Chapter 2: The Structure ofthe Atom

II A.Knowledge
(DefillitiOi1,-;'':;~~-T-'I-'i'-'£-'-a-il-d-4',-.a-c-t-s \-,--------------------C-,h-e-c-k-~
, ~,~,
I 1) State the kinetic theory of matter,
I -
I State one example to support the kinetic theory of matter

I 2) What are ate::!, rrJolecule and ion?

f 3) What is melting point?

I 4) Define proton number and nucleon number,

I
"I h)'
v State the meaning of isotopes,
!
I 6) State the uses of isotopes such as carbon-14 and cobalt-60.
!
r'B--:-Understandin~ ; Application /Ana!y~.i~
I 7) Explain why the temperature remains uncha-ng-e-o~'
-d-u-ri-ng-th-e-m-e-it-ir-,g-p-ro-c-e-s-s~.
------------.,

'8) Explain why the temperature remains unchanged diJi'ing the freezing process. I
I. ,II

! 9) A solid compound is heated until it converts into gas. Explain the changes in energy content,
I
I forces of attraction between the particles, and arrangement of particles"

, 10) State the main subatomic particles of an atom. I

I
i Compare and contrast the relative atomic mass and the relative charge of the subatomic
particles of the atom. II

11) ~; Al is the symbol of aluminium.

(a) Determine the number of neutron of aluminium.
(b) Draw the electron arrangement of aluminium.

C. Synthesis (Ex eriment)

12) Solid Z has a melting point o'f65°C. Describe a laboratory experiment to determine the melting
point of Z. Your answer should show how the melting point of Z is determined.

13) Compound \/V has a freezing point of 82°C. Describe a iaboratory experiment to determine the
freezing point of W.
· Chapter 3: Chemical Formulae and E~tions .__ ~
/A. Knowledge (j)efinition, meaning and facts)
r 1) . State the meaningof'relatlveatomlC -mass based -on carbon-12 scale.
2
1 ) sDteftinetha
mole_ . f I
3 a e e meaning 0 mo ar mass

I 4) State the meaning of molar volume of gas_

\5; State the meaning of empirical formula

I
16) State the meaning of molecular formula.
I
IB.-cUnderstanding / Application / Analysis -----------------j
---__ --j
I 7) Explain why we couldn't determine the empirical formula of copper(lI) oxide by heating copper
I
I powder in a crucible.
I
I 8) Compare and contrast empirical formula with molecular formula using ethane as an example. I
I
I
1 ) Vinegar is a dilute ethanoic acid with a molecular formula of CH3COOH
!
19 (a) Find the empirical formula of ethanoic acid.
! (b) Find the percentage composition by mass of carbon in ethanoic acid

10) 3.6 g of carbon reacted with 0.8 g of hydrogen to form a compound.

(a) Determine the empirical formula of the compound formed.
(b) Given that the relative molecular mass of the compound is 88 g, find its molecular formula.
[Relative atomic mass: C ,12; H, 1]

11) Hydrogen Gas is reacted 'vvith20 g of hot copper(ll) oxide powders to produce solid copper
and'vvater.
(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
(b) Calculate the maximum mass of solid copper formed.
[Relative atomic mass: Cu, 64; 0,16; H,1]
I . I
i __ -------- ---- ------------------~--~----_i

I ;2) sJ:~t~~~sa \;~~:~~~::~eriment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. 1-- -----J
11
I Your answer should include all the precautions and calculations involved. 1

I [Relative atomic mass: Mg, 24; 0,16] I

, I
I
L____________________ ~ __ _'_ .. . .____ 1__ ....J
 Chapter 4: Periodic Table of Elements
!
I
J.. T.T.l. ~ __~I .•.....J
ft ..-.&-UUlYIl:U
.•..••..•.•./n .t':ni-4-:
It; \JJ'~J.I I tlUII,
- .-ro.O_._1'S
1l1~a.Ul"
anA ~a~f~\
uu I """~J Check l
1) State the basic principle of arranging the elements in the Periodic Table from its proton
I number I
I 2) State the physical properties of Group 1.

