Tuesday 4/3

Unit 5: Diversity

Objective: To better understand the 8 stages of genocide through the example of the Holocaust. Bell Work: Take out your vocabulary sheets for me to check and for us to go over.

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How is the Holocaust a Genocide?

Holocaust background
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The Holocaust did not just involve persecuting the Jewish people of Europe 12 million people were killed during Its duration The Nazi Holocaust also targeted:
Political Opponents, Communists, the Mentally and Physically Disabled, Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, and Many Other Groups

1. Classification
People are divided into "us and them".

Unit 5: Diversity

Identify the target-Political Opposition

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The First Victims of the Holocaust Were Those Who Opposed/or Could Oppose the Nazi Party
Political Opponents Church Officials

Why?
Remove Those Opposed to the Ideas/Plans of the Nazi Party and Could Hinder or Inhibit the Nazi Vision of Germany from happening

Identify the target- Mentally & Physically Disabled

Unit 5: Diversity
A second group the Nazis targeted were those with mental/physical disabilities To rid the Aryan race of these people, the Nazis tried the following
1930s
Isolated children by sending them to Care Facilities

1939
Experimentation in Genocide where Nazis perfected methods of Genocide

Identify the target- Jews

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Another group targeted, and the group most identify with the Holocaust were the Jews Nazis ban Jews from military. Nuremberg race laws against Jews decreed.

2. Symbolization
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When combined with hatred, symbols may be forced upon unwilling members

Symbolization
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Arm Bands:
Worn over sleeve of jacket

Yellow Star:
Had to be worn on clothes

Tattoos
In camps, Jews were identified with numbers tattooed on their arm

3. Dehumanization
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One group denies the humanity of the other group. Members of it are equated with animals, vermin, insects or diseases.

4. Organization
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Genocide is always organized... Special army units or militias are often trained and armed
Gestapo: secret police SS: militia branch of the Nazi Party,

Gestapo & SS
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Gestapo
1933 created Directed by Himmler in 1934 Sought to get rid of Nazi opposition 1935 established concentration camps for incarcerated 1939 followed army as death squad to kill Jews

SS
Had to prove Aryan ancestry of 150 yrs; 511 or taller; good physical condition Under Himmler 19291945 grew from crowd control to most powerful militia group in Ger. Ran concentration camps/death camps

5. Polarization
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Hate groups broadcast polarizing propaganda New laws that promote segregation

Nuremburg Laws
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Laws instituted September 1935

1. Excluded Jews from Reich citizenship 2. Prohibited Jews from marrying anyone of German decent 3. Identified Jews as anyone with Jewish grandparents

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6. Preparation
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Victims are identified and separated out because of their ethnic or religious identity

Life in the Ghettos

Ghettos
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Jewish Ghettos were established by the Nazis

a. Mostly in Eastern Europe, namely Poland b. Neighborhoods where only Jews could live; poor areas; supervised/guarded with limited resources c. Overcrowded; epidemics and starvation

Why Ghettos?
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Separate the Jewish population from the non-Jews

Built walls and had guards around ghettos No one could come in or out

Dehumanize the Jews

Take away human rights and sense of a normal life: curfews, job restrictions, access to food

Life Goes On
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Not knowing what was to become of them, Jewish people continued to try and live a normal life
Tended to the sick, elderly, and very young Taught the children history, literature, etc Tried to preserve their faith through prayer services

Building a wall around a Jewish Ghetto

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Men in Jewish Ghetto (notice the yellow stars)

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Dachau
First Concentration Camp Opened 1933 Housed Mainly Political Prisoners Dachau Served as the Model for Concentration Camp Organization

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7. Extermination
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It is "extermination" to the killers because they do not believe their victims to be fully human.

Concentration vs. Death Camps

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Labor in Camps Helped the War Effort Nazis Had Work Narrowed Down to a Science Death Camps Young Men, Old Men, & Women Those Who Could Not Work Showers of Knew How Long Zyklon-B an Individual Could Work Before Crematories
Body Breakdown

The Final Solution

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Ghettos were NOT permanent settlements for Jews

holding station

1942, Jews in ghettos began to be resettled

Others quickly discovered this meant being transferred to a death camp or immediately to death Some strong Jews moved to labor camps for a while before being exterminated

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The Fuhrer has ordered the Final Solution of the Jewish question. We, the SS, have to carry out this order
The Final Solution was to kill the Jews

Locations of Death and Concentration Camps

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Auschwitz

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Majdanek

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Belzec

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Chelmno

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Treblinka

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Liquidation

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The Boxcar Ride

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The Boxcar Ride

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Arrival at Camp

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Reception

Sorting the Inmates

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Sorting the Inmates

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8. Denial
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The perpetrators deny that they committed any crimes

The Nuremberg Trials
Nazi officials put on trial for their wrongdoings

The Aftermath of the Holocaust

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Could This Happen Again?

Bosnia, Kosovo, Rwanda, Sudan

Poem
take out a piece of paper

First they came for the Jews And I did not speak out Because I was not a Jew. Then they came for the communists And I did not speak out Because I was not a communist. Then they came for the trade unionists And I did not speak out Because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for me And there was no one left To speak out for me. ~Pastor Niemoeller

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1. What is the main idea and meaning of the poem? 2. Why do you think some people in the area do not fight against a genocide that is going on around them?

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