Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art Montemayor
November 24, 1997

Rev: 0
Valve Resistance to Flow
DURCO VALVES
Durco SLEEVELINE non-lubricated plug valves are used as block valves and
as 3-way directional valves. One style of the straightway model, V-PORT, has
a triangular-shaped port that offers better control valve characteristics. The
sleeve used is made of PTFE for positive shut-off, self-lubrication and
extended service life.
Another model is the T-LINE, which has the plug and all other wetted internal
parts sleeved with PTFE as well as the plug proper itself.
The Chemical service butterfly control valve is 100% PTFE-sleeved on all
internal wetted parts.
Standard SLEEVELINE model

Valve size, in Max. Cv
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
24.0
48.8
83.5
153.4
322
555
955
1410
2130
0.375403
0.649127
0.607865
0.698411
0.743005
1.270386
1.841871
1.970508
V-Port SLEEVELINE model

1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
4.0
6.0
27.2
31.3
53.8
121.0
190.0
400.0
1.208369
4.619701
4.941889
4.945974
6.339723
7.2414
Standard T-LINE model

0.5
0.8
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
5.6
12.0
33.9
95.4
199.0
343.0
813.0
1105.0
1424.0
V-Port T-LINE model

K
1.781728
1.964355
0.777926
0.497286
0.361203
0.615509
0.346255
0.948895
1.805833
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
3430 2.919184
7000 1.195698
Page 1 of 42
23.3
39.6
43.8
66.3
BIG MAX Butterfly model

K
1.646742
2.886105
7.456058
16.47386
3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
24.0
210.0
415.0
1115.0
2020.0
3230.0
4825.0
6800.0
8800.0
11500.0
14000.0
20500.0
1.642041
1.328866
0.93195
0.897418
0.856905
0.796284
0.742731
0.756575
0.70963
0.729796
0.705789
CHEMICAL Service Butterfly model

3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
24.0
172
300
670
1190
1830
2650
3690
4842
6129
7566
10895
2.447742
2.542933
2.581029
2.585851
2.669533
2.639798
2.522301
2.499009
2.498321
2.498762
2.49878
Electronic FileName: 193968869.xls.ms_office

WorkSheet: Durco Valves
Art Montemayor
Jamesbury Valves
November 22, 1997
JAMESBURY Valves ---- Cv values

This valve flow resistance data is taken from the Jamesbury
Valve Catalog.
MODEL
0.25
0.375
0.5
0.75
1.25
1.5
SIZE, in inches
3
4
CLINCHER, Type 2000; screwed
11
16
16
37
49
49
100
115
Style A DOUBLE-SEAL; screwed
8.3
8.3
8.3
14
35
55
94
115
13
0.13
33
0.19
44
0.24
46
0.27
95
0.31
111
19
45
125
165
Series 4000, REDUCED PORT

Series 4000, FULL PORT; Le in ft
Type 5150 & 530S; flanged
Floating Ball; flanged
Trunnion model; flanged
Typr 6150 & 6300; Full Port
Floating Ball; Full Port
Trunnion Model; Full Port
3-Way Flanged Ball Valve
FIRE-TITE Butterfly
Series F815W & F815L
Series F830W & F830L
100
10
12
14
16
18
20
3900
3900
6700
5100
8100 11000 16000
350
350
690
765
50
1890
1890
270
500
1330
2560
50
155
270
440
880
1500
2300
165
165
400
400
950
950
1800
1800
2900
2900
4300
4300
Page 2 of 42
5600 10000
10000 16400 23800 27000 37000 47000 60000
5800
5200
8000 10500 14000

6900 9300 11300
Electronic File: 193968869.xls.ms_office

WorkSheet: Jamesbury Valves
Art Montemayor
Jamesbury Valves
Page 3 of 42
November 22, 1997

WorkSheet: Jamesbury Valves
Art Montemayor
November 24, 1997

Rev: 0
Valve Flow Resistance
ORBIT Valves --- Cv values

Source: Orbit Valve Catalog
For each Orbit valve there is a flow coefficient Cv. This is defined as the flow in gallons per minute of water at 60 oF with a
pressure drop of 1 psi across the valve. By using the following simplified formulas, the pressure drop for a given set of flow
conditions may be calculated:
Dp = G(Q/Cv)2
FOR LIQUIDS:
Where, Dp = PSI drop across valve

G = Specific gravity of liquid (water=1)
Q = Flow in gpm
Cv = Valve coefficient
MODEL
1.5
Dp = 541 x 10-9 (Q/Cv)2(GT/P)
FOR GASES:
Dp = PSI drop across valve

G = Specific gravity (Air @ 14.7 psi & 60 oF = 1.0)
T = Absolute temperature, oR
P = Line pressure, psia
Q = Flow in SCFH (@ 14.7 psi & 60 oF)
Cv = Valve coefficient
SIZE, in inches
8
10
12
14
16
18
ANSI 150
Regular Port; flanged
Full Port; flanged
123
153
439
200
1018
572
2080
762
4865
2090
6905
4537
11106
7513
17148
13119
30556
10129
41551
21217
49
ANSI 300
Full Port; flanged
123
160
407
243
920
610
2080
760
4865
1560
6778
4513
11106
7513
17148
13119
30556
10129
41551
21217
49
505
1359
921
2951
2081
7301
3986
11603
5912
17030
11185
267
205
676
ANSI 1500
Full Port; flanged
31
Page 4 of 42

WorkSheet: Orbit Valves
Art Montemayor
November 24, 1997

Rev: 0
20
15167
15167
Page 5 of 42

WorkSheet: Orbit Valves
Valve Fittings
Resistance to Flow
Art Montemayor
November 24, 1997

Rev: 0
VOGT Valves --- Cv values (Reference: VOGT Catalog F-12, 1980)
PIPE FITTINGS
45 Elbow
Standard Elbow
Long Sweep Elbow
Medium Sweep Elbow
Close Return Elbow
Tee-Straight Flow
Tee-Side Outlet Flow
o
5.9
10.3
16.7
28.9
39.2
64.7
1.5
2.4
4.5
1.5
2.4
4.5
9.7
14.6
12.2
19.6
Strainers
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.5
2.3
5.2
8.2
8.2
15443 Flow
Control
40.0
65.0
7.6
13.4
21.7
37.5
51.1
84.2
1.0
2.1
2.7
5.2
8.7
12443 Flow
Control
9.0
8.8
16.0
1.8
3.3
5.2
9.1
14.7
25.5
34.7
57.1
81.5
Needle Point
Angle
1.5
2.9
3.6
6.7
11.9
20.3
26.1
43.4
57.6
89.0
153.3
Meter Angle
1.3
1.9
2.7
3.2
6.7
14.8
19.2
26.6
Full Port
Angle
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.5
3.5
5.5
5.5
H. & V.
Check
0.6
1.4
1.8
3.5
5.8
7.6
13.2
21.5
Full Port
Swing Check
1.5
2.9
3.6
6.7
11.9
20.3
26.1
43.4
57.6
89.0
153.3
Compact
Swing Check
1.3
2.0
2.8
3.2
6.8
15.2
19.6
27.0
Full Port
check
Full Port
Globe
2.6
3.9
9.3
28.7
46.5
80.5
109.6
181.0
258.0
398.0
685.0
Compact
Check
Compact
Globe
2.6
3.9
9.3
9.5
7.5
80.5
83.6
96.7
165.0
247.0
410.0
Needle Point
Globe
Full Port
Gate
0.250
0.375
0.500
0.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
4.000
Meter Globe
Valve Size
inches
Compact
Gate
TYPICAL CV FACTORS FOR VOGT VALVES & STRAINERS

