Report

On

Fire Protection Facilities

For

Petroleum Depots, Terminals, Pipeline Installations

And

Lube Oil Installations

- By OISD

(March 2007)
 FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES
FOR
PETROLEUM DEPOTS, TERMINALS, PIPELINE INSTALLATIONS
AND
LUBE OIL INSTALLATIONS

CONTENTS

SECTION DESCRIPTION

10 Introduction
20 Scope
30 Definitions
3 1 Petroleum Depots, Terminals & a,l Installations
3.2 Classification of Petroleum Products
33 Flash POint
40 Fire Protection Facilities
41 GeneralConslderatlon
42 Design Criteria of Fire Protection System
43 Fire Water System
44 Foam System
45 Clean Agent Fire Protection System
46 First Aid Fire Fighting Equipment
47 Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment
50 Fire Alarm/Communication System
5 1 Communication System
52 Fire Alarm System
60 Fire Safety OrganlZatlonlTralning
61 Organization
62 Training
70 Fire Emergency Manual
80 Fire Protection System, Inspection & Testing
81 Fire Water Pumps
8.2 Fire Water Ring Main
8.3 Fire Water Spray System
84 Fixed/ Semi Fixed Foam System
85 Clean Agent Fire Pro:ectlon System
86 Hoses
8.7 Communication System
90 Reference

ANNEXURE

1 Sample Calculation of Fire Water Flow Rate for Storage Tanks

2. Sample Calculation of Fire Water Flow Rate for POL Tank Wagon
Loading Gantry
3 Brief Description of Fire Fighting Foams.
4. Typical Example for Calculation of Foam Compound ReqUIrement Large
Floating Roof Tank After Sinking of Roof.
5 TYPical System of Automatic Actuated Foam Flooding System for Rim
Seal of Larger Floatlr.g Roof Tanks.
 FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES
FOR
PETROLEUM DEPOTS, TERMINALS AND PIPELINE/LUBE OIL INSTALLATIONS

1.0 INTRODUCTION covered In 0ISD-STD-144, also-

The petroleum depots, terminals &
plpeline/lube 011 Installations are
generally located In the remote
areas and near railway sidings
However, the experience shows that
with the passage of time, these get
surrounded by resldential/lndustnal
installations The Inventory of
flammable materials stored therein
necessitates Inbullt fire protection
facilities
STO-150 or 0ISO-STO-169 as the
case may be
illl Drilling rigs, Work over rigs and
Production Installations (GGSiOCS,
GCPIGCS, EPS, QPSIWHI etc)
which are covered In OISO-STD-
189
IV) Port all Terminals for which also-
$TO-156 shall be referred
v) Control Room Building & Electncal
Installations shall be prOVidedas per
0ISO-$TO-163 & 173 respectively,

It can be Impractical and 23 It IS not intended that the prOVISions

prohibitively costly to deSign fire as speCified in this reVised standard
protection facilities to control should be applied ngldly to eXisting
catastrophiC fires The usual premises. However, these
requirement of a good system IS to proviSions shall be reviewed
prevent emergencies from considenng various hazards for
developing into major threat to the Implementalion where for a variety
oil Installation and surroundings of reasons, it may not be practicable
to comply with ThiS standard shall
2.0 SCOPE be applicable in selective
Implementation of the
21 This standard tays down the recommendations at such locations
minimum requirement of fire for which a SUitable structured
protection facilities at Petroleum approach should be adopted to carry
Depots, Terminals, Pipeline out the review at site consldenng
Installations With or Without various hazards. However, the
Storages, Central Tank Farms additional reqUirements shall be
(CTF) Lube a,l Installations, applicable to all new locations
Grease Manufactunng & Filling conceived after publication of the
FaCllilies new edition.

22 ThiS standard does not cover the fire 3.0 DEFINITIONS

protection faCilities for ,-
3.1 PETROLEUM DEPOTS &
I) Depots, Terminals/lnstallalions In TERMINAS
Refineries and/or a,l/Gas
Processing Plants under the same A portion of the property, where
management and In ctose proximity combustible/flammable liqUids are
for which 0ISO-STO-116 shall be received by tanker, pipelines, tank
referred wagons, tank trucks and are stored
II) Instaltatlons handling liquefied or blended in bulk for the purpose of
Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage, distribution by tankers, pipelines,
Handling and Bottling The same are
 tank wagons, tank trucks, portable likely to be refined, blended or
tanks or containers stored at above its flash pOint.
For classlflcation and e~tent of
3.1.1 PIPELINE INSTAllATIONS hazardous area, refer 'The
Petroleum Rules - 2002".
Pipeline Installations are those
facilities on cross-country pipelines 3,2 CLASSIFICATION OF
which have pumping and/or delivery PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
station with or without storages
3.2.1 Petroleum means any liqUid
3.1.2 lUBE Oil INSTAllATIONS hydrocarbon Or ml~ture of
hydrocarbons and any Inflammable
The facilities meant for receipt, ml~ture (liquid, viscous or solid)
storage and blending of base oils & containing any liquid hydrocarbon.
additives Into finished Lube
products. It Includes lube-blending 3.2.2 General Classification
plants, grease manufactUring plants
& small can filling plants
Petroleum products other than LPG
which IS a separate category, are
3.1.3 AVIATION FUllEING STATIONS classified according to their closed
cup Flash Poinl as follows
The facilities where ATF is received
by tank wagons, tank trucks & Petroleum Class A means
pipeline and stored In bulk for petroleum having a flash point
dispatch of product by refuellers & below 23'(,
pipeline It include also storage of
Methanol/AVGAS & other addilives
Petroleum Class B means
in drums.
petroleum having a flash pOint of

