Facilitating Nanotechnology Knowledge Management Partnerships: A Case Study on Nano Material Based Solar Cells

By

H. Purushotham
Centre for Knowledge Management of Nanoscience & Technology(CKMNT) (A Project of ARCI, Dept. of Science & Technology, Govt. of India)
email: purushotham@ckmnt.com

Nano Energy Seminar 12-13 August 2013 Organised by

Vision
Become a state-of-the-art one stop global nanoscience and technology knowledge centre and network seamlessly all the nano stake holders.

Objectives
Generation of Knowledge Databases Newsletter Techno-Commercial/ Market Research Reports Technology Monitoring Services Patent & Literature Search and Analysis Technology Briefs Strategic Inputs to Nano Mission

Top ten countries in terms of number of publications in 2012

Growth of Indian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Publications and Patents

6000 5000 4000 3000 2516 1931 1413 971 1000 0 355 394 7 6 553 11 821 17 18 32 53 65 Patents 111 153 266 310 Publications 3623 2987 4762 4911

2000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Technology Reports
Regulatory Frame Work Guidelines and Best Practices Nano-Sensors Nano-Copper Sliver-SilicaSilicon Oil Nano-ZnO Composite Directory

Publications of CKMNT

Line process for CIGS PV cell and R&D focus at ARCI

Mo back contact

CIG deposition CIGS ink printing CIGS by electrodeposition

H2Se/Se treatment Flash light treatment Flash light treatment

CdS buffer

i-ZnO

ZnO:Al front contact

Performanc e testing

ARCIs R&D focus

Objectives
Development of easy and cost effective preparation route for efficient CIGS thin film solar cell

Substrates: Soda lime glass, polyimide & Stainless steel

Pilot scale R&D facility for CIGS thin film solar cell on 30 cm x 30 cm substrate at ARCI
1
2 3
SN 1 2 3 4 5 Equipments Sputter coater Se evaporation-RTP CBD system Scribing equipment Substrate cleaning

6
7 8

Laminator
I-V testing system Environmental chamber XRF

CRYSTALLINE SILICON (1st Generation) THIN FILM (2nd Generation)

Semi conducting material that produces electricity Method of manufacturing Efficiency Cost Advantage Disadvantage Poly silicon Cadmium Telluride, Copper-IndiumGallium-Selenide or amorphous silicon Semi conducting material coated on either glass or flexible substrate 11-12 per cent 50-55 cents per watt Performs better in hot climatic zones such as India Lower efficiency, therefore requires larger area MW SOLAR POWERS GERMANY ITALY USA

Poly silicon waters cut into cells and strung together to make modules 16-17 per cent 60-65 cents per watt Established technology, in existence for over 35 year Temperature degradation higher, efficiency drops in hot conditions

The Solar States

850 mw
Gujarat

201 mw
Rajasthan

20 mw
Maharashtra

17 mw
Tamil Nadu

16 mw
Jharkhand

15.9 GW
AUSTRALIA

5.9 GW
INDIA

30.1 GW

1.7 GW

1.2 GW

PV technologies available to date and their efficiencies

PV Solar Technology Research Period Devoted (Yrs)
~70 ~50 ~30 ~30 ~20

Highest Efficiency Reported for Lab Scale Devices (%)

~26 ~18 ~12 ~39 19.9 16.5 ~12

Efficiency Range for Large Area Solar Panels

18~24 12~17 5~8 -----10-13 8-10 ~5-6

1 (a) Mono-Crystalline Si (b) Multi-Crystalline Si (c) Amorphous Si 2 III-V Compounds 3 CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) Thin Film Solar Cells 4 CdTe Based Thin Film Solar Cells 5 Dye Sensitised Solar Cells

6 Organic Solar Cells Based on ~10 ~3-6 ----Conducting Polymers Source: I.M. Dharmadasa, Solar Energy Symposium, July 2009 Colombo, Sri Lanka

A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells Patents Analysis Patents Search Strategy

Search String: (((solar or photovoltaic* or Grtzel* or "photo-voltaic*") and (cell* or device* or battery*) and (nano* or "quantum dot*" or "quantum well" or "quantum-dot*"))) AND DP>=(20020101) AND DP<=(20121231); Period: January 01, 2002 to December 31, 2012 Coverage: Title, Abstract and Claims of the patents

