PrimaryEdition

UsingtheSMART
boardisagreat
tooltohelpme
countbackinones
fromthebiggest
number!

WhenIworkedout
6+7Idecidedtotry
NearDoubling.Iknow
that6+6=12soI
addedon1fromthe7
tomake13!

IcanuseSkip
Countingtofind
outhowmuch
moneyIhave.10,
20,30,40

ASpecialthankyoutoRockinghamLakesP.SinW.Awhodevelopedthisbooklet

Using Basic Facts

RememberingBasicNumberFacts helpsustoworkwithnumbers
quickerandwithease.Differentpeoplerememberdifferentnumber
facts.Howmanynumberfactscanyouremember?

7!y!5!>!35!

41!!26!>!26!
23!.!3!>!21!

4!,!4!>!7!
2111!,!2111!>!3111!

6!y!5!>!31!

86.!36!>!61!

31!.!21!>!21!

39!!29!>!21!

21!,!2!>!22!
3!y!3!>!5!
:!,!6!>!25!
3!,!3!>!5!
61!,!61!>!211!

41!,!81!>!211!

25!,!7!>!31!

36!,!36!>!61! 91!,!31!>!211! 71!,!51!>!211!

2

Skip Counting
2468101214
1618

Letsskipcount
by2s!

Wecanskipcountlotsofthingslikeourpencils,
Lego, toys, counters

Countforwardsandbackwardsby2s

3! 5! 7! 9! 21! 23! 25! 27! 29! 31!33!

Countforwardsandbackwardsby5s

6!21!26!31!36!41!46!51!56!61!66!71!
76!81!86!91!96!:1!:6!211!216!221!
Countforwardsandbackwardsby10sstartingfrom
differentpoints

! 21!31!41!51!61!71!81!91!:1!211!!!
9!29!39!49!59!69!79!89!99!:9!219!!
Countforwardsandbackwardsby100s

211!311!411!511!611!711!811!911!!!
3

Counting On
Countonbyonesfromthebiggestnumberto
calculateanadditionnumbersentence.

45!,!:!>!54!
45!46!47!48!49!4:!51!52!53!54!
!

9!,!68!>!76!
68!69!6:!71!72!73!74!75!76!
!

78!,!24!>!91!
78!79!7:!81!82!83!84!85!86!87!88!89!8:!91!
!

9!,!8!>!26!
9!:!21!22!23!24!25!26!
Remembertolockthebiggestnumberinyourhead
andthencarefullycountalongthenumberlineand
stopatthesecondnumber.

26!!!!!!!!,!!!!!!!!!!7!
Countalongthe
numberline6
spacesandthen
stop

Keepthefirst
numberinyour
memory

!
26!27!28!29!2:!31!32!
4

Counting Back
Countbackbyonesfromthebiggestnumberto
calculateasubtractionnumbersentence.

34!!9!>!26!
34!33!32!31!2:!29!28!27!26!
!

68!!7!>!62!
68!67!66!65!64!63!62!!
!

79!!23!>!67!
79!78!77!76!75!74!73!72!71!6:!69!68!67!
!

232!!23!>!21:!
232!231!22:!229!228!227!226!225!224!223!222!221!21:!
Remembertolockthebiggestnumberinyourhead
andthencarefullycountbackalongthenumberline
andstopatthesecondnumber.

24!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!7!
Countbackalong
thenumberline6
spacesandthen
stop

Keepthefirst
numberinyour
memory

!
24!23!22!21!:!9!8!!
5

+ Addition +

Grouping of Place Value

Separatenumbersintothousands,hundreds,tens
andonesandthencalculatetheanswer

34!,!35!>!
!
31!,!4!,!31!,!5!>!
51!,!8!>!
58!
!

256!,!63!>!
!
211!,!51!,!6!,!61!,!3!>!
211!,!:1!,!8!>!
2:8!
!

239!,!256!>!
!
211!,!31!,!9!,!211!,!51!,!6!>!
311!,!71!,!24!>!
384!
!

Remembertoaddthehundreds,thetensandthe
onestogether.Dontforgetanyofthenumbers!
PlaceValuecanbeusedasamentalmathsstrategyby
itselfandwhenusingotherstrategieslikecountingon.
6

- Subtraction -

Grouping of Place Value

Separatenumbersintohundreds,tensandones
andthencalculatetheanswer.