3.1.4 INFRASTRUCTUREIOTHER
n'c and above but below 6S'('
FACILITIES
Petroleum Class C means
These are the facilities such as petroleum having a flash point of
Control Room Building, Sub-Slatlon, 6S'C and above but below 93'(,
Diesel Generator (with diesel
storage tank). & Administrative Excluded Petroleum means
Building, etc. provided in Petroleum petroleum having a flash point
Depots, Terminals and Pipeline above 23'C and above.
Installations
Flash Point of any petroleum
3.1.5 HARZARDOUS AREA means the lowest temperature at
which it Yields a vapor which will give
An area will be deemed to be a momentary flash when Ignited
hazardous where-
3.2.3 Classification for Heated
Petroleum haVing flash pOint below
65'C or any flammable gas or vapor Petroleum Products
in a concentration capable of ignition
ISlikely to be present The locations where product is
handled by artificially heating it to
Petroleum or any flammable liqUid
haVing flash point above 65'C IS above it's flash pOint, Class C
product shall be considered as
 Class B product and Class B Installation. grease manufacturing &
product as Class A product filling faCilities and handlingldisposal
system of blow down, drain from
3.3 GENERAL TERMINOLOGY eqUipment handling flammable
liqUids shall be done in accordance
Clean agent electrically non· With 0ISO·STO·118 & OISO·STD.
conductive, volatile or gaseous fire 109 as applicable
extingulshants that does not leave a
reSidue upon evaporation and meets SpeCial consideration should be
the reqUirements given In the latest given In the plant layout & product
NFPA 2001 on clean agent fire line layout for heated products lines
extinguishing systems in line With laid alongside the pipeline carrying
environmental consideration of lighter petroleum products.
Kyoto Protocol
4.1.2 FIRE PROTECTION
Shall Indicate that provIsion IS
mandatory Depending on the nature of risk.
follOWing fire protection facilities
Should Indicate that provision IS shall be provided in the Installation
recommendatory as per good • Fire Water System.
engineering practices • Foam System
• Clean Agent Protection System
May indicate that provision IS
• First Aid Fire Fighting
optional Equipment
• Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment.
4.0 FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES
• Fire Detection, Alarm &
Communication System.
The fire protection philosophy IS
based on loss prevention & control
4.2 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIRE
It considers that a depot/terminal,
carries an Inherent potential hazard PROTECTION SYSTEM
due to flammable nature of
petroleum products stored therein. A 4.2.1 Facilrlles shall be designed on the
fire In one facility can endanger baSISthat city fire water supply is not
other facility of the depot/terminal. If available close to the Installation.
not controlled/extinguished as
qUickly as possible to minimize the 4.2.2 One Single largest risk shall be
loss of life & property and prevent considered for providing faCilities
further spread of fire
4.2.3 The hazardous areas shall be
4.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS protected by a well laid combination
of hydrants & monitors. The
The Size of product storage & follOWing installations are exempted
handling faCilities. their localion and from this provision'-
terrain determine the baSIC fire
protection reqUirements. I) The Installation haVing aggregate
above ground storage capacity of
less than 1000 KL (ClassA+B+C)
4.1.1 layout
other than AFS.
Ii) Pipeline installation having only
layout of a depot or terminal. scrapper stations or sectlonallzlng
pipeline Installation. lube 011 valve stations.
 4,2,4 Tank Wagon (TW)lTank Truck (TT)
loading/unloading facilities, Manifold
area of product pump house &
Exchange pit shall be fully covered
with a well laid out combination of
hydrants and water-cum-foam
monitors.
4,2,5 The Installations storing Class A
petroleum In above ground tanks
shall have fixed water spray system
However, Installations above 1000
KL storage fulfilling the following
both conditions are exempted from
the provIsion of fixed water spray
system -
• Aggregate above ground
storage of Class A & 8
petroleum up to 5000 KL
• Floating roof tank storing Class
A petroleum haVing diameter up
to 9 rn
4,2,6 Class '8' above ground Petroleum
storage tanks of diameter larger
than 30 m shall be provided with
fixed water spray system
4,2,7 When Class A & B above ground
storage tanks are placed In a
common dyke, the fixed water
spray system shall be provided on
all tanks except for small terminals
as mentioned In 4.2.6
4,2,8 TW loading gantries shall be
provided with manually operated
fixed water spray system. In case
automatic fixed water spray system
IS provided, the gantry may be
divided Into sUitable number of
segments (each segment haVing
min. length of 15 m length & width of
12 m) and three segments operating
at a time shall be considered as
Single risk for calculating the water
reqUIrement.
Accordingly, a provision shall be
made to actuate the water spray
system from a safe approachable
central location i.e affected zone
and adjoining zones
4,2,9 The fixed water spray system shall
also be provided on all tanks
irrespective of diameter where Inter
distances between tanks In a dyke
and/or within dykes are not meeting
the reqUIrements of 0ISD-STO-118
4,2,10 Fixed foam system or Semi-fixed
foam system with foam trolley/s
shall be provided on tanks (floating
roof or fixed roof) exceeding 18 m
diameter storing Class A or Class 8
petroleum.
4-2,11 Portable foam and/or water-cum-
foam mOnitors shall be provided for
suppression of pool fire In tank farm
area
4,2,12 Automatic actuated rim seal fire
extinguishing system may be
provided based on foam or clean
agent flooding mechanism on
floating roof tanks having diameter
larger than 60 m
ThiS is in addition to the fixed water
spray system and Fixed foam
system or Semi-fixed foam system
on all floating roof tanks storing
Class A & 8 petroleum.
Foam Flooding System Selection
and deSign of foam based flooding
system should be as defined in
latest "Standard for Foam Systems -
NFPA-11A".
Clean Agent Flooding System
Selection and deSign of clean agent
based flooding system should be in
line with the "Standard on Clean
Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems -
NFPA 2001 (latest Edition).
The clean agent should also comply
with the reqUirements of "Ozone
Depletion Substances Regulation &
Control Rules - 2000, Ministry of
 EnVifonment & Forests, 4.2.16 Clean Agent (Halon substitute)
Government of India based flooding system may be
The listed clean agents like considered for control rooms.
T riflurolodide & F/uroketone can be computer rooms and pressurized
used as fire suppressant for floating rooms In major locations having
roof rim seal fire protection and In automated pipeline receipt/dispatch
control room/computer room/ andlor TW/TT loading faCilities.
pressunzed room fire protection
respectively
Selection of clean agent and design
The clean agent based protection of fire protection system for control
system consists of an in-built fire rooms, computer rooms and
detection. control and actuation pressunzed rooms should follow the
mechanism If a rrm seal fire occurs. Standard on "Clean Agent
its heat causes one or more spray Extinguishing systems NFPA
nozzles to open and the Standard 2001 (Edition 2004)
extinguishing gas (clean agent) IS Including its safety guidelines With
applied on the surface of fire and respect to "Hazards to Personnel".
Simultaneous alarm IS also sounded electrrcal clearance and
Refer (Annexure-V) for a typical envrronmental factors In hne With
system of automatic nm seal frre enVifonmental conSiderations of
protection uSing ctean agent Kyoto Protocol Clean agent like
Inert gas, Fluroketone can be used
4.2.13 The follOWing additional as fire suppressant In control rooms,
requirements shall be apphcable to computer rooms and pressunzed
rooms
the installations located In lightening
prone areas & where inter distances
between tanks In a tank dyke andlor 4.3 FIRE WATER SYSTEM
Within tank dykes are not conforming
to the proVISionsof 0ISo-STo-118 Water IS used for fire
extinguishments, fire control, coohng
• Double seal of appropnate of equipment exposure protection of
matenal for all sizes of floating equipment and personnel from heat
roof tanks storrng Class A radiation.
petroleum .
• Automatic actuated nm seal fire The fire water ring main shall be
protection system based on provided all around perrmeter of the
foam or clean agent for tanks
installation With hydrants/monitors
haVing diameter more than 60 m
and storrng Class A petroleum. spaced at Intervals not exceeding 30
m when measured aerially.
4.2,14 As an additional requirement,
fixed foam system or semi-fixed 4.3.1 Components of Fire Water
foam system With foam trolleyls System
shall also be prOVided on all tanks
irrespective of diameter where Inter The main components of the system
distances between tanks In a tank are Fire Water Storage, Fire Water
dyke andlor Within tank dykes are Pumps and Distribution Piping
not meeting the requirements of Network.
0ISo-STo-118.
4.3.2 Basis
4.2.15 Water spray system shall be
provided on TW loading gantry The frre water system In an
Installation shall be deSigned to
 meet the fire water flow reqUirement
to fight single largest nsk at a time.
4.3.2.1 Design Flow Rate
I) Fire water flow rate for a tank farm
shall be aggregate of the follOWing
ill)
• Water flow calculated for cooling a
tank on fife at a rate of 3 Ipm/m' of
tank shell area
shall be at a rate of 10.2 Ipm/m' In
case the penpheral distance
between any two of the above
facilities ISless than 15 m, It shall be
conSidered as single nsk for the
calculation of fire water requirement
Fife water flow rate for TW loadjng
gantry (Refer Annexure - II) and
product pump house in a depot or
terminal shall be calculated at a rate
of@ 102 Ipm/m2

• Water flow calculated for exposure However, If pump house of volatile

protection for all other tanks failing productls IS located under pipe rack
within a radius of (R +30)m from fife water flow rate shall be
centre of the tank on fife (R-Radlus calculated at a rate of 20.4 Ipm/m2
of tank on fife) and situated in the
same dyke at a rate of 3 Ipm/m' of IV) Fife water flow rate for
tank shell area supplementary streams shall be
based on using 4 Single hydrant
• Water flow calculated for exposure outlets and 1 monitor
protection for all other tanks failing simultaneously Capacity of each
outSide a radius of (R+30)m from hydrant outlet as 36 m3/hr and of
centre of the tank on fife and each monitor as 144 m3/hr
situated In the same dyke at a rate minimum may be conSidered at a
of 1 Ipm/m' of tank shell area pressure of 7 kg/cm2g.

The deSign fife water rate shall be

• For water flow calculations, all tanks
the largest of [4321 (I)J, [4.3.2.1
farms h~vlng class A or B petroleum
(l1)J, [4.32.1 (IIi)], or [43.2.1 (Iv)].
storage shall be conSidered
irrespective of diameter of tanks and (Refer Annexure-I)
whether fixed water spray system is
provided or not 4.3.3 Header Pressure

Fife water system shall be designed

• Waler flow required for applYing
loam on a Single largest tank by way for a minimum reSIdual pressure of

of fixed foam system, where 7 kg/cm2(g) at hydraulically

provided, or by use of water/foam remotest pOint In the installation
momtors (Refer section 448 for consldenng single largest nsk
foam solution application rates) scenario.

• Various combinations shall be 4.3.4 Storage

considered in Ihe tank larm lor
arnvlng at different fire water flow
rate and the largest rate to be
considered for deSign
II) Fife water flow rate for pump house
shed, scrapper area, metenng area,
flltenng area & manifold area at
CraSs country pipeline Installations
Water for the fire fighting shall be
stored in any eaSily accessible
surface or underground or above
ground tanks of steel, concrete or
masonry .
The effective capacity of the
reservolf/tank above the level of
 suction pOint shall be minimUm 4
hours aggregate rated capacity of
pumps However. where reliable
make up water supply is 50% or
more of design flow rate. the storage
capacity may be reduced to 3 hours
aggregate rated capacity of pumps
(Iii) At/east one standby fire water pump
shall be provided up to 2 nos. of
main pumps. For main pumps 3 nos.
and above, minimum 2 nos. standby
pumps of the same type, capacity &
head as the main pumps shall be
provided.

