TRANSFORMATION OF FORM: Dimensional transformation - Transformation by altering one or more of its dimensions and still retain its identity

y as a member of a family of forms Subtractive transformation - Transformation by subtracting a portion of its volume - Depending on the extent of the subtractive process, the form can retain its initial identity or be transformed into a form of another family Additive transformation - Transformation by the addition of elements to its volume - The nature of the additive process and the number and relative sizes of the elements being attached determine whether the identity of the initial form is altered or retained TYPES OF ADDITIVE OR GROUPING OF FORMS: Spatial tension - This type of relationship relies on the close proximity of the forms or their sharing of a common visual trait, such as shape..... Edge-to-edge contact - The forms share a common edge and can pivot about that edge Face-to-face contact - This type of relationship requires that the two forms have corresponding planar surfaces which are parallel to each other Interlocking volumes - The forms interpenetrate each others space - The forms need not share any visual traits CATEGORIES OF ADDITIVE FORMS: Centralized form - A number of secondary forms clustered about a dominant, central parent-form - These types of forms share the self-centering properties of the point and circle - Ideal as freestanding structures isolated within their context, dominating a point in space, or occupying the center of a defined field Linear form - A series of forms arranged sequentially in a row Radial form - A composition of linear forms extending outward from a central form in a radial manner - The organization of a radial form can best be seen and understood form an aerial viewpoint Clustered form - A collection of forms grouped together by proximity or the sharing of a common visual trait - A clustered organization groups its forms according to functional requirements of size, shape or proximity Grid form - A set of modular forms related and regulated by a three-dimensional grid - A system of two or more intersecting sets of regularly spaced parallel lines - The most common grid is based on the geometry of the square Articulation of form - Refers to the manner in which the surfaces of a form come together to define its shape and volume Corners - Define the meeting of two planes SURFACE ARTICULATION : 1. Color - A distinct contrast between the surface color of a plane and that of the surrounding field can clarify its shape, while modifying its tonal value can either increase or decrease its visual weight 2. Texture - Affect the visual weight and scale of a plane and the degree to which it absorbs or reflects light and sound 3. Pattern - Directional or oversized optical patterns can distort the shape or exaggerate the proportions of a plane

KITCHEN DESIGN THREE ACTIVITY CENTERS: 1. Storage - The focal point of the storage center is the refrigerator, although many cabinets for non-refrigerated food, dishes and utensils must be provided. To save steps, the refrigerator may be located near the delivery door, or nearest the door to the dining area. 2. Preparation and cleaning - This center is built around the sink and its adjoining counter space. Remember that most often; people would want their sinks by a window. 3. Cooking and serving - The cooking center is grouped around the range. A built-in oven, being less used, may be located at a more isolated position than the range. Consider placing the range near, but not directly over, a window in order to dispel of heat and door naturally. Combinations of Kitchen Design: Pullman - consisting of a long corridor with utilities on either side, is often used where space is at a premium. Doors may be at either end or at one end only. Although this design is somewhat factory like, it is efficient in saving space and steps.

U-Shaped - has cabinets on three walls, the sink usually in the middle, and the refrigerator and stove on opposite sides. Space for dining may be allowed near the fourth wall. This plan is adaptable to large and small rooms.

L-Shaped - This is probably the most commonly used arrangement since it is efficient, allows for two doors without interruption of countertop area, and may be nicely used with a breakfast table.

One-wall - This layout is used when a kitchen must be fitted into a long, narrow space. It is not an ideal arrangement.

Peninsula - This kind of layout may be used only with large rooms. It is called peninsula when the counter runs perpendicular to a wall, and island when it is freestanding.