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Skarga High School of Putusk. The relationship among the time spent commuting to school and a quality of sleep.
Teacher: Mrs Matysiak Class: 3a Date: October 22nd, 2012 Names: Adam Anglart Magda Radka Kamila Sosnowska
1. Investigation methods and sample Information was gathered among high school students. In Warsaw the sample consisted of students of Copernicus Bilingual High School of Warsaw, while in Putusk of students of Piotr Skarga High School of Putusk. The research was conducted by picking randomly thirty students from each school. Students were chosen from different classes and years. The number of students chosen from one class was proportional to number of classes. Hence, both samples can represent average data and as they were not a part of particular class or group, they can serve as approximate data in comparison to whole population of both schools. In order to obtain the exact value of distance between school and home of interviewees we asked them for their addresses and, using Google Maps, determined that distance. Students were also questioned about the time required to commute to school, mean of transport they use, the time they wake up and whether they are satisfied with the amount of sleep they have.
2. Raw data
Table 1
Warsaw
Putusk
No.
[km]
[min]
[kmph]
va
mt
F F F T T T T U, T B, T U, T B U, T T, B T U, B C U, T B C B bike T C B T B, T B B, T C C, B
[hh:mm:ss]
tw
[y/n]
[km]
[min]
[kmph]
va
mt
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F C F F F C B B C B M C C B B
[hh:mm:ss]
tw
[y/n]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
0,2 0,6 2 3 4 5,6 5,9 6 6,4 6,4 7 7,7 8 8,7 9,4 9,7 10 11 11,2 12,3 12,9 13,5 13,7 14,2 14,6 15 16 16,8 17 41,8
2 12 30 15 20 18 26 25 30 30 25 25 50 34 20 30 50 36 16 26 47 40 16 40 44 50 25 52 28 80
6,00 3,00 4,00 12,00 12,00 18,67 13,62 14,40 12,80 12,80 16,80 18,48 9,60 15,35 28,20 19,40 12,00 18,33 42,00 28,38 16,47 20,25 51,38 21,30 19,91 18,00 38,40 19,38 36,43 31,35
07:30:00 07:10:00 06:45:00 07:00:00 06:40:00 07:05:00 06:40:00 06:35:00 06:40:00 06:45:00 06:50:00 06:30:00 06:00:00 06:10:00 07:00:00 06:40:00 06:15:00 06:20:00 07:10:00 06:50:00 06:05:00 06:00:00 06:50:00 06:15:00 06:15:00 06:00:00 06:35:00 06:00:00 06:40:00 05:20:00
N Y Y Y Y N N Y N N N Y N N Y N Y Y Y N N N Y Y N N N Y Y N
0,1 0,2 0,2 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,2 1,5 1,5 2 2 2,3 2,4 3,4 5,6 6 6 6,5 7,5 8 10 14 16
2 3 3 5 8 8 11 10 7 10 12 15 15 15 18 17 5 20 20 25 8 15 10 10 15 8 13 17 20 30
3,00 4,00 4,00 4,80 3,75 3,75 3,82 4,20 6,86 4,80 4,00 3,60 3,60 4,80 5,00 5,29 24,00 6,00 6,90 5,76 25,50 22,40 36,00 36,00 26,00 56,25 36,92 35,29 42,00 32,00
07:40:00 07:35:00 07:25:00 07:00:00 07:40:00 07:25:00 06:30:00 07:20:00 05:20:00 07:00:00 07:10:00 07:00:00 07:20:00 07:10:00 07:00:00 06:50:00 07:20:00 07:00:00 06:20:00 06:40:00 07:00:00 07:20:00 07:15:00 07:30:00 06:40:00 07:00:00 06:45:00 06:45:00 06:30:00 06:40:00
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y N Y Y N Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
mt mean of transport (F - on foot, U - underground, T - tram, C - car, B - bus, M - motorbike) tw time of waking up, s Are you satisfied with your sleep? (Y yes, N no)
