PROJECT REPORT ON

ENGINE AUTO-IGNITION USING FINGURE PRINT

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION) By ADMANE AMIT S.(ROLL NO. 404137) BHALERAO PRAKASH S.(ROLL NO. 404141) GONDIKAR ABHIJIT N.(ROLL NO. 404177)

Under the guidance of PROF - M. A. MULE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JA!AHARLAL NEHRU ENGINEERING COLLEGE" AURANGABAD #013-14

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled ENGINE AUTO-IGNITION USING FINGURE PRINT

Submitted by
Admane Amit S.(Roll No.404137 !"ale#ao P#a$a%" S.(Roll No.404141 Gondi$a# A&"i'it N. (Roll No.404177

Is completed as per the requirements of the Dr. Babasaheb Amedkar Marathwada University, Auran abad In partial fulfillment of the De ree of Bachelor of !n ineerin "!lectronics and #elecommunication$ for the academic year %&'()'*.

"Prof. M.A.Muley)
GUIDE

(Prof. J.G. Rana) "EAD OF DEPARTMENT

2

(Dr. S.D. Desh u!h) PRIN#IPA$

A#%NO&$EDGEMENT

Before we et into the thick of thin s, we present our wholehearted compliments, with hi her re ards and warm thanks to one and all, who were the bone behind the sinews of this pro+ect. ,e ive all lory and honor to Almi hty -od whose blessin s and help made this endeavor a success. ,e wish to e.press our sincere thanks to our /rincipal, Dr. S.D. Desh u!h, for providin an opportunity to undertake this pro+ect. ,e hereby acknowled e our sincere thanks to Prof. J.G. Rana, our 0.1.D. for his invaluable remarks and supervision in completin this pro+ect work successfully. Also we would like to e.press our boundless thanks and ratitude to Prof. M.A.Muley , and 2ecturers in !3! Dept. for their valuable uidance and su estions in the whole course of our pro+ect activity. It would be unfair if we do not mention the invaluable contribution and timely co)operation e.tended by staff members of our dept. ,e would like to thank our Institution without which this pro+ect would have been a distant reality. ,e also e.tend our heartfelt thanks to our family and well)wishers. 4ot the least, but the most, we are rateful to all the 5 th semester students of this institution, our beloved companions for the inspiration and the co)operation they have shown at all levels of our work.

B$
ADMANE AMIT S.(ROLL NO. 404137) BHALERAO PRAKASH S.(ROLL NO. 404141) GONDIKAR ABHIJIT N.(ROLL NO. 404177)

"Prof. M.A.Muley)

(Prof. J.G. Rana)

3

(Dr. S.D. Desh u!h)

GUIDE

"EAD OF DEPARTMENT

PRIN#IPA$

PROJE#T REPORT ON

ENGINE AUTO-IGNITION USING FINGURE PRINT

ABSTRACT:

#here are number of thieves present that breaks the lock of the and tries to steal the car. By takin this thin in our mind we have desi ned such a device which will more secure and no one will steal the car. #here is a fi ure sensin module connected to the en ine i nition the 6i ht user will press thumb on it after that instantly en ine will start for the drive but if unknown person will tries to start the en ine by another way or by pressin thumb on it the system will turn on the bu77er which is connected to the micro)controller. #hen user et alert and can save his car from the thieve by hearin the sound of that bu77er. #he microcontroller does the above +ob. It receives the si nals from the sensors, and this si nal is operated under the control of software which is stored in 61M.

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. PAGE NO. 1.

8

TITLE INTRODUCTION

2. DESCRIPTION
%.' %.'.' %.'.% %.'.( %.'.*

BLOCK DIAGRAM
'&)'9 Block dia ram /ower supply fin er print module :8;<% Microcontroller 6elay Driver 3ircuit '& '' '')'% '( '* '< '5 '9

%.'.* '5=% Alpha numeric display %.'.< D.3 motor %.'.5 Bu77er

'.

#IR#UIT DES#RIPTION
(.' 3ircuit dia ram (.% Descriptions ': '8)%&

4.
%'

LIST OF COMPONENTS

5. DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPONENTS USED

<.' Microcontroller A#:8;<% %( <.% 2M 9:&< <.( 6elay circuit <.* ;M)5(& >in er print module <.< '5=% 23D unit %* %* %* %*)%5

(.

SOFT&ARE USED
5.' ?eil 5.% or3Ad schematic for system /3B connections.

%9)%: %9)%: %8 (&

).

F$O& #"ART

*.

P#+ FA+RI#ATION

(')(<

,.

#ON#$USION

(5)(:

-..

