COOLING LOAD CALCULAIONS

5-1

5-2

5-3

(Heat transmission through building)

5-4

(Sun heat gain)

5-5

5-6

5-7

(Heat of occupants)

5-8

(Heat of ventilation)

5-9

5-10

(Heat transferred through contact surfaces)

5-11

(Heat transferred through contact surfaces)

5-12

5-13

(Cooling load calculation procedure)

5-14

(Cooling load calculation methods)

5-15

5-16

5-17

5-18

5-19

5-20

(Introduction)
(Factors influencing geat gain)
(Heat gain)

(Light heat)
(Heat of equipment and motors)

(Heat gain through air ducts)

(Heat due to processes)

(Worksheet)
(Central Plant size)
(Check of cooling load)
(Survey pattern)
(Problems)

56



COOLING LOAD CALCULAIONS

5-1 )(Introduction
,
.
:
)( )(Heat gain
.
)( )(Cooling load

.
.
)( )(Heat extraction
.
.
5-2
)(Factors influencing heat gain
:
)(Sources of heat
:
) ( External:
.
.
.
) (Internal:
.
.
.
)( )( Outside design conditions


%2.5 %1 %5 ) 2928(
) (1-5 .

57

 ) (1-5

)
(C

)(C

)(C

37
41
45
42
46
34
37
42

24
22
25
23
27
26
28
25

8
15
18
16
18
8
8
14

)( )( Inside design conditions

8 11
.
24 27 %45 %50
.
) (2-5
.
) (2-5


)

)(%
)(C
(C

52
23
24

45
25.5
27

35
25.4
27

40
27.2
30

)( )(Building construction


.
.
.
R = K/

K
.

58

 ) (3-5 .
) (3-5 )(W/m. C

)(Common brick
)(Face brick
)(concrete
)(Tiles
)(Stone
)(Cement plaster
)(Gypsum plaster
)(Hard wood
)(Soft wood
)(Sand
)(Cork
)(Glass wool
)(Polystyrene
)(Polyurethane
)(Glass

0.72
1.30
1.72
1.10
1.80
0.72
0.80
0.16
0.12
1.72
0.036
0.036
0.040
0.023
0.79

)( )(Building dimensions & orientation

. ) (4-5
) (Direct ) (Diffuse 30 .
.
5-3 )(Heat gain
:
)(Sensible heat

. :
1
.
2
.
3 :
.
4 .

59

5 .
:
)(5-5
)(Latent heat
.
:
1 .
2 .
3 .
) (5-5 ) ( %

100
58
50
80
40
80-20
60

42
50
20
20
20-80
100
40

5-4 )(Heat transmission through building

:
)(QT = UA (to-tI
(W
:
to
.
TI

A .
U
:
)(U) = (1/ho) + (1/hI) + (1/C) + (/k-1
:
.

60

 K
).(3-5
C .
) (6-5 ) (Conductance
.
) (6-5 )(W/m 2. C

)100(
) 200(

37
13
17
8
5

)(Asphalt roofing

ho hI
:
(h = 6 + 4V
(W/m2. C
V : )(m/s

)(7-5
) (7-5 )(W/m2 .K

6.7/
3.4/

10
6
8

34
23

) (8-5 .
) (8-5 ))(W/m2 .K

6.4
3.2
2.2

13
13

) (9-5 .

61

 ) (9-5 ))(W/m2 .K

1.35
1.88
2.26
1.83
1.2
1.75
1.3
2.44

62

 5-5 )(Sun geat gain

.
.
8 .
.
:
.

