CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methodology which has been briefly introduced in chapter 1. In detail this chapter covers the method, research design, population, sample, research instrument, research procedure, technique of data collection, technique of data analysis, and testing hypothesis.

3.1 The Method of the Research The aim of this research is to find out the effect of using media pictures on the students' vocabulary. In conducting this research, the writer uses preexperimental method.

3.2. The Research Desi ! The sample in this research consists of one class that is class four in primary school !"# $ %isang&al'. This sample uses media pictures to improve their vocabulary. To &now the students' ability in vocabulary before learning process the writer will give the sample a pre-test. To &now the students' improvement in vocabulary after learning process the writer gives the sample the post-test.

3.3 The Po"#$atio! a!d Sa%"$e 3.2.1. Po"#$atio!

$(

!ugiyono $(11)*(' states that population is a region which consists of ob+ects or sub+ects which have certain qualities and characteristics set by the researchers to learn and then withdrawn the result. The population of this research was the students of !"# %isang&al $. 3.3.2. Sa%"$e !ugiyono $(11)*1' states that sample is a part of the number and characteristics possessed by the population. The writer ta&es the sample in the fourth grade of !"# %isang&al $, it consisted of ,1 student.

3.&. The Research I!str#%e!ts Three types of instruments used in this study are) pre-test, treatment and post-test. 1. -re-test It is used to detect or measure the students' s&ills in vocabulary after the matter are distributed before any treatment. $. Treatment It is intended to determine how much the influence of use of media picture toward mastery of vocabulary. It consists of 1( pictures, and the students have to answer 1( questions based on the given picture. The photos comes with instructions, it aims to ma&e it easier for students to answer the questions. ,. -ost test

It is used to detect or measure the students' s&ills in vocabulary after the treatment. This test aims to determine whether there is a significant improvement of students vocabulary after applying the treatment using media picture. Test measurement is said well if it has good validity and reliability.
1. .alidity of the test

It is measurement that shows the validity of instrument. It is counted using product moment formula)

#otice) n x y ) number of students ) number of each item score ) number of total score

The resulting validity coefficient, further interpreted using the following criteria ) (,(( (, $( (, $( (, /( (,/( (,2( (,*( (,*( 1,(( very low 0ow

1nough 3igh .ery high

2. 4eliability of the Test

This research used 5uder 4ichardson-$( 54-$(' method to anali6e reliability of instrument.

#otice) 5 ) !um of question item ) -roportion of sub+ects who answer right 7 q ) -roportion of sub+ects who answer wrong

!$

.ariance total

3.'. The Research Proced#re 8efore the researcher conducts the research, there are some steps that should be done by the researcher, and the steps are as follows.
1.

9s&ing the administration of !T5I- to get a letter of permission for conducting the research.

2.

9s&ing permission to the 3eadmaster of !"# %isang&al $ for conducting the research.

3.

9s&ing the 1nglish teacher to get a permission to conduct the research in her class.

4.

:iving pre-test to students. %onsisting of 1( questions, and the students have to match those questions with the answers given.

5. 6.

:iving the treatment applying 1( pictures :iving post-test in order to find out the result of teaching vocabulary by using media picture.

7. 8. 9.

%ollecting the data from pretest and posttest. 9naly6ing the data collected from pretest and posttest. Testing 3ypothesis.

10. ;a&ing conclusion of the data analysis.

3.(.The Tech!i)#e of Co$$ecti! the Data In this research, the researcher uses participant observation as a technique of data collection. !ugiyono $(11)1/<' states that =in this observation, researchers are involved the daily activities of the ob+ects being observed or being used as a source of research data. >hile performing the observations, the researcher is involved in what is done by the source data.

9ccording to the statement above the researcher has to participate with the ob+ect she is investigating to get the detail of the data.

3.*. The Tech!i)#e of A!a$i+i! the Data In technique of data analysis, the writer used 0illiefors test as a normality test. If the data are normal parametric', the researcher have to use T-Test. 8ut, if the data are not normal non-parametric', the researcher have to use >ilcoxon test. To measure the reliability of the tests, it can be estimated by using the formula of 0illiefors as normality test. 9ccording to !undayana $(1()*/'= steps of 0illiefors test= as follows. a. to compute the average and the standard deviation of the score. b. 9rrange the data from the smallest to the biggest on the table.

X=
c. %hange the values of x in values 6 with formula

d. To compute the large of 6 using table 6? e. "etermine the data proportion values which smaller or equal with that data? f. To compute the difference of large 6 with the values of proportion. g. "etermine the maximum large 0 max' ta&en from biggest large of part of f? h. "ecide the large table of 0illiefors 0 tabel '? 0tabel 7 0 n-I'? i. %riteria of normality) if 0 max @ 0 table so the data are normal. 1xplanation)

n7 #umber of data 07 0arge of data A7 9verage of x A7 .alue of each sample data B7 Transpormation from value of x, to identify the normality using 0illiefors lest !7 !tandard deviations 7 degree of confidence
T-Test Two !amples "ependent paired test'

9ccording to !undayana $(1()1$2' the formula of the paired sample t-test parametrict test', the formula is) tobserved 7 xdiC!di #ote ) # 7 sum of data Adi 7 pre and posttest diversity average. !di 7 !tandard deviation of diversuty Dn 7 average of n di 7 diversity pre and post test >iloxon test ) If both of distributions of the data present and posttest show non parametric result or one of distributions show non parametric result, it can be estimated by using the formula of >ilixon test as a way to prove the hypothesis. 9ccording to !undayana $(1()1,(' E !teps of >iloxon testF as follows.
a. To formulate the hypothesi

b. To calculate the dispute value of every data c. To decide transpormation value of the data possitive, negative or 6ero' d. To decide the ran& to the result of the third step, the smallest data is given

first ran& until the highest data.

e. !eparate positive value of ran& and negative value of ran&, then calculate it. f. To decide the statistics >ilixon value that given >count with choosing the

smallest ran& value.

g. If the sum of data G $< data, compare >count and >table , criteria) accept

3o if >count H >table
h. If sum of data H $< data, we can use by using normal distribution

approaching, so we can use transpormation of 6 by formula) 9ccording to !undayana $(1() 1,1' the formula of paired sample >ilixon test non-parametric test', the formula is) Bcount 7 >count >count 7 Transpormation from 6 n 7 !um of data

3., Testi! H-"othesis 9 hypothesis is certainly one of the important aspects of the research process. 9s defined by !ur+a&usumah $(1$) 1(' hypothesis is a prediction about

the relationship among variables which not only was testable, but also repeatedly was tested against data. 9s explained above, that all of the collecting process and analy6ing the data is purposed to test the hypothesis. The hypothesis of this research says =Is there any significant influence of using media pictures in 1nglish vocabulary=