5) State three special properties of transition elements?

B. Understanding! Application I Analysis
/6) State the position of element ;~ X in Periodic Table. Explain your answer.

I
17) When across Period 3 from sodIum to argon, the atomic size decreases Explain why.

i 8) When across Period 3 from sodium to argon, the eiectronegativity increases Explain why
I
I 9) The reactivity of Group 1 increases when going dovv'n the group. Explain why.

110) The reactivity of Group 17 decreases when going down the group. Explain why.

_111) Why helium gas is not reactive?

112) X is an element from Group 1. X in burnt in oxygen and the product is dissolved in water.
What is the properiy of the solution formed? Explain Why.

II 13) Chlorine gas is dissolved in water.

What can you observe if a piece of blue litmus paper is immersed into the solut!on formed?
I Explain why.

I14) \/V is an element from Group 1. Predict the chemica! reaction of W with:
II a) water,

I b) g~~~~~ observation and wnte the chemical equation Involve I

~C. Synthesis (Experlment,--- - - ----- --------~~~I ~~--- -I

I
,
15) Describe a laboratory experiment to compare the reactivity of elements in Group 1. i1thium, I
I

II sodium and potassium I I

16) Describe a laboratory experiment to compare the reactivity of chlorine, bromine and iodine in I
! the reaction with iron wool. State the observation and write the chemica! equations involve in I
1 reactions. I
__ ~ ~ ~ I
--.-.1.. _~ ~ \
Chapter 5: Chemical Bonds
: A. Knowled e (Definition, mean!n and facts)
1) What is anion?

B. Understandin I Appli~C!.tionI Anal sis

5) Explain why sodium chloride ¢:f1 conduct electricity in aqueous state but cannot conduct
electricity in solid state. ""

6) Magnesium chloride and hydrogen chloride are two compounds of chlorine. ,~.troom
condition rnagnesiunl chloride exists as a solid but hydrogen chloride exists as a gas. Exp!ain
t

8) By using example, describe the formation of covalent bond between element from Group 14
and element from Group 17.

C. Synthesis
,9) Draw electron arrangement of the compound formed from the following elements.
I ~! ~itr?gen an,dhydrogen,
I oJ lvarDon ana oxygen,
I c) Magnesium and chlorine,
'd) Carbon and hydrogen,
II ~) iYdrOgen and chlorine,
~odium and oxygen.
 (:hapter 6: Electrochemistry
! "f/ -lI_.'r...:","",A"
I A. ftno,\:v_h~a~ ipelliiit~~n~meaning and facts)
_ "
19w~
~~

11)

I,
I <3"1»)
$tate the meaning of electrolyte.

State the meaning of electrolysis.

State three :.;:;~tors affecting electrolysis cf an aqueous solution

I

I
--J I

lB. Understanding
4)
I Application! Analysis ---------------------J---------J
Explain why solution of hydrogen chlonde In water can conduct electricity but solutIon of
hydrogen chloride in methyl benzene cannot conduct electricity?
1

I 5) By using example, explain how the following factors can determine the selective discharge of
I ions at the electrodes.
I a) Types of eiectrodes,
I b) Concentration of the ions.
1

I 6)
Ii
I 7) Describe the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.

18) Draw the structure of Daniell ceil and explain how it can piOduce electricity.
I
19) Draw the structure of a dry cell and explain how it ca~~oduce e!_e_c_t_ri_ci_ty_. ~

! C. Synthesis
,~----_.~_ _------------_._-----
..

10) Describe a laboratory experiment to extract lead from lead(ll) oxide by using electrolysis.