56!!43!>!@! 51!!41!>!21! !!!21!,!4!>!!24!

! ! ! ! !6!.!3!!>!4!!
51!!6!!41!3!!
!

:7!.!54!>!@! :1!!51!>!61!!!61!,!4!>!!64!
! ! ! ! !7!.!4!!>!4!
:1!!7!!!51!4!
!
348!!223!>!@! 311211!>211!! !211,31,6!>!236!!
! ! ! ! !!!!41.!21!>31!
311!41!8!211!21!3! !8!.!3!>!6!
!!!!
!!! ! ! ! ! 2645!!2432!>!@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! 2111!611!41!5!2111!411!31!2!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!2111!.!2111!!>!!1!
! ! 611!.!411!!>!311! ! 311!,!21!,!4!>!324!
! ! !41!.!!31!!>!!21!
! ! !!5!.!!!2!!>!!4!!
!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
7

Ten-Frames
+ Addition +
Givesomefromonenumbertoanothertomake
easiernumberstoworkwith.

9!,!8!!jt!!21!,!6!!!!!!!!7!,!9!!jt!21!,!5!

Move2from7tothe8.
Thiswillmake10.

Move2fromthe6tothe8.
Thiswillmaketen

26!,!38!!!!isthesameas!!!31!,!33!>!53!

Move5fromthe27tomake20.Thenadd20and22together.
8

Doubling
Whenyoudoubleanumberyouaddittoitself.

Epvcmjoh! 2!
Epvcmjoh! 4!
Epvcmjoh! 6!
Epvcmjoh! 8!
Epvcmjoh! :!
Epvcmjoh! 22!

2!,!2!>!3! !
4!,!4!>!7! !
6!,!6!>!21!!
8!,!8!>!25!!
:!,!:!>!29! !
22!,!22!>!33!!

Epvcmjoh!3!
Epvcmjoh!5!
Epvcmjoh!7!
Epvcmjoh!9!
Epvcmjoh!21!
Epvcmjoh!23!

3!,!3!>!5!
5!,!5!>!9!
7!,!7!>!23!
9!,!9!>!27!
21!,!21!>!31!
23!,!23!>!35!

Halving
Whenyouhalveanumberyoubreakit
into2equalparts.
Ibmg!pg!3!! >!2!!! ! Ibmg!pg!5!! >!3!
Ibmg!pg!7!! >!4!!!!!!!Ibmg!pg!9!! >!5!!!!!
Ibmg!pg!21!! >!6!!!!! Ibmg!pg!23!! >!7!
Ibmg!pg!25!! >!8!!!!! Ibmg!pg!27!! >!9!!!
Ibmg!pg!29!! >!:!!!!!!!Ibmg!pg!31!!>!21!
Knowingthedoublesofnumbershelpsyoutohalve
themaswell.DoublingandHalvinghelpsusto
calculatemathsproblemsmorequicklybyusing
differentmentalmathsstrategiesliketenframes
andbridging
9

Use Counting On to Solve

Subtraction
WecansolvesubtractionnumbersentencesbyCounting
Oninsteadofcountingback.SometimesCountingOn
makesiteasiertosolveasubtractionproblem.

28!.!25!>!4!
Jotufbe!pg!Dpvoujoh!Cbdl!
28!27!26!25!24!23!22!21!:!9!8!7!6!5!4!
ju!jt!fbtjfs!boe!rvjdlfs!up!Dpvou!Po!
Tubsu!bu!25!boe!tupq!bu!28!
25!26!27!28!
36!.!27!>!:!
Jotufbe!pg!Dpvoujoh!Cbdl!
36!35!34!33!32!31!2:!29!28!27!26!25!24!23!22!21!:!!
Ju!jt!fbtjfs!boe!rvjdlfs!up!Dpvou!Po!
Tubsu!bu!27!boe!tupq!bu!36!
27!28!29!2:!31!32!33!34!35!36!
4:!.!34!>!27!
Jotufbe!pg!Dpvoujoh!Cbdl!
4:!49!48!47!46!45!44!43!42!41!3:!39!38!37!36!35!34!
33!32!31!2:!29!28!27!
Ju!jt!fbtjfs!boe!rvjdlfs!up!Dpvou!Po!
Tubsu!bu!34!boe!tupq!bu!4:!
34!35!36!37!38!39!3:!41!42!43!44!45!46!47!48!49!4:!
!
10

Number Lines
WithNumberlines,wecanmakejumps
tosolvenumberproblems.
23!!7!>!7!
!!