(FOR ALL VALVES IN FULL-OPEN POSITION)
2.5
4.0
6.5
14.0
23.0
32.0
52.0
K
0.42
0.90
0.60
0.75
2.20
0.60
1.80
TYPICAL PIPE-TANK RESISTANCES
Page 6 of 42

WorkSheet: Vogt Valves
Valve Fittings
Resistance to Flow
Art Montemayor
Entrance Loss: From Tank to Pipe

Type of Resistance
Illustration
November 24, 1997

Rev: 0
Flush Connection
0.50
Projecting Pipe
0.78
Slightly Rounded
0.23
Well Rounded
0.04
Exit Loss: From Pipe to Tank
Any of the above, reversed
1.00
d2
d1
d1/d2
K
0.1
0.46
SUDDEN ("ABRUPT") CONTRACTION

0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.45
0.42
0.4
0.36
0.28
0.19
d1/d2
K
0.1
0.98
0.2
0.92
0.8
0.1
0.9
0.04
SUDDEN ("ABRUPT") EXPANSION

0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.83
0.71
0.56
0.41
0.8
0.13
0.9
0.04
0.7
0.28
d1
d2
Page 7 of 42

Valve Fittings
Resistance to Flow
November 24, 1997

Rev: 0
Y" Pattern
Art Montemayor
6.0
14.0
14.0
40.0
40.0
Page 8 of 42

Art Montemayor
Valve Fittings
Resistance to Flow
Page 9 of 42
November 24, 1997

Rev: 0

Art Montemayor
December 1, 1997
Rev: 0
Ball Valve Flow Resistance
KTM Ball Valves --- Cv values

TYPICAL CV FACTORS FOR KTM BALL VALVES
Reduced Percent Reduction in
Valve Size Full Bore
Bore Ball Flow by using reduced
inches
Ball Cv
Cv
bore
26
50
94
260
480
750
1300
2300
5400
10000
16000
24000
31400
43000
57000
73000
KTM Ball Valves Cv Values

10
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
80
y = 0.0002x3 - 0.0178x2 + 0.7166x - 4.3459

R = 0.9993
70
420
770
1800
2500
4500
8000
12000
14000
18000
22000
67.69
66.52
66.67
75.00
71.88
66.67
61.78
67.44
68.42
69.86
KTM Ball Valves have inherent equal percentage flow

characteristics and are ideally suited for control
applications over the widest possible range of flow.
60
% of Maximum Cv
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
50
1.5
6
10
15
22
33
50
75
40
30
20
10
0
0
20
Equal percentage flow characteristics, in simple terms,

means that a given percentage change in the valve
opening will produce the same percentage change in
flow.
40
60
80
100
% of Ball Opening
Page 10 of 42

WorkSheet: KTM Ball Valves
Art Montemayor
Ball Valve Flow Resistance
Page 11 of 42
December 1, 1997
Rev: 0

WorkSheet: KTM Ball Valves
Art Montemayor
December 3, 1997
Rev: 0
KITZ Valves --- Cv values
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
36
230
530
930
2,380
4,180
6,840
9,690
13,000
17,380
22,800
28,500
41,800
68,000
96,000
44
105
180
446
75
175
320
740
1,350
2,200
3,600
5,200
7,000
8,500
9,800
11,600
2
500
180
1,350
545
2,500
790
5,300
1,945 10,500
4,050 17,500
6,900 26,300
13,100 31,850
14,600 43,300
19,750 57,300
27,750 74,500
27,100 112,300
39,700 179,300
63,100 258,300
460
195
1,150
535
2,200
765
5,290
1,945
9,600
4,040 16,750
7,100 25,500
13,200 30,050
14,580 41,700
19,800 55,370
28,050 72,300
27,130 109,150
39,800 171,200
63,100 243,050
400
180
1,050
550
1,850
745
4,460
2,220
8,730
4,065 14,250
7,050 22,550
13,350 28,400
14,300 38,150
20,350 50,950
28,300 65,600
27,250 98,150
40,750 158,900
68,950 226,300
187
510
740
2,035
4,050
7,025
13,300
14,200
19,750
27,300
26,900
330
935
1,760
4,405
8,475
14,205
21,430
26,800
36,700
48,700
62,500
94,050
187
510
740
1,930
3,860
6,670
12,630
13,490
18,760
20,470
25,500
330
830
1,660
4,100
8,010
13,310
17,070
24,275
33,215
43,400
55,930
84,025
150
410
590
1,400
3,050
5,350
Trunnion Ball Full Bore

ANSI CLASS 2500
Trunnion Ball Reduced

ANSI CLASS 2500
Bore

ANSI CLASS 1500

ANSI CLASS 1500
Bore

ANSI CLASS 900

ANSI CLASS 900
Bore

ANSI CLASS 600

ANSI CLASS 600
Bore

ANSI CLASS 300

ANSI CLASS 300
Bore
Globe

ANSI CLASS 150
Gate

ANSI CLASS 150
Bore
Valve
Size
inches
Swing Check
TYPICAL CV FACTORS FOR KITZ VALVES

From Zidell Valve Corp.-Stafford, TX & KITZ catalog No. 510-E
300
740
1,460
2,600
5,370
8,630
12,500
Cv VALUES FOR KITZ LOW-COST, ONE-PIECE, THREADED, CLASS 600, REDUCED BORE BALL VALVES ARE:
Size, in.
Cv
0.25
1.0
0.375
2.5
0.5
5.5
0.75
10.0
1
15.0
1.25
20.0
1.5
37.0
2
60.0
Page 12 of 42

WorkSheet: Kitz Valves
Art Montemayor
Feb 16, 1999

Rev: 0
Marlin/Crane Check Valves
Marlin Style M High Performance Dual Disc Check Valves

Source: Marlin Catalog # MC - 196
2
2.5
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
Marlin Check Valves
Liquid Cv Value
54.3
82.1
139.3
271.3
482.5
725
1509
2640
4075
5303
7340
9940
12960
20500
37200
59000
92000
126000
186000
217000
280000
325000
Note:
These are very low pressure drop,
wafer type of valves that require little
"cracking" pressure to start to open.
y = -0.022x4 + 3.146x3 - 58.707x2 +811.740x - 2073

R2 = 0.9989
350000
Cv Value for Liquid
Valve Size, In.
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
0
20
40
60
80
Nominal Valve Size, Inches
02/16/99 As per Carlos Davila, Marlin/Crane Valves; Montgomery, TX: The "Cracking Pressure" required for Marlin
Valves with standard springs is 6" WC and for valves with special, low torque it is 3.5" WC.
Page 13 of 42

WorkSheet: Marlin Check Valves
Velan Valves
Cv Flow Coefficients
Art Montemayor
July 27, 1998