REFEREN#ES

*&

LIST OF FIGURES
'. Block Dia ram of 3ircuit %. >in er print scanner (. Micro controller :8;<% chip *. Drivin circuit for relay <. 23D Module 5. D.3. Motor 9. Bu77er :. Main circuit dia ram 8. or3AD schemetic for /3B layout '&. >21w chart '& '% '( '< '5 '5 '9 ': %8 (&

A//re01a21ons A/I BA; D;/ !3M 2I4 6#6 6#; ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Application /eripheral Interface Biometric Authentication ;ystem Di ital ;i nal /rocessor !n ine 3ontrol Module 2ocal Inter)connect 4etwork 6eady to 6eceive 6eady to ;end

-. INTRODU#TION

Pro3e42 212le 1s 5 ENGINE AUTO-IGNITION USING FINGURE PRINT

Modern automobile security which includes the remote key less entry systems that are found on modern cars can be easily deceived by professional thieves. #hieves with a little electronic know) how can crack the security code in some car keys within a span of time usin speciali7ed but ine.pensive home)made decoders. Biometric based security systems are proven to be much safer and reliable when compared with remote key)less entry systems. Biometrics, which uses physiolo ical or behavioral characteristics to determine or verify an individual@s identity, makes the system more secure a ainst theft. 2iterature reports various biometric personal identity authentication techniques used in vehicles such as retina, fin erprint, face, voice etc. and finds fin erprint technique to be most appropriate for low cost and hi h security applications. #he biometric authentication system has been desi ned as the e.tra barrier between the key system and !3M which controls the i nition. #hree security modes have been implemented which provides easy access to the vehicle for the authori7ed user. A fin erprint sensor has been used to enroll and identify users. In case of biometric sensor failure, a provision has been made for password authentication. Also a secure 2I4 network has been assi ned between BA; and !3M for communication. A warnin is also raised when an unauthori7ed person swipes over the biometric sensor. By implementin BA;, the car is undoubtedly more secured than remote key)less entry systems. #he fin erprint sensor which has a #rue >in er printed
9

technolo y dynamically measures the properties of fin er skin placed on the sensor while the fin er is bein scanned. #his also ensures that only real fin erprints are read by convertin the properties of skin into di ital data. #he BA; also provides the hi hest security as it communicates with the !3M only with the ri ht key and enrolled user are available.

6. +$O#% DIAGRAM DES#RIPTION

2.1 Block diagram

BUAA!6

10

U;!6 I4#!6>A3! ;,I#30!;

/1,!6 ;U//2B U4I#

#he basic block dia ram of the en ine auto)i nition usin fin er print is shown in the above fi ure. Mainly this block dia ram consists of the followin essential blocks.
11

'. /ower ;upply %. ;M)(5& >in er print module (. A#:8;<% micro)controller *. 6elay driver circuit <. '5 . % Alphanumeric Display 5. D.3. Motor 9. Bu77er

6.-.- Po7er Su88ly90ere we used C'%D and C<D dc power supply. #he main function of this block is to provide the required amount of volta e to essential circuits. C'%D is iven to relay driver. #o et the C<D dc power supply we have used here I3 9:&<, which provides the C<D dc re ulated power supply.

6.-.6 F1n:er 8r1n2

o;ule9-

;M)5(& back round hi hli ht optical fin erprint verification module is the latest release of Mia.is Biometrics 3o., 2td. It consists of optical fin erprint sensor, hi h /erformance D;/ processor and >lash. It boasts of functions such as fin erprint lo in, fin erprint deletion, fin erprint verification, fin erprint upload, fin erprint download, etc. 3ompared to products of similar nature, ;M5(& en+oys the followin unique featuresE

< Self-8ro8r1e2ary In2elle42ual Pro8er2y 1ptical fin erprint collection device, module hardware and fin erprint al orithm are all self)developed by Mia.is.
12

< "1:h A;a82a21on 2o F1n:er8r1n2s ,hen readin applied to wider public. < $o7 #os2 Module adopts Mia.is@ optical fin erprint collection device, which dramatically lowers the overall cost. < Al:or12h 712h E=4ellen2 Perfor an4e ;M)5(& module al orithm is specially desi ned accordin to the ima e eneration theory of the optical fin erprint collection device. It has e.cellent correction F tolerance to deformed and poor)quality fin erprint. < Easy 2o Use an; E=8an; User does not have to have professional know)how in fin erprint verification. User can easily develop powerful fin erprint verification application systems based on the rich collection of controllin command provided by ;M5(& module. All the commands are simple, practical and easy for development. < $o7 Po7er #onsu 821on 1peration current G:&mA, specially ood for battery power occasions. fin erprint ima es, it has self)adaptive parameter ad+ustment mechanism, which improves ima in quality for both dry and wet fin ers. It can Be

>in er)print scanner.

6.-.' M14ro-8ro4essor AT*,S>69#he A#:8;<% is a low)power, hi h)performance 3M1; :)bit micro)

13

controller with :? bytes of in)system pro rammable >lash memory. #he device is manufactured usin Atmel@s hi h)density nonvolatile memory technolo y and is compatible with the industry) standard :&3<' instruction set and pin out. #he on)chip >lash allows the pro ram memory to be repro rammed in) system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro rammer. By combinin a versatile :)bit 3/U with in)system pro rammable >lash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel A#:8;<% is a powerful micro)controller which provides a hi hly)fle.ible and cost)effective solution to many embedded control applications. #he A#:8;<% provides the followin standard featuresE :? bytes of >lash, %<5 bytes of 6AM, (% IH1 lines, ,atchdo timer, two data pointers, three '5)bit timerHcounters, a si.)vector two)level interrupt architecture, a full duple. serial port, on)chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the A#:8;<% is desi ned with static lo ic for operation down to 7ero frequency and supports two software selectable power savin modes. #he Idle Mode stops the 3/U while allowin the 6AM, timerHcounters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functionin . #he /ower)down mode saves the 6AM con)tents but free7es the oscillator, disablin all other chip functions until the ne.t interrupt or hardware reset.