(IV) The fire water pump(s) including the

Fresh water should be used for fire
standby pump(s) shall be of diesel
fighting purposes. /n case sea water
engine driven type Where electric
or treated effluent water IS used for supply IS reliable 50% of the pumps
fire fighting purposes. the material of may be €Iectric driven. The diesel
the pipe selected shall be sUitable engines shall be qUick starting type
for the service with the help of push buttons located
on or near the pumps or located at a
The installation shall have facilities remote location Each engine shall
for receiving and diverting all the have an Independent fuel tank
adequately Sized for 6 hours
water coming to the installation to
continuous running of the pump
fife water storage tanks in case of
an emergency
(vi Fife water pumps & storage shall
be located at 30 m (minimum)
Storage reservoir shall be In two
away from equipment or where
equal Interconnected compartments
hydrocarbons are handled or
to faCilitate cleaning and repairs. In
stored
case of steel tanks there shall be
minimum two tanks each having 50
(Vi) Fire water pumps shall be
% of required capacity.
exclusively used for fire fighting
purpose only
Large natural reservolfs haVing
water capacity exceeding 10 times
(VII) Suction and discharge valves of fire
the aggregate water requirement of
water pumps shall be kept full
fire pumps may be left unlined
open all the times.

4.3.5 Fire Water Pumps

(Viii) The fire water network shall be kept
pressurized by static water tank or
(I) Fire water pumps haVing flooded
Jockey pump( s)
suction shall be installed to meet the
deSign fire water flow rate and head
(ix) In case jockey pump is used for
/f fire water is stored in underground pressurrzation. a standby jockey
tanks. an overhead water tank of pump of similar type. capacity &
sufficient capacity shall be provided
head shall be prOVided
for flooded suction and accounting
for leakages in the network. If any
4.3.6 Fire Water Network
(ii) The pumps shall be capable of
discharging 150% of its rated (i) Looping
discharge at a minimum of 65% of
the rated head. The Shut-off head The fire water network shall be laid
shall not exceed 120% of rated head in closed loops as far as possible to
for hOrizontal centrifugal pumps and ensure multi-directional flow in the
140% for vertical turbine pump
system. Isolation valves shall be
 provided in the network to enable • For rail crossIng. proVIsions
Isolation of any section of the stipulated by Indian Railways shall
network without affecting the flow In be compiled,
the rest. The Isolation valves shall • The ufg ring main shall be
be located normally near the loop protected against SOilcorrosion by
suitable coalingfwrapPlng or
Junctions. Additional valves shall be
cathodiC protection wherever
provided In the segments where the
cathodiC proteclion already exists
length of the segment exceeds 300 for protection of other pipelines
m. system
• Pipe supports under the pipe line
(ii) Above I Underground Network shall be SUitable for soli
conditions.
The fire water ring mains shall be
laid above ground at least at a jii) Support & Protection of above
height of 300 mm above finished ground pipelines
ground level
The mains shall be supported at
However, the ring main may be laid regular Intervals not exceeding 6
underground at the following places en. For pipeline size less than 150
NB, support Interval shall not
• Road crossings exceed 3 m
• Places where above ground piping
IS likely to cause obstruction to The pipe support shall have only
operalion and vehicle movement pOint contact.
• Places where above ground piping
IS likely to get damaged The system for above ground
mechanically portion shall be analyzed for
• Where frost conditions warrant and fleXibility against thermal
ambient temperature IS likely to fall expansion and necessary
subzero, under ground piping shall expansion loops, guidesfcross
be laid at least 1 m below the gUides and supports prOVided.
finished grade level to avoid freeZing
of water Alternatively, water (iv) Sizing of pipeline
circulation may be carried out In the
above ground pipelines or any other Fire water ring main shall be sized
sUitable means. for 120% of the design water flow
rate Design flow rates shall be
distributed at nodal pOints to give
ii) Protection of underground the most realistiC way of water
pipeline reqUirements In an emergency It
may be necessary to assume
If fire water ring mains are laid several combinations of flow
underground, the following shall be requirement for deSign of network
ensured -
In case of sea water service, the
• The ring main shall have at least 1 fire water main pipes shall be
m earth cushion in open ground, 15 concrete mortar lined internally or
m cushion under the road crossings other SUitable coating matenal
and in case of crane movement area shall be used
pipeline may be protected with
concretefsteel encasement as per The stand post for hydrants and
deSign requirement monitors shall be Sized to meet
the respective deSign water flow
rates
 Iv) General
Conneclions for fixed water monitors
on the network shall be provided
with independent Isolation valves
Fire water mains shall not pass
through bUildings or dyke areas
In case of underground mains the
isolation valves shall be located In
RCC/bnck masonry chamber of
sUitable size to facilitate operation
dunng emergency & maintenance
4.3.7 Hydrants & Monitors
I) Hydrants shall be located bearing In
mind the fire hazards at different
sections of the premises to be
prolected and to give most effective
service At least one hydrant post
shall be provided for every 30 m of
external wall measurement or
penmeter of battery limit In case of
high hazard areas For non-
hazardous area. they shall be
spaced al 45 m Intervals The
honzontal range & coverage of
hydrants with hose conneclions shall
not be considered beyond 45 m
II) Hydrants shall be located at a
minimum distance of 15 m from the
penphery of storage tank or
eqUipment under protection. In case
of buildings this dlslance shall not be
less than 2 m and not more than 15
m from the face of bUilding
ProvIsion of hydrants within the
building shall be provided In
accordance with J S . 3844
Ill) HydrantiMonltors shall be located
along road Side berms for easy
acceSSibility
IV) Double headed hydrants with two
separate landing valves or momtor
on SUitablysized stand post shall be
used. All hydrant outlets/monitor
Isolalion valves shall be situated at
workable height above ground or
hydrantlmomtor operating platform
level.
v) Monitors shall be located to direct
water on the object as well as to
provide water shield to firemen
approaching a fire.
The requirement of monitors shall
be established based on hazards
Involved and layout considerations.
Monitors shall not be Installed within
15 m of hazardous equipment
The location of the monitors shall
not exceed 45 m from the hazard to
be protected
High volume long range monitors.
shall be located more than 45 m
from the hazardous equipment &
their water header/s sized
accordingly to meet the rated water
flow rate of monitor as well as
deSign water flow reqUifement of
Single largest nsk scenano
vi) Hydrants and monitors shall not be
Installed InSide the dyke areas
However, as an additional
requirement, oscillating monitors
may be provided in inaccessible
area within dyke with isolalion valve
or ROV outside the tank farm.
vii) TWITT loading & unloading facilities
shall be provided with alternate
hydrant and water-cum-foam
monitors having multipurpose
combination nozzles for Jet spray &
fog arrangement and fire hydrants
located at a spacing of 30 m on both
Sides of the gantry The hydrants &
monitors shall be located at a
mln,mum distance of 15 m from the
hazard (eg TW & TT
loading/unloading facilities) to be
protected
 VII') Hydrants/Monitors shall be VII Hose boxes, water monitors and
preferably located with branch hydrant outlets shall be painted WIth
connection "LuminOUSYellow" paint as per IS5

4.3.8 Material Specifications vii) Corrosion resistant paint shall be

used In corrosion prone areas
The matenals used In fire water
system shall be of approved type as 4.3.9 FIXED WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
Indicated below
i) Fixed water spray system is a fixed
i) Pipes pipe system connected to a reliable
Carbon Steel as per source of water supply and
tS3589/IS1239/IS 1978 or It'S eqUipped With water spray nozzles
equivalent for fresh water service. for speCific water discharge and
dlstributton over the surface of area
A sUitable proven matenal to be protected The piping system
conforming to design. heat radiation ,s connected to the hydrant system
& It's associated hazards. operation water supply through an
& maintenance requirements shall automatically or manually actuated
be used for saline/brackish waler valve which initiates the flow of
service water