Usingthenumberline
wecanstartat12and
jumpback6numbers
togiveusan
answerof6

!!!!!

1!2!3!4!5!6!7!8!9!:!21!22!23!!
4!

6!

61!!9!>!53! 51!52!53!54!55!56!57!58!59!5:!61!
Wecanalsojumpby
biggernumberstomake
itquickertofindthe
answer

WecanuseNumberLineswithothermathsstrategies
suchastenframes

!)4*!!
!!!!34!,!46!>!!!jt!uif!tbnf!bt!!!31!,!49!
!

Givethe3from23tothe35tomake38andthenimaginea
numberlinebyaddingonthe20.

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!21!!!!!21!
49!!!!59!!!!!!!69!
!!!!)4*!
! !!57!,!24!>!!!!jt!uif!tbnf!bt!!!5:!,!21!
Givethe3from13to46tomake49andthenimagineanumber
linebyaddingonthe10

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!21!
5:!!!!!!!!!!!!!6:!
11

Number Combinations
NumberCombinationsworktogethertomake
mathsproblemseasier.Recognitionofnumber
combinationstotenmustbeautomatic
6!,!6!>!21!

8!,!4!>!21!

9!,!3!>!21! :!,!2!>!21!5!,!7!>!21!
!
2:!,!2!>!31! 24!,!8!>!31! 23!,!9!>!31! 22!,!:!>!31! 26!,!6>31!
!
36!,!36!>!61!!! 46!,!26!>!61! !!56!,!6!>!61! 31!,!41!>!61!
!

Bridging
Whenbridgingnumbersyouaddorsubtractfrom
thenumbersinaproblemtomakeiteasiertosolve.
Bridgingtomultiplesof10helpstomakemaths
problemseasiertosolve.
Bridgeto30
Take2from34andgive
it to 28

45!,!39!>!43!,!)39!,!3*!>!43!,!41!>!73!
Bridgeto40
Take3from55andgive
itto37

48!,!66!>!)4!,!48*!,!63!>!51!,!63!>!:3!
12

x Multiplication x
(Grouping)

Multiplyinginpartshelpsustoworkwithsmaller
numbers.Ithelpsustousebasicnumberfacts
(timestables)andnumbercombinationstosolve
multiplicationproblems.
43!y!7!>!!41!y!7!>!291!boe!3!y!7!>!23!!291!,!23!>!2:3!
!
!
6!y!74!>!!71!y!6!>!411!boe!4!y!6!>!26!411!,!26!>!426!
!
!
34!y!29>!!31!!y!21!>!311!boe!31!y!9!!>!271!311!,!271!>!471!
!!!!!!!!!!4!y!!21!>!41!boe!!4!y!9!!!>!35!41!,!35!!>!65!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!471!,!65!>!525

Multiplyingmeanswecanalsohalveanddouble
numberstomakeiteasier.
35!y!7! !!ibmg!pg!35!jt!23!!!23!y!7!>!83! 83!,!83!>!255!
!

29!y!8!!!!ibmg!pg!!29!jt!:! !!:!y!8!>!74!

74!,!74!>!237!

25!y!9!!!!ibmg!pg!25!jt!8! !!8!y!9!>!67!

67!,!67!>!223!

27!y!6!!!!ibmg!pg!27!jt!9! !!9!y!6!>!51!

51!,!51!>!91!

13

 Division
(Sharing)

Immediaterecallofmultiplicationfacts(timestables)is
essentialtosolvedivisionalgorithms.

!
23!!4!>!5!
Weneedtofindouthowmanyitemsareineachgroupsowe
make3groupsandequallysharethe12items.

21!!3!>!6!
Weneed2groupsand
Equallysharethe10items

!
!
!
29!!7!>!4!
Weneed6groupsand
equallysharethe18items

14

Number Families
Knowingtherelationshipbetweenadditionand
subtraction,divisionandmultiplication,helpsusto
workwithnumberswhenwesolvenumberstories
andnumbersentences.