11) Describe a laboratory experiment to show that types of electrodes affecting the selective
discharge of ions in electrolysis of copper(il) sulphate solution

12) You are given magnesium ribbon, copper plate, magnesium nitrate solution, copper(lI)
sulphate solution, connecting wires with crocodile clips, 250 cm3 beaker, voltmeter and porous
pot.
Construct a.voltaic cel! by using the above materiais.
Explain how the voltaiC cell can produce eiectricity. Your answer must inciude observation and
half equations for reaction at anode and cathode

13) Describe a laboratory experiment to construct the electrochemical series of magnesium,

copper, zinc and lead.
 Cha ter 7: Acids and Bases and Cha ter 8: Salts
A. Knm'l1Jedge (Definition, meaning and facts)
1) State the meaning of acid and alkali,

5) What is precipitate reaction?

I B. Understandin / An lication / Anal sis

I 6) The pH value of solution ammonia in water is 9 but the pH value of solution of ammonia in I
I trichlomethane is 7. Explain why the pH values of the two solutions are different. 1

I 7) 80 cm3 of distiHed water is added to 20 crn3 of 2.0 fll01drn-3 so'ution of HeL Find the molarity of
I
I
the dilute solution.

I 8) In a titration, 40 cm3 of 0.25 moldm-3 potassium hydrOXide, KOH solution is needed to

neutra!ise 20 cm3 of nitric acid, HN03. Calculate the molarity of the nitric acid, HN03
I
I 9) Given dilute nitric acid and dilute sulphuric acid have the same concentration of 0.5 moldm'3 In
3
a neutralisation experiment, 20 cm of nitric acid is required to neutralise 20 cm3 of sodium
hydroxide solution but only 10 cm of sulphuric acid is required to neutralise 20 cm 3 of sodium
3
\
I hydroxide solution. Explain why

Ie. Synthesis
110) Describe a chemical test to determine a given solution is an acid solution.

11) Describe a laboratory experiment to determine the concentration of sodium hydroxide by using
titration process. You are given 0.2 moldm-3 of dilute sulphuric acid, phenolphthalein, burette,
pipette and conical flask

i 2) You are given soiid sodium chloride. Describe how to prepare sodium chloride solution of 0.2
moldm-3 in laboratory by using 250 cmJ volumetric flask.

16) Solid \N is a salt. Describe the tests you would carry out to confirmthe presence of zinc ions
and nitiate ions in the salt?

17) Solid X is a metal carbonate. Describe the tests you would carry out to confirm that X consists
of carbonate ions besides heating.

"18) You are given four test tubes fined with soiution cons!st of zinc ions; lead(ii) ions} alurninium
ions and magnesium ions respectiv€iy. Desc:rib~ the tests you \j\{o~Jd carry out to confirm the
iun ti-~atpresent in each test tube.

19) You are given potassium chior!de sOlutIon ..lead(ll) oxide pO\AJder and dilute nitric acid.
Describe ho~v you \/Vould prepare !ead(li) chioride sait Tiom the given rnaterials,

20) You are given dilute suiphuric acid, copper(ll) nitrate solution and sodium carbonate solution.
Describe how you would prepare copper(li) sulphate sait from the given materials.
 Chapter 9: Manufactured Substance in Industry
i A. K~owiedge (Defini.tioll, meaning and facts)
1) What is the meaning of alloy?
State the aims of making alloys.

2) What is the meaning of composite materials?

State the components of the following composite materials:
a) Reinforced concrete,
b) Superconductor,
c) Fibre optic,
d) Fibre glass,
e) P~otochromic glass.

3) State the catalyst, temperature and pressure of the following process:

a) (a) Contact process
b) (b) Haber process

4) Ifllhat is the meaning of polymers?

Name the monomer of po!ythene and poiyviny! c.hloride

. B. Understanding / Application / Analysis

I 7) Bronze is an alloy consists of copper and tin. Explain why bronze is harder than copper

I 8) Explain how acid rain is formed.

I Describe how acid rain causes environmental pollution.
I
9) Explain the industrial process involved in the manufacture of sulphuric acid.
[ Write all the chemical equations involve.

I 10) Explain the industrial process involved in the manufacture of ammonia gas.
Ii VVritea!! the chemical equations involve.

I c. Svnthesis
11) Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare ammonium sulphate (ammonium fertiliser)
Cha ter 10: Rate of Reaction
I A.
¥.now!edge (Definition, meaning and facts)
1) What is rate of reaction?