II) Isolation Valves In case the system IS manually

Gate or butterfly type isolatton valves actuated, the Isolation valve shall be
made of Cast Steel haVing located outSIde the dyke for easy of
open/close Indication shall be used access & operation
Other matenals such as cupro-
nickel for saline/brackish waler may II) Spray nozzles shall be directed
be used radially to the tank at a distance not
exceeding 06 m from the tank
III) Hydrants surface Only one type and size of
spray nozzle shall be used in a
Stand post Carbon Steel
particular facility
Outlet valves Gunmetal/
Alumlnum/
ill) While calculating the water rates for
Stainless/
spray applicalton for cases other
Steel/AI-Zn Alloy
than tanks/vessels, the area should
be diVided Into suitable segments so
IV) Monitors
that maximum water requirement
As per IS/Ul or EqUivalent
can be opt,mlZed (Refer Annexure-
Standard
V for typical calculations)

v) Fire Hoses
4.4 FOAM SYSTEMS
Reinforced Rubber lined Hose as
per IS 636 (Type A)/Non-percolattng
4.4.1 Types of Foam
SynthetiC Hose (Type B)/Ul or
Equivalent Standard
Foams are claSSified by producing
action of generatton and expansion
(VI) Fire water mainS, hydrant & monitor
Foam concentrate to be used shall
sland posts, nsers of water spray
conform to IS4989 (part-III)
system shall be painted With "Fire
2006/Ul-162 or Equivalent
Red" paint as per of IS5
 Standard. Refer (Annexure - III) for
bilef deScilptlon of foam
4.4.2 Types of Low Expansion Foam
For combating large hydrocarbon
fifes particularly In a contained area
tlke storage tank, foam has proved
useful for Its Inherent blanketing
ability, heat resistance and secuilty
against burn-back Aqueous FIlm
Forming Foam (AFFF) compound IS
technically supenor and compatible
wllh other fife f/ghttng agents
EffICient and effectIve foam delIvery
system IS a vital tool for ItS
usefulness In coniroiling the fife.
The process of adding or tnJecttng
the foam concentrate to water IS
called proportioning The mixture of
water and foam compound (foam
solution) IS then mixed wIth alf In a
foam maker for onward transmIsSion
to burntng surface
4.4.3 CONVEYING SYSTEMS
The system conSists of an adequate
water supply, supply of foam
concentrate, SUitable proportioning
equipment. a proper piping system,
foam makers and dIscharge deVices
deSigned to adequately distribute the
foam over the hazard.
ConventIonal systems are of the
open outlet type tn which foam
dIscharges from all outlets at the
same lIme, covenng the entlfe
hazard within the confines of the
system There are three types of
systems
i) Fixed
Ii) Semi-Fixed
ill) Mobile
(i) Fixed Foam System
Fixed foam conveying system
compnses of fixed piping for water
supply at adequate pressure, foam
concentrate tank, eductor, suitable
proportIoning equipment for draWing
foam concentrate and making foam
solutIon, fIxed piping system for
onward conveYing to foam makers
for making foam, vapor seal box and
foam pourer
(ii) Semi-Fixed Foam System
Semi-fixed foam system gets supply
of foam solution through the mobIle
foam tender. A fixed piping system
connected to foam makers cum
vapor seal box in case of cone roof
tanks and foam maker and foam
pourers In the case of floattng roof
tanks conveys foam to the surface
of tank.
(iii) Mobile System
Mobile system Includes foam
producing unit mounted on wheels
whIch may be self propelled or
towed by a vehicle These units
supply foam through momtors/foam
towers to the burning surface.
(Iv) Sub-surface foam injection
ThIS system IS for proteclton of fixed
roof ~torage tanks It compnses of
high back pressure foam generator
connected through product lines or
separate lines near the bottom of
the tank.
(v) Under the Seal Foam application
ThiS is a system for floattng roof tank
where the foam Iravels through a
flexible pIpe inSide the tank upto the
center of the tank roof and eXits at
the seal rim of the floating roof
 precisely where the fire IS located spaced at the periphery of the tank
thus rapidly flooding the seal rim area and each discharge outlet shall be
and qUickly extinguishing the fire sized to deliver foam at
approximately the same rate.
4.4.4 FLOATING ROOF TANK
PROTECTION III) Tanks should be provided with foam
discharge outlets/pourers as
For floating roof lank, foam shall be indicated below
poured at the foam dam to blanket
the roof seal Features of foam Tank diameter Foam Pourer
system for floating roof tank (In M) (Mln Nos)
protection shall be as follows- Above 18 & up to 20 2
Above 20 & up to 25 3
I) System be deSigned to create foam Above 25 & up to 30 4
blanket on the burning surface In a Above 30 & up to 35 5
reasonably short period Above 35 & up to 40 6
Above 40 & up to 45 8
Il) Foam shall be applied to the burning Above 45 & IJPto 50 10
hazard continuously at a rate high
enough to overcome the destructive In case foam pourers are to be
effects of radiant heat provided on tanks haVing diameter
up to 18 m, min 2 nos foam
III) Foam makers/foam pourers shall be pourers shall be provided.
located not more than 24 m apart
on the shell perimeter based on 600 The estimation of number of foam
mm foam dam height discharge outlet IS based on pourer
capacity of 1000 Ipm at a pressure
IV) A mlmmum of two foam pourers of 7 kg/cm2 (g) upstream of eductor.
shall be prOVided This can be suitably adjusted for
different pourer capacity in
4.4.5 FIXED ROOF TANK PROTECTION accordance with section 4.44 (ill).

Foam conveYing system shall have
same features as of floating roof
tank excepting that a vapor seal
chamber IS reqUired before the foam
discharge outlet
4.4.6 FLOATING CUM FIXED ROOF
TANK PROTECTION
Protection facilities shall be prOVided
as reqUired for fixed roof tank.

Features of the foam system for 4.4.7 PROTECTION FOR DYKE

fixed roof protection shall be as AREA/SPILL FIRE
follows
Portable momtors/foam hose
I) The vapor seal chamber shall be streams shall be considered for
prOVided wllh an effective and fighting fires In' dyked area and
durable seal. fragile under low spills.
pressure, to prevent entrance of
vapour Into the foam conveying 4.4.8 FOAM APPLICATION RATE
piping system
The minimum delivery rate for
ii) Where two or more pourers are primary protection based on the
reqUired these shall be equally assumption that all the foam
 4.4.11 FOAM QUANTITY REQUIREMENT
reaches the area being protected
shall be as Indicated below
The aggregate quantity of foam
solution should be calculated as
For cone roof tanks containing liquid
hydrocarbons, the foam solullon below
delivery rate shall be at least 5
I) Foam solution application at the rate
Ipmlm2 of liqUid surface area of the
of 5 Ipm/m2 for the liquid surface of
tank to be protected
the single largest cone roof tank or
at the rate of 12 Ipm/m2 of seal area
For floating roof tanks containing
of the single largest floating roof
liqUid hydrocarbons foam solution
tank whichever IS higher
delivery rate shall be at least 12
Ipm/m2 of seal area With foam dam
However, a foam solullon
height of 600 mm of the tank to be
application rate of 81 Ipm/m2 of the
protected
liqUid surface of the largest floating
roof tank for 65 minutes may be
In case of floating roof Sinking, the
conSidered for a roof Sinking case
rate conSidered should be 8 1
For sample calculation, refer
Ipm/m2 of liqUid surface areas
(Annexure-IV)
tn determining total solution flow
Quantity of foam solullon requlfed
reqUirements, potenllal foam losses II)
should be calculated based on the
from wind and other factors shall be
following guidelines .-
considered

4.4.9 DURATION OF FOAM DISCHARGE

Size of Terminal Water/Foam
(InKl) Monitor (Nos.)
The equipment shall be capable of
prOViding pnmary protecllon at the
For Installation having Nil.
specified delivery rates for the
aggregate capacity of
follOWing minimum duration
1000 KL

I) Tanks containing Class 'A' & 'B' For Installation having 1 No of

65 minutes aggregate capacIty up 1600lpm
il) Where the system's pnmary to 10,000 KL
purpose is for spill fire protection
For Installation having 1 No. of
30 minutes
aggregate capacity up 2400 Ipm
4.4.10 WATER FOR FOAM MAKING
to 25,000 KL
Water quantity required for making 2 Nos of
For fnstarfation having
foam solullon depends on the 2400 Ipm.
aggregate capacity
percent concentration of foam more than 25,000 KL
compound Foams In normal use
have a 3% to 6% proporflonlng ratio Two hose streams of foam each
III)
However, foam supplier data shall With a capadty of 1140 Ipm of foam
be used for determining water
solution.
requiremenl
The aggregate quantity of foam
solutions should be largest of
4411(i), 44.11(11) and 4.4 11 (III)
 as above for a minimum period of For sample calculation, refer
65 minutes From this the quantity (Annexure- IV)
of foam based on 3% or 6%
proportion should be calculated 4.5 CLEAN AGENT FIRE
However, for installation having PROTECTION SYSTEM
aggregate storage not more than
10,000 Kl, the foam concentrate 4.5.1 General
storage shall be based on 4.4 l(i)
only Clean agent fire extingUishing
system as per NFPA-2001 (latest
In case of AViation Fuelling Stations edllion) shall be conSidered for such
where aggregate product storage protection system
capacity IS less than 1000 KL, foam
quantity for spill fire protection of 30 The Protection System broadly
minutes shall be made consists of container, feed Imes, ring
mains/laterals, spray nozzles,
4.4.12 FOAM COMPOUND STORAGE Signaling equipment and cables,
heat detection and activation
Foam compound should be stored devices
as explained In IS-49892006/Ul-
162 The Protection System can detect,
control & extmgulsh the fICeand also
Type of foam compound used can Simultaneously give audiO Visual
be protein or fluro-proteln or AFFF ,ndicat,on on the control panel
Alcohol Resistant Foam shall be
used for handling methanol/ ethanol 4.5.2 Recommended Use
or furfural fICes M,nimum 1 Kl of
Alcohol Resistant Foam compound The system may be conSidered for
shall be maintained at the protection of floating roof tanks,
installation to handle control rooms and computer rooms,
methanol/ethanol or furfural fICe
4.5.3 QUANTITY AND STORAGE
Shelf life of foam compound shall be
taken from manufacturer's data Each hazard area to be protected by
the protection system shall have an
Foam compound shall be tested Independent system
periodically as per OEM gUidelines
to ensure its quality and the The lime needed to obtam the gas
deteriorated quantity replaced The for replacement to restore the
deteriorated foam compound can be systems shall be considered as a
used for fire training purposes For governmg factor In determlnmg the
details of type of tests & their reserve supply needed, 100%
periodicity, refer IS 4989 2006/UL- standby containers shall be
162 or EqUivalent Standard conSidered for each protected
hazard
Quantity of foam compound equal to
100% of requirement as calculated Storage con tamers shall be tocated
in 4 411 should be stored in the as near as pOSSibleto hazard area
Installation, NOI. 2 ThiS quantity may but shall not be exposed to fire,
be SUitably reduced if mutual aid for
foam supply ISavailable
 Floaling roof tanks of 60 m and
Storage containers shall be carefully
above diameter may be conSidered
located so that they are not for proteclion by installing such
subjected to mechanical, chemical
systems
or other damage.
All the components of the system
shall be capable of withstanding 4.5.5 CONTROL ROOM AND
heat of fire and severe weather COMPUTER ROOM PROTECTION