%100 %20

%25
) (Awning.
%75
)(Venetian blinds
%35
:
5 10.
.
.
:
10 15.
.
.
)(1-5

) (1-5 I

. ) (to )(two
) (tI ).(twI
:
(q = I ho (two to
= )(k/) (two twI
= (hI (twI tI

63

)(to two) = (q/ho) ( I/ho

)(two tWI) = q = ( / k
)(twI tI) = (q/hI
)(to tI) = q [1/ho + O/k + 1/hI] - ( I/ho
= )(q / U) ( I/ho
:
])q = UA [(to tI) + (I / ho

= (UA (to tI) + (UA) (i/ho

=UA tn + UA ts
t : .
tn = to - tI

ts :
TS = I/ho

I : 1.15
).(4-5
:
])Q = UA [(to tI) + ( I/ho
= ]UA [to + ( I/ho ) - tI

= (UA (te tI
te : )Sol-
(temperature
.
:
to + ( I/ho ) = te

) (te tI
TETD :
(TETD = (te tI
) (10-5 )(
) (10-5

64

0.7 0.55
0.5 0.4
0.5 0.3
0.65
0.9

0.9 0.8

) (11-5 .30
) (11-5 )(W/m2

10
24

310
280

240
190

280
220

80
70

:
(Qsum = UA tS
(w
:
5-6 )(Light heat
:
(Qsum = A Q
(w
In F ) (Incandescent )
(Fluorescent .
%25
.
) (12-5 .

65

 ) (12-5 )(W/m2

60
45
40
20
17
15

5-7 )(Heat of equipment and motors

:
(QE = (1-) E
(W
E .
).(13-5
) (13-5

0.60
0.70
0.80
0.85
0.88

200
375 750
1 4
1
5 2 15
15

) (14-5 .
) (14-5 )(W

515
930
1050
2190

220
525
700
2190

150
290
350
875

5-8 )(Heat of occupants

)37( )24(.

66

 :
(Qp,s = n.QS/Person
(W
n .
Qs/person
) (15-5:
) (15-5 )(W

66
72
73
73
73
81
81
110
88
170
170

31
45
59
59
73
81
139
183
204
255
255

97
117
132
132
146
162
229
293
292
425
425

.
:
(Qp,L = n.QL/person (W
QL/person
).(15-5
5-9 )(Heat of ventilation

.
:
(QV,S = mV is = mV CP (to tI) (W
mV .
:
(QV,L = mV iL = mV [(Ho HI) L] (W
Ho HI .
L 2501.3 .

)g/s
)mv = n. (L/s/Person) /vo

67

 n .
Vo .
) (16-5 )(L/S/Person

7
5
5
12
2.5
3.5
12
12
14
7
7.5
7.5
3.5
2.5

9.5
7.5
7
15
3.5
5
14
14
24
12
12.5
10
6
5

) (L/S/Person
)(16-5

(mV = A (L/S/m2) / vo
(g/s
:
)(mV = [(AH) /vo](10-3 /60 60
(g/s:
A .
H 3.
3.
) (17-5 ) (L/S/m2

) (17-5

)
(m2

)
(L/S/m2

)(

68

1.4

1.5

1.8

2.8
3.7
4.6

3
4
5

6.7
8.3
10

7
9
11

5-10 )(Heat due to infiltration

. ) (Infiltration
) ( Exfiltration
.
:
)(QS,I = mI iS =mI CP (to tI
(W
mI .
:
(QL,I = mI iL =mI [(Ho HI) L] (W
:
)(Crack method
:
)(mI = [1. VI/vo] (10-3 /60 60
(g/s
I .
VI .
.
)(Air change method
:
)(g/s
)mI= [(AH) /Vo] (10-3 /60 60
:
).(19-5
H A .
) (18-5 )(L/S/m

)(m/s

69

0.19
0.70
0.16
5

10
2.87
0.82
15

1.4
1.4

2.8
5.7

) (19-5
)(

1.2
1.8
1.2
1.2

0.9 0.6
0.6
0.6

0.75
1.5
2
2
2

0.5
0.75
1
1
-

5-11 :
)(Heat gain through air ducts

.
:
(Qd = UA t
(W
A .
t .
U 7
. 1.25 2.5
0.7 5.
5-12
)(Heat transferred through contact surfaces

70


.
5.
:
(Q = U A t
(W
5-13 )(Heat due processes

. :
)(QE = (mE.L
(W
mE )(g/s
L )(kJ/kg

:
](QE = n [ QS,P + QL,P
(W
n .
Qs,p QL,p
10.
5-14 )(Cooling load calculation procedure
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 :
.
.
.
7 .
8 :
.
.
: .
.
.
.
.
9 .

