F18XC1 Solutions 8: Applications of Multiple Integrals

8.1.
x
r = a
y
For C the range is 0 < 2 and the r range
is 0 < r < a. Hence
_ _
C
_
x
2
+ y
2
dA =
_
2
0
__
a
0
r r dr
_
d =
_
2
0
a
3
3
d = 2a
3
/3 .
8.2.
(a) A sketch of the region is as follows:
(3, 0)
x
0
r = 3
(0, 3)
y
The range is 0 < < /2 and the r range is 0 < r < 3. Hence
_
3
0
_

9y
2
0
x
2
y dxdy =
_
/2
0
_
3
0
(r
2
cos
2
)(r sin )r dr d =
_
/2
0
_
3
0
r
4
cos
2
sin dr d
=
_
/2
0
243
5
cos
2
sin d =
81
5
.
(We have used the substitution u = cos , so du = sin d, u = 0 at = /2, and
u = 1 at = 0:
_
/2
0
cos
2
sin d =
_
0
1
u
2
du =
_
1
0
u
2
du =
1
3
.)
(b) A sketch of the region is as follows:
0
x
r = 1
y
1
The range is /4 < < /2 and the r range is 0 < r < 1. Hence
_
1/

2
0
_

1x
2
x
_
1 + x
2
+ y
2
dy dx =
_
/2
/4
_
1
0

1 + r
2
r dr d .
1
Set u = 1 + r
2
so du = 2r dr and
_
1 + r
2
r dr =
1
2
_
u
1
2
du =
1
2

2
3
u
3
2
=
1
3
(1 + r
2
)
3
2
.
Then
_
1/

2
0
_

1x
2
x
_
1 + x
2
+ y
2
dy dx =
_
/2
/4
_
1
3
(1 + r
2
)
3
2
_
1
0
d =

4

1
3
(

81) =

12
(2

21) .
8.3.
(i)
r = 1
x
y
For D the range is 0 < < and the r range is
0 < r < 1. Hence
_ _
D
sin
_
_
x
2
+ y
2
_
dA =
_

0
__
1
0
r sin r dr
_
d = (sin 1 cos 1) .
(ii)
r = 1
x
r = 2
y
For D the range is 0 < < 2 and the r range
is 1 < r < 2. Hence
_ _
D
sin
_
_
x
2
+ y
2
_
dA =
_
2
0
__
2
1
r sin r dr
_
d = 2(sin 2 2 cos 2 sin 1 + sin 2) .
(Integrating by parts,
_
r sin r dr = r cos r +
_
cos r dr = sin r r cos r.)
2
8.4.
Here is a sketch of the situation:
The paraboloid crosses the x - y plane where z = 0, i.e. on the circle x
2
+ y
2
= r
2
= 4.
Hence the region of integration is C given by 0 < < 2, 0 < r < 2. Inside this region C
the lower surface is z = 0 while the upper surface is z = 4 x
2
y
2
= 4 r
2
. Therefore
volume =
_ _
C
(4 r
2
) dA =
_
2
0
_
2
0
(4 r
2
)r dr d =
__
2
0
d
___
2
0
(4 r
2
)r dr
_
= 2[2r
2
r
4
/4]
2
0
= 2(8 4) = 8 .
3
8.5.
The region is as shown on the right. We wish to calculate
the volume, which is given by
_ _
T
(x
2
+ 2y
2
) dA. For T,
the x range is 0 < x < 1 and the y range (given x) is
0 < y < 2x.
0
y
x
(1, 0)
(1, 2)
T
y = 2x
The volume is then
_
1
0
_
2x
0
(x
2
+ 2y
2
) dy dx =
_
1
0
_
x
2
y +
2
3
y
3
_
y=2x
y=0
dx =
_
1
0
(2x
3
+
16
3
x
3
) dx
=
_
1
0
22
3
x
3
dx =
_
22
12
x
4
_
1
0
=
11
6
.
8.6.
2
1
2
0
x
y
z = 2 2x 2y
z
0
y
x
(1, 0)
T
y = 2 2x
(2, 0)
The plane 2x + y + z = 2 cuts the x - y plane
along the line 2x + y = 2 so the required volume
is that above the triangle T (x > 0, y > 0, with
2x + y < 2) and below the given plane, i.e. the
volume is
_ _
T
(22xy) dA. For T the x range is 0 < x < 1
while, given x, the y range is 0 < y < 2 2x.
The volume is then
_
1
0
_
22x
0
(2 2x y) dy dx =
_
1
0
_
(2 2x)y
1
2
y
2
_
y=22x
y=0
dx =
1
2
_
1
0
(2 2x)
2
dx
= 2
_
1
0
(1 x)
2
=
2
3
_
(1 x)
3

1
0
=
2
3
.
8.7.
The average height = volume/(area of base) = (integral of height)/area =
1
area
_ _
base
H(x, y) dA =
1
3 1
_
3
0
_
2
1
(x
2
+ y
2
) dy dx =
1
3
_
3
0
_
x
2
y +
y
3
3
_
y=2
y=1
dx
=
1
3
_
3
0
_
x
2
+
7
3
_
dx =
1
3
_
x
3
3
+
7x
3
_
3
0
=
1
3
(9 + 7) =
16
3
.
4
8.8.
x
y = x
(0, 0)
(2, 0)
(1, 1)
T
y
y = 2 x
The triangle, say T, lies in x > 0 and is bounded
by the lines x = y and x + y = 2. Hence the y
range is 0 < y < 1 while, given y, the x range is
y < x < 2 y.
The mass (in grammes) is then
_
1
0
_
2y
y
(x, y) dx dy
=
_
1
0
_
2y
y
(1 + 6x + 12y) dxdy =
_
1
0
_
x + 3x
2
+ 12xy

x=2y
x=y
dy
=
_
1
0
[(2 y) + 3(2 y)
2
+ 12y(2 y) y 3y
2
12y
2
] dy
=
_
1
0
(14 + 10y 24y
2
) dy =
_
14y + 5y
2
8y
3

1
0
= 11 .
The x coordinate of the centre of mass is (in cm) given by
x =
_ _
T
x(x, y) dA
_ _
T
(x, y) dA
=
_
1
0
_
2y
y
x(1 + 6x + 12y) dx dy
_
1
0
_
2y
y
(1 + 6x + 12y) dxdy
=
1
11
_
1
0
_
2y
y
x(1+6x+12y) dxdy .
The y coordinate of the centre of mass is (in cm) given by
y =
_ _
T
y(x, y) dA
_ _
T
(x, y) dA
=
_
1
0
_
2y
y
y(1 + 6x + 12y) dxdy
_
1
0
_
2y
y
(1 + 6x + 12y) dx dy
=
1
11
_
1
0
_
2y
y
y(1+6x+12y) dxdy .
5