Kara Cline Canada and World War One 2.

-Constant Shellfire: Many men were killed by snipers when they peered over the edges of the trenches -Disease: ats spread infection and contaminated food s!pplies" lice also spread infection and ca!sed trench fever #a nasty disease$" %rench foot was a f!ngal infection of the foot common in the trenches d!e to wet" cold" !nsanitary trenches -Work Cycle: &ittle to no days of rest" cycle that constantly p!t soldiers in the line of fire whether it was front line or s!pport trenches -Weather: %he rain" snow" wind made living in the trenches even worse. 'verything was soaked and the trenches wo!ld fill with water" the m!d walls co!ld sometimes collapse as well -Stench: %he corpses of dead men gave off fo!l odors" along with lingering smell of poison gas" cigarette smoke" men who had not showered in months -Poison Gas Attacks: %he trenches wo!ld be filled with poison gas by the enemies which choked the men to death -No Mans Land: %he flat stretch of land was very dangero!s as the enemy co!ld spot yo! and yo! wo!ld be dead in an instant. (t night men were sent !p to repair barbed wire fences and many were killed when spotted by enemy soldiers. %he field was littered with dead men. -Bombs: (ir raids were common) bombs being dropped into enemy trenches killed tho!sands *. Battle of Y res! +n the ,attle of -pres the Canadians fo!ght along side ,ritish and .rench against the /ermans. %he troops were stationed in -pres 0alient" a b!lge in front of the city of -pres. 1!ring this battle the /ermans had the !pper gro!nd with the ability to shoot down into the Canadian" .rench and ,ritish trenches. On (pril 22nd" 2324 the /ermans la!nched a new weapon" chlorine gas. eleasing over 256 tons of chlorine gas it drifted across to the allies and sank down into their trenches. %he .rench were forced o!t of their trenches" scrambling for their lives from the poison gas. %his left a gaping hole in the (llies wall of defense for the /ermans to march right thro!gh. %he Canadian troops worked all night to close the hole in their defense. %he troops also la!nched co!nter attacks against the /ermans. (ltho!gh these attacks bo!ght the troop7s precio!s time they came at a very high price of heavy cas!alties. (nother gas attack by the /ermans" this time aimed at the Canadian line of troops was meant to wipe o!t the -pres 0alient for good. %hro!gh the intense fight littered with machine g!ns" poison gas and bombs the Canadian troops held o!t !ntil reinforcements came. %he ,attle of -pres earned Canadian troops the rep!tation of a strong fighting force that will not back down. %heir co!rage and bravery came at a heavy cost with over 5"666 Canadian cas!alties. Battle of Somme! %he ,attle of 0omme was one of the bloodiest battles ever recorded in history with over 2.4 million cas!alties. +t was planned to be a ,ritish and .rench 8oint attack to wear down the /erman forces. %hese plans changed however when /ermans started the ,attle of 9erd!n and the .rench had to take !p the defensive. :ow their plan was to draw the /ermans away from their offensive position in the ,attle of 9erd!n to relieve the .rench. %he ,ritish spent the first few days of battle pelting the /ermans with artillery hoping to completely obliterate their trenches and barbed wire. Men were sent over the top of trenches for what was s!pposed to be an easy walk into the /erman trenches after all the artillery fired b!t were instead met by rifles and machine g!ns. %he /ermans along the 0omme had created deep d!go!ts that were hard to find" m!ch less attack with artillery. %here were very heavy cas!alties the first few days of the ,attle of 0omme.