71

 5-15 )(Cooling Load calculation methods

)(2-5
) (Precooling 4

.
.

) (2-5 .
:
)(Accurate method
) (Digital computor
.
) (Transfer function method
.
)(Approximate method
)
( 10 2 4
.
) (Average method
.
.
:
)-5
.(5

.
.
.
5-16 )(Worksheet
) (Trane ) (Carrier
.
:

:


:


:

72

 :
:

QS

QL
-

E
W
S
N

73

QT

E
W
S
N

E
W
S
N

QS

QL

E
W
S
N

E
W
S
N

W/m2

QS

QL

E
W
S
N

E
W
S
N

QT

QT

W/unit

74

QS

QL

QT

)(5+4+3+2+1

QS/p

QL/P

QS

QL

QT

L/S/
P

QS

QL

QT

VR

/1
Uo

QS

QL

QT

) 7+6 (8

:
.
.
3.6 :
3
3
)m /kg) vo, (m ) VR, (m2) A, (K) t, (W) Q, (kJ/kg)I, (w/m2. K)U
5-17 )(Central plant size


.

75

 ) (Peak load .
) (Plant demand .

.
) (Zones .
.
) (Diversity factor

.
) (20-5
) (20-5

0.9 0.75
0.6 0.4
0.9 0.8
0.95 0.85

0.85 0.7
0.5 0.3
1 0.9
0.9 0.8

5-18 )(Check of cooling load

. ) (21-5
.

76

 ) (21-5




:



:





:

) / (

45
40
35
40
25
9
24
18.5
15
9
10
6

15
15
8

24
20
10

16.5
11
22
20
19

22
14
30
28
28

17.5
17.5
35
34
36

38
40

50
55

60
77

8
10

10
12

13.5
15

22.5
15
28
18.5
11
15
37.5
20
9

28.5
24.5
34
28
13.5
22
50
26.5
15

34
35
40
34.5
18
30
62.5
33
24

5-19 )(Survey pattern

.

77

 :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5-20 )(Problems
1 28
: 20 3 5

6 60 250.
2 2.666 1
350. 50
12
.
1.5 / . 24
37.
3 :
: 15 3.6.
: .
1 : . 150 120.
: . 240120
6.
24 : %40 .
33 : 27 5/ .
.
.
/ .
/
.
4 3 15 100
40 150
16 .

78

 1.5 2 .
26 %45 .:
.
:
.
I 55

II 6
.
5 . :
24 : 18 .
35 : %50 .
10 : 10 20 )=A
21.4 U = 1.2 / .(.
: ) A = 8.4 U = 3.19 /
.
: .
800 : .
: .
26 : %50 .
U = 1.5 : / .
1.86 : . .
: .
40 : / .
3 : .
7 ) (4-5
.
: ) U = 0.5 / (
10 : ) U = 1.9/ (.
10 : 10 5 15
) U = 0.7 / (.
6 : 3.
60 :
30 : .
5 : / .
: .
26 : %50 .
: 21090.
4.25 :.

79

 10 8 .
.
)(4-5
8 ) (5-5
:
24 : 26 .
20 :
2000 :
4.2 : . 31.2
2.11.5.
29.
1.4 :/ . 1.84
6 3.2 .
.
)(5-5
9 :
: 15 3.6 20 10
12 10 .
: 150120.
1 . .
: 30 20 .
: 25 .
100 :.
: .
: . 150 .
240120 6.
24 : %40 .
33 : 27 5 /.
.
.
.
.
.

80

10 ) (6-5
:
:.
U = 1.08 :/ ..
: .
12 : 20 .
: 6 .
3 : . 1.4 .

)(6-5

81