conditions
Control rOom and computer room
TANK may be protected by Clean Agent
4.5.4 FLOATING ROOF
Fire Extinguishing System.
PROTECTION

It ,s considered good practice to

Floating roof tank may be protected
by clean agent or foam flooding
based fire extinguishing system for
Its In bUilt detection, control and
actuation mechanism If a rim seal
fife occurs, "Its heat causes one or
more spray nozzles to open and the
gas IS applied on the surface of fire
and alarm ISsounded
avoid unnecessary exposure to
Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing
System In order to minimiZe the
exposure, persons should be
evacuated from the areas before the
system comes into operation.

This IS In addition to the fixed water

spray system and Fixed foam
system or SemHlxed foam system
on all floating roof tanks stOring
Class A & B petroleum.
4.6 FIRST AID FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

4.6.1 Portable Fire Extinguishers

i) All fire extinguishers shall conform to respective IS/UL or EqUivalent codes, VIZ 10 Kg
OCP Type (IS2171/Ul299), 45/6.8 Kg C02 Type (IS 2878/Ul 154) & 25/50/75 Kg OCP
Type (IS 10658/UL 299) and bear ISI/Ul mark. BIS/UL or Equivalent certificates of all
extJngUishers shall be maintained at the location
II) While selecting the Extinguisher, due consideration should be given to the factors like
flow rate, discharge lime and throw In line with IS2190 J UL711.
ill) The Dry Chemical Powder used In extJngUisher and carbon diOXide gas used as
expelling agent shall be as per relevant ISJUl or EqUivalent code
iv) While o;electlng the dry chemical powder, due conSideration should be given to the
typical properties VIZ Apparent DenSity (065 +/- 005), Fife Rating (144B), Thermal
Gravimetric AnalysIs (With decompOSition at around 250°C) and foam compatibility
v) Siliconlsed Potassium bicarbonate OCP powder (IS 43082003) / Mono-ammonium
phosphate based OCP powder (IS 14609) can also be used for recharging OCP fife
extinguishers.
vi) Spare C02 cartridges and OCP refdls as required based on thelf shelf life should be
maintained However, minimum '0% of the total cllarge In the extinguishers should be
maintained at the 10catJon.
vII) Portable fire extinguIshers shall be located at convenient locations and are readily
accessible and clearly VISibleI at all times
VIII)The sand buckets shall have round bottom With bottom handle haVing 9 liter water
capaCity conforming to IS2546 The sand stored In bucket shall be fine and free from 011,
water or rubbish.
ix) Rain protection of sUitable design should be provided for all extingUishers & sand
buckets
x) The maximum running distance to locate an extrngUisher shall not exceed 15 m
xi) The extingUisher shall be Installed in such a way that ItS top surface IS not be more than
15m above the floor/ground level
xII) The no. of extinguishers at various locations shall be provided as under

Petroleum Depots, Terminals & Lube Oil Installations

Sr, No. Type of Area , Scale of Portable Fire Extinguishers

(I) lube Godown 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher for every 200 m2 or
min 2 Nos In each Godown whichever IS higher.
(II) Lube Filling Shed 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher for 200 m2 Or mln
I 2 Nos In each Shed whichever IShigher
(III) Storage of (Class NB) 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher for 100 m2 or mln
In packed containers and 2 Nos In each Storage Area whichever IS higher.
stored In open/closed area
(Iv) Pump House (Class NB) 1 No. 10 Kg OCP for 2 pumps.
Up to 50 HP 1 No 10 Kg OCP for each pump
Above 50-100 HP 2 Nos of 10 kg or 1 no. of 25 kg OCP for each
Beyond 100 HP pump
(v) Pump House (Class C)
Up to 50 HP 1 no. 1OKgOCP for every 4 pumps up to 50 HP
Above 50 HP 2 nos 10 Kg OCP or 1x25 kg OCP for 4 pumps
(VI) Tank Truck loading & 1 No. 10 Kg OCP extingUisher for each bay plus 1
unloading gantry for No. 75 Kg OCP extinguisher for each gantry
POL/Special products
 (VII) Tank Wagon loading 1 No. 10 Kg OCP extinguisher for every 30 m of
and unloading gantrylsldlng ISldlng plus 1 No 75 Kg OCP extinguisher for each
gantry/siding
(vIii) NG Tank Farm 2 Nos 10 Kg OCP extingUishers for each tank plus
4 Nos. 25 Kg OCP extingUishers for each Tank
Farm pOSitioned at four corners in case of
adjoining tank farms, the no. of
25 Kg extinguishers may be reduced by 2 nos. per
tank farm
(Ix) U/G Tank Farm 2 Nos 10 Kg OCP extingUisher for each Tank
Farm
(x) Other Pump Houses 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher for every two
pumps or mln 2 Nos 10 Kg OCP extinguisher for
each Pump House whichever IS higher.
(XI) Admin Building/Store 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher tor every 200 m2 or
House mln 2 Nos 10 Kg OCP extinguishers for each
floor of BUlldlnglStore whichever is higher
(xiI) OG Room 2 Nos e~ch 10 Kg OCP & 4.5 Kg CO2
extingUishers for each OG room.
(XIII) Main SWitch Room/Sub- 1 No. 45 Kg C02 extinguisher for every 25 m2
Station plus 1 No 9 Uter sand bucket per transformer bay.
(XIV) Computer Room/ Cabm 2 Nos of 2 Kg C02 or 2 Nos. of 2.5 Kg Clean
Agent extingUisher per Computer Room and 1 No.
2 Kg CO2 or 1 No. 10 Kg Clean Agent
extinguisher per cabin.
(xv) Secuflty Cabin 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher per cabin.
(XVI) Canteen 1 No 10 Kg OCP extingUisher for 100 m2
(xvII) Workshop 1 No 10 Kg OCP extinguisher & 1 No 2 Kg CO2
extinguisher
(XVIII) Laboratory 1 NO.1 0 Kg OCP extinguisher & 1 NO.4 5 Kg CO2
extinguisher
(XIX) Oil Sample Storage Room 1 No. 10 Kg OCP extinguisher per 100 m2 or min.
1 no. 10 Kg extinguisher per room whichever is
higher.
(xx) Effluent Treatment'Plant 1 No 75 Kg. & 2 nos. 10 Kg OCP Extinguisher
(XXI) Transformer 1 No 10 Kg. OCP extingUisher
(XXii) UPS / Charger Room 1 No 2 Kg C02 extinguisher

NOTE ;- ALL FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SHALL BEAR ISI OR EQUIVALENT MARK

 Pipeline Installations

For pipeline Installations, the portable extinguisher shall be provided as per the above list
(46 1) sUitably amended along with follOWing addillons-

Sr. No. Type of Area Scale of Portable Fire Extinguishers

(I) Main line pump shed 1 No 75 Kg DCP, 10 Kg DCP & 6.8 Kg CO2
(Engine/Motor Driven) extinguishers per two pumps up to a maximum of
4 nos
(II) Booster Pump 1 No 10 Kg DCP per two pumps up to a maximum
. of 3 nos and 1 No 6.8 Kg C02 extinguIsher
(III) , Sump Pump, 1 No 10 Kg DCP extinguisher
Transmix Pump & Oil
Water Separator Pump
(Iv) Scrapper Barrel 1 NO.1 0 Kg DCP extinguisher
(v) Control Room 2 Nos 2 5 Kg Clean Agent and 1 No 4.5 Kg CO2
extinguisher
(VI) UHF / RadiO Room 2 Nos 2 5 Kg Clean Agent and 1 No 45 Kg CO2
extinguisher
(vII) Meter Prover/Separator 1 No 10 Kg DCP extinguisher
Filter
(VIII) Repeater Station . 1 No 10 Kg OCP & 1 No 2 Kg C02 extinguisher.
(IX) Mainline Emergency 4 Nos. 10 Kg DCP & 2 Nos.
Equipment Centre 2 Kg C02 extinguishers
(x) Air Compressor 1 No 2 Kg C02 & 1 No 5 Kg DCP extingUisher

4.6.2 Wheeled Fire Fighting Equipment

For Installations having tanks of diameter large than 9 m follOWing fire fightlngequipments
shall be provlded-

Size of Terminal (In KL) Water/Foam Monitor (Nos.)

For installation having aggregate Nil
capacity of 1000 KL
For installation having aggregate 1 No of 1600 Ipm
capacity up to 10,000 KL
For InstallatIOn having aggregate 1 No. of 2400 Ipm
capacity up to 25,000 KL
For Installation having aggregate 2 Nos of 2400lpm
capacity more than 25,000 KL

Foam compound trolley 200/210 liters shall be prOVided as Under-

Tank diameter (In m) Water/Foam Monitor (Nos.)

UP to 24 m 1 No
24 m - 30 m 2 Nos
Above 30 m 3 Nos
 4.6.3 HOSES, NOZZLES & ACCESSORIES Facility, TfW Loadlng/Unloading Facility,
Tank Farm, FW Pump House & Product
(i) Hoses Pump House (s).
Water Jel blanket: 1 No.
i) Reinforced rubber hned canvas or Non- Red & Green flag for fire drill. 2 Nos. in
percolat'ng synthetic fire hoses each color
conforming to IS- 636/ UL 19 (Type A or SCBA Set (30 minute capacity) 1 Set
B) shall be provided With spare cylinder.
il) The length and diameter of the hoses PA System - 1 No
shall be 15 m and 63 mm respectively Hose box Between two hydrant points
fltled with Instantaneous type male & Frre hose 2 Nos per hose box
female couplings of malenal as speCIfied Jet nozzle 1 No In each hose box
In IS 636/UL 19
III) The number of hoses stored In an oil The above gUidelines are mimmum
Installalion shall be 30% of the number reqUirement of each Item and can be
of hydrant outlets. The minimum No of Increased depending on the scale of
hoses stored. however. shall not be less operations/slze of installation or
than 10 requrrement of Local Statutory
IV)The hoses shall be stored at convenient Bodles/State Govt
and easily acceSSible location In the 011
,nstallation A trolley containing Fire Proxlmily SUIt, B
A. Set. Water Jel Blanket, Resuscitator,
(Iii Nozzles First A,d Box, Stretcher with blanket.
Spare fire hoses, SpeCial purpose
In addition to the Jet nozzle provided In nozzles, Foam branch pipes,
each hose box, there shall be at least Exploslmeter. P A System shall be
two nozzles In each category VIZ. Jet readily available at the location and
nozzle with branch pipe. Fog nozzle, POSitioned to have easy access to It
Universal nozzle. Foam branch pipe and dunng emergency situation
Water curtain nozzle as per relevant
IS/UL Codes maintained at the location. 4.7 MOBILE FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

(iii) Accessories Mobile fire fighting equipment include

Foam trolleys, Portable water-cum-foam
The following Personal Protective montlors, etc. In view of comprehensive
Equipment, First Aid EqUipment & Fixed and First Aid Fire proteclion
Safety Instrument shall be prOVided as equipment recommended in the
indicated against each Item Standard. provIsion of Mobile fire
fighting equipments in the installation is
Sand drum with scoop. 4 Nos not conSidered necessary. However, the
Safety helmet. 1 No. per person requirement of such equipment may be
Stretcher with blanket 2 Nos reViewed keeping In mind the size,
First Aid box: 1 No nature and location of the Installation.
Rubber hand glove' 2 Pairs
Explosimeter . 1 No.
Fire proximity SUit 1 Suit
Resuscitator: 1 No
Electrical siren (3 Km range) 1 No
Hand operated siren One each at
Admn Bldg. Laboratory. Planning room,
Control room, T/L Loadlng/Unloading
 5.0 FIRE ALARM/COMMUNICATION iii) Wherever possible hot line
SYSTEM connection between City Fire Brigade
& nearby Industnes shall be provided
5.1 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM for major installation on need baSIS

IV) Installation shall have a 'Mutual Aid'

I) Hand operated sirens shall be
arrangement With nearby Industnes to
provided at strategic locations and
pool in their resources during
clearly marked in the Installation
emergency
II) Electnc fire siren shall be Installed at
sUitable location with operating SWitch
located near the risk area at a safe, 6.0 FIRE SAFETY ORGANISATION/
Identifiable and easily accessible TRAINING
place
III) Electnc fire sICenshall be audible to 6,1 ORGANISATION
the farthest distance In the installation
and also In the surrounding area up A well defined comprehensive On-site
to 1 km from the penphery of the Emergency Plan as per OISO-GDN-
Installalion 168 shall be drawn,
IV) Electnc fire sirens shall be connected
to feeder to ensure continuous power 6,2 TRAINING
supply dunng emergency shut down
v) The tone of fire siren shall be
different from shift siren I) The fire fighling training shall be
VI) The following fire siren codes should compulsory for all officers, clencals,
be followed for different emergency operators. security, TfT drivers &
SituatIons
contract workmen who are likely to be
present In the Installation and record
maintained
• FIRE' For fire Situation, the siren
II) Training on fire & safety aspects to all
shall be walling sound for 2
concerned shall be Imparted as per
minutes
0150-5TO-154
• DISASTER For disaster
ill) Every employee or authorized person
situation. the siren shall be wailing
of contractor working in the
sound for 2 minutes repeated
Installation shall be made familiarized
thnce with a gap of 10 seconds
With fire siren codes and know the
• ALL CLEAR For all clear location of fire siren operating SWitch
situation, the Siren shall be straight nearest to his place of work.
run sound for 2 minutes IV) Instruclions on the aclion to be taken
• TEST'SIREN For testing. the In the event fire should be pasted at
siren shall be straight run sound each sICen point and familiarity With
for 2 minutes these instruclions ensured and
recorded.
5.2 COMMUNICA nON SYSTEM v) Monthly fire drills shall be conducted
regularly With full Involvement of all
I) Communication system like employees of the installation.
Telephone, Public Address System, VI) Mock disaster dnlls shall be
etc should be prOVided In non- conducted penodically as per local
hazardous areas of the Instillation statutory reqUirements
Vii) The post drill analysis should be
H) In hazardous areas, flame- camed out & discussed emphasJzlng
proof/lntnnslcally safe Paging areas of Improvements.
Syslem. Walkie-talkie system or VHF Viii) The record of such drills should be
Set shall be prOVided maintained at the location
 discharge pressure. flow & motor load
7.0 FIRE EMERGENCY MANUAL are In conformity WIth the deSign
parameters
I) Each Installation shall prepare a IV) Each pump shall be test run
comprehensive fire emergency continuously for 4 hours at Its rated
manual covenng all emergency head & flow uSing Circulation line of
scenanos detailing the actions to be fICe water storage tanks and
taken In the event of fire emergency observations logged once a year.
v) The testing of standby Jockey pump. If
for effective handilng
provided shall be checked weekly
Frequent starts & stops of the pump
II) The key action pOints of this manual
indicates that there are water leaks In
shall be displayed at strategic the system which should be attended
locations In the Installation for ready
to promptly
reference
8.2 FIRE WATER RING MAINS
8.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM,
INSPECTION AND TESTING (i) The ring main shall be checked for
leaks once In a year by operatmg one
I) The fICeprotection equipment shall be or more pumps & keeping the hydrant
kept In good working condition all the points closed to get the maximum
time pressure
II) The fire protection system shall be (II) The nng maIns. hydrant. monitor &
penodically tested for proper water spray header valves shall be
functioning and logged for record and visually Inspected for any missing
correctIve actions accessOries. defects. damage and
III) Inspection & maintenance of fire corrosion every month and records
fighting equipment shall be done in maintained
accordance with OISD-STD-142 (ill) All valves on the ring mains. hydrants.
IV) In addition to routine daily monitors & water spray headers shall
checks/maintenance. the following be checked for leaks, smooth
periodic Inspection/testing of fire operation and lubncated once In a
fighting eqUipment shall be ensured month
v) One officer shall be designated and
made responsible for Inspectlo,,, 8.3 FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
maintenance & testing of fICe
protection system I) Water spray system on storage tanks
VI) The responSibilities of each officer
shall be tested lor spray density. flow
shall be clearly defined. explained and
rate & response time and venfled With
communicated to all concerned In
the performance test certificate
writing for role clanty proVided by manufacturer once In six
months
8.1 FIRE WATER PUMPS II) Spray nozzles shall be inspected for
proper orientation, corrosion and
I) Every pump shall be test run for at cleaned If necessary al least once a
least half an hour or as per OEM year
gUidelines. whichever IShigher twice a iil) The strainers provided In the water
week at the rated head & flow spray system shall be cleaned once In
Ii) Each pump shall be checked. tested a quarter and records maintained
and its shut-off pressure observed
once In a month 8.4 FIXED/SEMI FIXED FOAM SYSTEM
IIi) Each pump shall be checked & tested
for its performance once In six month
Fixed/Semi fixed foam system on
by opening requICed nos of
storage tanks should be tested once in
hydrants/monitors depending on the
capacity of the pump to venfy that the
 six months. This shall Include the 9,0 REFERENCES
testing of foam makerlchamber
1) NFPA 11 - Standard on Low
The foam chamber should be Expansion Foam Systems.
designed sUitably to facilitate of foam
discharge outside the cone roof tank 2) NFPA 13 - Standard on
After testmg foam system, plpmg Installation of Spnnkler System.
should be flushed with water.
3) NFPA 15 - Standard on
8,5 CLEAN AGENT SYSTEM Installation of Water Spray
System.
Clean agent fire extmgulshlng system
should be checked as under- 4) NFPA 20 Standard on
Installation 01 Centnfugal Fife
I) Agent quantity and pressure of Pumps.
refillable containers shall be checked
once every six month. 5) NFPA - 2001 (Edition 2004)
It) The complete system should be Standard on Ctean Agent Fife
mspected for proper operation once ExtingUishing System
every year (Refer latest NFPA
2001 (2004 Edition) for details of 6) No 72-289 - French Regulation
mspectlon of vanous systems) for Hydrocarbon Depots