24!,!8!>!31!!!8!,!24!>!31! 31!!8!>!24!!!31!!24!>!8
!
6!y!4!>!26! !!4!y!6!>!26!! 26!!4!>!6! !!26!!6!>!4!
NumberFamilieshelpustosolvehiddennumberproblems

39!.!!!!>!5!isthesameas!39! 5!>!!
!
!!,!67!>!232!isthesameas!232! 67!>!!
!
2:!>!6!isthesameas!2:!,!6!>!
!
:!y!!!!>!74!isthesameas!74!!:!>!
!
!!!!6!>!5!isthesameas!5!y!6!>!
Wecanworkouthiddennumbersbyusingthe
relationshipsbetweennumberoperations(+x).
15

Combination of Numbers
Numbersaremadeupofpartstomakeawhole.Knowingthe
differentpartsofnumbershelpsustouseothermental
mathsstrategieslikePlaceValue,NumberFamiliesand
Bridging.Itishelpfultoknowthecombinationsfornumbers
5,10,20,50and100.
:!,!2!>!21!
9!,!3!>21!

4!,!8!>!21!

21!
8!,!4!>!21!

10ismadeupof
differentparts

7!,!5!>!21!

5!,!7!>!21!

6!,!6!>!21!

5!,!2!>!6!

4!,!3!>!6!

6!
5ismadeupof
differentparts

2!,!5!>!6!
16

3!,!4!>!6!

Hidden Number Stories

Readthenumberstorycarefully.Highlighttheimportantmathswords.
Writeoutthenumbersentenceusingthehighlightedwordstohelpyou
Solvethehiddennumberbyaddingorsubtractingwiththenumbersyouknow.
NumberStory
NumberSentence
!
MissMurrayhadsomefishinherfishtank.She
22!
wentshoppingandbought7morefishandnow
!!!!!!!,!8!>!29!
shehas18.HowmanyfishdidMissMurrayhaveto
beginwith?

CalculatorNumberSentence

29! 8!>!22!

MissLeehad17 pencils.Shegave some pencilsout

tothechildrenandnowsheonlyhas12left.How
manypencilsdidMissLeegiveouttothechildren?

!
6!
!!28!.!!!!!!>!23
!

!
28!!23!>!6!

Samboughtsomelolliesfromshop.Shehad3 bags
with4lolliesineachbag.HowmanylolliesdidSam
havealltogether?
MrsJoneshad12 glitterpens.Shedecidedtoshare
thembetween3students.Howmanypensdid
eachstudentget?

!!!!!!!
23!
!!!4!y!5!!!>!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!!
5!
!!23!!!4!>

17

!
23!!4!>!5!
!
!!!5!y!4!>!23!

Website
Go to
Lake Munmorah Public School website
www.lakemunmor-p.schools.nsw.edu.au/

Click on KLAs
Click on Maths
Here you will find many interesting and fun activities for your children.

Games
If you need help working Maths into any of these games contact the
school and we will give you some ideas.

Snakes and Ladders

Cards
Trouble
Headache
Connect 4
Tick-tack toe
Battleship
Any dice game . You can always change the numbers on your dice
or purchase ones with many numbers already on them.
First to 20 toss a dice and continue add the number you toss on
your next turn. (Make larger numbers for older children)

18

GLOSSARY
Other words for:

Addition plus

Eg: 3 plus 2 equals 5

add on
count on
and
sum of

3 add on 2 equals 5
3 count on 2 equals 5
3 and 2 equals 5
The sum of 3 and 2 is 5

Subtraction take away

minus
subtract
less than
difference between

Multiplication lots of

Division

Eg: 8 take away 5 equals 3

8 minus 5 equals 3
8 subtract 5 equals 3
5 less than 8 is 3
The difference between
8 and 5 is 3

Eg: 3 lots of 5 equals 15

groups of
times
multiplied by
product of

quotient of

3 groups of 5 equals 15
3 times 5 equals 15
3 multiplied by 5 is 15
The product of 3 and 5
is 15
Eg: The quotient of 15 and 5

is 3
15 divided by 5 is 3 is 5
15 shared equally
between 3 is 5
How many groups of 5 in
15 ? Answer 3

divided by
shared equally
how many groups of

19

NOTES

20