Rev: 0
Sources of Flow Coefficient (Cv) values: Velan Catalogs #VEL-SFV-96 & #VEL-BV-97
Gate
Valve
Full
Gate
Valve
Globe Valves
Globe Valves
Globe Valves
Size
Port
Reduced Port
St'd Design
Bellows Seal
Y - Pattern
Inches
150-800 900-1500 150-1500 150-800 900-1500 150-800 1500-2500 1500-2680
4500
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/2
2
2-1/2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
7
14
30
100
160
14
14
30
100
160
14
22
34
110
200
3
4
6
14
33
3
4
8
19
29
2.5
3.5
6
12
28
5
7
9
34
38
7
8
12
25
60
Swing Check
Valves
150-800
4
7
9
23
47
Piston Check
Piston Check
Ball Valves
Ball Valves
Valves
Valves
Split Body
Top-Entry Body
(Inclined)
(Vertical)
SB-150/300/600
SB-150/300/600
600-2680
150-800 900-1500 Reduced Port Full Port Reduced Port Full Port
9
10
22
55
82
7
8
12
25
60
2
3
6
14
25
2
4
9
21
25
130
250
540
770
1900
3900
6700
5200
8050
12500
15500
27000
Page 14 of 42
12
50
100
250
430
720
1020
2000
5500
9800
16400
23800
27500
36000
46000
57000
75000
Ball Valves
Unibody
UB-150/300
Reduced Port Only
8
13.5
34
65
104
26
75
103
206
322
9
15
38
125
165
200
720
760
250
540

WorkSheet: Velan Valves
Fittings' Losses
FRICTION LOSS IN STANDARD VALVES AND FITTINGS
Table gives equivalent lengths in feet of straight pipe
Art Montemayor
TYPE OF FITTING
1/2"
Gate Valve, 100% open

Globe Valve, 100% open
Angle Valve, 100% open
Standard Elbow
Medium Sweep Elbow
Long Sweep Elbow
Tee (straight run)
Tee (branch run)
Return Bend
0.35
17.0
8.0
1.5
1.3
1.0
1.0
3.2
3.5
3/4"
0.5
22.0
12.0
2.2
1.8
1.3
1.3
4.5
5.0
1"
0.6
27.0
14.0
2.7
2.3
1.7
1.7
5.7
6.0
NOMINAL PIPE DIAMETER, INCHES

1-1/4" 1-1/2"
2"
2-1/2"
3"
4"
0.8
38.0
18.0
3.6
3.0
2.3
2.3
7.5
8.5
1.2
44.0
22.0
4.5
3.6
2.8
2.8
9.0
10.0
1.2
53.0
28.0
5.2
4.6
3.5
3.5
12.0
13.0
1.4
68.0
33.0
6.5
5.5
4.3
4.3
14.0
15.0
1.7
80.0
42.0
8.0
7.0
5.2
5.2
16.0
18.0
2.3
120.0
53.0
11.0
9.0
7.0
7.0
22.0
24.0
5"
2.8
140.0
70.0
14.0
12.0
9.0
9.0
27.0
30.0
December 1, 1997
REV 0
6"
3.5
170.0
84.0
16.0
14.0
11.0
11.0
33.0
37.0
8"
4.5
220.0
120.0
21.0
18.0
14.0
14.0
43.0
50.0
10"
5.7
280.0
140.0
26.0
22.0
17.0
17.0
53.0
63.0
Source of data: Viking Pump Catalog

Section 510 - Engineering Data
Page 510.12; Issue C; Figure 11
NOTE: It is unclear what is meant by "Standard", "Medium Sweep" & "Long Sweep" Elbows.
The pipe fitting industry supplies two basic Elbow geometries:
1) Short Radius Elbow: R/D = 1.0 (based on nominal, not specific, dimensions)
2) Long Radius Elbow: R/D = 1.5 (based on nominal, not specific, dimensions)
Where,
R = Radius of the Elbow curvature (nominal size)

D = Nominal diameter of the Elbow (nominal size)
Checking out other fittings' resistance data, it is established that

Standard Elbow = Short Radius Elbow
Long Sweep Elbow = Long Radius Elbow
Medium Sweep Elbow = ? unknown ?
Page 15 of 42

WorkSheet: Fittings' Losses
EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF VALVES AND FITTINGS IN FEET

Source: Rules of Thumb for Chem. Engrs; C.R. Branan; Gulf Publ.; p. 3
28
32
38
42
46
52
56
70
84
98
112
126
190
Page 16 of 42
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
51
60
69
81
90
99
20
22
24
28
32
34
36
44
52
64
72
80
92
5
7
8
10
12
18
25
31
37
42
47
53
60
65
70
3
4
5
6
8
12
16
20
24
26
30
35
38
42
46
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
4
5
6
8
10
14
19
24
28
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
7
8
3
3
4
5
6
9
12
15
18
20
24
26
30
32
35
2
3
3
4
5
7
9
12
14
16
18
20
23
25
27
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
d/D=1/2
d/D=3/4
d/D=1/2
d/D=1/4
d/D=3/4
d/D=1/2
2.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
8.0
9.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
40.0
47.0
55.0
65.0
70.0
80.0
d/D=3/4
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
19.0
28.0
37.0
47.0
55.0
62.0
72.0
82.0
90.0
100.0
110.0
140.0
170.0
200.0
220.0
250.0
260.0
d/D=1/2
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
11.0
15.0
18.0
22.0
26.0
29.0
33.0
36.0
40.0
44.0
55.0
66.0
77.0
88.0
99.0
110.0
d/D=1/4
2.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
8.0
9.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
40.0
47.0
55.0
65.0
70.0
80.0
4 Miters
Through Tee
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
6.0
7.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
21.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
Reducer
Sudden
Std Redu
Sudden
Std Redu
Equivalent Length in terms of small diameter
3 Miters
Branch Tee
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
6.0
7.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
21.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
March 11, 1998

Rev: 0
Expander
90o Miter
Elbows
2 Miters
90o Ell, Short Radius
7.0
14.0
11.0
17.0
30.0
70.0
120.0
170.0
170.0
80.0
145.0
160.0
210.0
225.0
254.0
312.0
90o Ell, Long Radius
13.0
17.0
20.0
25.0
32.0
48.0
64.0
80.0
95.0
105.0
120.0
140.0
155.0
170.0
185.0
45o Ell
26.0
33.0
40.0
50.0
65.0
100.0
125.0
160.0
190.0
210.0
240.0
280.0
300.0
335.0
370.0
Gate or Ball Valve
Swing Check Valve
55.0
70.0
80.0
100.0
130.0
200.0
260.0
330.0
400.0
450.0
500.0
550.0
650.0
688.0
750.0
Plug Cock
Angle valve
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
22.0
24.0
30.0
36.0
42.0
48.0
54.0
60.0
Globe Valve or Ball Check

Valve
Nominal Pipe size, in.
Art Montemayor
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
7

WorkSheet: Equiv. Lengths #1
Art Montemayor
EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF VALVES AND FITTINGS IN FEET

Source: Rules of Thumb for Chem. Engrs; C.R. Branan; Gulf Publ.; p. 3
March 11, 1998

Rev: 0
er
d/D=3/4
Std Redu
meter
1
2
2
2
Page 17 of 42

Art Montemayor
Equivalent Length of Fittings

Source: Compressed Air Gas Data; Ingersoll-Rand; 1969; p. 34-78
Pipe's Inside Globe

Nominal
Sched.
Diameter
Valve
Pipe Size,
Number
Inches
Angle
Valve
Gate
Valve
Swing
Check
Valve
Plug 45 Std. 90 Std

Cock Elbow Elbow
Inches Feet L/D=340 L/D=145 L/D=13 L/D=135 L/D=18 L/D=16
L/D=30
90o
Long
Radius
Elbow
L/D=20
March 16, 1998

