King suad university

College of engineering
Chemical engineering department

Absorption
ChE403

Alawi Al-Awami

423101724

Meshal Al-Jahani

424105851

Meshal Al-Saeed

423105653

Date: 8/5/1429
Supervised :Dr. Malik Al-Ahmad

Table of Contents:
Title

Page

Summary

Introduction

Expierment objective

Theory

Schematic diagram

Experimental procedure
Results & Calculation

9
10

Discussion & Conclusion

16

Reference

17

 Summary:
The objective of this experimental To examine the air pressure
differential across the column as a function of air flow rate
different water flow rates down the column.

Pressure differential should be plotted as a function of air flow

rate on log-log graph paper for each water flow rate.

From our experimental we read differential height and

calculated the differential pressure by using equation.

P= *g *h
We calculated the results from table (1) to (6) and plotted loglog graph between air flow rate VS. Differential pressure.

Introduction:

Absorption is a mass transfer process in which a vapor solute A in a gas mixture

is absorbed by means of a liquid in which the solute more or less soluble. The gas
mixture consists mainly of an inert gas and the soluble. The liquid also is
primarily in the gas phase; that is, its vaporization into the gas phase is relatively
slight. A typical example is absorption of the solute ammonia from an airammonia mixture by water. Subsequently, the solute is recovered from the
solution by distillation. In the reverse process desorption or stripping, the same
principle and equations hold.(1)
A major application of a absorption technology is the removal of CO2 and H2S
from nature gas or synthesis gas by absorption in solution of amines or alkaline
salts.(2)
A common apparatus used in gas absorption and certain other operations is the
packed tower, shown in Fig. (1) . The device consists of a cylindrical column, or
tower, equipped with a gas inlet an distributing space at the bottom; a liquid inlet
and distributor at the top; gas and liquid outlet at the top and bottom,
respectively; and a supported mass of inert solid shapes, called tower packing.(2)
Common dumped packing, Ceramic Berl saddles and Raschig rings are older
types of packing that are not much used now, although there were big
improvements over ceramic spheres or crushed stone when first introduced. The
shape prevent pieces from nesting closely together, and this increasing the bed
porosity.(2)
In given packed tower with a given type and size of packing and with defined
flow of liquid, there is an upper limit to the rate of gas flow, called the flooding
velocity. Above this gas velocity the tower cannot operate. At the flow rate called
the loading point, the gas start to hander the liquid downflow, and local
accumulations or pools of liquid start to appear in the packing.(1)

FIG (1): PACKED TOWER FLOW AND CHARACSTERISTICS

FOR ABSORPSTION.


objective

Expierment

To exmine the air pressure differential across the column

as a function of air flow rate for different water flow rate
down the column by Ploting the pressure differential as a
function of air flow rate on log-log graph paper and
establish the relationship between these variable.

Theory:

P= *g *h
Where:

P: differential pressure. (g/cm.s2)

: density. (g/cm3)
g: gravity constant. (cm/s2)
h: hight (cm H2O)

Plot the pressure differential as a function of air flow rate

on log-log graph paper and establish the relationship
between these variable.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM :( 3)

FIG (2): Gas absorption device.

Experimental Procedure:
9

1- The first step we dried by passing the maximum air flow until all
evidence of moisture in the packing has disappeared.
2- We run on of the pump of air.
3- At zero flow of air we read the hight and recorded it
4- We increased flow air to 20(l/min) and read of hight a cross the
column.
5- We increased flow air to 40,60, 80,,180(l/min) and read of hight then
recorded it for each one.
6- After that we changed flow of water to 1.5(l/min) and repeat step 3 to 5
after that changed flow water to 2, 2.5, and 3(l/min).
7- The range of possible air flow rates will decrease with increasing water
flow rate duo to onset of flooding of column, which should be noted.

10

Result & Calculation:.

dry colunm
air flow rate l /min
water flow rate l/min
p (cm H2O)
p (g/cm.s2)
log air flow rate
(l/min)
log p (g/cm.s2)

20
0
0.2
196
1.3010299
96
2.2922560
71

40
0
0.4
392
1.60206
2.59328
6

60
0
0.4
392
1.77815
1
2.59328
6

80
0
0.4
392

100
0
0.3
294

1.90309
2.59328
6

2
2.46834
7

120
0
1.7
1666
2.07918
1
3.22167
5

140
0
2.6
2548
2.14612
8
3.40619
9

Table (1): data of flow (air + water) and differential pressure at

dried column

dry colunm
4

3.5

log air flow rate l /min

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

log p (g/cm.s2)

Figure (3): graph of log P vs. log air flow.

11

160
0
3.8
3724
2.2041
2
3.5710
1

.
wet column
air flow rate l /min
water flow rate l/min
p (cm H2O)
p (g/cm.s2)
log air flow rate
(l/min)

20
0
0.2
196
1.3010299
96
2.2922560
71

log p (g/cm.s2)

40
0
0.1
98
1.60206
1.99122
6

60
0
0.2
196
1.77815
1
2.29225
6

80
0
0.6
588

100
0
1.1
1078

1.90309
2.76937
7

2
3.03261
9

120
0
1.8
1764
2.07918
1
3.24649
9

140
0
2.4
2352
2.14612
8
3.37143
7

Table (2): data of flow (air + water) and differential pressure at wet
column

wet colunm
2.5

log air flow rate (l/min)

1.5

0.5

0
2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.7

log p (g/cm.s2)

Figure (4): graph of log P vs. log air flow.

