Energy and Environment

and Environment
Chemlcal-Looplng CombusLlon of Solld luels
in a 10 kW
th
Pilot
nlcolas 8erguerand
les keocoottes 5cleotlflpoes Je llll
1
st
lotetootloool coofeteoce oo cbemlcol-looploq
17-19 March 2010
ueparLmenL of Lnergy and LnvlronmenL
Chalmers unlverslLy of 1echnology
Energy and Environment
Alr
8eacLor
(A8)
luel
8eacLor
(l8)
Me
x
C
y
Me
x
C
y-1
Alr luel
n
2
(C
2
)
CC
2
P
2
C
Chemlcal-Looplng CombusLlon (CLC)
Reduction
Oxidation
Me
x
O
y-1
+1/2 O
2
Me
x
O
y
(1)
Me
x
O
y
+ CO/H
2
Me
x
O
y-1
+ CO
2
/H
2
O (4)
Me
x
O
y
+ volatilesMe
x
O
y-1
+CO
2
+H
2
O (2)
C + H
2
O CO + H
2
(3)
Energy and Environment
1he 10 kW
Lh
CLC unlL for solld fuels
Air
Peocfor
FueI Peocfor
CycIone
FueI reocfor
CycIone
H
Z
0 M
Z
Corbon
Sfripper
Air
FueI feed
LOVEL
4 4
CS
Windboxes
Bed
Level
to
AR
from
cyclone
from
FR cyclone
to
FR cyclone
2
188 mm
2
7
3

m
m
36.6 mm
2
2
7

m
m
Energy and Environment
luel
8eacLor sysLem
lssue: devolaLlllzaLlon occurrlng
ln Lhe fuel chuLe
low converslon of volaLlles
luel chuLe
Energy and Environment
LxperlmenLal - arLlcles and CperaLlon
Cxygen carrler: naLural ore llmenlLe, lron LlLanlum oxlde le1lC
3
luels: (a) a peLroleum coke from Mexlco (hlgh S, low ash)
(b) a SouLh Afrlcan coal (hlgher volaLlles, ash, reacLlvlLy)
arameLers: parLlcle clrculaLlon, LemperaLure ln l8
luel addlLlon: conLlnuous or baLchwlse (cllngfllm bags)
Energy and Environment
uaLa LvaluaLlon - key erformance CrlLerla
A8 l8
Me
x
C
y
l
C,A8
l
C,luLL
l
C,l8
,
OD
Alr
Me
x
C
y-1
(char)

CC
n
2
/sLeam
AR C FR C
FR C
CC
F F
F
, ,
,
+
=
Carbon capLure efflclency of Lhe sysLem
Cas converslon: oxygen demand
(CC, P
2
, CP
4
, P
2
S)
= oxygen mlsslng/oxygen requlred
OD

ClrculaLlon lndex (Cl): quallLaLlve measure

of Lhe parLlcle clrculaLlon beLween A8/l8
lnsLanLaneous raLe of fuel converslon
8esulLs from 8aLch CperaLlon
8eneflclal effecL of clrculaLlon on Lhe syngas converslon
lor peL coke aL 930C, Lhe oxygen demand for Lhe syngas
was ln Lhe range 12-13
Cas converslons as hlgh as 93, lf P
2
S ls excluded
volaLlles accounL for 73 of Lhe LoLal demand of oxygen
Energy and Environment
Energy and Environment
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Fuel conversion (-)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
I
n
s
t
a
n
t
a
n
e
o
u
s

r
a
t
e

o
f

c
o
n
v
e
r
s
i
o
n

(
-
/
m
i
n
)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
1000C
950C
980C
970C
1030C
lnfluence of luel 8eacLor 1emperaLure
k
930
=18 /mln
k
1030
=40 /mln
8aLe lncreased aL
hlgher LemperaLure
k
970
=47 /mln
k
1000
=101 /mln
SouLh Afrlcan coal
eL coke
Energy and Environment
O
2,AR
(t = 0) - O
2,AR
(t) ~ t
N-1
.e
-t/(/N)
luel 8eacLor Modelllng - 8esldence 1lme
CI
) 58 ( 1178
=
CI
m
m =
1178

8esldence Llme
arLlcle clrculaLlon
8esldence Llme dlsLrlbuLlon
n mulLlsLage beds ln serles
Cl (ka.L/mln) 34 78 102 121 141 236
n (-) 1.8 2 2.3 3 3 3
(mln) 33.3 14.3 11 9.6 8.2 3.7
(CI=141)
Energy and Environment
Summary
The particle circulation had a beneficial effect on the conversion of syngas
Higher temperature had a beneficial effect on the rate of char conversion
The volatiles account for 75% of the total demand of oxygen. This is caused
by fuel addition system, giving a volatiles release above the bed
It was possible to model the system and derive a correlation between
measured operational data and actual circulation mass flow
From modelling, the carbon capture of the system vs. the residence time
could be obtained and compared to experimental expressions. The two
approaches showed good agreement