Rev: 0
Close
Return
Bend
Standard Tee
Through-Flow Branch Flow
L/D=20
L/D=60
90o Welding Elbow

(L/D=16)
(L/D=12)
L/D=50 Short Radius Long Radius
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/2
40
40
40
40
0.622
0.824
1.049
1.610
0.052
0.069
0.087
0.134
17.6
23.3
29.7
45.6
7.5
10.0
12.7
19.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.7
7.0
9.3
11.8
18.1
0.9
1.2
1.6
2.4
0.8
1.1
1.4
2.1
1.6
2.1
2.6
4.0
1.0
1.4
1.7
2.7
1.0
1.4
1.7
2.7
3.1
4.1
5.2
8
2.6
3.4
4.4
6.7
0.8
1.1
1.4
2.1
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.6
2
2-1/2
3
4
40
40
40
40
2.067
2.469
3.068
4.026
0.172
0.206
0.256
0.336
59
70
87
114
25
30
37
49
2.2
2.7
3.3
4.4
23.3
27.8
34.5
45.3
3.1
3.7
4.6
6.0
2.8
3.3
4.1
5.4
5.2
6.2
7.7
10
3.4
4.1
5.1
6.7
3.4
4.1
5.1
6.7
10
12
15
20
8.6
10
13
17
2.8
3.3
4.1
5.4
2.1
2.5
3.1
4.0
5
6
8
10
40
40
40
40
5.047
6.065
7.981
10.020
0.421
0.505
0.665
0.835
143
172
226
284
61
73
96
121
5.5
6.6
8.6
10.9
57
68
90
113
7.6
9.1
12
15
6.7
8
11
13
13
15
20
25
8.4
10
13
17
8.4
10
13
17
25
30
40
50
21
25
33
42
6.7
8
11
13
5.0
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
40
30
30
30
11.938
13.250
15.250
17.124
0.995
1.104
1.271
1.427
13
14
17
19
134
149
172
193
18
16
18
20
23
30
33
38
43
20
22
25
29
20
22
25
29
60
66
76
86
50
55
64
71
16
18
20
23
12
13
15
17
20
24
20
20
19.250 1.604
23.250 1.938
21
25
217
262
26
31
48
58
32
39
32
39
96
116
80
97
26
31
19
23
Page 18 of 42

0
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.50
2.00
3.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
24.00
30.00
36.00
42.00
48.00
54.00
60.00
0
1.4
1.9
2.4
3.8
4.8
3.4
4.4
6.7
8.7
11
13.2
14.6
16.8
19
21.2
25.6
73
88
103
118
132
148
0
0.7
1
1.3
2
2.6
2.2
2.9
4.3
5.6
7.1
8.5
9.4
10.8
12.2
13.6
16.5
37
44
52
59
66
74
0
0.9
1.2
1.6
2.5
3.2
5.1
6.7
10.1
13.2
16.7
20
22.1
25.4
28.8
32
39
49
59
69
78
88
98
0
2.7
3.7
4.8
7.5
9.7
15.3
20.1
30
39
50
60
66
76
86
96
116
146
176
206
235
265
295
0
0.4
0.5
0.6
1
1.3
2
2.7
4
5.3
6.7
8
8.8
10.2
11.5
12.8
15.5
19.5
23.5
27.5
31.3
35
39
0
15.5
21
27.1
42
55
87
114
172
224
284
340
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0
1.7
1.9
1.3
1.7
5.4
9.2
9.7
69.6
48.2
35.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Page 19 of 42
11.5
15.1
22.7
29.6
29.2
35
39
32
36
40
48
61
73
86
98
110
123
0
2.3
3.1
4
6.2
8.1
12.8
16.8
25.3
33
42
50
55
64
72
80
97
122
147
172
196
221
246
0
n/a
0.8
0.8
4.3
2
11.5
5.4
20.4
11.6
12.8
10.1
4.9
15.3
9
8.7
23.5
42.2
37.5
35.1
31.8
33.7
33.3
0
n/a
1.2
1
8.1
2.6
22.1
7.2
36.4
15.1
15.5
9.7
2.8
7.3
6.3
5.5
23.6
49.5
37.3
30.2
23.3
23
20.5
EX
IT
C
N
A
TR
PA
one size
EN
Nom. ---- BENDS -------- TEES ----------------- VALVES ------------Size,

o
o
In. 90 ELL 45 ELL LINEAR BRANCH GATE GLOBE BALL BUTTERFLY CHECK one size
EX
ED
ER
ER
EQUIVALENT LENGTHS OF TYPICAL FITTINGS, IN FEET
April 21, 1998

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
EQUIVALENT LENGTHS OF FITTINGS
Reference: Dobie Pump Spreadsheet
Dobie Engineering (1992)
BASIS:
All equivalent lengths are calculated using Crane Tech Paper #410.
Pipe walls typical for 150 ASA carbon steel with 1/8 in. corrosion allow.
Bends are based on using screwed or SO fittings < 3 in.; long radius weld elbows for 3 to 24 in; miter elbows for > 24in.
Valves (except for Ball type) are based on full port types and swing check valves.
o
Reducers assume a 30 included angle. Equivalent feet of the larger size pipe is indicated.
The entrance losses are based on a sharp edge with no inward projection.
Ball valves are assumed as Jamesbury Type 5150, ANSI CLASS 150, with reduced ball Cv
Loss
0
0.8
1.2
1.7
2.8
4.3
7.3
10.4
16.8
23.5
31
38
44
52
60
68
84
109
136
165
196
232
267
Loss
0
1.7
2.5
3.5
5.7
8.5
14.6
20.7
34
47
62
77
88
103
120
136
167
218
272
331
392
465
534

Art Montemayor
May 20, 1998

Rev: 0
Equivalent Feet of Pipe Fittings and Valves
EQUIVALENT LENGTH WORKSHEET

FITTINGS & VALVES
90o ELL
45o ELL
Through-Flow TEE
Branch-Flow TEE
GATE VALVE
GLOBE VALVE
BUTTERFLY VALVE
BALL VALVE
SWING CHECK VALVE
REDUCTION-ONE SIZE
EXPANSION-ONE SIZE
ENTRANCE LOSS
EXIT LOSS
OTHER
Straight Length PIPE
QUANTITY
SIZE
EQ FT
FEET
10
2.00
4.8
48.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
0.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1250
9.6
1298.0
TOTAL EQUIVALENT FEET =

INSTRUCTIONS:
1) Enter the known quantities and sizes of each fitting type in your hydraulic circuit in the
designated YELLOW cells as well as the amount of straight pipe.
Note: The sizes of the fittings to be keyed in are the NOMINAL pipe size, not the I. D..
You must furnish both the quantities and sizes to generate a calculated answer.
2) The resultant calculated equivalent pipe length(s) appear in RED numbers.
Art Montemayor
Page 20 of 42

