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The incentive of writing about health software comes from the recent
experience of developing a project of critical software based on health back-
office data. The main intent of this paper is to examine vectors of influence of
biopower within the deployment of health data in the machine of health
software. The study case chosen for this endeavour is the software culture and
the databasing of human health specific to British Primary Care Trusts (PCTs)
where the model of biopolitics brings together the government, multinational
corporations and the population.
Although historically speaking the term biopolitics (with its synonym biopower)
was originally coined by the Swede Rudolf Kjellen *[in 1916 in his book The
State as Form of Life] Michel Foucault imbued the concept a true philosophical
weight. He places biopower on the third place of his enumerations of models of
power: sovereign power, disciplinary power and biopower. The object of power
is different to each of these power formations. The first is the life of the
individual who can be let to live or make dead on the discretion of the
sovereign. The second Foucauldian power focuses on the individual body itself
to discipline and optimize its actions for which designated spaces of enclosures
are created. This mutates later into the third model of power, the bio~, which
takes over population to manipulate it in a reverse way to sovereign power:
make live (species life is at stake) or let die. Techniques and regulations are
issued not only to produce ‘a docile peace within civil societies’ *[`Foucault on
War ...`] and manage life but also to engage and experience with it.
*[machineculture – biopolitics, for now] Along these very lines this dissertation
aims, as previously mentioned, to find such ways in which biopolitics is
problematized within the formal qualities and porousness of health care
software.
All the elements included in the above articulation of the theoretical concept of
biopower justify the study of PCT health software as the conceptual machine
which, with its binary logic constitution, infolds normalization and control over
population. This analysis is structured in three chapters, each of them allowing
the attention to be focused on different parts of what health related software
entails. The first section focuses on the back-office health data which,
according to Thacker, undergoes meaningful processes of coding, recoding and
decoding as well as normalizations, dispersions and convergences. The second
chapter examines the technologies, techniques and conduits related to
biopolitics within the modus operandi of PCTs back-end software, and finally the
third section accounts for tactical and artistic expressions of genomics and
biopower. The aim is to identify bases on which the biopolitics inscribed in
binary data processes renders the machine of health software more
transforming and transformative.