 7(:8
Ans%er
Static - +
r0
0 uniform rod 02 of length 130 cm# and weight ,0 -g/wt rests with its ends 0 on a rough 1ertical
wall and its other end 2 on a hori!ontal floor# if the coefficient of the friction between the wall and
t
2 1
he rod is # and that between the rod and the floor is # find the magnitude of the least force which
+ 3
acts at 2 and sufficient to mo1e this end towards the wall when 2 is +0 cm away from the wall
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )

+ +
+ + +

Q
1
1
2 2
2 1 &
1 & 1 1 1
1
:ote when a body is "laced on a "lane# then the
0C 130 +0 120 cm
M 0 ( ;* 120 ,0 2+ & +0 0 10
;12* 1+0 +& 0 12* 1+0 + *
12* 1+0
rou!h
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
_
+

,

+ +
+
+ + +
+
2
1
1 1
1
1 & 1 2 2
2
2 & 2 1 1 2
2
+ * 10* 1+0
+
* 1+ -g/wt
X 0( ( * & & * * &
1
& 1+ * 2
3
2
Y 0( ( * & ,0 * * ,0 * 1+ ,0 ,, -g/wt
+
1
&rom 2 ( & 1+ ,, 34 -g/wt
3
2
0
,0
C
120
1
*
2
*
2
&
&
,+
,+
*ough
rough
+0 cm
1
&
&
2+ cm
2
+

1
3

&

E6am#le 7(,8
Ans%er
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Static - +
r0
0 uniform rod 02 of length 300 cm# and weight + -g/wt rests with its ends 0 on a rough hori!ontal
"lane# and on a hori!ontal su""ort at a "oint C on the rod# the su""ort is at 12+ cm abo1e the
hori!onta
o
l "lane# if the rod was in a 1ertical "lane that's "er"endicular to the su""ort# and the rod
was about to slide when its angle of inclination to the hori!ontal is 30 # find the reaction of the
su""ort and the coefficient of the friction between the rod and the "lane/
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

+

o o
2 2 2
o
2 2
2 2
o
2 &
&
o
2 1
1
& 1
M 0 ( + 4+ 3 * Cos,0 12+ * )in,0 12+ 3 0
12+ 34+
34+ 3 * * )in,0 0
2 2
3 3
2+0 * 34+ 3 * -g/wt
2
X 0( ( * Cos,0 &
3 3 1 3 3
& -g/wt
2 2 %
Y 0( ( * )in,0 * +
3 3 3 11
* +
2 2 %
3 3 11 3 3
2ut & *
% % 11

2
0
+
C
12+
o
2
* Cos,0
1
*
100
1+0
12+ 3
4+ 3
o
,0
&
&
o
30
o
2
* )in,0
o
30
+0
o
,0
2
*
o
,0

E6am#le 7(;8
Ans%er
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Static - +
r0
0 uniform rod of length 100 cm# rests with one end on a rough hori!ontal floor# and rests by one
of its "oints that is 90 cm away from its other end on the surface of a smooth hemi ; s"here whose
radius is ,0 cm that rests with its "lane surface on the hori!ontal floor# if the rod is about to sli"#
find the coefficient of friction between the rod and the floor/
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )

_ _

, ,

+ +
0 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 &
2 1 1
M 0 ( ' +0 Cos * )in 90)in * Cos 90Cos 0
90 ,0 90
+0 ' * 90* 0
100 100 100
1%% 2+, 1
%0' * * 0 90* %0' * ' -g/wt
+ + 2
1 ,0 3
X 0( ( * )in & ' '
2 100 10
1 90 2
Y 0( ( * Cos * ' ' * ' '
2 100 +

+

1
1 1
& 1
* '
2 3
* ' ' * ' -g/wt
+ +
3 3 1
2ut & * ' '
10 + 2

0
'
2
* Cos
1
*
&
&
2
* )in
2
*
30
+0
+0Cos
90 )in ,0
2
100 cm
90 Cos
20

E6am#le 7(*8
Ans%er
Static - +
r0
S#ecial cases
S#ecial cases
0 uniform ladder rests on a hori!ontal floor and on a 1ertical wall# if the ladder is about to
slide# "ro1e that the two resultant reactions of the wall and the floor are "er"endicular when
the angle of
o
friction between the ladder and the wall equals the angle of friction between the
ladder and the floor# and if the measure of the angle of friction is 30 # "ro1e that the angle of
inclination of the la
o
dder to the 1ertical equals ,0 /
( ) ( )
( )
:ote 1 8on' t use the resultant reaction *' in any
"roblem e3ce"t when the angle of friction is mentioned/
2 In last year# we ha1e ta-en that if three forces act
on a body# then they must meet at a "
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
< < < < < <

< + < < + <
Q
Q
Q
1
2
o o
oint C
$he angle of friction between the ladder and the wall
$he angle of friction between the ladder and the floor
m 1 m 2 and m 1 m % alt/ angle m 2 m %
In 2C8# m 2 m 3 <0 m % m 3 <0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

< < < <
Q
1 2
o
1 2
o o o o o o
* ' * '
'hen 30 # and CM is a median from a right angle CM M2
m 3 m C2M ,0 but m 2 30 m M28 30 <0 30 ,0 /

0
2
'
3
1
*
2
*
2
&
&
C
%
2
1
2
* '
1
* '
8
M
1
&
&
?ne end of a uniform ladder of weight ' rests on a smooth 1ertical wall# and the other end on
a floor inclined to the hori!ontal at angle # if the ladder is about to slide# "ro1e that it is
inclined to

( )
the 1ertical at an angle of tangent 2$an where is the angle of friction/
0
2
2
*
2
* '
8
M
( )
o
<0
( ) ( )
( )
:ote 1 8on' t use the resultant reaction *' in any
"roblem e3ce"t when the angle of friction is mentioned/
2 In last year# we ha1e ta-en that if three forces act
on a body# then they must meet at a "
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
<

+
+

+
Q
Q
Q
o
o
o
o
oint 8
M is a mid"oint of 02 and M7 .. 2C
7 is a mid"oint of 0C# so let 02C
0C 207
In 02C# $an $an 1
2C 87
87 07 1
In 078# $an <0
07 87
$an <0
2
$an 2Cot <0
$an <0

( )
( )
( )
2$an

1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
E6am#le 7()8
Ans%er
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
E6am#le 72'8
Ans%er
Static - +
r0
'
&
&
C
7

Static - +
r0

Chapter 4 General Equilibrium

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Chapter 4 General Equilibrium

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