BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Loading Arrangement on beam

1. Load from One way Slab
-

Ly/Lx > 2

Beam with one way slab will support half of the load from slab.

Load on beam,
AB = CD

w = nLx/2 kN/m
Ly

AC = BD

w=0
Lx

n = uniformly distributed load from slab (kN/m2)

2. Load from Two way Slab

-

Ly/Lx 2

Two methods can be used to calculate the load from two way slab to beam which is Estimation Method
and Shear Force Coefficient from Table 3.15 BS 8110.

(i) Estimation Method

A

Load on beam,
AC = BD

w = nLx/3 (kN/m)
Lx

AB = CD

(kN/m)
Ly

(ii) Shear Force Coefficient from Table 3.15: BS 8110

Load on beam may be calculated from the following equations;
Shear Force at Long Span, Ly

Vsx

vx.n.lx (kN/m)

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Shear Force at Short Span, Lx

Where;

vx, vy =
n
=
lx
=

Vsy

vy.n.lx (kN/m)

shear force coefficient from Table 3.15.

design load (kN/m2)
short span (m)

There are 9 cases of slab edge continuity that may be exist for shear force coefficient as shown in
figure below.

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

EXERCISE 2.2
Figure 2.2 shows the plan view of first floor office building. If the slab thickness is 150 mm for all slab.
Calculate the dead and imposed load of beam C/1-3. Use beam size 200 mm x 450 mm.

S1

S2

Brickwall 3m height

Solution:
Load on Slab
Slab Self-weight = 0.150 x 24 = 3.6 kN/m2
Slab S1
Dead load, Gk
Imposed load, Qk

= 3.6 kN/m2
= 2.0 kN/m2

Slab S2
Dead Load, Gk
Imposed Load, Qk

= 3.6 kN/m2
= 2.5 kN/m2

Load distribution from slab

Slab 1
Ly/Lx = 3500/2850 = 1.23 < 2.0 : Two way slab
Slab Case 8: Three edges discontinuous (one short edge discontinuos), vx = 0.37
Vsx = vx. n. Lx
Gk = 0.37 x 3.6 x 2.85 = 3.8 kN/m
Qk = 0.37 x 2.0 x 2.85 = 2.1 kN/m
Slab 2
Ly/Lx = 5000/2850 = 1.75 < 2.0 : Two way slab
Slab Case 8: Three edges discontinuous (one short edge discontinuos), vx = 0.45
Vsx = vx. n. Lx
Gk = 0.45 x 3.6 x 2.85 = 4.6 kN/m
Qk = 0.45 x 2.5 x 2.85 = 3.2 kN/m

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Load on Beam C/1-3

Span 1-2
Gk:
From Slab S1 = 3.8 kN/m
Qk:
Brickwall
= 2.6 x 3.0 = 7.8 kN/m
Beam s/weight = 24 x (0.2 x (0.45-0.15)) = 1.44 kN/m
Total dead load, Gk

= 13.04 kN/m

Qk:

= 13.84 kN/m

From Slab S2

= 3.2 kN/m

Total imposed load, Qk = 3.2 kN/m

Gk = 13.04 kN/m
Gk = 13.84 kN/m
Qk = 2.1 kN/m
Qk = 3.2 kN/m
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
3.85 m
1

= 2.1 kN/m

Total imposed load, Qk = 2.1 kN/m

Span 2-3
Gk:
From Slab S2 = 4.6 kN/m
Brickwall
= 7.8 kN/m
Beam s/weight = 1.44 kN/m
Total dead load, Gk

From Slab S1

5m
2

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

EXERCISE 2.3
Figure below shows the first floor layout plan of office building. If all beams size are 200 x 500 mm,
determine the following;

Characteristic dead and imposed load act on the beam C/1-4 if all slab thickness are 150 mm
and the brickwall heights is 3m.
Shear force and bending moment envelope of beam C/1-4.
A
6m
B
S1