Art Montemayor
May 20, 1998

Rev: 0
0.5
0.75
1.4
1.9
0.7
1
0.9
1.2
2.7
3.7
0.4
0.5
15.5
21
n/a
n/a
2.3
3.1
2.4
1.3
1.6
4.8
0.6
27.1
n/a
1.5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
3.8
4.8
3.4
4.4
6.7
8.7
11
13.2
14.6
16.8
19
21.2
25.6
73
88
103
118
132
148
2
2.6
2.2
2.9
4.3
5.6
7.1
8.5
9.4
10.8
12.2
13.6
16.5
37
44
52
59
66
74
2.5
3.2
5.1
6.7
10.1
13.2
16.7
20
22.1
25.4
28.8
32
39
49
59
69
78
88
98
7.5
9.7
15.3
20.1
30
39
50
60
66
76
86
96
116
146
176
206
235
265
295
1
1.3
2
2.7
4
5.3
6.7
8
8.8
10.2
11.5
12.8
15.5
19.5
23.5
27.5
31.3
35
39
42
55
87
114
172
224
284
340
n/a
n/a
6.2
8.1
12.8
16.8
25.3
33
42
50
55
64
72
80
97
122
147
172
196
221
246
Page 21 of 42
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
11.5
15.1
22.7
29.6
29.2
35
39
32
36
40
48
61
73
86
98
110
123

Art Montemayor
0.8
1.2
0.8
1.2
1.7
2.5
1.7
1.9
0.8
1.7
3.5
1.3
4.3
2
11.5
5.4
20.4
11.6
12.8
10.1
4.9
15.3
9
8.7
23.5
42.2
37.5
35.1
31.8
33.7
33.3
8.1
2.6
22.1
7.2
36.4
15.1
15.5
9.7
2.8
7.3
6.3
5.5
23.6
49.5
37.3
30.2
23.3
23
20.5
2.8
4.3
7.3
10.4
16.8
23.5
31
38
44
52
60
68
84
109
136
165
196
232
267
5.7
8.5
14.6
20.7
34
47
62
77
88
103
120
136
167
218
272
331
392
465
534
1.7
5.4
9.2
9.7
69.6
48.2
35.3
n/a
n/a
May 20, 1998

Rev: 0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Page 22 of 42

Typical Resistance Coefficients

Fluid Flow in Piping Systems
Art Montemayor
March 12, 1998

Rev: 0
TYPICAL K VALUES FOR PIPE FITTINGS

This table is taken from API Recommended Practice 521, 2nd Edition, Sep.1982, which obtained it in turn from:
Tube-Turn Catalogue and Engineering Data Book No. 211, Chemetron Corp., Louisville, Kentucky.
Art's Notes
K
VALVES:
Globe, Open
Typical Depressuring, Open
Angle, Open
Swing Check, Open
Gate, Open
9.70
8.50
4.60
2.30
0.21
100% wide open position

---' ????
180o close return

Branch-Flow Tee
90o Standard Elbow
Through-Flow Tee
45o Elbow
1.95
1.72
0.93
0.50
0.43
90o Single-Miter Elbow

90o Double-Miter Elbow
90o Triple-Miter Elbow
1.72
0.93
0.59
0.46
0.46
Through-Flow Tee
0.50
w/ flow in all 3 branches
Branch-Flow Tee
45o Branch-Flow Lateral
90o Long-Sweep Elbow
Through-Flow Lateral
180o Return
Through-Flow Tee
90o Elbow
45o Elbow
1.37
0.76
0.59
0.50
0.43
0.38
0.32
0.21

SCREWED FITTINGS:
MITERED FITTINGS:
FABRICATED FITTINGS:
WELDED FITTINGS:
CONTRACTION OR EXPANSION:
Contraction (ANSI)
Contraction (Sudden)
Expansion (ANSI)
Expansion (Sudden)

0.000
0.200
d/d'
0.400
0.600
0.800
--0.500
--1.000
--0.460
--0.950
0.210
0.380
0.900
0.740
0.135
0.290
0.500
0.410
0.039
0.120
0.110
0.110
Page 23 of 42

WorkSheet: Typical K values
Art Montemayor
March 12, 1998

Rev: 0
Typical Pipe Friction Factors
Typical Friction Factors and Conversion Factors for Clean Steel Pipe
(Based on Equivalent Roughness of 0.00015 Feet)
Source: API Recommended Practice 521; 2nd Ed., Sep. 1982 (p.49)
Nominal Pipe Size, Inches

NPS 2, Schedule 40
NPS 3, Schedule 40
NPS 4, Schedule 40
NPS 6, Schedule 40
NPS 8 x 1/4-inch wall
Moody Friction Factor (f)
Conversion Factor for Equivalent

Length per Unit of K
Feet
Meters
0.0195
0.0178
0.0165
0.0150
0.0140
0.0135
0.0129
0.0126
0.0123
0.0119
0.0115
0.0110
0.0107
8.8
14.3
20.5
33.6
48.2
63.0
78.8
89.6
104.6
136.0
169.6
222.6
273.4
2.7
4.4
6.3
10.2
14.7
19.2
24.0
27.3
31.9
41.5
56.7
67.9
83.3
Note:
NPS = Nominal Pipe Size. The above friction factors and conversion factors apply at
high Reynolds numbers, namely above 1 x 106 for NPS 24 and larger.
For smaller pipe, down to NPS 2", the applicable Reynolds number is 2 x 105.
Page 24 of 42

WorkSheet: Typical Friction Factors
Art Montemayor
May 07, 1998

Revision: 0
Pipe Pro
This information is taken from the PipePro computer program sold by:
Professional Designers & Engineers, Inc.
P.O. Box 11380
Boulder, CO 80301
Phone & Fax: (303) 530-1551
VALUES OF ABSOLUTE ROUGHNESS, e, FOR VARIOUS MATERIALS
Type of Pipe Material

Asphalted Cast Iron
Brass & Copper
Concrete
Cast Iron
Galvanized Iron
Wrought Iron
Plastic
Steel
Riveted Steel*
Wood Stave*
Range of values (x 10-6), Ft Normal Design value (x 10-6), Ft

400
5
1,000 to 10,000
850
500
150
5
150
3,000 to 30,000
600 to 3,000
400
5
4,000
850
500
150
5
150
6,000
2,000
* Note: These two types of material have been obsolete and outdated for approximately
50 years. They are kept here as a reminder to young engineers of the danger and
stupidity that some data represents when the authors do not review, proof and edit their
technical product(s).
Art Montemayor
Page 25 of 42

WorkSheet: Pipe Pro
Art Montemayor
May 07, 1998

Revision: 0
Pipe Pro
REASONABLE VELOCITIES FOR WATER FLOW THROUGH PIPE

Application & Service Condition
Range of Typical Velocities, Ft/sec
Municipal Water Distribution System

General Plant Service
Pump Suction
Drain Lines
Boiler Feed System
2 to 7
4 to 10
4 to 7
4 to 7
8 to 15
Note: Long piping systems may require lower velocities to prevent an undesirable pressure
drop. Higher velocities may be used or exceeded where pressure drop is not important.
Page 26 of 42

WorkSheet: Pipe Pro
Art Montemayor
May 07, 1998

Revision: 0
Pipe Pro
RESISTANCE COEFFICIENTS "K" FOR PIPE ENTRANCE AND EXITS

The K resistance coefficient represents the resistance to flow in pipes for various configurations of
entrances, exits, contraction or enlargement. The resistance coefficient method is based on the
assumption that the fluid's pressure loss is all due to pressure drag and is independent of the
Reynolds Number.
Description of Pipe Entrance or Exit
The resistance co
and fittings. The K
where,
Coefficient K
Inlet - Sharp edge flush to the tank or reservoir

Inlet - Slightly rounded at connection to tank, r/d=0.02
Inlet - Slightly rounded at connection to tank, r/d=0.04
Inlet - Medium rounded at connection to tank, r/d=0.06
Inlet - Medium rounded at connection to tank, r/d=0.10
Inlet - Well rounded at pipe connection, r/d=0.15 & up
Inlet - Pipe projecting into tank or reservoir
0.50
0.28
0.24
0.15
0.09
0.04
0.78
Exit - Open discharge (complete loss of velocity head)

Exit - Submerged gradual enlargement discharge
(complete recovery of velocity head)
1.00
0.00
Description of Enlargement or Contraction:

Flow may be directed through pipes of differing sizes by using especially designed enlargements or
contractions to achieve the desired coefficient "K". These designs are generally required when a
minimum "K" value is desired to limit the pressure drop in the system. The input cells below are
provided to calculate the "K" value based on the dimensions of the enlargement or contraction.
Where,
Large Diameter, D
Small Diameter, d
Length, L
=
=
=
Coefficient K
Gradual contraction from large diam. to small diam.