Canadians entered the battle in late (!g!st of 2325. %he Canadians held the line on the left side of the fo!rth ,ritish (rmy. %he Canadian troops were very important in the ,attle of 0omme" capt!ring a ma8or /erman stronghold" the town of Co!rcelette. %he Canadians fo!ght off n!mero!s attacks from the /ermans thro!gho!t the fall and even la!nched some co!nter attacks themselves. ;!st before the ,attle of 0omme ended the Canadians capt!red their main ob8ective" a series of fortified /erman trenches which the Canadians labeled as the egina %rench and f!rther on the 1esire %rench. %he ne<t day the ,attle of 0omme ended. +t was a br!tal battle" fo!ght hard with tho!sands of cas!alties on all sides. =. Witho!t the men at home the women had to take over the labor force. Canada s!pplied amm!nition for the war. Women were re>!ired to work in the factories prod!cing weapons for the war effort. %hey prod!ced amm!nition for the soldiers. Canada also s!pplied food to the men d!ring war. ( lot of cattle and wheat was farmed d!ring the war as it made good food for the men. Canada also s!pplied men to the war effort. &ots of men from Canada vol!nteered to go to war which was a great help. 4. -Women went to work d!ring the war and were making their own money. %hey worked in factories to help aid the war effort instead of 8!st staying at home. When the men came home and took their 8obs back women fo!ght to be able to contin!e working. -%he war effort helped strengthen women7s p!sh for the right to vote. %he government needed men to go to war and saw wives and mothers of soldiers potential s!pporters for conscription" meaning every able bodied man had to go to war. %he government needed the votes to get conscription so they gave voting rights to women who were wives or mothers of soldiers. ,y 232? all women" with the e<ception of .irst :ations women" had the right to vote in a federal election. -.ashion and 0tyle changed a lot from 232= to 232?. +n 232= everything women wore had to be very modest and cover her from neck to toe. ,y 232@ the hemlines were above the knees and necklines co!ld dip as low as women liked. /one was the traditional style long hair. :ow it was c!t short" above the sho!lders in a bob often. Corsets went o!t of style as well. 5. a$ 2-%he war wasn7t short like the men originally tho!ght it wo!ld be. Men didn7t want to go to war that lasted that long. 2-%he war didn7t seem like s!ch a good idea after all the tho!sands of cas!alties of Canadian soldiers. Men didn7t want to go be sla!ghtered. *-%here were more 8obs opening !p back at home and the men didn7t need to go off to war to be employed. =-%here was s!ch a boom of enlistment at the very start of war" there was 8!st no way that many men wo!ld contin!e to vol!nteer. Men started to realiAe what a bad idea war was and didn7t want to willingly go anymore. b$ 2-%he .rench Canadians were always less s!pportive of the war efforts. %hey were a little s!spicio!s and !nkind towards the ,ritish 'mpire and did not want to waste their lives defending it. 2- eg!lation 2@" a law passed by Ottawa" which banned the teaching of the .rench-lang!age in schools. %his law !pset the .rench Canadians and had a negative effect on recr!iting men for war. %he .rench Canadians did not want to s!pport Canada when they did not s!pport the .rench. *-Most battalions were made !p of all 'nglish speaking soldiers. %his hardly prompted .rench speaking men to want to 8oin !p. =-.rench Canadians felt sec!re in not vol!nteering as Brime Minister obert ,orden promised there wo!ld be no obligatory military service known as conscription. c$ Conscription was passed into law on (!g!st 2?. .ollowing this there was two days of riots in Montreal. 0tore windows were being smashed and tram railway tracks being ripped !p. Over a h!ndred police officers were called in to disperse the crowd. ( few were in8!red along with a