Micro)controller :&<% chip

6.-.? Relay Dr10er #1r4u129-

14

#his block has the potential to drive the various controlled devices. In this block mainly we are usin the transistor and the relays. 1ne relay driver circuit we are usin to control the li ht. 1utput si nal from A#:8;<% is iven to the base of the transistor, which ener i7es the particular relay, because of this, appropriate device is selected and which performs its allotted function. 6elays are components which allow a low)power circuit to switch a relatively hi h current on and off, or to control si nals that must be electrically isolated from the controllin circuit itself. 4ewcomers to electronics sometimes want to use a relay for this type of application, but are unsure about the details of doin so. #o make a relay operate, you have to pass a suitable pull)in and holdin current "D3$ throu h its ener i7in coil. And enerally relay coils are desi ned to operate from a particular supply volta e often '%D or <D, in the case of many of the small relays used for electronics work. In each case the coil has a resistance which will draw the ri ht pull)in and holdin currents when it is connected to that supply volta e. ;o the basic idea is to choose a relay with a coil desi ned to operate from the supply volta e we are usin for your control circuit"and with contacts capable of switchin the currents you want to control$, and then provide a suitable relay driver circuit so that your low)power circuitry can control the current throu h the relay@s coil. #ypically this will be somewhere between %<mA and 9&mA. 1ften your relay driver can be very simple, usin little more than an 4/4 or /4/ transistor to control the coil current. All your low)power circuitry has to do is provide enou h base current to turn the transistor on and off, as you can see from dia rams A and B. In A, 4/4 transistor I' "say a B3((9 or B3((:$ is bein used to control a relay "62B'$ with a '%D coil, operatin from a C'%D supply. ;eries base resistor 6' is used to set the base current for I', so that the transistor is driven into saturation "fully turned on$ when the relay is to be ener i7ed. #hat way, the transistor will have minimal volta e drop, and hence dissipate very little power as well as deliverin most of the'%D to the relay coil.

15

Drivin circuit for relay

6.-.> -( = 6 Al8hanu er14 D1s8lay9Alphanumeric displays are used in a wide ran e of applications, includin palmtop computers, word processors, photocopiers, point of sale terminals, medical instruments, cellular phones, etc. #he '5 . % intelli ent alphanumeric dot matri. displays is capable of displayin %%* different characters and symbols. A full list of the characters and symbols is printed on pa es 9H: "note these symbols can vary between brand of 23D used$. #his booklet provides all the technical specifications for connectin the unit, which requires a sin le power supply "C<v$. Available as an optional e.tra is the ;erial 23D >irmware, which allows serial control of the display. #his option provides much easier connection and use of the 23D module. #he firmware enables micro)controllers "and micro)controller based systems such as the "/I3AJ!$ to visually output user instructions or readin s onto an 23D module. All 23D commands are transmitted serially via a sin le micro)controller pin. #he firmware can also be connected to the serial port of a computer.

16

23D module

6.-.( D.#. Mo2or9A DC motor is a mechanically commutated electric motor powered from direct current "D3$. #he stator is stationary in space by definition and therefore the current in the rotor is switched by the commutator to also be stationary in space. #his is how the relative an le between the stator and rotor ma netic flu. is maintained near 8& de rees, which enerates the ma.imum torque. D3 motors have a rotatin armature windin "windin in which a volta e is induced$ but non)rotatin armature ma netic field and a static field windin "windin that produce the main ma netic flu.$ or permanent ma net. Different connections of the field and armature windin provide different inherent speedHtorque re ulation characteristics. #he speed of
17

a D3 motor can be controlled by chan in the volta e applied to the armature or by chan in the

D.3. Motor field current..

6.-.) /u@@er9A buzzer or bee er is an audio signaling device, which may e mechanical, elec!romechanical, or "ie#oelec!ric. $y"ical uses o% ee"ers include alarm devices, !imers and con%irma!ion o% u##ers and

user in"u! such as a mouse clic& or &eys!ro&e.