2) What is stated in the collision theory?

B. Understandin /A Iication / Anal sis

51 Explain how surface area (size of reactant) can increase the rate of reaction based on collision
theory. .
1
Ex!), lain how temo, erature can increase the rate of reaction based on coilision tileory.
II 6\ I

17) Explain how catalyst can increase the rate of reaction based on co!!ision theory

I 8) Explain why hydrochloric acid of 2,0 moidm-3 is reacted faster with zinc compare to
I hydrochloric acid of 0.5 moidrn-
3

I c. Synthesis --------------
9) Hypothesis: The smaller the size of reactant, the higher the rate of reaction.
Describe a laboratory experiment to confirm the hypothesis by using the reaction between
calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.

1\10) Describe a laboratory experiment to show that the presence of catalyst will increase the rate of
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide,

11) Describe a labor dlur'y o>~p"'fim~nt to, o;how that, <:>ninr-rp~se in temperature will increase the rate
\ of reactlon between sodium thlosulphate solution and sulphurtc aoid. _
Ch~ ter 13: Chemicals for Consumers
A. Knowled e 'Definition, meanin and facts)
I 1) What is soap?
I' .
I

I:: :::::::~:r:i:::;ion pmcess?

i 4) State the functions of each of the following additives in detergent
a) Whitening agent(example: sodium perborate)
b) Optical whitener(fluorescent dyes)
c) Biological enzyme (Example: amylases, lipases, proteases and cellulases)
I d) Fragrance

'II ")oJ What is hard water?

l '

16) State the function of 6ach oUne following food additives:

l a) PreS8fvatives ( Sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate)
b', f\ntioxidants (Ascorbic acid)
c) Flavourings (rv1onosodiurn glutamate (rvlSG), Aspartame)
0) Staf)!Hsef5