co!ple demonstrators. %he ne<t day" one of the rioters was killed. (t the end of March" 232? a riot in C!ebec City saw fo!r demonstrators killed and another doAen in8!red when Conscript troops open fired on the crowd with machine g!ns. %he violence was a shock to the co!ntry and people" religio!s fig!res begged for it to be stopped. iots stopped b!t there wo!ld forever be bitterness in the .rench Canadian people. %he conservative party" which bro!ght in conscription fo!nd it hard for many years to get any votes from C!ebec. %he conscription drove a permanent wedge between 'nglish and .rench Canadians. @. %he Dalifa< e<plosion was a collision of two ships in the Dalifa< Darbo!r called the Mont ,lanc and the +mo. One of the ships was carrying e<plosives. Epon collision it created a h!ge fire followed by an e<plosion. %he shrapnel and falling debris killed more than 2566" in8!red over 3666 and damaged aro!nd 22"666 b!ildings in Dalifa<. %his e<plosion devastated the city" covering over *24 acres of Dalifa<. ?. F0trengthened defenses by raiding enemies and gathering important information -Made a f!ll scale model of battle area for !nits to practice positioning on -1!g a series of s!bways that totaled a distance of 4km -%hese s!bways provided: protection" allowed wo!nded to be bro!ght back" had piped water" telephone lines" electric generators" chambers in the walls for battalion head>!arters" held amm!nition" dressing stations and comm!nication centers -+ncreased artillery -Made new roads) =6km road repairs" =.?km new plank road" reconditioned tramways for light trains 3. %reaty of 9ersailles -%he /erman army was severely limited" c!t way back on military n!mbers" abolished their airforce" and limited their boats -/ermany lost land and colonies -/ermany had to pay f!ll reparations for World War One" amo!nting to aro!nd G5.5 billion -/ermany got the f!ll blame of World War One" which angered them and f!eled the fire leading to World War %wo 26. ,roadway ose ,y: Otis 0pencer" Martin .ried" and 0hannon .o!r #%his one is my favorite$ ,illy ,y: Darry Macdono!gh ( Berfect 1ay ,y: Carrie ;acobs-,ond" Denry ,!rr 22. ( famo!s Canadian sniper in World War One was named Denry &o!is :orwest. :orwest was a Metis marksman who had an amaAing record. +n the three years he was in the 46th Canadian +nfantry ,attalion :orwest achieved a sniping record of 224 fatal shots. :orwest spent most of his time in :o Man7s &and or slipping behind enemy lines. 1!ring the battle of 9imy idge he earned a Military Medal for showing great bravery" skill and initiative saving many men7s lives. On (!g!st 2?" three weeks before the end of war" as :orwest7s ,attalion was moving in to position on a ne<t assignment" an enemy sniper hit :orwest killing him instantly. (warded the Military Medal pl!s two bars for his bravery in ,elgi!m and .rance" .rancis Begahmagabow an O8ibwas from the Barry +sland ,and in Ontario was known as a peacef!l man. .rancis was a Canadian :ative sniper" part of the 2st Canadian +nfantry ,attalion. .rancis fo!ght in battles s!ch as -pres and 0omme. De was wo!nded at the ,attle of 0omme yet still made it back to ret!rn with his !nit to ,elgi!m. De was very brave" constantly risking his life to gather intelligence" amm!nition or save others. .rancis served in nearly the whole .irst World War and later became Chief of the Barry +sland ,and" dying on the reserve in 2342.

22. &ie!tenant (lan Mac&eod was only 2? years of age when he enlisted in the oyal .light Corps. De was sent to a place 8!st o!tside of %oronto for pilot training. +t didn7t take very long for Mac&eod to get comfortable with his aircraft. De was a nat!ral" Aipping aro!nd the sky in his (9 O 46=. Macleod completed flight training at Camp ,orden where he grad!ated flight school with less than 46 ho!rs of act!al flying e<perience. +n (!g!st of 232@ Mac&eod was off to .rance as a second &ie!tenant in the oyal .light Corps. Mac&eod7s flying observer was &ie!tenant (.W. Dammond. On a mission to ,ray-0!r-0omme" heavily loaded down with bombs and amm!nition Mac&eod and Dammond got ca!ght in some fog and were !nder attack from si< /erman .okker triplane7s. Mac&eod did his best to steer them o!t of the mess. With the plane heavily weighed down the /erman aircrafts were m!ch faster. Mac&eod was able to mane!ver the plane well eno!gh to allow Dammond to get some shots off with the machine g!n. ,oth men had s!ffered wo!nds and another b!llet had str!ck the f!el tank" catching the plane on fire. Mac&eod climbed o!t of the cockpit and controlling the plane from the side he managed to get them to the gro!nd safely. Ender heavy machine g!n fire and s!ffering from e<tensive g!n shot wo!nds &ie!tenant Mac&eod dragged Dammond" who was also gravely wo!nded" o!t of :o Man7s &and where the plane had crashed into safety. Mac&eod" at the yo!ng age of 23 died from his in8!ries. 1!e to his e<tensive bravery and loyalty to his friend Mac&eod was awarded the 9ictoria Cross.