18

Bu77er

'. #IR#UIT DES#RIPTION

$he circui! diagram %or a ove "ro'ec! is as %ollows( '.- #1r4u12 ;1a:ra 9

3kt dia ram for fin er print based auto i nition system

19

'.6 Des4r1821ons9
0ere the fin er print module is interfaced with :&<% micro controller. 0ere the fin er print module ;M)5(& is used. #his module contains in built memory and stores the previously scanned fin er print ima es in it. >rom the ckt dia ram, we can see that there are four pins comin out from fin er print module, out of which, pin number ' and * are connected to C'&volts and round respectively. /in number % and ( are used to interface fin erprint module with :&<% micro controller. /in number % and ( are connected to pin number '& and '' of micro)controller. #hese two pins are used for communication between micro controller and fin er print module. >in er print module scans the fin er of user and matches it with previously stored fin er ima e. If the ima e matches then it sends si nal to micro controller throu h these pins and microcontroller after receivin this si nal starts the D.3. motor. #he e.ternal relay is connected to pin number (( of micro controller. After identifyin fin er print, this pin is made K14L that is at hi h volta e level causin D.3. motor to start. /in number (% of micro controller is connected to bu77er throu h a transistor i.e. an amplifier. If an un)authori7ed person tries to start the cat then the fin er print module sends a si nal that the fin er prints do not match and makes pin number (% active causin bu77er to sound. #here are three switches across pins ', % and three of micro controller. #hese are connected throu h resistors 6', 6% and 6( to the C< volts power supply. #hese switches are used to select different modes of fin er print module. #here are two modes of fin er print module

20

#here are two modes are as follows '. %. 6e istration mode User mode In first mode, i.e., the re istration mode, system communicates with hardware for creatin and maintenance of data base. #his mode can be selected usin mode switches available on system. In this mode scanner scans the ima e of thumb impression of the person and enerates its bit pattern matri. accordin to the key points in thumb eometry and then stores it in memory available in ;M)5(& Biometrics Module known as user@s space. 1nly administrator has authority to re ister the new person. In second mode, i.e., the user mode, system breaks contact with personal computer. #his mode can be selected with the same switches that are mode switches on system. In this mode system a ain scans the thumb eometry of the person makin contact with scanner for identification and start matchin with the e.istin data base maintained durin re istration mode. If system reco ni7es the person than it would rant the access and start the car or vehicle else access denied messa e would be shown on 23D and bu77er will turn 14 indicatin that an unauthori7ed person or a thief is tryin to access the car. #here are three buttons available namely, ' Identify fin er % Add fin er ( store fin er

21

#hese are, as the name indicates used for identifyin , addin or matchin and deletin of fin er prints from the fin er print scanner respectively. 3entral control unit of system is Microcontroller :&<'. 3odes for whole procedure followed by system are retuned in !mbedded 3 pro rammin ma ic is used to burn the pro ram code 0e. file. lan ua e. ?eil MicroDision( Inte rated Development !nvironment is used to compile whole pro ram and >lash

'. $IST OF #OMPONENTS

Microcontroller M A#:8;<% I3 M 9:&<)Dolta e re ulator I.3. ;M)(5& >in er print module '5=% 23D Display 6elay driver ckt #ransformer M '%)&)'%, <&& mA /reset M *.9? Disc capacitor M '&*,((/f 6eset button switch 6ectifier diode M I4*'*: #ransistor M B3 <*9, %4%%%% 6esistors '&?, %.%?, <<? /3B@s ;oldrin Bu77er un

22

?. DES#RIPTION OF T"E #OMPONENTS USED >.- M14ro4on2roller AT*,S>6

#he A#:8;<% is a low)power, hi h)performance 3M1; :)bit microcontroller with :? bytes of in)system pro rammable >lash memory. #he device is manufactured usin Atmel@s hi h)density nonvolatile memory technolo y and is compatible with the Industry)standard :&3<' instruction set and pin out. #he on)chip >lash allows the pro ram memory to be repro rammed in system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro) rammar. By combinin a versatile :)bit 3/U with in)system pro rammable >lash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel A#:8;<% is a powerful microcontroller which provides a hi hly)fle.ible and cost) effective solution to many embedded control applications. #he A#:8;<% provides the followin standard featuresE :? bytes of >lash, %<5 bytes of 6AM, (% IH1 lines, ,atchdo timer, two data pointers, three '5)bit timerHcounters, a si.)vector two)level interrupt architecture, a full duple. serial port, on)chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the A#:8;<% is desi ned with static lo ic for operation down to 7ero frequency and supports two software selectable power savin modes. #he Idle Mode stops the 3/U while allowin the 6AM, timerHcounters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functionin . #he /ower)down mode saves the 6AM contents but free7es the oscillator, disablin all other chip functions until the ne.t interrupt or hardware reset.

23

FEATURES9 : ?B 6epro rammable flash.

(% /ro rammable IH1 lines. '5 bit #imerH3ounterN(. : Interrupt sources. /ower ran eE *D M <.<D !ndurance E '&&& ,rites H !rase cycles >ully static operationE & 07 to (( M07 #hree level pro ram memory lock /ower off fla >ull duple. UA6# serial channel 2ow power idle and power down modes Interrupt recovery from power down modes %<5 ?B internal 6AM Dual data pointer

6.6 $M)*.> (Aol2a:e Re:ula2or) Des4r1821on9

#he ?A9:JJH?A9:JJA series of three)terminal positive re ulator are available in the #1) %%&HD)/A? packa e and with several fi.ed output volta es, makin them useful in a wide ran e of applications. !ach type employs internal current limitin , thermal shut down and safe operatin area protection, makin it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinkin is provided, they can deliver over 'A output current. Althou h desi ned primarily as fi.ed volta e 6e ulators, these devices can be used with e.ternal components to obtain ad+ustable volta es and currents.

