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Codes and Standards Training Institute (CASTI)

Preheating [330]

Preheating for all types of piping welds is covered in B31.3 under 330. The second sentence of
330.1 states: The necessity for preheating and the temperature to be used shall be specified in the
engineering design and demonstrated by procedure qualification. If such requirements are not
included in the engineering design, then the minimum Code requirements are generally assumed.
Table 330.1.1 gives minimum requirements and recommendations for preheat, based on P-Number
and thickness. When selecting minimum preheats from this table, there are three additional
conditions to consider:

a) For ambient temperatures below 0C (32F), recommendations of Table 330.1.1 become
mandatory requirements, 330.1.1. Many owner specifications also contain a statement to
the effect that code recommended preheat shall be interpreted as mandatory preheat.
b) When base metals of a dissimilar weld have different preheat requirements, the higher
temperature shown in the table is recommended, 330.2.3. Again, many owner specifications
may make this recommendation a mandatory requirement.
c) 330.1.1 thickness refers to the thickness of the thicker component measured at the joint.

330.1.4 defines the preheat zone shall extend at least 25 mm (1 in.) beyond each edge of the weld.

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Codes and Standards Training Institute (CASTI)
Practice Problem Q12: Preheating
If the ambient temperature is below 0C (32F), the preheat temperatures in ASME B31.3 become:

a) recommendations or requirements
b) recommendations or requirements, provided they are qualified in a written WPS
c) minimum requirements
d) maximum requirements
e) as required in the WPS


Practice Problem Q13: Preheating
How are preheat requirements established for unlisted materials in ASME B31.3?

a) preheat requirements for an unlisted material shall be specified in the WPS
b) unlisted material require a minimum preheat of 200F or as specified on the WPS provided it
is acceptable to the owners inspector
c) preheat requirements for an unlisted material may be specified in the WPS, but no less than
200F
d) unlisted materials are not allowed in B31.3
e) as required in the WPS


Practice Problem Q14: Preheating
For new ASME B31.3 process pipe welding, what is the size of the preheat zone?

a) at least 1 in. beyond each edge of the weld
b) not less than 1 in. in all directions from the point of welding
c) 1 to 3 in. beyond each edge of the weld
d) in all directions from the point of welding for a distance of 1 in. or 1.25 times the base metal
thickness, whichever is greater
e) at least 2 in. beyond each edge of the weld


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Codes and Standards Training Institute (CASTI)
The following Example and Practice Problem illustrate how to determine the preheat requirement
given a pipe material and size.

Example Q15: Preheat Requirements
What is the B31.3 preheat requirement for 10 in. O.D., Schedule 140 (1.000 in.), ASTM A106/A106M
Grade B seamless piping material, when the ambient temperature is 0F?

The P-No. for this material can be read from Table A-1.



Since ASTM A106/A106M Grade B is a P-No. 1 and the ambient temperature is below 32F, then the
recommended preheat of 175F in Table 330.1.1 becomes mandatory in accordance with 330.1.1.
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Codes and Standards Training Institute (CASTI)
Example Q16: Preheat Requirements
What is the B31.3 preheat requirement for 10 in. O.D., Schedule 80 (0.594 in.), ASTM A335/A335M
Grade P11 seamless piping material?

The P-No. for this material can be read from Table A-1.



Using the P-No., the required minimum preheat temperature can be read from Table 330.1.1.



The preheat requirement from Table 330.1.1 is 300F (149C) minimum.
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Codes and Standards Training Institute (CASTI)
Practice Problem Q17: Preheat Requirements
What is the B31.3 preheat requirement for NPS 10, Schedule 80 (0.594 in.), ASTM A335/A335M
Grade P1 seamless piping material when welding at an ambient temperature of 0F?

a) 50F
b) 150F
c) 175F
d) 200F
e) 250F



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Codes and Standards Training Institute (CASTI)
Practice Problem Q17: Preheat Requirements [SOLUTION]
What is the B31.3 preheat requirement for NPS 10, Schedule 80 (0.594 in.), ASTM A335/A335M
Grade P1 seamless piping material when welding at an ambient temperature of 0F?

From Table A-1, the P-No. for this material is 3.



The minimum preheat temperature can be read off of Table 330.1.1. The material has a base metal
group Cr %, and NPS 10 Sch 80 pipe has a nominal thickness in.



The preheat requirement from Table 330.1.1 is 175F (149C) minimum, since 330.1.1 requires that
when the ambient temperature is below 0C (32F), the recommendations in Table 330.1.1 become
requirements.


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