12

160
0
4.2
4116
2.20412
3.61447
5

.
wet column
air flow rate l /min
water flow rate l/min
p (cm H2O)
p (g/cm.s2)
log air flow rate
(l/min)
log p (g/cm.s2)

20
1.5
0.6
588
1.3010299
96
2.7693773
26

40
1.5
1.2
1176
1.60206
3.07040
7

60
1.5
0.2
196
1.77815
1
2.29225
6

80
1.5
0.6
588

100
1.5
1.6
1568

1.90309
2.76937
7

2
3.19534
6

120
1.5
4.4
4312
2.07918
1
3.63467
9

140
1.5
6.2
6076
2.14612
8
3.78361
8

Table (3): data of flow (air + water) and differential pressure at 1.5(L/min) of
flow water

13

160
1.5
10.6
10388
2.20412
4.01653
2

water flow rate =1.5 (l/min)

2.5

log air flow rate (l/min)

1.5

0.5

0
2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.7

3.9

4.1

log p (g/cm.s2)

Figure (5): graph of log P vs. log air flow.

wet column
air flow rate l /min
water flow rate l/min
p (cm H2O)
p (g/cm.s2)
log air flow rate
(l/min)
log p (g/cm.s2)

20
2
0.4
392
1.3010299
96
2.5932860
67

40
2
0.2
196
1.60206
2.29225
6

60
2
0.2
196
1.77815
1
2.29225
6

80
2
1.8
1764

100
2
3.4
3332

1.90309
3.24649
9

2
3.52270
5

120
2
6.4
6272
2.07918
1
3.79740
6

140
2
10.6
10388
2.14612
8
4.01653
2

Table (4): data of flow (air + water) and differential pressure at 2(L/min) of flow
water.

14

160
2
20.6
20188
2.20412
4.30509
3

water flow rate =2(l/min)

2.5

air flow rate l /min

1.5

0.5

0
2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.7

3.9

4.1

4.3

4.5

log p (g/cm.s2)

Figure (6): graph of log P vs. log air flow.

.
wet column
air flow rate l /min
water flow rate l/min
p (cm H2O)
p (g/cm.s2)
log air flow rate
(l/min)
log p (g/cm.s2)

20
2.5
0.2
196
1.3010299
96
2.2922560
71

40
2.5
0.2
196
1.60206
2.29225
6

60
2.5
0.4
392
1.77815
1
2.59328
6

80
2.5
2.4
2352

100
2.5
4.8
4704

1.90309
3.37143
7

2
3.67246
7

120
2.5
10.2
9996
2.07918
1
3.99982
6

140
2.5
11.2
10976
2.14612
8
4.04044
4

Table (5): data of flow (air + water) and differential pressure at 2.5(L/min) of
flow water

15

160
2.5
20
19600
2.20412
4.29225
6

waterflow rate =2.5 (l/min)

2.5

log air flow rate (l/min)

1.5

0.5

0
2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.7

3.9

4.1

4.3

4.5

log p (g/cm.s2)

Figure (7): graph of log P vs. log air flow.

.
wet column
air flow rate l /min
water flow rate l/min
p (cm H2O)
p (g/cm.s2)
log air flow rate
(l/min)
log p (g/cm.s2)

20
3
3.6
3528
1.3010299
96
3.5475285
76

40
3
2
1960
1.60206
3.29225
6

60
3
0.6
588
1.77815
1
2.76937
7

80
3
1
980

100
3
4.2
4116

1.90309
2.99122
6

2
3.61447
5

120
3
11
10780
2.07918
1
4.03261
9

140
3
20
19600
2.14612
8
4.29225
6

Table (6): data of flow (air + water) and differential pressure at 3(L/min) of flow
water

16

160
3
45
44100
2.20412
4.64443
9

water flow rate=3 (l/min)

2.5

log air flow rate (l/min)

1.5

0.5

0
1

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

log p (g/cm.s2)

Figure (8): graph of log P vs. log air flow.

Discussion & Conclusions:

The pressure difference increased when the air flow and water flow

increased.
The flooding point decreases as the air flow increases (the high water

flow the gives less flooding point )

17

 The slope of the flooding curve is decreasing with the increasing

of the water flow rate

18

References:
1. Chirstie J.Geankoplis, ( Transport Process and Unit Operation ), 4rd
edition. University of Minnesota, 2003 by person Education,
"Publishing as Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference",
pages: 645- 650.
2. Warren L. McCabe, Julian C. Smith and Peter Harriott,(UNIT
OPERATION OF CHAMICAL ENGINEERING), 7th edition,
international edition 2005,published by McGraw-Hill, Avenue of
the Americas, pages: 565-568.
3. Aziz M. Abu-Khalaf, ( Chemical Engineering Education, CEE 32
(3) ), King Suad University 1998.

19

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