24

Fea2ures9
1utput 3urrent up to 'A 1utput Dolta es of <, 5, :, 8, '&, '%, '<, ':, %*D #hermal 1verload /rotection ;hort 3ircuit /rotection 1utput #ransistor ;afe 1peratin Area /rotection

>.' RE$AB #IR#UIT9

A sin le pole dabble throw ";/D#$ relay is connected to port 6B' of the microcontroller throu h a driver transistor. #he relay requires '% volts at a current of around '&&ma, which cannot be provided by the microcontroller. ;o the driver transistor is added. #he relay is used to operate the e.ternal solenoid formin part of a lockin device or for operatin any other electrical devices. 4ormally the relay remains off. As soon as pin of the microcontroller oes hi h, the relay operates and releases. Diode D% is the standard diode on a mechanical relay to prevent back !M> from dama in I( when the relay releases.

>.? SM-'(. FINGER PRINT MODU$E9

;M)5(& back round hi hli ht optical fin erprint verification module is the latest release of Mia.is Biometrics 3o., 2td. It consists of optical fin erprint sensor, hi h /erformance D;/ processor and >lash. It boasts of functions such as fin erprint Bo in, fin erprint deletion, fin erprint verification, fin erprint upload, fin erprint download, etc. 3ompared to products of similar nature, ;M5(& en+oys the followin unique featuresE

FEATURES9 O ;elf)proprietary Intellectual /roperty

25

O 0i h Adaptation to >in erprints O 2ow 3ost O Al orithm with !.cellent /erformance O !asy to Use and !.pand O 2ow /ower 3onsumption 1peration current G:&mA

>. -( C 6 $#D Un12s

A liquid crystal display "23D$ is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color or monochrome pi.els arrayed in front of a li ht source or reflector. It is pri7ed by en ineers because it uses very small amounts of electric power, and is therefore suitable for use in battery) powered electronic devices. !ach pi.el consists of a column of liquid crystal molecules suspended between two transparent electrodes, and two polari7in filters, the a.es of polarity of which are perpendicular to each other. ,ithout the liquid crystals between them, li ht passin throu h one would be blocked by the other. #he liquid crystal twists the polari7ation of li ht enterin one filter to allow it to pass throu h the other. #he molecules of the liquid crystal have electric char es on them. By applyin small electrical char es to transparent electrodes over each pi.el or sub pi.el, the molecules are twisted by electrostatic forces. #his chan es the twist of the li ht passin throu h the molecules, and allows varyin de rees of li ht to pass "or not to pass$ throu h the polari7in filters. Before applyin an electrical char e, the liquid crystal molecules are in a rela.ed state. 3har es on the molecules cause these molecules to ali n themselves in a helical structure, or twist "the PcrystalP$. In some 23Ds, the electrode may have a chemical surface that seeds the crystal, so it crystalli7es at the needed an le. 2i ht passin throu h one filter is rotated as it passes throu h the liquid crystal,
26

allowin it to pass throu h the second polari7ed filter. A small amount of li ht is absorbed by the polari7in filters, but otherwise the entire assembly is transparent. ,hen an electrical char e is applied to the electrodes, the molecules of the liquid crystal ali n themselves parallel to the electric field, thus limitin the rotation of enterin li ht. If the liquid crystals are completely untwisted, li ht passin throu h them will be polari7ed perpendicular to the second filter, and thus be completely blocked. #he pi.el will appear unlit. By controllin the twist of the liquid crystals in each pi.el, li ht can be allowed to pass thou h in varyin amounts, correspondin ly illuminatin the pi.el.

PIN DES#RBPTION OF $#D

/I4

;BMB12 1

IH

D!;36I/#I14;

'

D;; ))

))))))

-61U4D

D33 ))

))))))

C<D /1,!6 ;U//2B

D!!

))))))) ))

/1,!6 ;U//2B #1 314#612 314#6A;# 6;Q1 #1 ;!2!3# 31MMA4D 6!-I;#!6

6;

I 6;Q' #1 ;!2!3# DA#A 6!-I;#!6

< 5 :#1 '*

6H, ! DB& #1 DB'*

I IH1 IH1

6H,Q& >16 ,6I#!,6H,Q' >16 6!AD !4AB2! : BI# DA#A BU;!;

27

#able <.' /in description of 23D

$#D #OMMAND #ODES '. :& >orce cursor to be innin to 'st line %. 3& >orce cursor to be innin to %nd line (. (: % lines and <.9 matri. *. '3 ;hift the entire display to the ri ht <. ': ;hift the entire display to the left 5. '* ;hift cursor position to ri ht 9. '& ;hift cursor position to left :. > Display on, cursor blinkin 8. ! Display on, cursor blinkin '&. 3 Display on, cursor off ''. A Display off, cursor on '%. : Display off, cursor off

