ProbIem 2: Section 9.

3 #24
24.
How many integers from 1 through 1,000 are multiples
of 2 or multiples of 9?
Suppose an integer from 1 through 1,000 is chosen at
random. Use the result of part (a) to find the probability
that the integer is a multiple of 2 or a multiple of 9.
How many integers from 1 through 1,000 are neither
multiples of 2 nor multiples of 9?
ProbIem 2 Part A
How many integers from 1 through 1,000 are
multiples of 2 or multiples of 9?
ProbIem 2 Part A (1 of 5)
Define the Sets:
Let A = the set of all integers from 1 to 1,000 that are multiples of 2
Let B = the set of all integers from 1 to 1,000 that are multiples of 9
So, (A B) is the set of all integers from 1 to 1,000 that are multiples of 2 or 9
And (A i B) is the set of all integers from 1 to 1,000 that are multiples of 2 and 9
Or (A i B) is the set of all integers from 1 to 1,000 that are multiples of 18
Work: ExpIanation:
ProbIem 2 Part A (2 of 5)
Step 1: Determine how many integers
in the range from 1 to 1000 are
multiples of 2
|1000 - 2 |
-------------- + 1
2
((Floor of ((1000 - 2) / 2) + 1))
= 499 + 1
n(A) = 500
Work: ExpIanation:
ProbIem 2 Part A (3 of 5)
Step 2: Determine how many integers
in the range from 1 to 1000 are
multiples of 9
|1000 - 9 |
-------------- + 1
9
(Floor of ((1000 - 9) / 9) + 1))
= 110 + 1
n(B) = 111
Work: ExpIanation:
ProbIem 2 Part A (4 of 5)
Step 3: Determine how many integers
in the range from 1 to 1000 are
multiples of 18 (both 2 AND 9)
|1000 - 18 |
-------------- + 1
18
(Floor of ((1000 - 18) / 18) + 1))
= 54 + 1
n(A i B) = 55
Answer: ExpIanation:
ProbIem 2 Part A (5 of 5)
Step 4: nclusion/Exclusion Rule:
n(AUB) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A i B)
n(AUB) = 500 + 111 - 55
Answer: n(AUB) = 556
ProbIem 2 Part B
b. Suppose an integer from 1 through 1,000 is chosen at
random. Use the result of part (a) to find the probability
that the integer is a multiple of 2 or a multiple of 9.
Answer: ExpIanation:
ProbIem 2 Part B
Value from Part A (number of integers
that are divisible by two or Nine) =
556. This is the event.
Sample set = All the possible integers
= 1000
Formula for probability is P = E/S
Probability = 556 / 1000
= 0.556
Answer: P = 55.6%
ProbIem 2 Part C
c. How many integers from 1 through 1,000 are neither
multiples of 2 nor multiples of 9?
Work: ExpIanation:
ProbIem 2 Part C (1 of 2)
Let (A B
c
) = the set of all integers
from 1 to 1,000 that are neither
multiples of 2 nor multiples of 9.
Let U (the universe) = the set of all
integers from 1 to 1,000
U = 1,000
Work: ExpIanation:
ProbIem 2 Part C (2 of 2)
Find the Complement of (A B).
(A B
c
) = U - (A B)
(A B
c
) = 1,000 - 556
Answer: (A B
c
) = 444
ProbIem 3: Section 9.6 #7
Another way to count the number of nonnegative integral solutions to an
equation of the form x
1
+x
2
++x
n
=m is to reduce the problem to one of finding
the number of n tuples (y
1
,y
2
,...,y
n
) with 0>y
1
>y
2
>>y
n
>m. The reduction
results from letting y
i
=x
1
+x
2
++x
i
for each i =1,2,...,n. Use this approach to
derive a general formula for the number of nonnegative integral solutions to
x
1
+x
2
++x
n
=m.
ProbIem 3
To help explain this problem, we are going to a solve exercise number 3 from
the textbook in section 9.6.
Problem: A bakery produces six different kinds of pastry, one of which is
eclairs. Assume there are at least 20 pastries of each kind.
a. How many different selections of twenty pastries are there?
b. How many different selections of twenty pastries are there if at least
three must be eclairs?
c. How many different selections of twenty pastries contain at most two
eclairs?
ProbIem 3 Part A
a. How many different selections of twenty pastries are there?
To solve we use the following
equation:
Where r will represent the number of
combinations with repetitions allowed
and n will represent the number of
elements that can be selected from a
set.
Let r=20 and n=6

ProbIem 3 Part B
b. How many different selections of twenty pastries are there if at least
three must be eclairs?
n this part of the problem the number of eclairs
is 3, so we must show that the number of eclairs
represent one repetition.
20 - 3 = 17.
Since there must be at least three eclairs in the
selection of 20 pastries, let r be equal to 17.
ProbIem 3 Part C
c. How many different selections of twenty pastries contain at most two
eclairs?
Let S represent the set of selections that
contain any one of six pastries.
Let R represent the set of selections that
contain three or more eclairs.
Let T represent the set of selections that
contain two or less eclairs.
To find T we must find the difference from S
and R.
S - R = T
53,130 - 26,334 = 26,796
ProbIem 3 ConcIusion
Thus, to find number of nonnegative integral solutions to:
where m represents the number of identical objects (in the example's case,
pastries) that are found in n distinct locations (number of selections). The
equation that can be derived from this is: