InfantsEdition

Wecancounton
fromthebiggest
numbertoworkout
anumbersentence

Icandoublenumbers
byaddingthem
together

IcanuseSkip
Countingtoworkout
howmanysquaresto
moveforwardwhen
playingSnakesand
Ladders!

ASpecialthankyoutoRockinghamLakesP.SinW.Awhodevelopedthisbooklet

Using Basic Facts

RememberingBasicNumberFacts helpsustoworkwithnumbers
quickerandwithease.Differentpeoplerememberdifferentnumber
facts.Howmanynumberfactscanyouremember?

3!y!3!>!5!

41!!26!>!26!
23!.!3!>!21!

4!,!4!>!7!
21!,!2!>!22!

6!y!5!>!31!

36!.!36!>!1!

61!.!41!>!31!

39!!29!>!21!

21!,!2!>!22!
3!y!4!>!7!
:!,!6!>!25!
3!,!3!>!5!
21!,!21!>!31!

26!,!26!>!41!

41!,!81!>!211!

61!,!31!>!
2

25!,!7!>!31!

29,!3!>!31!

Skip Counting
24681012
141618

Letsskip
countby2s!

Wecanskipcountlotsofthingslikeourpencils,
Lego,toys,counters

Countforwardsandbackwardsby2s

3! 5! 7! 9! 21! 23! 25! 27! 29! 31!33!

Countforwardsandbackwardsby5s

6!21!26!31!36!41!46!51!56!61!66!71!
76!81!86!91!96!:1!:6!211!216!221!
Countforwardsandbackwardsby10sstartingfrom
differentpoints

! 21!31!41!51!61!71!81!91!:1!211!!!
9!29!39!49!59!69!79!89!99!:9!219!!
Countforwardsandbackwardsby100s

211!311!411!511!611!711!811!911!!!
3

Counting On
Countonbyonesfromthebiggestnumberto
calculateanadditionnumbersentence.Countonby
onesfromthebiggestnumbertocalculatean
additionnumbersentence.

26!,!:!>!35!
26!27!28!29!2:!31!32!33!34!35!
!

9!,!6!>!24!
9!:!21!22!23!24!
!

31!,!9!>!39!
31!32!33!34!35!36!37!38!39!
!

28!,!8!>!35!
28!29!2:!31!32!33!34!35!
Remembertolockthebiggestnumberinyourhead
andthencarefullycountalongthenumberlineand
stopatthesecondnumber.

26!!!!!!!!,!!!!!!!!!!7!
Countalongthe
numberline6
spacesandthen
stop

Keepthefirst
numberinyour
memory

26!27!28!29!2:!31!32!
4

Counting Back
Countbackbyonesfromthebiggestnumberto
calculateasubtractionnumbersentence.

34!!9!>!26!
34!33!32!31!2:!29!28!27!26!
!

41!!7!>!35!
41!3:!39!38!37!36!35!!
!

39!!23!>!27!
39!38!37!36!35!34!33!32!31!2:!29!28!27!
!

32!!23!>!:!
32!31!2:!29!28!27!26!25!24!23!22!21!:!
Remembertolockthebiggestnumberinyourhead
andthencarefullycountbackalongthenumberline
andstopatthesecondnumber.

24!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!7!
Countbackalong
thenumberline6
spacesandthen
stop

Keepthefirst
numberinyour
memory

24!23!22!21!:!9!8!!
5

+ Addition +
Grouping of place value

Separatenumbersintothousands,hundreds,tens
andonesandthencalculatetheanswer

34!,!25!>!
!
31!,!4!,!21!,!5!>!
41!,!8!>!
48!
!

56!,!63!>!
!
51!,!6!,!61!,!3!>!
:1!,!8!>!
:8!
!

239!,!256!>!
!
211!,!31!,!9!,!211!,!51!,!6!>!
311!,!71!,!24!>!
384!
!
!

Remembertoaddthehundreds,thetensandtheonestogether.
Dontforgetanyofthenumbers!PlaceValuecanbeusedasa
mentalmathsstrategybyitselfandwhenusingotherstrategies
likecountingon.

- Subtraction Grouping of place value

Separatenumbersintohundreds,tensandones
andthencalculatetheanswer.

36!!23!>!@! 31!!21!>!21! !!!21!,!4!>!!24!

! ! ! ! !6!.!3!!>!4!!
31!!6!!21!3! !
!
!
!
!

:7!.!54!>!@! :1!!51!>!61!!!61!,!4!>!!64!
! ! ! ! !7!.!4!!>!4!
:1!!7!!!51!4!
!
!
!
!
348!!223!>!@! 311211!>211!! !211,31,6!>!236!!
! ! ! ! !!!!41.!21!>31!
311!41!8!211!21!3! !8!.!3!>!6!
!!!!
!!! ! ! ! ! !
!
7

Ten-Frames
+ Addition +
Givesomefromonenumbertoanothertomake
easiernumberstoworkwith.
!9!,!8!!jt!21!,!6!!!!!!!!7!,!9!!!jt!!!21!,!5!

Move2fromthe6tothe8.
Thiswillmaketen

Move2from7tothe8.
Thiswillmake10.

26!,!38!!!isthesameas!!!31!,!33!>!53!

Move5fromthe27tomake20.Thenadd20and22together.
8

Doubling
Whenyoudoubleanumberyouaddittoitself.

Epvcmjoh! 2!
Epvcmjoh! 4!
Epvcmjoh! 6!
Epvcmjoh! 8!
Epvcmjoh! :!
Epvcmjoh! 22!

2!,!2!>!3! !
4!,!4!>!7! !
6!,!6!>!21!!
8!,!8!>!25!!
:!,!:!>!29! !
22!,!22!>!33!!

Epvcmjoh!3!
Epvcmjoh!5!
Epvcmjoh!7!
Epvcmjoh!9!
Epvcmjoh!21!
Epvcmjoh!23!

3!,!3!>!5!
5!,!5!>!9!
7!,!7!>!23!
9!,!9!>!27!
21!,!21!>!31!
23!,!23!>!35!

Halving
Whenyouhalveanumberyoubreakitinto
2equalparts.
Ibmg!pg!3!! >!2!!! ! Ibmg!pg!5!! >!3!
Ibmg!pg!7!! >!4!!!!!!!Ibmg!pg!9!! >!5!!!!!
Ibmg!pg!21!! >!6!!!!! Ibmg!pg!23!! >!7!
Ibmg!pg!25!! >!8!!!!! Ibmg!pg!27!! >!9!!!
Ibmg!pg!29!! >!:!!!!!!!Ibmg!pg!31!!>!21!
Knowingthedoublesofnumbershelpsyoutohalve
themaswell.DoublingandHalvinghelpsusto
calculatemathsproblemsmorequicklybyusing
differentmentalmathsstrategiesliketenframes
andbridging
9

Use Counting On to Solve

Subtraction
WecansolvesubtractionnumbersentencesbyCounting
Oninsteadofcountingback.SometimesCountingOn
makesiteasiertosolveasubtractionproblem.

28!.!25!>!4!
Jotufbe!pg!Dpvoujoh!Cbdl!
28!27!26!25!24!23!22!21!:!9!8!7!6!5!4!
ju!jt!fbtjfs!boe!rvjdlfs!up!Dpvou!Po!
Tubsu!bu!25!boe!tupq!bu!28!
25!26!27!28!
36!.!27!>!:!
Jotufbe!pg!Dpvoujoh!Cbdl!
36!35!34!33!32!31!2:!29!28!27!26!25!24!23!22!21!:!!
Ju!jt!fbtjfs!boe!rvjdlfs!up!Dpvou!Po!
Tubsu!bu!27!boe!tupq!bu!36!
27!28!29!2:!31!32!33!34!35!36!
4:!.!34!>!27!
Jotufbe!pg!Dpvoujoh!Cbdl!
4:!49!48!47!46!45!44!43!42!41!3:!39!38!37!36!35!34!
33!32!31!2:!29!28!27!
Ju!jt!fbtjfs!boe!rvjdlfs!up!Dpvou!Po!
Tubsu!bu!34!boe!tupq!bu!4:!
34!35!36!37!38!39!3:!41!42!43!44!45!46!47!48!49!4:!

10

Number Lines
WithNumberlines,wecanmakejumps
tosolvenumberproblems.
23!!7!>!7!
!!

Usingthenumberline
wecanstartat12and
jumpback6numbers
togiveusan
answerof6

1!2!3!4!5!6!7!8!9!:!21!22!23!!

!!!!!

4!

6!

61!!9!>!53! 51!52!53!54!55!56!57!58!59!5:!61!
Wecanalsojumpby
biggernumberstomake
itquickertofindthe
answer

WecanuseNumberLineswithothermathsstrategies
suchastenframes

!)4*!!
!!!!34!,!46!>!!!jt!uif!tbnf!bt!!!31!,!49!
!

Givethe3from23tothe35tomake38andthenimaginea
numberlinebyaddingonthe20.

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!21!!!!!21!
49!!!!59!!!!!!!69!
!!!!)4*!
! !!57!,!24!>!!!!jt!uif!tbnf!bt!!!5:!,!21!
Givethe3from13to46tomake49andthenimagineanumber
linebyaddingonthe10

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!21!
5:!!!!!!!!!!!!!6:!
11

Friends of Ten
FriendsofTenworktogethertomakemathsproblems
easier.Recognitionofnumbercombinationstoten
mustbeautomatic.
6!,!6!>!21!

8!,!4!>!21!

9!,!3!>!21! :!,!2!>!21!!!!5!,!7!>!21!
!
2:!,!2!>!31! 24!,!8!>!31! 23!,!9!>!31! 22!,!:!>!31! 26!,!6!>31!
!
36!,!36!>!61!!! 46!,!26!>!61! !!56!,!6!>!61! 31!,!41!>!61!

Bridging
Whenbridgingnumbersyouaddorsubtractfrom
thenumbersinaproblemtomakeiteasiertosolve.
Bridgingtomultiplesof10helpstomakemaths
problemseasiertosolve.
Bridgeto20
Take2from14andgive
it to 18

25!,!29!>!23!,!)29!,!3*!>!23!,!31!>!43!
Bridgeto40
Take3from55andgive
itto37

48!,!66!>!)4!,!48*!,!63!>!51!,!63!>!:3!
!
12

x Multiplication x
(Grouping)

4!y!5!>!23!
Thismeans3groupswithfouritemsineachgroup.

5!y!6!>!31!
Fourgroupswith5
itemsineachgroup.

!
!

8!y!7!>!53!
Sevengroupswithsix
itemsineachgroup.

Thisisalwaysdonewithconcretematerialssuchascounters,
pegs,blocks,toysordrawings.
13

 Division
(Sharing)

23!!4!>!5!
Weneedtofindouthowmanyitemsareineachgroup,sowe
make3groupsandequallysharethe12items.

!
21!!3!>!6!
Weneed2groupsand
Equallysharethe10items

!
!
!
29!!7!>!4!
Weneed6groupsand
equallysharethe18items

Thisisalwaysdonewithconcretematerialssuchascounters,
pegs,blocks,toysordrawings.
14

Number Families
Knowingtherelationshipbetweenadditionand
subtraction,divisionandmultiplication,helpsustowork
withnumberswhenwesolvenumberstoriesand
numbersentences.
Theseareoftencalledturnaroundfacts
!
24!,!8!>!31!!
6!y!4!>!26! !

8!,!24!>!31!!!!31!!8!>!24! !31!!24!>!8!
!
4!y!6!>!26! !!!26!!4!>!6!!!26!!6!>!4!

NumberFamilieshelpustosolvehiddennumberproblems

39!.!!!>!5!jt!uif!tbnf!bt!39! 5!>!!
!
!,!67!>!232!jt!uif!tbnf!bt!232! 67!>!!
!
2:!>!6!jt!uif!tbnf!bt!2:!,!6!>!

!
!!!!!!!:!y!!!>!74!jt!uif!tbnf!bt!74!!:!>!
!
!!!!!!!!6!>!5!jt!uif!tbnf!bt!5!y!6!>!
Wecanworkouthiddennumbersbyusingtherelationships
betweennumberoperations(+x).
15

Combination of Numbers
Numbersaremadeupofpartstomakeawhole.Knowingthe
differentpartsofnumbershelpsustouseothermental
mathsstrategieslikePlaceValue,BridgingandNumber
Families.Itishelpfultoknowthecombinationsfornumbers
5,10,20,50and100.
:!,!2!>!21!
9!,!3!>21!

4!,!8!>!21!

21!
8!,!4!>!21!

10ismadeupof
differentparts

7!,!5!>!21!

5!,!7!>!21!

6!,!6!>!21!

5!,!2!>!6!

4!,!3!>!6!

6!
5ismadeupof
differentparts

2!,!5!>!6!
16

3!,!4!>!6!

Solving Number Stories

Readthenumberstorycarefully.Highlighttheimportantmathswords.
Writeoutthenumbersentenceusingthehighlightedwordstohelpyou.

NumberStory

NumberSentence

!
MissMurrayhadsomefishinherfishtank.She
22!
wentshoppingandbought7morefishandnow
!!!!!!!!,!8!>!29!
shehas18.HowmanyfishdidMissMurrayhaveto
beginwith?
MissLeehad17 pencils.Shegave some pencilsout
tothechildrenandnowsheonlyhas12left.How
6!
!!!!28!.!!!!!>!23
!
manypencilsdidMissLeegiveouttothechildren?

Samboughtsomelolliesfromshop.Shehad3 bags !
with4lolliesineachbag.HowmanylolliesdidSam
!!!!4!y!5!!!>!!23!
havealltogether?
!
MrsJoneshad12 glitterpens.Shedecidedtoshare
thembetween3students.Howmanypensdid
eachstudentget?

!
!!!!23!!!4!>!! 5!
17

Website
Go to
Lake Munmorah Public School website:
www.lakemunmor-p.schools.nsw.edu.au/

Click on KLAs
Click on Maths
Here you will find many interesting and fun activities for your children.

Games
If you need help working Maths into any of these games contact the
school and we will give you some ideas.

Snakes and Ladders

Cards
Trouble
Headache
Connect 4
Tick-tack toe
Battleship
Any dice game . You can always change the numbers on your dice
or purchase ones with many numbers already on them.
First to 20 toss a dice and continue add the number you toss on
your next turn. (Make larger numbers for older children)

18

GLOSSARY
Other words for:

Addition plus

Eg: 3 plus 2 equals 5

add on
count on
and
sum of

3 add on 2 equals 5
3 count on 2 equals 5
3 and 2 equals 5
The sum of 3 and 2 is 5

Subtraction take away

minus
subtract
less than
difference between

Multiplication lots of

Division

Eg: 8 take away 5 equals 3

8 minus 5 equals 3
8 subtract 5 equals 3
5 less than 8 is 3
The difference between
8 and 5 is 3

Eg: 3 lots of 5 equals 15

groups of
times
multiplied by
product of

quotient of

3 groups of 5 equals 15
3 times 5 equals 15
3 multiplied by 5 is 15
The product of 3 and 5
is 15
Eg: The quotient of 15 and 5

is 3
15 divided by 5 is 3 is 5
15 shared equally
between 3 is 5
How many groups of 5 in
15 ? Answer 3

divided by
shared equally
how many groups of

19

Notes

20