3m

S2

C
6m

S3

S4

S5

6m

7.5 m

6m

Solution:
Load on Slab
Slab Self-weight = 0.150 x 24 = 3.6 kN/m2
Slab S1, S2, S3, S4 & S5
Dead load, Gk
Imposed load, Qk

= 3.6 kN/m2
= 2.5 kN/m2

Load distribution from slab

Slab S1
Ly/Lx = 7500/3000 = 2.5 > 2.0 : One way slab
w = n. Lx/2
Gk = 3.6(3.0)/2 = 5.4 kN/m
Qk = 2.5(3.0)/2 = 3.75 kN/m
Slab S2
Ly/Lx = 6000/3000 = 2.0 2.0 : Two way slab
Slab Case 2: One short edge discontinuos, vx = 0.52
Vsx = vx. n. Lx
Gk = 0.52 x 3.6 x 3.0 = 5.6 kN/m
Qk = 0.52 x 2.5 x 3.0 = 3.9 kN/m
5

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Slab S3
Ly/Lx = 6000/6000 = 1.0 < 2.0 : Two way slab
Slab Case 7: Three edges discontinuous (One long edge continuous) , vy = 0.29
Vsy= vy. n. Lx
Gk = 0.29 x 3.6 x 6.0 = 6.3 kN/m
Qk = 0.29 x 2.5 x 6.0 = 4.4 kN/m
Slab S4
Ly/Lx = 7500/6000 = 1.25 < 2.0 : Two way slab
Slab Case 2: One long edge discontinuos, vx = 0.46
Vsx = vx. n. Lx
Gk = 0.43 x 3.6 x 6.0 = 9.3 kN/m
Qk = 0.43 x 2.5 x 6.0 = 6.5 kN/m
Slab S5
Ly/Lx = 6000/6000 = 1.0 < 2.0 : Two way slab
Slab Case 4: Two adjacent edges discontinuos, vx = 0.40
Vsx = vx. n. Lx
Gk = 0.40 x 3.6 x 6.0 = 8.6 kN/m
Qk = 0.40 x 2.5 x 6.0 = 6.0 kN/m
Load on Beam C/1-4
Span 1-2
Gk:
From Slab S3 = 6.3 kN/m
Qk:
Brickwall
= 2.6 x 3.0 = 7.8 kN/m
Beam s/weight = (24)(0.20)(0.50-0.150) = 1.68 kN/m

From Slab S3

= 4.4 kN/m

Total dead load, Gk

= 15.78 kN/m

Total Imposed load, Qk = 4.4 kN/m

Span 2-3
Gk:
From Slab S1
From Slab S4
Brickwall
Beam s/weight

=
=
=
=

Qk:

Total dead load, Gk

= 24.18 kN/m

Total Imposed load, Qk = 10.25 kN/m

Span 3-4
Gk:
From Slab S2
From Slab S5
Brickwall
Beam s/weight

=
=
=
=

Qk:
,m

Total dead load, Gk

= 23.68 kN/m

5.4 kN/m
9.3 kN/m
7.8 kN/m
1.68 kN/m

5.6 kN/m
8.6 kN/m
7.8 kN/m
1.68 kN/m

From Slab S1
From Slab S4

From Slab S2
From Slab S5

= 3.9 kN/m
= 6.0 kN/m

Total Imposed load, Qk = 9.9 kN/m

Gk = 15.78 kN/m
Gk = 24.18 kN/m
Gk = 23.68 kN/m
Qk = 4.4 kN/m
Qk = 10.25 kN/m
Qk = 9.9 kN/m
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
6m

= 3.75 kN/m
= 6.5 kN/m

7.5 m

6m
3

2
6

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Critical Load arrangement on beam

(i)

Load Case 1 : All span loaded with maximum load 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk
29.13 kN/m

50.3 kN/m

59 kN/m

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
6m

6m
3

(ii)

7.5 m

Load Case 2 : Alternate span loaded with maximum load 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk and minimum load 1.0Gk
29.13 kN/m