Gradual enlargement from small diam. to large diam.
Sudden square edge contraction from D to d
Sudden square edge enlargement from d to D
Page 27 of 42

WorkSheet: Pipe Pro
Art Montemayor
May 07, 1998

Revision: 0
Pipe Pro
RESISTANCE COEFFICIENTS "K" FOR VALVES AND FITTINGS

The resistance coefficient K represents the reduction in static head for flow in pipes caused by valves
and fittings. The K value is the number of velocity heads and is valid for all flow conditons.
K/f = Constant
where,
f = turbulent Darcy friction factor
DESCRIPTION OF VALVES AND FITTINGS

15 degree Corner Miter
45 degree Standard Elbow
45 degree Street Elbow
90 degree Short Radius Elbow
90 degree Long Radius Elbow
90 degree Street Elbow
90 degree Square Corner Miter
180 degree Close Pattern Return Bend
Tee Flow-through Run
Tee Flow-through Branch
Globe valve; perdendicular stem with unguided disc
Globe valve; perdendicular stem with guided disc
Globe valve; 60o stem to run with unguided disc
Globe valve; 45o stem to run with unguided disc
Angle valve; 90o with unguided disc
Angle valve; 90o with guided disc
Gate valve; full size, fully open
Gate valve; 3/4 open
Ball valve; round opening with full bore
Plug valve; round opening with full bore
Plug valve; rectangular opening with full bore, fully open
Plug valve; 3-way rectangular opening with full bore, straignt flow
Plug valve; 3-way 80% bore, fully open, branch flow
Butterfly valve; 2" to 8", fully open
Check valve; conventional swing, angle seat, fully open
Check valve; conventional swing, perpendicular seat, fully open
Check valve; tilting disc at 5o to flow (2" to 8")
Check valve; globe type
Foot valve; hinged disc with strainer
Foot valve; poppet disc with strainer
Page 28 of 42
RECOMMENDED K/f
4
8
16
26
15
25
20
14
50
60
50
20
60
340
600
175
145
150
200
8
35
160
900
3
3
18
30
90
45
35
25
100
50
40
400
75
420
The C
psi pressure drop acr
weight density of the
For Control Valves:
Where,
Values for C
C

WorkSheet: Pipe Pro
Art Montemayor
May 07, 1998

Revision: 0
Pipe Pro
FLOW COEFFICIENT, Cv, FOR CONTROL VALVES
d by valves
The Cv flow coefficient for valves expresses the flow rate of 60 oF water in gallon per minute with 1.0
psi pressure drop across the valve. Cv varies for other fluids according to the square root of the
weight density of the fluid.
For Control Valves:
Where,
Cv = Q x (density/62.37/pressure drop)0.5
Q = liquid flowrate in gpm
density = liquid density in lb/ft3
pressure drop = pressure drop in psi
Values for Cv are normally provided by the control valve manufacturer. However, desired values for
Cv may be calculated below as follows:
For Control Valves:

Flowrate, gpm
=
Density, lb/ft3
=
Pressure drop, psi =
Cv
100.00
62.37
5.00
44.72
Page 29 of 42

WorkSheet: Pipe Pro
Art Montemayor
May 07, 1998

Revision: 0
Pipe Pro
The Cv sizing coefficient must be obtained from the valved manufacturer; however, a sampling of
some typical valve coefficients is listed below.
ute with 1.0 Size, inches Control Valve Description
values for
1/2
3/4
1
1 1/4
1 1/2
2
2 1/2
3
4
6
8
10
12
1
1 1/2
2
2 1/2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
36
48
60
72
Plug; top guided

Plug; top guided
Plug; cage guided
Plug; top guided
Plug; cage guided
Plug; cage guided
Plug; cage guided
Plug; cage guided
Plug; cage guided
Plug; cage guided
Plug; cage guided
Plug; port guided
Plug; port guided
Ball; V-notched
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Butterfly; disc
Flow Characteristic Liquid coefficient, Cv

Equal percentage
Equal percentage
Equal percentage
Equal percentage
Equal percentage
Equal percentage
Equal percentage
Equal percentage
Equal percentage
Equal percentage
Equal percentage
Quick opening
Quick opening
90o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
60o Opening
Page 30 of 42
4.2
8.65
17.4
22.2
33.4
56.2
87.2
121
203
357
808
1280
1700
22.3
26.3
55.1
91.4
136
271
768
1340
2170
3180
3880
5210
6510
8210
12200
19900
29400
54200
85300
123000

WorkSheet: Pipe Pro
Art Montemayor
RESISTANCE TO FLUID FLOW

Source: Crane Tech Paper #410
May 08, 1998

Rev: 0
D
CONCENTRIC REDUCERS
for included angle less than 45o
l
Steps:
1) Enter the required information in the YELLOW cells
2) The calculated results appear in RED numbers.
d
D
b
L
a
f
=
=
=
=
=
=
small diameter, in.

large diameter, in.
diameter ratio
length of fitting, in.
included concentric angle, degrees
included concentric angle, radians
3.068
6.065
0.505853
5.5
30
0.523599
=
=
=
=
=
=
K1 =
Resistance Coefficient (based on small diameter)
0.2
K2 =
Resistance Coefficient (based on large diameter)
2.4
CONCENTRIC EXPANDERS
for included angle less than 45o
d
D
b
L
a
f
=
=
=
=
=
=
small diameter, in.

large diameter, in.
diameter ratio
length of fitting,in
included concentric angle, degrees
included concentric angle, radians
3.068
6.065
0.505853
5.5
30
0.523599
=
=
=
=
=
=
K1 =
Resistance Coefficient (based on small diameter)
0.0
K2 =
Resistance Coefficient (based on large diameter)
1.5
NOTE:
Resistance to fluid flow due to pipe reducers, pipe expanders, entrances and exits to pipes is
independent of the pipe and fluid's friction factor.
These pressure losses are caused by local disturbances, such as changes in pipe cross section.
Although considered "minor", these may actually be major losses in the case of a short pipe run.
Whenever the velocity of a flowing stream is altered either in direction or in magnitude, eddy currents
are set up and a loss of energy in excess of the pipe friction in that same length is created. Such
losses may be expressed as velocity heads (KV2/2g) --- where K must be determined for each case.
For concentric reducers, a minimum K value of about 0.10 is obtained with an included angle of 20 o
to 40o. Smaller or larger angles result in higher values of K.
Page 31 of 42