Database: Thomson Innovation which covers 90+ patent authorities

Results: 10279 Patents

A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells cells Patents Analysis A CASE STUDY: Solar Patents Analysis
Growth of patents on nanotechnology based solar cells (10279)
3500

No. of Patent Publications

Nanowire based solar cell (2005)

3000
Conceptualization of Q.D. Solar Cell (2000)

Quantum dot solar cells (2006)

Plasmonic Photovoltaics (2008)

3106 2512

2500 2000 1500 1000 500

1530

994

657 447

120 2002

160

175 2004

254

324

0 2000

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Years

A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells cells Patents Analysis A CASE STUDY: Solar Patents Analysis
Global Patent trends on nanotechnology based solar cells (2002-2012)

Granted Patents, 3848, 22%

Published Patents, 13758, 78%

A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells Patents Analysis

Segmentation of Patents Based on Use of Nanotechnology in Various Solar Cell Comonents
Electrolyte, 3% (308)
Electrode: Photoelectrode, Photocathode, Antireflective Layer/ Coating, Anode, Conducting Transparent Substrate/ Layer

Medium, 35% (3598)

Electrode, 62% (6373)

A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells Patents Analysis

Source: Nanotech Insights, Oct 2010

A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells cells Patents Analysis A CASE STUDY: Solar Patents Analysis
Segementation of Solar Cells Based on Types of Nanomaterials (2002-2012)
Others*, 7%, (720) Quantum Dot, 12%, (1233)

Dye-sensitized, 33%, (3392)

Organic/Polymer, 10%, (1028)

Amorphus, 9%, (925)

Nanowires/ Nanotubes based solar cells, 5%, (514) Thin Film, 24%, (2467)

* Plasmonic Solar Cells, Device or Add-Ons or Concentrators

A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells Patents Analysis

3000 Distribution of prority countries for nanotechnology based solar cells (2002-2012)

2830
2407

No. of Patent Publications

2500 2000

1500
1000 500 0 33

Others : Mexico, Finland, Russia, Israel, Netherlands, Singapore, Brazil, Sweden etc. 332 368

1492

1604

723 43 73 158 216

Countries

A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells cells Patents Analysis A CASE STUDY: Solar Patents Analysis
Patent Publication of Top 10 Assignees (2002-2012)
IBM
GEN ELECTRIC UNIV FUDAN DU PONT SONY CORP IND TECH RES INST KONICA MINOLTA HOLDINGS INC UNIV CALIFORNIA FUJIFILM CORP SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

Assignee/Applicants

49 53 54 56 62 63 76 76 80

156
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

No. of Patent Publications

A CASE STUDY: Solar Cells cells Patents Analysis A CASE STUDY: Solar Patents Analysis
Distribution of patents by indian assignees in nanotechnology based solar cells (2002-2012)
JNCASR COIMBATORE INST TECHNOLOGY BHEl IIT MOSER BAER INDIA LTD INDIAN ASSOC CULTIVATION SCI HONEYWELL INT INC Individuals CSIR 0

1 1 1
2 2 2 2 9 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Assignees

No. of Patent Publications

Cluster Mapping of Plasmonic Solar Cells

Plasmonic (AND)= plasmonic and nano Nano (OR)= nano or quantom dot or quantum well Device (OR)= Device or cell or battery Photovoltaic (OR)= photovolataic or solar

A CASE STUDY: Solar cells Patents Analysis Conclusions

CKMNT matured to offer wide ranging KM services in all areas of NS & NT Patenting activity is growing across the globe (104% growth from 2010 to 2012) Leading countries are USA, China, Japan, South Korea Nanomaterials are used in electrodes (62%), medium 32% and electrolyte 3% Samsung electronics is on the top of 10 assignees Nanomaterials are used in Dye sensitised solar cells (33%), Thin films (24%), Quantum Dots (12%) Plasmonic solar cells, a promising 3rd generation technology has the potential to offer 95% efficiency by using entire spectrum of sunlight (UV, Visible, IR)