24.18 kN/m

59 kN/m

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
6m

6m
3

(iii)

7.5 m

Load Case 3 : Alternate span loaded with minimum load 1.0Gk and maximum load 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk

15.78 kN/m

50.13 kN/m

23.68 kN/m

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
6m
1

7.5 m

6m
3

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

EXERCISE 2.4
Design the ultimate bending moments and shear forces for beam 2/A-D by using Table 3.5 BS 8110. The
loading criteria are given as follows:
Slab thickness
Finishing, partition etc.
Characteristic Imposed load
Beam size

= 125 mm
= 2.95 kN/m2
= 3.00 kN/m2
= 250 x 450 mm

Solution:
Load on slab
Slab Self-weight
Finishing, partition etc.

= 0.125 x 24 = 3.kN/m2
= 2.95 kN/m2

Total dead Load, Gk

Total Imposed load, Qk

= 5.95 kN/m2
= 3.00 kN/m2

Load on Beam 2/A-D

Gk:
From Slab
= 5.95(3.0/2)(2) = 17.85kN/m
Beam s/weight = (24)(0.25)(0.45-0.125) = 1.95 kN/m
Total dead load, Gk

= 19.8 kN/m

Qk:

= 3.0(3.0/2)(2) = 9.00 kN/m

From Slab

Total Imposed load, Qk = 9.00 kN/m

Term and condition

Characteristic Imposed load, Qk < Characteristic Dead load, Gk

Uniform distributed load all over 3 span

Equal beam span

Therefore moment and shear force can be calculate using coefficient from table 3.5, BS 8110.
8

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Table 3.5 Design ultimate bending moments and shear forces

At outer
Near middle of At first interior
support
end span
support
Moment
0
0.09 Fl
0.11 Fl
Shear
0.45 F
0.6 F

At middle of
interior spans
0.07 Fl
-

l - the effective span

F total design ultimate load (1.4Gk + 1.6Qk)
Total design load, w

F =

wL =

=
=
=

1.4Gk + 1.6Qk
1.4(19.8) + 1.6(9)
42.12 kN/m

42.12(8) = 336.96 kN
42.12 kN/m
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
8m

8m

8m

0.45F = 151.6 kN

0.6F = 202.8 kN

0.55F = 185.3 kN

SFD
0.6F = 202.8 kN

0.11FL = 296.5 kNm

0.55F = 185.3 kN

0.45F = 151.6 kN

0.11FL = 296.5 kNm

BMD

0.09FL = 246.2 kNm

0.07FL = 188.7 kNm

0.09FL = 246.2 kNm

At interior
support
-0.08 Fl
0.55F

BFC 3142 CHAPTER 2

Moment distribution methods

42.12 kN/m

8m

8m

8m

Fixed end moment:

MAB = MBC = MCD =

wL2
42.12 x82
=
= 224.64kNm
12
12

3EI
3
=
L
8
4 EI
4
=
KBC = KCB =
L
8
Distribution factor:
BA : BC = CD : CB
Stiffness :

KBA = KBC =

3 4
:
8 8 = 0.43 : 0.57
3 4
+
8 8

-224.64
224.64

0.00

0.43
224.64
0.00
112.32
-48.3
0.00
-13.76
0.00
-3.92
0.00
-1.12
0.00
-0.32
0.00
-0.09
0.00
-0.03
269.42

0.57
-224.64
0.00
0.00
-64.24
32.01
-18.25
9.12
-5.2
2.6
-1.48
0.74
-0.42
0.21
-0.12
0.06
-0.03
-269.42

0.57
2224.64
0.00
0.00
64.02
-32.01
18.25
-9.12
5.2
-2.6
1.48
-0.74
0.42
-0.21
0.12
-0.06
0.03
269.42

10

0.43
-224.64
0.00
-112.32
48.3
0.00
13.76
0.00
3.92
0.00
1.12
0.00
0.32
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.03
-269.42

224.64
-224.64

0.00