WorkSheet: Reducers & Expanders
RESISTANCE TO FLUID FLOW

Source: Crane Tech Paper #410
Art Montemayor
May 08, 1998

Rev: 0
This table calculates the included angle for Stainless

Steel, schedule 40s, Concentric Reducers. It should
also apply to Carbon Steel fittings as well as to
Concentric Expanders.
d
Data source: Flowline Fittings Catalog; 1965; p.48
Fitting Size Large Diameter, in. Small Diameter, in. Length, in, Included Angle, Degrees
2x1
2.067
1.049
3.000
19
2 x 1-1/2
2.067
1.610
3.000
3x1
3.068
1.049
3.500
32
3 x 1-1/2
3.068
1.610
3.500
24
3x2
3.068
2.067
3.500
16
4x2
4.026
2.067
4.000
28
4x3
4.026
3.068
4.000
14
6x3
6.065
3.068
5.500
30
6x4
21
8x6
18
10 x 6
10
32
12 x 6
12
41
Page 32 of 42

WorkSheet: Reducers & Expanders
June 02, 1999

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
VOLUMETRIC CAPACITY FOR BUTT-WELDING FITTINGS

All volumes expressed in cubic inches
Reference: Piping Engineering; Tube Turns Division of Chemetron Corp.; Nov. 1971; p.47
Nominal
90o Elbows
Pipe Size,
Long Radius
Short Radius
in.
Standard X-Strong Standard X-Strong
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
30
34
36
42
48
0.7
0.6
0.9
0.8
2.0
1.7
4.4
3.7
7.2
6.2
15.8
13.9
52.2
46.7
119.8
108.3
408.1
368.3
942.3
860.3
1856.9
1758.2
3195.9
3064.2
4545.9
4376.1
6882.2
6658.4
9906.5
9621.7
13707.5 13353.8
18365.2 17935.8
23995.6 23482.4
30644.8 30041.0
47449.7 46642.1
69490.1 68449.0
82695.4 81526.6
132116.7 130520.2
198322.0 196203.0
1.4
2.9
4.8
10.5
34.8
79.9
272.1
628.3
1238.0
2130.7
3030.7
4301.4
6054.0
9366.8
4.2
9.2
31.1
72.0
245.4
572.7
1172.2
2042.8
2917.4
4161.5
5879.9
9125.1
14664.0
14350.3
31648.8
31110.5
55130.3
88077.8
54351.0
87013.4
180o Returns
Long Radius
Short Radius
Standard X-Strong Standard X-Strong
1.4
1.9
4.1
8.7
14.4
31.6
104.4
239.7
816.1
1884.7
3713.8
6391.8
9091.8
13764.5
19813.1
27415.0
36730.9
47991.1
61289.6
94899.4
110260.5
176155.6
1.1
1.5
3.4
7.4
12.5
27.8
93.3
216.6
736.6
1720.6
3516.5
6128.5
8752.2
13316.9
19243.4
26707.6
23914.5
46964.7
40054.6
62189.4
2.7
5.9
9.6
21.1
69.6
159.9
544.3
1256.7
2476.0
4261.5
6061.4
8602.8
12108.0
18733.6
8.3
18.3
62.2
143.9
490.8
1145.5
2344.3
4085.6
5834.8
8323.0
11759.8
18250.2
29327.9
28700.7
63297.7
62221.0
110260.5 108702.1
45o Elbows
Long Radius
Standard X-Strong
0.4
0.5
1.0
2.2
3.6
7.9
26.1
59.9
204.0
471.1
928.5
1598.0
2273.0
3441.1
4953.3
6853.8
9182.7
11997.8
15322.4
0.2
0.4
0.8
1.8
3.1
7.0
23.3
54.1
184.2
430.1
879.1
1532.1
2188.1
3329.2
4810.8
6676.9
8967.9
11471.2
15020.5
34745.0
41347.7
66054.8
40971.0
34224.5
40763.3
65260.1
40538.0
Tees
Full-size outlets
Standard X-Strong
0.8
0.6
1.6
1.3
3.5
2.9
7.5
6.5
12.4
10.8
22.2
19.7
65.2
58.7
135.8
123.6
413.2
367.1
881.1
811.2
1675.4
1594.9
2816.9
2712.3
3809.3
3681.0
5804.3
5634.3
8396.5
8179.2
11701.3 11429.4
14348.0 14049.2
20647.2 20249.7
23912.3 23493.2
35985.0 35442.5
52836.7 52135.9
62945.1 62157.5
94207.0 93209.0
145443.0 144092.0
90o Elbows:
Page 33 of 42

WorkSheet: Fittings' Volumes
June 02, 1999

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
V = P2D2A/8
V = Volume
D = Inside diameter
A = Center to face distance
180o Returns:
V = P2D2O/8
V = Volume
D = Inside diameter
A = Center to center distance
45o Elbows:
V = P2D2A/8
V = Volume
D = Inside diameter
A = Center to face distance
Full Size Outlet Tees:

V = (PD2/2) (C + M/2) - D3/3
V = Volume
D = Inside diameter
C = Center to end of run
M = center to end of branch
Page 34 of 42

June 02, 1999

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
Pipe Caps:
V = (PD2/4) (E - t - D/12)
V = Volume
D = Inside diameter
E = length
t = wall thickness
Crosses:
V = (PD2/2) (C + M) - (2/3)D3
V = Volume
D = Inside diameter
C = Center to end of run
M = center to end of branch
Concentric & eccentric reducers:
Page 35 of 42

June 02, 1999

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
Page 36 of 42

June 02, 1999

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
Caps
Standard
X-Strong
0.3
0.6
1.1
1.8
2.5
3.9
11.1
24.2
77.3
148.5
295.6
517.0
684.6
967.6
1432.6
2026.4
2784.1
3451.0
4014.3
5163.1
0.2
0.4
0.9
1.5
2.0
3.2
9.4
20.8
65.7
122.3
264.4
475.0
640.0
911.0
1363.0
1938.0
2682.9
3313.0
3884.1
5006.4
7010.8
10936.3
13480.0
6811.5
10666.7
13157.0
Crosses
Full-size outlets
Standard X-Strong
9.5
15.5
27.7
80.5
166.5
501.3
1061.9
2010.4
3371.9
4171.5
6311.7
9081.3
12634.1
8.2
13.7
24.7
72.9
152.4
441.0
983.0
1920.6
3255.9
4043.7
6144.0
8868.1
12368.2
Stub Ends
Lap Joint
Standard X-Strong
0.9
1.6
3.5
6.0
8.1
20.1
44.4
76.4
231.1
400.2
788.5
1131.0
1654.6
2191.8
2804.5
3492.5
0.7
1.3
2.9
5.1
7.1
17.8
39.6
69.0
208.5
365.3
746.6
1084.3
1592.8
2120.6
2723.8
3402.4
Nominal Pipe Size,