28

'(. 9 ;hift display left '*. < ;hift display ri ht '<. 5 Increment cursor "shift cursor to ri ht$ '5. * Decrement cursor "shift cursor to left$ '9. % 6eturn home ':. ' 3lear display screen

>. SOFT&ARE USED9

(.- %e1l (IDE) M14roA1s1on' ?eil ;oftware development tools are used to create products for practically every industryE consumer electronics, industrial control, networkin , office automation, automotive, space e.ploration. Micro Dision #wo is a second eneration ID! that simplifies pro+ect development and application testin . ,ith Micro Dision #wo, we can easily create

29

embedded applications in a mi.ture of 3 and assembly. 6eal)time applications benefit from our hi hly optimi7ed 3 libraries and real)time kernels. MicroDision( provides a centrali7ed front)end interface for the compiler, assembler, linker, debu er, and other development tools. #he /ro+ect ,indow in MicroDision( roups, and source files that comprise our pro+ect. 6ather than displays the current tar et,

creatin a sin le tar et for each pro+ect, MicroDision%allows multiple tar ets for each pro+ect file. ;o, with a sin le pro+ect file, we can create a tar et for simulatin , a tar et for our emulator, and a production tar et for pro rammin into !/61M R!)/61MS. !ach tar et is composed of one or more roups which are in turn composed of one or more source files. -roups let us divide the source files into functional blocks or assi n source files to different team members. 1ptions may be confi ured at each level of the pro+ect. #his ives us a reat deal of freedom and fle.ibility when or ani7in our application. In addition to the on)line help, MicroDision( provides on)line versions of the development tool manuals as well as the device manuals. ?eil 3 3ompilers are based on the A4;I standard and include e.tensions necessary to support the :&<', %<', and '55 microcontroller families. #he optimi7er in our compiler is tuned for each specific architecture and provides the hi hest level of code density and e.ecution speed. #he ?eil 3 compilers ive full us control over our embedded platform. ,e decide which re ister banks are used, when to access certain memory areas, which variables are stored in bits, when and how to use special function re isters, and so on. ,ithout ever writin any assembly code we may even write interrupt service routines in 3. 3ode enerated by the ?eil 3 3ompiler compares with that of a professional assembly pro rammer. #his is due to the level of optimi7ations that are performed. optimi7ation. By analy7in which re isters are used in each function, the compiler can better optimi7e re ister usa e pro ram)wide and enerate smaller, faster pro rams. #his is accomplished by iterative compilation steps durin the make process.
30

1ne such optimi7ation is

lobal re ister

#he MicroDision( debu as efficient as possible. ,hile editin and debu

er is desi ned to make testin your pro rams in your pro rams, te.t and code attributes are

displayed in the source window. As you step throu h your pro ram, the current line is marked with a yellow arrow. 3ode covera e shows you which lines of your pro ram have been e.ecuted. -reen means the line has been run. -rey means is has not. Breakpoints are clearly marked in the source window. 6ed for enabled, white for disabled. #hese attributes make followin pro ram flow easier than ever. #he features of the Micro Dision #wo debu er don@t stop there. ,hen simulatin your pro rams, you not only et source)level, symbolic simulation. Bou also et on)chip peripheral simulation. Dialo bo.es display the condition of all peripherals and on)chip components. #he debu er supports a 3 macro lan ua e that you may use to simulate in before the tar et hardware is

e.ternal hardware. ,e may create functions to simulate di ital and analo input si nals for your application. #his lets you et strai ht to testin and debu fidelity simulation of your end product. available. ,ith nothin more than the simulator and the macro lan ua e, you can create a hi h)

31

(.6 or#A; s4he a214 for sys2e Or#AD s4he a214 for sys2e P#+ 4onne421ons

P#+ 4onne421ons.

32

(. F$O& #"ART

DES#RIPTION9 As the flow chart above shows, the process of fin er print verification and start of en ine consists of three steps. After start, there are two options ' !nroll new fin er % Derify previously stored fin er #hen the scanner scans or captures fin ers ima e of user and compares or processes it.

33

In the (rd step the scanned ima e is stored and compared with previously stored authentic user fin er prints, and if the fin er prind matches with it then en ine starts otherwise we et a messa e as KA33!;; D!4I!DL and bu77er rin s.

). P#+ FA+RI#ATION
/rinted 3ircuit Board "/3B$ is piece of art. #he performance of an electronic circuit depends on the layout and the desi n of /3B. A /3B mechanically supports and connects components by conductive pathways, etched from copper sheets laminated on to insulated substrate. /3B ape used to rotate electrical currents and si nals throu h copper tracts which are firmly bonded to an insulatin base.