~;at~~~~g;~~~~~~s~~r~~~
b)
~~~~;~~~;'~~,d~~~~~~;;Cines.
Antibiotics ( Peniciiin, Streptomycin)
1,,1
1,

I ~) Psychotherap€utic medicine ( Stimuiant, Antidepressant, ,"'.ntipsychotic)

i i

----------------------t'--J
I 8) State the side effects of paracetamol and aspirin.
I
i I

o
I B.
9)
Understandin
Describe the cleansing
/ A lication ~Ana)y,_,s_is_-_
action of soap. I
I 10) Explain why the cleansing action of a detergent is more effective than a soap in hard water. I I
I c. Synthesis I~-'----
111) Describe a iaboratory experiment to prepare soap from palm oil using the saponification
I process.
I .'" '"" :1•• __ 1_"' +__ .. .; + +_ ;_ •• __ .; __ +_ ••..•__ • ; +; ~ ~ _ ~_._,~ __ •
Cha ter 11: Carbon com ounds
A. Knowledge (Definition, meaning and facts)
11) What is homologous series?
!
I 2) What is saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon? State an example of each of
them.

I I

B. Understanding I Application / Analysis

6)

7)
Explain what is isomers and isomerism by using butane.

Explain \A/hy ethene gas can decolourises the acidified potassiurn iTlangante(ll) solution but
=F~~
I
I
II
ethane can not decolourises acidified potassium mangante(ll) solution
I I

8) Explain why both hexane and hexane have six carbon atoms but hexene burns with a more
I I
sooty flame.
I I
9) Pentane and propane are members from alkane family. Explain why the melting point of
pentane is higher than propane.

10) Propanol and propanoic acid are dissolved in water It is found that propanol solution is a
neutral but propanoic acid is an acid solution. •

C. Synthesis
13) Describe a test to differential hexene and hexane.

16) Ethy!propanoat is a product from reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid.
(a) State two physical properties of ethylpropanoat.
(b) Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare Ethylpropanoat. Your answer must include the I
drawing of the setup-apparatus and the chemical equation involve. I
I 17) Exp!ain how to pr~rl;:)re propanoic aCid from propene.
L. _
 Chapter 12: Oxidation and Reduction
A. Knowled e (Definition, meanin- and facts)
1) What is oxidation and deduction based on loss or gain of oxygen?

5) What is oxidising agent and reducing agent? State an example of oxidising agent and reducing
I agent.

i B. Understandin I A plication / Analysis

6) Determine whether the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is a redox

II 7'1 'Deaction. EX~!ai!"'h'YOLh,r

answer baseh~ on c~a!"'d·g(el's)
mto:idati:n numbe(lrl') . d t'
. etermlne vmet er t .6 reaction belV'Jeen lea I nJ rale an" copper IS a re ox reac Ion.
I Explain your answer based on changes in oxidation number.
I

9) When bromine water is added to the potassium iodide solution, the solution changes colour
from colourless to brown. Explain the observation

1 i) A mixture of copper(I!) oxide and aluminium powder is heated strongly. The mixture burns
brightly. Explain this observation based on oxidation and reduction.

12) Chlorine water is added to potassium iodide solution in a test tube. 2 cm3 of i,1,1-

triCh~roethene_i_s_a_d_d_e_d_t_o_t_h_e_t_e_~_t_u_b_e_a_n_d_t_h_e_m~ix_tu_r_e_i_s_s_h_a_k_e_n_th_o_r_0_U_9_h_~_._T_h
1,1, l-trichloroethene changes from colourless to purple. Explain the observation.
-
I C. Synthesis I
113) Describe a lci-b-o-ra-t-o-ry--e-Y-.p-e--r-im-e-nt-t-o-c-h-a-n-g-e-t-h-e-o-x-id-a-t-io-n-n--u-m-b-e-r-o-f
ir-o-n-fr-o-m-+-2
to +3. 1,----1 ,

I How would you confirm that iron(II!) is formed? 1

I 14) Describe a laboratory experiment to change the oxidation number of iron from +3 to +2 by I
I us;ng z;nc. I
1,5) Desef;be the extract;on of ;ron

\16) You are given lead, zinc, copper and their oxides. Describe a iabof3tory experiment to
1 compare the reactivity of these metals toward oxygen.
Chapter 12: Thermochemistry
I A. Knowledge (Definition, meaning and facts)
11) What is exothermic reaction and endoih-e-r-m-i-c~re-a-c-t-io-r-,?---------------

12) :::: :h::::;~:~:;P:::i:~:actiO"

1
'3) What is heat of displacement?

15) \Nhat is heat of combustion?

B. Understandin IA Hcatioii / Analysis

I 6) Explain how exothermic reaction and endothermic are formed based on energy change during
I formation and breaking of chemical bonds.

17) Explain why the heat of combustion of butanol is higher than ethanol

18) Explain why the heat of neutra!isation between strong acids and strong alkalis is a constant,
I that is -57kJmor1?

I 9) Explain why the heat of neutralisation between ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide is less
than
-57kJmor1?
3
10) 50 cm3 of 2 moldm-3 sodium hydroxide solution is added to 50 cm of 2 moldm-3 hydrochloric
acid. The temperature increases tOe.
a) If 100 em of 2 moldm-3 sodium hydrOXidesolution is added to 100 cm3 of 2 moidm-3
hydrochloric acid, predict the increase in temperature.
3 3
b) If 50 cm3 of 1 moldm-3 sodium hydroxide solution is added to 50 cm of 1 moldm
hydrochloric acid, predict the increase in temperature.

c) If 50 cm3 of 4 moldm-3 sodium hydroxide solution is added to 50 cm3 of 4 moldm-3

hydrochloric acid, predict the inCiease in temperature.

C. Synthesis
11) Describe a laboratory experiment to determine the heat of displacement of copper by zinc.

12) Describe a laboratory experiment to determine the heat of neutra!isation between strong acids
and strong alkalis.

14) "The higher the nurl1ber of carbon atoms per molecule: the higher is the heat of cornbustionll
I
Describe a laboratory experiment to prove that the above statement is true by using methanol,
ethanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-o1 and pentan-1-ol.

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