Reducers
in.
Concentric & Eccentric
Large end Small end Standard
X-Strong
1-1/4
1-1/2
3
22189.4
21802.9
5094.7
4985.7
Page 37 of 42
3/8
1/2
3/4
1/2
3/4
1
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/4
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
2
2-1/2
1-1/2
2
2-1/2
3
3-1/2
2-1/2
3
3-1/2
4
5
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.6
3.1
3.7
4.0
4.6
5.3
6.5
7.6
8.5
10.0
11.4
1.3
1.4
1.8
2.2
2.6
3.1
3.4
3.9
4.5
5.6
6.6
7.4
8.8
10.0
20.2
21.9
25.5
29.5
37.3
41.8
46.6
54.4
62.1
11.9
123.7
134.8
147.1
175.3
17.9
19.4
22.7
26.3
33.4
37.5
41.8
48.9
55.9
100.6
111.3
121.5
132.8
158.7
Tees
with Reducing Outlet
Standard
X-Strong
2.7
2.8
3.0
5.8
6.0
6.3
9.4
9.6
9.9
10.8
16.7
16.9
17.6
18.4
50.9
51.8
52.9
55.1
58.6
108.0
110.4
113.9
119.7
125.9
334.1
340.0
346.3
354.1
375.7
2.3
2.4
2.6
5.1
5.4
5.7
8.3
8.6
9.1
9.9
15.2
15.6
16.5
17.4
45.5
46.4
47.3
49.5
52.6
97.7
99.9
103.2
108.6
114.5
301.8
307.4
313.7
321.2
361.8

June 02, 1999

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Page 38 of 42
3
3-1/2
4
5
6
4
5
6
8
5
6
8
10
6
8
10
12
6
8
10
12
14
8
10
12
14
16
8
10
12
14
16
18
10
12
14
16
221.7
235.6
269.6
309.2
385.9
428.3
476.8
586.0
639.4
697.7
827.0
993.8
1496
1738
2041
2382
201.8
215.0
245.8
280.9
362.0
401.4
444.8
546.7
606.4
658.8
779.8
947.7
1419
1646
1952
2288
2321
2656
3029
3289
2212
2552
2920
3175
3413
3821
4104
4598
3291
3695
3973
4458
6248
6922
7974
9404
6059
6717
7747
9150
7333
8055
7129
7841
716.9
722.6
730.6
753.0
791.1
1373.0
1396.0
1432.0
1506.0
2318.0
2348.0
2430.0
2567.0
1992
2587
2922
2976
2621
3396
3803
4891
5054
4318
4849
4993
6147
7180
5360
6010
6204
7606
8877
10163
12027
12226
12394
12620
655.5
661.0
668.7
690.5
719.4
1300.0
1323.0
1350.0
1426.0
2224.0
2250.0
2329.0
2468.0
1915
2488
2816
3022
2532
3283
3701
4741
4902
4191
4711
5013
5976
6985
5214
5855
6221
7414
8657
9916
11745
11944
12110
12337

June 02, 1999

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
22
24
26
30
34
18
20
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
16
18
20
22
8848
9711
8637
9451
10334
8622
12995
9474 1345813172
8701
14972
10979
8419
12795
9221
14628
10094
16477
16606
20062
20233
20465
20846
21316
21887
22565
30283
30520
30908
31386
31964
32652
33458
34102
44385
44779
45265
45851
46548
47364
48018
49058
50242
52701
53098
53587
54177
12710
8519
14603
10745
12526
14325
16141
16287
19668
19837
20070
20449
20919
21487
22164
29768
30006
30392
30869
31445
32131
32936
33583
43724
44116
44600
45184
45879
46693
47351
48389
49571
51958
52353
52841
53429
36
Page 39 of 42

June 02, 1999

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
36
42
48
Page 40 of 42
24
26
28
30
32
34
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
30539
32314
34176
30071
31831
33698
32031
33617
31561
33132
37053
38902
40840
42866
36540
38375
40229
42311
85143
89354
83984
88163
98305
103044
107959
113050
118317
123760
129378
135173
141144
97047
101753
106635
111693
116927
122337
127923
133685
139622
54878
55700
56359
57404
58594
59940
76746
77172
77639
78899
79574
80636
81462
82341
83276
125186
125667
126693
127344
128044
129561
130462
131419
133521
134710
135960
138742
140256
54128
54947
55610
56653
57842
59185
75825
76253
76723
77972
78650
79710
80540
81425
82365
123874
124358
125377
126031
126736
128245
129151
130113
132207
133402
134660
137432
138954

June 02, 1999

Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
Page 41 of 42

Pipe Size
1
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
10
1.097
2.157
3.260
4.260
6.357
8.329
10.420
12.390
13.500
Pipe Schedule Number

20
30
40
N.A.
N.A.
1.049
N.A.
N.A.
2.067
N.A.
N.A.
3.068
N.A.
N.A.
4.026
N.A.
N.A.
6.065
8.125
8.071
7.981
10.250
10.136
10.020
12.250
12.090
11.938
13.376
13.250
13.124
80
0.957
1.939
2.900
3.826
5.761
7.625
9.562
11.374
12.500
160
0.815
1.687
2.624
3.624
5.187
6.813
8.500
10.126
11.188

Art&#39;s Fluid Flow Data

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Art&#39;s Fluid Flow Data

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Art Montemayor

November 24, 1997

Valve Resistance to Flow

Standard SLEEVELINE model

V-Port SLEEVELINE model

Standard T-LINE model

V-Port T-LINE model

Valve size, in Max. Cv

BIG MAX Butterfly model

Valve size, in Max. Cv

CHEMICAL Service Butterfly model

Electronic FileName: 193968869.xls.ms_office

November 22, 1997

JAMESBURY Valves ---- Cv values

CLINCHER, Type 2000; screwed

Style A DOUBLE-SEAL; screwed

Series 4000, REDUCED PORT

8100 11000 16000

8000 10500 14000

Electronic File: 193968869.xls.ms_office

November 22, 1997

Electronic File: 193968869.xls.ms_office

November 24, 1997

Valve Flow Resistance

ORBIT Valves --- Cv values

Where, Dp = PSI drop across valve

Dp = 541 x 10-9 (Q/Cv)2(GT/P)

Dp = PSI drop across valve

Electronic File: 193968869.xls.ms_office

Valve Flow Resistance

November 24, 1997

Electronic File: 193968869.xls.ms_office

November 24, 1997

VOGT Valves --- Cv values (Reference: VOGT Catalog F-12, 1980)

TYPICAL CV FACTORS FOR VOGT VALVES & STRAINERS

TYPICAL PIPE-TANK RESISTANCES

Electronic File: 193968869.xls.ms_office

Entrance Loss: From Tank to Pipe

November 24, 1997

Exit Loss: From Pipe to Tank

Any of the above, reversed

SUDDEN ("ABRUPT") CONTRACTION

SUDDEN ("ABRUPT") EXPANSION

Electronic File: 193968869.xls.ms_office

November 24, 1997

Electronic File: 193968869.xls.ms_office

November 24, 1997

Electronic File: 193968869.xls.ms_office

Ball Valve Flow Resistance

KTM Ball Valves --- Cv values

KTM Ball Valves Cv Values

y = 0.0002x3 - 0.0178x2 + 0.7166x - 4.3459

KTM Ball Valves have inherent equal percentage flow

Equal percentage flow characteristics, in simple terms,

Electronic File: 193968869.xls.ms_office

Ball Valve Flow Resistance

Electronic File: 193968869.xls.ms_office

Valve Flow Resistance

KITZ Valves --- Cv values

Trunnion Ball Full Bore

Trunnion Ball Reduced

Trunnion Ball Full Bore

Trunnion Ball Reduced

Trunnion Ball Full Bore

Art's Fluid Flow Data

Art's Fluid Flow Data