P#+ Fa/r14a21on 1n0ol0es 2he follo71n: s2e8s9

'. Drawin the layout of the /3B in the paper. #he track layout of the !lectronic circuit should be made in such manner that the paths are in easy routes. It is then transferred to a Mylar sheet. #he sheet is then touched with black ink. %. #he solder side of the Mylar sheet is placed on the shiny side of the five) ;tar sheet and is placed in a frame. #hen it is e.posed to sunli ht with Mylar sheet facin the sunli ht. (. #he e.posed five) star sheet is put in 0ydro en /ero.ide solution. #hen it is put in hot water and shook till une.posed re ion becomes transparent. *. #his is put in cold water and then the rou h side is stuck on to the silk screen. #his is then pressed and dried well. <. #he plastic sheet of the five)star sheet is removed leavin the pattern on the screen. 5. A copper clad sheet is cut to the si7e and cleaned. #his is placed under screen. 9. As it resistant ink if spread on the screen so that a pattern of tracks and a pad is obtained on a copper clad sheet. It is then dried. :. #he dried sheet is then etched usin >erric chloride solution "(%Baume$ till all the unwanted 3opper is etched away. ;wish the board to keep each fluid movin . 2ift up the /3B and check
34

whether all the unwanted 3opper is removed. !tchin is done by immersin the marked copper clad in >erric 3hloride solution after that the etched sheet is dried. 8. #he unwanted resist ink is removed usin ;odium 0ydro.ide solution 0oles are them dried.

P#+ PARAMETERS
3opper thickness ) 9%mil "'mmQ(8.(9 mils$ #rack width ) 5&mil 3learance ) 5&mil /ad width ) :5mil /ad hei ht ) :5mil /ad shape ) 1val /ad hole si7e ) %<mil 1n board ) #hrou h 0ole si7e ) &.8mm "(5mil$ Base ) /aper phenolic, 0ylam /3B Iuality ) >63*

SO$DERING9
;olderin is the process of +oinin metals by usin lower meltin point to weld or alloy with +oinin surface.

SO$DER9
;older is the +oinin material that melts below *%9 de ree connections between components. #he popularly used solders are alloys of tin ";n$ and lead "/b$ that melts below the meltin point of tin.

35

 Ty8es9
'. 6osin coreE ) 5&H*& ;nH/b solders are the most common types used for electronics assembly. #hese solders are available in various diameters and are most appropriate for small electronics work "&.&%@@)&.&< dia is recommended$ %. 2ead freeE ) lead free solders are used as more environmental)friendly substitutes for leaded solder, but they are typically not as easy to use mainly because of their hi her meltin point and poorer wettin properties. (. ;ilverE ) ;ilver solders are typically used for low resistance connections but they have a hi her meltin point and are e.pensive than ;nH /b solders. *. Acid McoreE ) Acid)core solders should not be used for electronics. #hey are intended for plumbin or non)electronics assembly work. #he acid)core flu. will cause corrosion of circuitry and can dama e components. <. 1ther special solders E) Darious meltin point eutecticsE #hese special solders are typically used for non)electronic assembly of difficult to construct mechanical items that must be assembled in a particular sequence. /aste soldersE #hese solders are used in the field application or in speciali7ed manufacturin application.

F$UC9
In order to make the surface accept the solder readily, the components terminals should be free o.ides and other obstructin films. #he lead should be cleaned chemically or by abrasion usin blades or knives. ;mall amount of lead coatin can be done on the portion of the leads usin solderin iron. #his process is called thinnin . Ainc chloride or ammonium chloride separately or in combination is mostly used as flu.es. #hese are available in petroleum +elly as paste flu.. >lu. medium used to remove the de ree of wettin . #he desirable properties of flu. areE) It should provide a liquid cover over the materials and e.clude air ap up to the solderin temperature. It should dissolve any 1.ide on the metal surface. It should be easily replaced from the metal by the molten solderin operation
36

 6esidue should be removable after completin solderin operation. #he most common flu. used in hand solderin of electronic components is rosin, a combination of mild or anic acids e.tracted from pine tree.

SO$DERING IRON9
It is a tool used to melt the solder and apply it at the +oints in the circuit. It operates in %(&D supply. #he iron at the tip ets heated while few minutes. #he <&, and %<, solderin irons are commonly used for solderin of electronics circuit.

SO$DERING STEPS9
'. Make the layout of the component in the circuit. /lu in the chord of the solderin iron the mains to et heated. %. ;trai hten and clean the component leads usin a blade or a knife. (. Mount the components on the /3B by bendin the leads of the components. Use nose pliers. *. Apply flu. on the +oints and solder the +oints. ;olderin must be in minimum time to avoid dry solderin and heatin up of the components. <. ,ash the residue usin water and brush. 5. ;older +oins should be inspected when completed to determine if they have been properly made.