8,6 HOSES 10) The Petroleum Rules - 2002,

Fire hoses shall be hydraulically tested 11) Model Code of Safe Practices
once in six months to a water pressure The Institute of Petroleum (U K.)
as specified In relevant
ISIUUEqulvalent codes 15) International Safe Practices of
Oil Industry
8,7 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
16) 15-3844 Code of Practice on
Electnc and hand operated fire sirens Installation of Internal Hydrants
should be tested for their maximum In Multistory Building
audible range once a week.
17) 0ISO-GON-115 GUIdelines on
8,8 FIRE WATER TANK/RESERVOIR Fife Fightmg EqUipment &
Appliances In Petroleum
i) Above ground fire water tanks should Industry
be Inspected externally & Internally as
per OISD-STD-129. 18) 0ISO-STO-142 Standard on
Inspection of Fire Fighting
il) The water of reservoir shall be
EqUIpment & Systems
cleaned once In 6 months or as &
when required to keep It free from
foreign matenal, fungus & vegetation 19) 0ISO-STD-154 Standard on
Safety Aspects in Functional
8,9 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Tralnmg

Inspection, testing frequency and

procedure should be in line With
OISD-STD-142
20) Ozone Depletion Substances 24) IS, 14609 Standard on Dry
Regulation & Control Rules • Chemical Powder for Fighting
2000 Ministry of Environment & A.8, C Class Fires
Forests, Government of India SpeCifications

21) Kyoto Protocol 25) IS,4989 Standard on Foam

Concentrate for Producing
22) IS,15683,' Standard on Portable Mechanical Foam for Fire
Fife ExtingUishers Fighting Flammable Liquid Fires
Performance & Construction , Specifications,
SpeCIficatIOns

23) IS,4308 Standard on Dry

Chemical Powder for Fighting 8
& C Class Fifes
SpeCIfications
 ANNEXURE-I

SAMPLE CALCULATION OF FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR STORAGE TANKS

1. DESIGN BASIS

The fire water system in an installation shall be designed to meet the fire water now
reqUIrement of fighting single largest fire scenariO

2. FIRE WATER DEMAND FOR SINGLE LARGEST FIRE

Consider various areas under fire and calculate fire water demand for each area based
on design basIs

2.1 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR FLOATING ROOF TANK PROTECTION

Data
3
Total storage capacJty In one dyke are" = 32,000 m
No. of tanks = 2
3
Capacity of each tank = 16,000 m
Diameter of each tank = 40 m
Height of each tank = 14.4 m

a) Cooling water flow rate

Cooling water required for tank on fire
Cooling water rate = 3 Ipm/m2 of tank area for tank on fire
Cooling water reqUfred = 3 142 x 40 m x 144 m x 3 Ipmlm'
= 5426 Ipm
= 5426 x 60 m'lhr = 326 m'/hr
1000

Assuming that second tank IS located within the tank dyke at a distance more than 30 m
from the tanks shell Therefore, m such case cOolmg reqUJred IS at the rate of 1 Ipmlm' of
tank shell area

Cooling water rate =

,
Cooling water required for tank falling beyond (R+30) from centre of tank on fire
1 Ipmlm of tank area
Cooling water reqUfred = 3 142 x 40 m x 14.4 m x 11pmlm'
= 18091pm
= 1809 x 60 m'lhr = 109 m'/hr.
1000

b} Foam water flow rate

Foam solution application rate
Foam solution required
Foam water required
= 12 Ipm/m' of rim seal area of tank
= 3.142 x 40 m x 0 8 m x 12 Ipm/m'
= 097x12121pm = 11761pm
= 1176 x 60 m'lhr = 71 m'lhr.
1000
 ANNEXURE- J

SAMPLE CALCULATION OF FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR STORAGE TANKS

1. DESIGN BASIS

The fire water system in an installation shall be deSigned to meet the fire water fiow
requirement of fighting single largest fire scenario

2. FIRE WATER DEMAND FOR SINGLE LARGEST FIRE

Consider various areas under fire and calculate fire water demand for each area based
on design baSIS.

2.1 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR FLOATING ROOF TANK PROTECTION

Data
Total storage capacity in one dyke ares = 32,000 m'
No. of tanks = 2
Capacity of each tank = 16,000 m'
Diameter of each tank = 40m
Height of each tank = 144m

a) Cooling water flow rate

Cooling water required for tank on fire
Cooling water rate = 3 Ipmtm' of tank area for tank on fire
Cooling water reqUired = 3.142 x 40 m x 14.4 m x 3 Ipm/m'
= 5426 Ipm
= 5426 x 60 m'/hr = 326 m'thr.
1000

Assuming that second tank IS located within the tank dyke at a distance more than 30 m
from the tanks shell. Therefore, In such case cooling reqUIred ISat the rate of 1 Ipm/m' of
tank shell area

Cooling water required for tank falling beyond (R+30) from centre of tank on fire
Cooling water rate = 1 Ipmtm' of tank area
Cooling water required = 3142 x 40 m x 144 m x 1lpm/m'.
= 18091pm
= 1809 x 60 m'/hr = 109 m'/hr.
1000

b) Foam water flow rate

Foam solution application rate = 12 Ipm/m' of rim seal area of tank
Foam solullon required = 3.142 x 40 m x 08 m x 12lpm/m'.
Foam water required = 097 x 12121pm = 11761pm.
= 1176 x 60 m'thr = 71 m'/hr.
1000
 c) Tolal waler flow rale
Tank cooling = 326 + 109 = 435m'/hr
Foam solution application = 71 m'/hr.
Total = 506 m'/hr
Say = 510 m'/hr.

2.2 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR CONE ROOF TANK PROTECTION

Data
Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 50.000 m'
No of tanks = 4
Capacity of each tank = 12,500 m'.
Diameter of each tank = 375 m
Height of each tank = 12 m

a) Cooling water flow rate

Cooling water required for tank on fire
Cooling water rate = 3 Ipm/m' of tank area for tank on fire
Cooling water required = 3142 x 37.5 m x 12 m x 3/pm/m'
= 4242 Ipm.
= 4242 x 60 m'/hr = 255 m'/hr
1000

Cooling water required for tanks falling within (R+30) from centre of lank on fire
Cooling water rate = 3 Ipm/m' of tank area
Cooling water required = 3.142 x 375 m x 12 m x 3 Ipm/m' x 3
= 127261pm
= 12726 x 60 m'/hr = 764 m'/hr,
1000
Total cooling water required = 254 + 762 = 1019 m3/hr.

b) Foam water flow rate

Foam solution application rate
Foam solution reqUired
Foam water reqUired
= 5 Ipm/m' of liqUid surface area
= 3142 x (1875 m)' x 5Ipm/m'.
= 55231pm.
= 0.97 x 5523 Ipm = 5357 Ipm.
= 5357 x 60 m'/hr = 321 m'/hr.
1000

c) Total waler flow rate

Tank cooling = 1019 m'/hr
Foam solution application = 321 m'/hr.
Total = 1340 m'/hr.