3. Processed data The tables showing a processed collected data in both cities.
Table 2
Warsaw 1. mean: Putusk
2. minimum:
3. maximum:
4. median: distance
7. standard deviation:
Table 3
average time
Warsaw
Putusk
06:33:10 by bus: 11 by tram: 15 by underground: 5 (by public transport: 22) by car: 5 by motorbike: 0 by bike: 1 on foot: 3 (mode = by tram) 16 x No 14 x Yes (mode = no)
07:00:20 by bus: 5 by tram: 0 by underground: 0 (by public transport: 5) by car: 5 by motorbike: 1 by bike: 0 on foot: 19 (mode = on foot) 4 x No 26 x Yes (mode = yes)
means of transport
4. Conclusions
Putusk Average time (minutes) 0
Chart 1
Warsaw
Warsaw
12.5 31.4 20
3.45 10.35 0 5 10 15
The average distance between home and school is greater in Warsaw than in Putusk [chart 2], mostly because Warsaw is considerably bigger. Moreover, it is more often for students in the capital city to choose their school by the quality of education, with disregard to the distance from home, whereas students in Putusk tend to choose their school according to required travelling distance. That is why students from Warsaw are more eager to devote more time to commute to school [chart 1].
mean of transport
Chart 3
Furthermore, Warsaw provides variety of means of transport. We can see the impact of an extensive communication network in big cities and its lack in smaller ones. Traveling by tram or underground is impossible in a small town like Putusk. The average speed in Warsaw is greater
[chart 4],
which is caused by the fact that people in Putusk generally travel on foot, while students in
30
30
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 distance [km]
0 0 5 10 distance [km] 15 20
Chart 5
Chart 6
Table 4
C
Warsaw dw [km] f
10 13 6 0 0 1
dp [km]
f
20 2 5 1 1 1
Cumulative frequency
20 22 27 28 29 30
1 2 3 4 5 6
As it was mentioned before, students from Putusk are mostly commuting to school by foot. It is not so surprising, especially taking into consideration the fact that exactly two-thirds of interviewees from Putusk have to cover less than 3 kilometres [chart 6, table 4]. Choosing other mean of transport for such a short distance seems to be just either impractical or uneconomic. On the other hand, there are Warsaw students, who have to cover much longer distances than students from Putusk. As many as 7 kilometres (two-thirds of Warsaw interviewees have to cover at least such a distance [chart 5, table 4]) is too much for commuting by foot and it is worth mentioning that not all of students from Warsaw have a possibility to be given a lift, for example, by parents. That is why the best option for them is to commute to school by public transport [chart 3].
The standard deviation of data concerning distance [table 2] collected in Warsaw ( a higher value than the one calculated from data based on the survey from Putusk (
).
has
This is
due to the fact that houses in Warsaw are much more dispersed from the school, while in Putusk they are approximately the same distance away from the school, and the number of exceptions is lower.
Chart 7
distance [km]
The distance between outliers is greater in the diagram representing the results from Warsaw than the one with the data from Putusk, hence the range obtained in the study concerning Warsaw is larger. Nevertheless, boxes (interquartile ranges) in both diagrams have similar length, which indicates that the spread of the data around the central values is congruous. In both cases, the charts tilt to the left, which means that the majority of data has a lower value than the one in half the distance between the maximum and minimum. Furthermore, in the first diagram, the median is close to the center of the box, while in the second diagram, the median is visibly located on the left side of the box. It gives us the information that the data from Warsaw is evenly distributed around the median, and the results from Putusk tend to value more than the median.
Yes No
Yes No
Chart 9
Chart 8
Students attending the school in Putusk are much more satisfied with the quality of th eir sleep than their peers from Copernicus High School [chart 8, 9]. This is partly due to the fact that they spend on average less time to travel from house to school every morning. Young people from Putusk can
afford to sleep for longer than students from Warsaw, hence their contentment turns out to be greater. Our study also showed that they are less hurried in the mornings (they wake up about half an hour later than students from Warsaw [table 3]). Of course, the outcome of the survey is also influenced by factors such as the amount of time spent on learning, extracurricular activities and the level of stress, which are not included in our study.