#"ARA#TERISTI#S OF A GOOD SO$DER JOINTS:

A. ;hiny surface. B. -ood, smooth fillet.

#"ARA#TERISTI#S OF A POOR SO$DER JOINTS:

'. Dull or crystalli7ed surfaceE #his is an indicator of a cold solder +oint. 3old solder +oint result from movin the component after solderin has been removed, but before the solder has hardened. 3old solder +oints may work at first, but will eventually fail.
37

%. Air pocketE Air pocket "voids$ result from incomplete wettin of surface, allowin air to be in contact with the connectin metals. #his will cause o.idation of the +oints and eventual failure. Blow holes can occur due to vapori7ation of the moisture on the surface of the board and e.istin throu h the molten solder. Boards should be clean and dry. /rior to solderin . !thanol "'&&T$ can be used as a moisture chaser if boards are wet prior to solderin . (. DimplesE Dimples in the surface do not always indicate a serious problem, but they should be avoided since they are precursors to voids. *. >loatersE Black spots Ufloatin in the solderin fillet should be avoided because they indicate contamination and a potential for failure as in the case of voids. #hese black spots usually result from overheated "burnt$ 6osin or other contaminants such as burnt wire insulation. Maintainin a clean tip will help to avoid these problems. <. BallsE A solder balls, instead of a fillet can occur if the trace was heated but the leads was not "vice versa$. #his prevents proper wettin of both surfaces and result in solder bein attached to only one surface "component or trace$ 5. !.cess solderE !.cess solder usa e can cover up other potential problems and should be avoided. It can lead to solder brid es. In addition, spherical solder +oints can result from the application of too much solder.

38

*. #ON#$USION

0ereby we come to the conclusion of our seminar report on U ENGINE AUTO-IGNITION USING FINGURE PRINT

#he pro+ect report be an with the introduction to the basic functionin of Microcontroller based Identification, Authentication and ;etup of ;ecurity system. /ro+ect deals with Microcontroller as central controllin units for various other sections like Biometrics ;M (5& module, 6#3 "real time clock$ section, 23D, 6elay section, push button section etc. Interfacin between all sections required for system and microcontroller A#:8;<% is studied . >or re istration purpose we can interface fin er print module with personal computer also usin 6;%(% interfacin cable. interfacin between biometrics module and personal computer allows us to store fin er print data at hard drives of computer. ,hen a new person who is not re ister with the system or try to have access, system refuses access and displays messa e KA33!;; D!4I!DL. >or the person who is re istered with the system can et access on the system or can start the vehicle here. #here are many mature biometric systems are available now. /roper desi n and implementation of the biometric system can indeed increase the overall securityV especially the smartcard based solutions seem to be very promisin . Makin a secure biometric
39

systems is, however, not as easy as it mi ht appear. #he word biometrics is very often used as a synonym for the perfect security. #his is a misleadin view. #here are numerous conditions that must be taken in account when desi nin a secure biometric system. >irst, it is necessary to reali7e that biometrics is not secrets. #his implies be careful that biometric measurements cannot be used as capability tokens and it is not secure to enerate any crypto raphic keys from them. ;econd, it is necessary to trust the input device and make the communication link secure. #hird, the input device needs to check the live ness of the person bein measured and the device itself should be veriWed for e.ample by a challen e)response protocol.

A88l14a21on of 2h1s 8ro3e42

'. >or security purpose %. >or authentication purpose

A;0an2a:e of 2he 8ro3e42

'. 4o one can steal the car %.If someone tries then instant bu77er to indicate user for security of car (.,ithout ri ht fi ure that car will not start *.3ost is less that hi her security products <./ower consumption is less 5.2ow cost 9.!asy to use

40

D1sa;0an2a:es
'.3ontinues power is required to make 14 %.If fi ure print module lass ets break then it will not work (.Accuracy is less at every time printin of fi ure

Fu2ure s4o8e

'.

In future, as biometric authentication is an important and reliable technique this fin er print authentication method will replace many traditional security methods. #hus it becomes important to study these techniques.

%.

,e can e.tend use of this technique for various other security purposes like for, '. 2aptop access

%. 2ocker access

(. Door access etc. *. ;ame system can be implemented at hi h security area, where only selected persons are allowed.

41

<.

#he end part of the system, i.e., fin er print scanner can be replaced by 6> Id scanner and ID cards containin persons ID no. "#a $ can be iven to the persons. Durin scannin data base related to person@s position can be maintained. 1nly little

chan es

are required in main pro rammin with appropriate hardware.

,. REFEREN#ES

#he followin are the references made durin desi n, development and fabrication of the pro+ect work U ENGINE AUTO-IGNITION USING FINGURE PRINT

42

'.

Muhammad Ali Ma7idi, Xanice -illispi Ma7idi and 6olin D. Mckinlay, #he :&<' Microcontroller and !mbedded ;ystemsE Usin /earson /rentic 0all, %&&5. assembly and 3 %nd !dition, DelhiE

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

httpEHHwww.keil.comHuvisionH httpEHHwww.en.wikipedia.or HwikiH>in erprintYreco nition httpEHHwww.atmel.comHlitrature httpEHHwww.atmel.comHdynHresourcesHprodYdocumentsHdoc&%5<.pdf httpEHHwww.datasheets.ma.im)ic.comHenHdsHD;'(&9.pdf #he :&<' Micro)controller Architecture, pro rammin F Applications ByE ?enneth X. Ayala

9.

:.

/ro rammin and 3ustomi7in the :&<' Micro)controller ) ByE Myke /redko

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