2.3 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR COOLING POL TANK WAGON LOADING GANTRY
(Ref Annex - II) : Total water requirement = 918 m3/hr.
2.4 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR SUPPLEMENTARY HOSE STREAMS

Water for 4 single hydrant streams = 4 x 36 = 144 m3/hr

Water for 1 monitor stream = 144 m3/hr
Total water reqUirement = 288 m3 / hr.

3.0 TOTAL DESIGN FIRE WATER FLOW RATE

Total design fire water flow rate would be the largest of rlre water flow rates calculated as
per 21, 22, 2 3 and 2.4 above

Design fJre water rate = 1340 m3/hr.

_m_) 0 X 0 ( _m_
 ANNEXURE-II
SAMPLE CALCULATION OF FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR POL TANK WAGON LOADING
GANTRY

a) Data

= 72 Conventional or
Total No. of loading points
= 48 BTPN
'Conslder 20 loading pOints on each side
= 700 m
Length of Rail Gantry
= 12 m
Width of tank wagon gantry
Cooling two spur other distance

b) Cooling water flow rate

D,v,de total area of gantry Into 24 segments, each segment admeasuring 292m X 12 m
and consider 3 segments operating at a time

= 3 x 29 2 x 12 x 10
Water rate requrred
= 630 cum/hr
= 630 cum/hr + 288 cum
Total water requrrement
= 918 cum/hr
(including hydrant/monitors)

_.u.) 0 x 0 (._.u
 ANNEXURE-II'

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIRE FIGHTING FOAM

1.0 FIRE FIGHTING FOAM

Fire flghling foam is a homogeneous mass of tiny air or gas filled bubble of low specific
gravity, which when applied In correct manner and In sufficient quanlity, forms a compact
fluid and stable blanket which IS capable of floating on the surface of flammable liquids
and preventmg atmospheric air from reachmg the liqUid

2.0 TYPES OF FOAM COMPOUND

Two Types of foams are used for fighting liquid fires

2.1 CHEMICAL FOAM

When two or more chemicals are added the foam generates due to chemical reaclion
The most common Ingredlerts used for chemical foam are sodium bicarbonate and
aluminum sulphate With slabllizer. The chemical foam IS generally used In Fire
extinguishers

2.2 MECHANICAL FOAM

It IS produced by mechanically miXing a gas or alf to a solution of foam compound
(concentrate) in water. Vanous types of foam concentrates are used for generating foam.
depending on the requlfement and sUitability E~ch concentrate has Its own advantage
and limitations. The bnef descnptlon of foam concentrates is given below

3.0 MECHANICAL FOAM COMPOUND

Mechanical foam compound may be classified In to 3 categories based on It'Sexpansion

ratIo

3.1 LOW EXPANSION FOAM

Foam expansion ratio may be upto 50 to 1, but usually between 5 1 to 151 as typically
produced by self aspirating foam branch pipes

The low expansion foam contains more water and has better resistant to fife It IS sUitable
for hydrocarbon liqUid fires and IS widely used In 011 refinery, 011 platforms, petrochemical
and other chemicallndustnes

3.2 MEDIUM EXPANSION FOAM:

Foam expansion ratio vary from 51 1 to 500 1 as typically produced by self asplfaling
foam branch pipes With nets ThiS foam has limited use In controlling hydrocarbon liquid
fife because of it's limitations w r. t poor cooilng. poor resistant to hot surface/radiant
heat etc
 3.4 HIGH EXPANSION FOAM

Foam expansion ratio vary from 5011 to 15001, usually between 7501 to 1000:1 as
typically produced by foam generators with air fans This foam has also very limited use In
controlling hydrocarbon liqUid fire because of its limitations W r. t poor cooling. poor
resistant to hot surface/radiant heat etc It IS used for protection of hydrocarbon gases
stored under cryogenic conditions and for warehouse protection

4.0 TYPES OF LOW EXPANSION FOAM

4.1 PROTEIN BASE FOAM

The foam concentrate IS prepared from hydrolyzed protein either from animals or
vegetable source The SUitable stabilizer and preservatives are also added

The concentrate forms a thick foam blanket and IS SUitable for hydrocarbon liquid fires,
but not on water miSCible liqUids The effectiveness of foam IS not very good on deep
pools or low flash pOint fuels which have had lengthy preburn time unless applied very
gently to the surface

The concentrate IS available for induction rate of 3 to 6%. The shelf life of concentrate is
2 years

4.2 FlUORO PROTEIN FOAM

This is similar to protein base foam With fluro-chemlcal which makes It more effective than
protein base foam.

The concentrate forms a thick foam blanket and IS SUitable for hydrocarbon liqUid fires.
but not on water miscible liqUids The foam IS very effective on deep pools of low Nash
point fuels which have had lengthy pre burn time.

The concentrate is available for induction rate of 3 to 6% and the shelf life ISSimilar to that
of protein base foam.

4.3 AQUEOUS FILM FORMING FOAM (AFFF)

The foam concentrate mainly consists of fluoro carbon surfactants, foaming agent and
stabilizer. ThiS can be used with fresh water as well as with sea water

It produces very fluid foam, which flows freely on liquid surface The aqueous film
produced suppresses the liquid vapour qUickly The foam has qUick fire knock down
property and is SUitable for liqUid hydrocarbon fifes As the foam has poor drainage rate,
the effectiveness is limited on deep pool flies of low flash pOint fuels which have lengthy
pre burn time

The concentrate is available for Induction rate of 3 to 6% and the shelf life IS more than 10
years. This can also be used With non aspirating type nozzles.
 4.4 MULTIPURPOSE AFFF

Multipurpose AFFF concentrate IS synthetic, foaming liquid designed specially for fire
protection of water soluble solvents and water Insoluble hydrocarbon liqUids. ThiS can be
used either with fresh water of sea water.

When applied It forms foam with a cohesive polymeric layer on liquid surface, which
suppresses the vapour and extingUishes the fire. The foam is also SUitable for deep pool
fires because of superior drainage rate and more resistive to hot fuels/radiant heat

The 3% induction rate IS SUitable for liqUid hydrocarbon fires and 5% for water miSCible
solvents. The shelf life of concentrate is not less than 10 years ThiS can also be used
with non aspirating type nozzles

4,5 FILM FORMING FLOURO PROTEIN (FFFP)

FFFP combines the rapid fire knock down quality of conventional film forming AFFF with
the high level of post fire securlly and burn back resistance of flouro proleln foam The
concentrate can either be used with fresh water or sea water

The foam ISsuitable for hydrocarbon liquid fires including deep pool fires of low flash point
fuels which have had lengthy pre burn time.

The concentrate IS available for Induction rate of 3 to 6% and the shelf life is not less than
5 years. This can also be used with non aspirating type nozzles

5,0 TYPES OF MEDIUM AND HIGH EXPANSION FOAM

SynthetiC foam concentrate IS used with SUitable devices to produce medium and high
expansion foams ThiS can be used on hydrocarbon fuels with low boiling pOint The.
foam IS very light In weight and gives poor cooling effect In comparison to low expansion
foams. The foam IS susceptible 10 easy break down by hot fuel layers and radiant heat

The Induction rate In water may vary from 15 to 3% Many of the low expansion foam
concentrate can also be used With sl'ltable devices to produce medium / high expansion
foam.

m __ ) OxO( __
m
 ANNEXURE IV

TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF FIRE CASE IN A LARGE FLOATING ROOF TANK AFTER SINKING
OF FLOATING ROOF

Example for Calculation of Foam ReqUIrement for Floating Tank with Portable Monitors

DATA
40 m
Diameter of Tank

= Floatmg Roof
Type of Roof

= 8 11pm (as per NEPA-11)

Foam APplication Rate

= II x 40 x 40 x 8 114
Foam Solution ReqUlCement

= 1017361pm

= 6104 m'/hr

Say = 610 m' /hr.

This much quantities has to be thrown over to sunken roof area with the help of external long
range high volume monitors from the road side periphery of the tank farm The same may be
achieved by 2 nos, of 1000 gpm such monitors, In deSign rate calculation m Ann 1, sinking of
floating roof has not been considered, however, Installation may conSider sIzing the water
network around tank farms to take up such load sO than long range monitors can be fed from this
network by diverting other water available In installation to tank farms In such emergency"

101736 x 3/100
Foam Compound Requirement

= 305 2 Ipm

Say = 305 Ipm

Foam Compound ReqUirement for 65 minutes with 3% concentration

= 305 x 65

19825 L

Say = 20,000 L

•• If two major fife occurs In an Installation with roof sinking case as one of them

n_n) OxO(n __-